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Title: Climate and Weather Extremes.
Creator: Collins, Jennifer M., Paxton, Charles H., Wahl, Thomas, Emrich, Christopher T.
Abstract/Description: This chapter examines Florida’s extreme weather hazards: 1) why they happen, 2) their relation to interannual to multidecadal climate variability, and 3) the potential of each hazard and spatial variability across the state. The weather hazards indicated are under these broad categories: precipitation (rainfall, flooding, droughts), thunderstorms (lightning, hail, convective wind, tornadoes), tropical weather (tropical storms and hurricanes), and temperatures (extreme highs and lows). The...
Show moreThis chapter examines Florida’s extreme weather hazards: 1) why they happen, 2) their relation to interannual to multidecadal climate variability, and 3) the potential of each hazard and spatial variability across the state. The weather hazards indicated are under these broad categories: precipitation (rainfall, flooding, droughts), thunderstorms (lightning, hail, convective wind, tornadoes), tropical weather (tropical storms and hurricanes), and temperatures (extreme highs and lows). The conclusions section mainly addresses the challenge of attributing extreme events to human-induced climate change.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-29
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1515512088_ebc082f3, 10.17125/fci2017.ch20
Format: Citation

Title: Sea Level Rise.
Creator: Mitchum, Gary, Dutton, Andrea, Chambers, Don P., Wdowinski, Shimon
Abstract/Description: Sea level rise is naturally a topic of concern to many Floridians. Our intention in this chapter is to give the reader enough information on this topic to inform decisions about future adaptation strategies. We begin by reviewing how we measure sea level and the reasons that sea level can change. At the global level, the problem is relatively simple in that globally averaged sea level can only increase if water is added to the ocean or the ocean warms. The situation is more complicated at the...
Show moreSea level rise is naturally a topic of concern to many Floridians. Our intention in this chapter is to give the reader enough information on this topic to inform decisions about future adaptation strategies. We begin by reviewing how we measure sea level and the reasons that sea level can change. At the global level, the problem is relatively simple in that globally averaged sea level can only increase if water is added to the ocean or the ocean warms. The situation is more complicated at the local level, where variations can occur (e.g., due to changes in wind and ocean current patterns, and differences in vertical land motion rates). We present summaries of global sea level change over several time scales, ranging from the modern day to the geological records. Although we have confidence in estimates of the rate of global mean sea level change, determining from observations whether the rate is increasing, or accelerating, is more challenging. Over the next century, sea level change in Florida is expected to follow the global trend reasonably closely, but on shorter time scales and in different localities some variations are inevitable. We end with a discussion of the future sea level rise projections for Florida that should form the basis for efforts to plan adaptation strategies.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-29
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1515511935_d1ea45d2, 10.17125/fci2017.ch19
Format: Citation

Title: Future Climate Change Scenarios for Florida.
Creator: Kirtman, Ben P., Misra, Vasubandhu, Anandhi, Aavudai, Palko, Diane, Infanti, Johnna
Abstract/Description: This chapter describes both the nature of and anthropogenic mechanisms for climate change, as well as how scenarios and projections of future climate change are made. Specific emphasis is placed on understanding the changes over the near-term (i.e., adaption timescale) where the emission scenario has little impact vs. changes beyond the mid-century where the projections are conditional on the emission scenario. The various tools and models used to assess climate change are also summarized,...
Show moreThis chapter describes both the nature of and anthropogenic mechanisms for climate change, as well as how scenarios and projections of future climate change are made. Specific emphasis is placed on understanding the changes over the near-term (i.e., adaption timescale) where the emission scenario has little impact vs. changes beyond the mid-century where the projections are conditional on the emission scenario. The various tools and models used to assess climate change are also summarized, and projections from global and regional models are presented. Finally, the new science of decadal prediction is presented as it has the potential to improve climate information in the near-term.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-29
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1515511768_f4ca0fd1, 10.17125/fci2017.ch18
Format: Citation

Title: Florida Climate Variability and Prediction.
Creator: Kirtman, Ben P., Misra, Vasubandhu, Burgman, Robert J., Infanti, Johnna, Obeysekera, Jayantha
Abstract/Description: This chapter describes the sources and mechanisms for climate variability in Florida across timescales (i.e., seasonal-to-decadal) and how they are used to make predictions. Current capabilities in terms of prediction quality, with an emphasis on precipitation and land surface temperature on seasonal timescales, are introduced as well as challenges and opportunities for the future. The longer decadal time scales are discussed in the next chapter in conjunction with climate change associated...
Show moreThis chapter describes the sources and mechanisms for climate variability in Florida across timescales (i.e., seasonal-to-decadal) and how they are used to make predictions. Current capabilities in terms of prediction quality, with an emphasis on precipitation and land surface temperature on seasonal timescales, are introduced as well as challenges and opportunities for the future. The longer decadal time scales are discussed in the next chapter in conjunction with climate change associated with anthropogenic forcing
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Date Issued: 2017-11-29
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1515511593_881d8fde, 10.17125/fci2017.ch17
Format: Citation

Title: Terrestrial and Ocean Climate of the 20th Century.
Creator: Misra, Vasubandhu, Selman, Christopher, Waite, Amanda J., Bastola, Satish, Mishra, Akhilesh
Abstract/Description: The Florida peninsula, with its close proximity to the equator surrounded by robust surface and deep water ocean currents, has a unique climate. Generally, its climate is mild with variations on numerous time scales, punctuated by periodic extreme weather events. In this chapter, we review the mechanisms by which some well-known natural variations impact the regional climate and modulate the occurrence of extreme weather over Florida and its neighboring oceans. In addition, we explore the...
Show moreThe Florida peninsula, with its close proximity to the equator surrounded by robust surface and deep water ocean currents, has a unique climate. Generally, its climate is mild with variations on numerous time scales, punctuated by periodic extreme weather events. In this chapter, we review the mechanisms by which some well-known natural variations impact the regional climate and modulate the occurrence of extreme weather over Florida and its neighboring oceans. In addition, we explore the role of land cover and land use changes on the regional climate over the same area. It is made apparent from the review that remote variations of climate have an equally important impact on the regional climate of Florida as the local changes to land cover and land use.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-29
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1515511382_1f4d411f, 10.17125/fci2017.ch16
Format: Citation

Title: Paleoclimate of Florida.
Creator: Hine, Albert C., Martin, Ellen E., Jaeger, John M., Brenner, Mark
Abstract/Description: We present our understanding of Florida’s paleoclimate for the past ~50 million years (Myr). The paleoclimate of the Florida Platform is closely linked to global paleoclimate. Global climate change over the past 50 Myr is a record of declining atmospheric carbon dioxide, decreasing temperature, and progressive addition of ice sheets. The overall global climate narrative is one of transition from a greenhouse Earth (warm temperatures with higher sea levels) to an icehouse Earth (colder...
Show moreWe present our understanding of Florida’s paleoclimate for the past ~50 million years (Myr). The paleoclimate of the Florida Platform is closely linked to global paleoclimate. Global climate change over the past 50 Myr is a record of declining atmospheric carbon dioxide, decreasing temperature, and progressive addition of ice sheets. The overall global climate narrative is one of transition from a greenhouse Earth (warm temperatures with higher sea levels) to an icehouse Earth (colder temperatures with lower sea levels). The early 21st century has been a period of extreme climate conditions in Florida, in that we have already seen very low lake levels, including complete drying of some water bodies for the first time in recorded history. Such complete drying was never reported previously and suggests that we have entered a new climate regime in this millennium.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-29
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1515511145_a2730749, 10.17125/fci2017.ch15
Format: Citation

Title: Climate Change Impacts on Florida’s Fisheries and Aquaculture Sectors and Options for Adaptation.
Creator: Lorenzen, Kai, Ainsworth, Cameron H., Baker, Shirley M., Barbieri, Luiz R., Camp, Edward V., Dotson, Jason R., Lester, Sarah E.
Abstract/Description: Florida supports diverse marine and freshwater fisheries and a significant aquaculture industry with a combined economic impact of approximately 15 billion US$. We begin by describing the characteristics of the different fisheries and aquaculture sectors. This is followed by a description of the relevant climate change and confounding drivers. We then present an integrated social-ecological systems framework for analyzing climate change impacts and apply this framework to the different...
Show moreFlorida supports diverse marine and freshwater fisheries and a significant aquaculture industry with a combined economic impact of approximately 15 billion US$. We begin by describing the characteristics of the different fisheries and aquaculture sectors. This is followed by a description of the relevant climate change and confounding drivers. We then present an integrated social-ecological systems framework for analyzing climate change impacts and apply this framework to the different fisheries and aquaculture sectors. We highlight how the characteristics of each sector gives rise to distinct expected climate change impacts and potential adaptation measures. We conclude with general considerations for monitoring and adaptation.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-29
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1515510950_127e8200, 10.17125/fci2017.ch14
Format: Citation

Title: Florida’s Oceans and Marine Habitats in a Changing Climate.
Creator: Morey, Steven, Koch, Marguerite, Liu, Yanyun, Lee, Sang-Ki
Abstract/Description: Florida’s peninsula extending ~700 km north-to-south, extensive shoreline (2,100 km), and broad carbonate platform create a diversity of marine habitats (estuaries, lagoons, bays, beach, reef, shelf, pelagic) along the coast, shelf, and deep ocean that are influenced by continental, oceanographic, and atmospheric processes all predicted to shift with a rapidly changing climate. Future changes of the global ocean circulation could result in a 25% reduction in the Atlantic Meridional...
Show moreFlorida’s peninsula extending ~700 km north-to-south, extensive shoreline (2,100 km), and broad carbonate platform create a diversity of marine habitats (estuaries, lagoons, bays, beach, reef, shelf, pelagic) along the coast, shelf, and deep ocean that are influenced by continental, oceanographic, and atmospheric processes all predicted to shift with a rapidly changing climate. Future changes of the global ocean circulation could result in a 25% reduction in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), leading to a subsequent slowing of Florida’s regional/local current systems (Yucatan, Loop, Florida and Gulf Stream) and eddies. While downscaled climate models suggest that slowing of the Loop Current by 20-25% during the 21st century will moderate the increase in surface temperatures in the Gulf of Mexico to 1.4oC - 2.8oC, this warming is predicted to have wide-ranging consequences for Florida’s marine habitats (e.g., enhanced coral bleaching, lower O2 in surface waters, increased harmful algal blooms, reduced phytoplankton and fisheries production, and lower sea turtle reproduction). The reduction in the AMOC is also predicted to reduce hurricane frequency, albeit with increased intensity (2-11%) due to ocean warming. Climate projections affecting Florida’s oceans include rises in sea level, changes in coastal circulation impacting larval and nutrient transport, changes in marine biogeochemistry including ocean acidification, and loss of coastal wetlands that protect Florida’s coastline. Understanding the consequences of these projected climate impacts and gaining a more complete understanding of complex changes in atmospheric processes (e.g., ENSO, AMO, convection, wind shear), air-sea interaction, currents, and stratification under a changing climate is critical over the next few decades to prepare and protect the state of Florida.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-29
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1515510689_7e3d1fb9, 10.17125/fci2017.ch13
Format: Citation

Title: Climate Change Impacts on Florida’s Biodiversity and Ecology.
Creator: Stys, Beth, Foster, Tammy, Fuentes, Mariana M.P.B., Glazer, Bob, Karish, Kimberly, Montero, Natalie, Reece, Joshua S.
Abstract/Description: Florida’s rich biodiversity is the product of climatic conditions, geographic position, and underlying geology. Interactions of these factors over time have led to the state’s unique biota, with Florida ranking fourth in the nation for total number of endemic species. The ability of Florida’s ecosystems to support plants and animals is intimately tied to its geographic location, climatic and hydrologic variables, including timing and amount of precipitation, the frequency and intensity of...
Show moreFlorida’s rich biodiversity is the product of climatic conditions, geographic position, and underlying geology. Interactions of these factors over time have led to the state’s unique biota, with Florida ranking fourth in the nation for total number of endemic species. The ability of Florida’s ecosystems to support plants and animals is intimately tied to its geographic location, climatic and hydrologic variables, including timing and amount of precipitation, the frequency and intensity of storms, the range and duration of temperature extremes, and water chemistry. The ecosystems and species of Florida have adapted to past periods of climatic change. However, these ecosystems are now under stress and less resilient due to past and existing human-caused alterations and impacts, affecting their ability to withstand and adapt to additional stressors such as climate change. The overall vulnerability of some systems and species is primarily driven by the severity and extent of these non-climate stressors. Florida’s biodiversity may be very different in the future, with some species and ecosystems affected to a greater extent than others. Community-level changes will occur as plant and animal species move and adapt at different rates. There are tools available to assist in determining relative vulnerability (vulnerability assessments) and potential impacts (scenario planning) that can aid in developing adaptation strategies. Awareness that change is likely to happen is critical to planning for the future and allowing for adaptation in management practices that will maximize Florida’s biodiversity for future generations.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-29
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1515510476_b6a1e65a, 10.17125/fci2017.ch12
Format: Citation

Title: Adaptation of Florida’s Urban Infrastructure to Climate Change.
Creator: Bloetscher, Frederick, Hoermann, Serena, Berry, Leonard
Abstract/Description: This chapter looks at how the impacts of climate change affect different parts of Florida. With more than 1500 miles of coastline that contains numerus differences in character between the state’s southern-most point in the Florida Keys to the northwest Florida Panhandle and northeast Florida in Jacksonville, it is easy to see why areas across the state are not all the same; temperature, rainfall rates, and even the potential for sea level rise can vary significantly depending on what part of...
Show moreThis chapter looks at how the impacts of climate change affect different parts of Florida. With more than 1500 miles of coastline that contains numerus differences in character between the state’s southern-most point in the Florida Keys to the northwest Florida Panhandle and northeast Florida in Jacksonville, it is easy to see why areas across the state are not all the same; temperature, rainfall rates, and even the potential for sea level rise can vary significantly depending on what part of the state one is in. For example, southeast Florida and the Tampa Bay area are already dealing with sea level rise issues, but there is much work to be done in order to assess the risks and help identify potential solutions. Efforts to adapt to rising seas will need to draw upon prior research and current work to develop tool box strategies that involve the hard and soft components. A background of impacts to water resources (less rainfall has been detected) will be discussed.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-29
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1515510253_5d0b606b, 10.17125/fci2017.ch11
Format: Citation

Title: Florida Tourism.
Creator: Harrington, Julie, Chi, Hongmei, Gray, Lori Pennington
Abstract/Description: Tourism is one of the largest economic industries in Florida. In 2015, a record 106.3 million tourists visited Florida (about five visitors per resident), with an economic impact of about $90 billion. Tourism also provides additional benefits for federal, state, and local governments in the form of taxes (e.g., excise, sales, income, and property taxes). In Florida, tourism accounts for over one million direct jobs and an additional 1.5 million indirect and supply chain jobs. The three...
Show moreTourism is one of the largest economic industries in Florida. In 2015, a record 106.3 million tourists visited Florida (about five visitors per resident), with an economic impact of about $90 billion. Tourism also provides additional benefits for federal, state, and local governments in the form of taxes (e.g., excise, sales, income, and property taxes). In Florida, tourism accounts for over one million direct jobs and an additional 1.5 million indirect and supply chain jobs. The three industries or business sectors most impacted by tourism and currently experiencing substantial growth in the state, include: leisure and hospitality (e.g., hotels, restaurants, museums, amusement parks, entertainment), transportation (e.g., cruise ships, taxis, airports), and retail trade (e.g., gas stations, retail stores). The 106.3 million tourists comprise approximately 91.2 million out-of-state visitors, 3.9 million Canadian visitors, and 11.2 million overseas visitors. The domestic visitors are anticipated to grow by 20% in 2018. Tourism and the associated industries in Florida are highly vulnerable to climate change over time. The state population and real estate markets continue to grow in the coastal areas, with corresponding increases in property values at risk. In addition, there are losses associated with the properties used to mitigate the effects of climate change. In summary, indicators of climate change, such as higher sea levels and more frequent and powerful hurricanes and other extreme weather events, have the potential to severely impact the tourism industry in Florida.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-29
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1515510103_158bad4e, 10.17125/fci2017.ch10
Format: Citation

Title: Managing Florida's Plantation Forests in a Changing Climate.
Creator: Martin, Timothy A., Adams, Damian C., Cohen, Matthew J., Crandall, Raelene M., Gonzalez-Benecke, Carlos A., Smith, Jason A., Vogel, Jason G.
Abstract/Description: Production forestry provides substantial benefits to the state of Florida, including the provision of ecosystem services, such as regulation of water quantity and quality, provision of wildlife habitat and carbon sequestration, and supporting 80,000 jobs and $16.34 billion/year in economic activity. Climate through the end of the century in the production forestry regions of northern Florida and southern Georgia is predicted to result in substantial increases in potential loblolly pine and...
Show moreProduction forestry provides substantial benefits to the state of Florida, including the provision of ecosystem services, such as regulation of water quantity and quality, provision of wildlife habitat and carbon sequestration, and supporting 80,000 jobs and $16.34 billion/year in economic activity. Climate through the end of the century in the production forestry regions of northern Florida and southern Georgia is predicted to result in substantial increases in potential loblolly pine and slash pine plantation productivity, ranging from 5–35% depending on emissions scenario, species, and location. Climate change is likely to affect the timing and frequency of abiotic disturbances, such as wildfire and windstorms, and will also change the dynamics of forest pests, pathosystems, and forest water resources. But predictions about the nature of these impacts remains uncertain. Regardless, the fact is that plantation forests have been a vital part of protecting regional water quantity and quality, and they will continue to be essential features of healthy productive landscapes, as climate changes and the potential for adverse climate impacts on water resources increases. The key to adapting forest management to changing climate will be the considered application of silvicultural tools, such as competition control, density and fertility management, and proper choice of species for each site. Keeping abreast of research advances related to these tools will be increasingly important for forest managers as climate conditions change. In addition, the development of viable policy options focused primarily on privately owned forests can help protect Florida’s existing forests and the benefits they provide, and encourage investment in reforestation of existing forestland and planting new forests on previously unforested land
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Date Issued: 2017-11-29
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1515509935_6ecffd1c, 10.17125/fci2017.ch09
Format: Citation

Title: Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation in Florida’s Agriculture.
Creator: Her, Young Gu, Boote, Kenneth J., Migliaccio, Kati W., Fraisse, Clyde, Letson, David, Mbuya, Odemari, Anandhi, Aavudai, Chi, Hongmei, Ngatia, Lucy, Asseng, Senthold
Abstract/Description: In this chapter, we describe Florida’s agriculture, the vulnerability of its crops and livestock to climate change and possible adaptation strategies. Much of Florida’s agricultural success is linked to its moderate climate, which allows vegetable and fruit crop production during the winter/spring season as well as the production of perennial crops such as citrus and sugarcane. In addition, there is a substantial livestock industry that uses the extensive perennial grasslands. While rising...
Show moreIn this chapter, we describe Florida’s agriculture, the vulnerability of its crops and livestock to climate change and possible adaptation strategies. Much of Florida’s agricultural success is linked to its moderate climate, which allows vegetable and fruit crop production during the winter/spring season as well as the production of perennial crops such as citrus and sugarcane. In addition, there is a substantial livestock industry that uses the extensive perennial grasslands. While rising CO2 is generally beneficial to crop production but detrimental to nutritional quality, increase in temperature will cause mostly negative effects on yield. Florida’s agriculture faces additional challenges from climate change characterized by sea level rise and intensified extreme climate events, affecting land and irrigation water availability, livestock productivity and pest and disease pressure. New technologies and adaptation strategies are needed for sustainable agricultural production in Florida, including increased water and nutrient use efficiency in crops, crop and livestock breeding for heat stress, pest and disease resistance and reduced exposure of livestock to high temperature. Irrigation is a favored adaptation, but places an even greater burden or potential conflict between agriculture and community use of water resources.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-29
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1515509652_586ba572, 10.17125/fci2017.ch08
Format: Citation

Title: Climate Change Impacts on Law and Policy in Florida.
Creator: Ruppert, Thomas, Deady, Erin L
Abstract/Description: Climate change and sea level rise have made obsolete the notion that law and policy develop in the context of a relatively stable natural environment. The need of communities to adapt to climate change and sea level rise reflects the need for laws and policies governing those communities to facilitate rather than undermine such adaptation. This chapter provides an overview of law and policy issues at three levels of government—state, local, and federal. It highlights changes in state law and...
Show moreClimate change and sea level rise have made obsolete the notion that law and policy develop in the context of a relatively stable natural environment. The need of communities to adapt to climate change and sea level rise reflects the need for laws and policies governing those communities to facilitate rather than undermine such adaptation. This chapter provides an overview of law and policy issues at three levels of government—state, local, and federal. It highlights changes in state law and policy in Florida that relate to climate change and sea level rise. The chapter also focuses on local governments, and includes sections about regional collaborations of local governments, financial issues and climate change/sea level rise at the local level, examinations of impacts on infrastructure, and impacts on the public’s use of beaches in Florida. The chapter concludes with discussion of a policy change related to climate change and sea level rise at the federal level that impacts local governments.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-29
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1515444138_4fbf0e2e, 10.17125/fci2017.ch07
Format: Citation

Title: Climate Change Impacts on Florida's Energy Supply and Demand.
Creator: Porter, Wendell A, Knowles III, Hal
Abstract/Description: Florida’s unique location in the contiguous United States ensures that the effects of climate change will be significant and persistent across the state. Florida’s current economy and its population have developed energy use patterns based on fully developed fossil fuel industries. These industries and Florida’s consumption patterns are presented and analyzed. Location of Florida’s electricity generating facilities are shown and a significant proportion of these facilities are literally at...
Show moreFlorida’s unique location in the contiguous United States ensures that the effects of climate change will be significant and persistent across the state. Florida’s current economy and its population have developed energy use patterns based on fully developed fossil fuel industries. These industries and Florida’s consumption patterns are presented and analyzed. Location of Florida’s electricity generating facilities are shown and a significant proportion of these facilities are literally at the water’s edge. Future actions to protect the state’s energy supply may need to include costly moving of significant fossil fueled facilities and/or outright replacement by newer, cheaper renewable energy power plants. The current status of energy consumption in Florida is presented in this chapter, along with disruptive technologies in energy efficiency, renewable energy, and the electrical grid. World photovoltaic (PV) and wind power adoption rates are used to explore the possible time frames for renewable energy transformation.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-29
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1515443402_32651c10, 10.17125/fci2017.ch05
Format: Citation

Title: Climate Change Impacts on Insurance in Florida.
Creator: Medders, Lorilee
Abstract/Description: Climate change presents added risks as well as related opportunities for the insurance industry and financial sector. Implications must be evaluated for property, casualty and life insurance industry segments as well as for the financial sector more broadly. While climate change exacerbates the existing volatility of these markets, it also inherently creates opportunities for product development. Florida is a unique contributor to both the risk and opportunity since the state is the world’s...
Show moreClimate change presents added risks as well as related opportunities for the insurance industry and financial sector. Implications must be evaluated for property, casualty and life insurance industry segments as well as for the financial sector more broadly. While climate change exacerbates the existing volatility of these markets, it also inherently creates opportunities for product development. Florida is a unique contributor to both the risk and opportunity since the state is the world’s largest insured catastrophe region. The state of Florida itself is heavily leveraged as insurer for much of the cost of extreme weather in the form of hurricanes and other tropical storms. Unlike other insurance risk bearers, however, this state cost of risk cannot be offset by commensurate market opportunity. Increased volatility in insurance, reinsurance, and capital markets are all challenges for Florida, with potentially adverse collateral effects on residual insurance market pressures, policyholder assessments, state debt, and tax strategies. Insurance industry initiatives, to the extent they are successful, can have a balancing effect on these challenges.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-29
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1515443777_1ab230c3, 10.17125/fci2017.ch06
Format: Citation

Title: Climate Change Impacts on Human Health.
Creator: Liang, Song, Kintziger, Kristina, Reaves, Phyllis, Ryan, Sadie J
Abstract/Description: Climate change poses major challenges to human society and to Earth systems, influencing the functioning of many ecosystems and thereby affecting human health. Many climate change/variability- and extreme weather-associated events, such as sea level rise, hurricanes, and storm surge, as well as other weather extremes, including excessive precipitation and heatwaves, have direct and/or indirect impacts on human health. These impacts include death/injury, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases...
Show moreClimate change poses major challenges to human society and to Earth systems, influencing the functioning of many ecosystems and thereby affecting human health. Many climate change/variability- and extreme weather-associated events, such as sea level rise, hurricanes, and storm surge, as well as other weather extremes, including excessive precipitation and heatwaves, have direct and/or indirect impacts on human health. These impacts include death/injury, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, environmentally-mediated infectious diseases, and mental health, among others. Due to its unique geography, Florida is particularly vulnerable to these environmental impacts, which have important health implications for the state’s more than 20 million residents. In this chapter, we review the health impacts of climate change and associated weather events, with an emphasis on those relevant to Florida, and environmental hazards, including hurricanes and storms, lightning, sea level rise, excessive precipitation, extreme heat, and drought. There is clear evidence for significant climate-sensitive hazards and human health impacts in the state, despite uncertainties associated with the assessment of some effects. To address health impacts and challenges, policies focused on mitigation and adaptation strategies, health surveillance, and research that could close knowledge gaps on human exposures to the climate-sensitive hazards and health impacts are needed.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-29
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1515442924_f244ee60, 10.17125/fci2017.ch04
Format: Citation

Title: Implications of Climate Change on Florida's Water Resources.
Creator: Obeysekera, Jayantha, Graham, Wendy, Sukop, Michael C, Asefa, Tirusew, Wang, Dingbao, Ghebremichael, Kebreab, Mwashote, Benjamin
Abstract/Description: Water resources systems in Florida are unique and exhibit significant diversity in hydrogeologic characteristics and in rainfall and temperature patterns. In many parts of the state, both surface and groundwater systems are complex, highly interconnected, and any change in hydrologic drivers such as rainfall or temperature has the potential to impact the water resources of the urban, agricultural, and ecological systems. Because of this diversity, it is not possible to present a single...
Show moreWater resources systems in Florida are unique and exhibit significant diversity in hydrogeologic characteristics and in rainfall and temperature patterns. In many parts of the state, both surface and groundwater systems are complex, highly interconnected, and any change in hydrologic drivers such as rainfall or temperature has the potential to impact the water resources of the urban, agricultural, and ecological systems. Because of this diversity, it is not possible to present a single overall outlook regarding the implications of climate change on the water resources of the state. This chapter presents brief summaries of individual studies that are available for major water resources systems in the state, which include the Everglades, the Tampa Bay region, the St. Johns River watershed, and the Suwannee River and Apalachicola River basins. Available climate models and their downscaled versions have varying degrees of bias and lack of skill that need to be considered in impact analyses. In all regions, projected changes in rainfall, temperature, and sea level may have significant impacts on water supply, water levels in environmentally sensitive areas, flood protection, and water quality.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-29
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1515441680_9ce8bb62, 10.17125/fci2017.ch03
Format: Citation

Title: Florida Land Use and Land Cover Change in the Past 100 Years.
Creator: Volk, Michael I, Hoctor, Thomas S, Nettles, Belinda B, Hilsenbeck, Richard, Putz, Francis E, Oetting, Jon
Abstract/Description: This chapter provides an overview of land use and land cover change in Florida over the past 100 years and a summary of how it may change in the future. We begin by providing a baseline description of Florida’s pre-1900 land cover, natural resource distribution, and biodiversity. This is followed by a description of major land use changes and trends related to transportation, agriculture, mining, urbanization, tourism, disruption of natural processes, and conservation from 1900 to the present...
Show moreThis chapter provides an overview of land use and land cover change in Florida over the past 100 years and a summary of how it may change in the future. We begin by providing a baseline description of Florida’s pre-1900 land cover, natural resource distribution, and biodiversity. This is followed by a description of major land use changes and trends related to transportation, agriculture, mining, urbanization, tourism, disruption of natural processes, and conservation from 1900 to the present. We also describe changes in land use and land cover caused by climate change. The chapter concludes with a discussion of current land use and land cover patterns, and the potential impacts of climate change and continued human population growth on the remaining natural and rural landscapes in Florida. Much has changed in Florida over the last century due to a combination of wetland draining, agriculture conversion, urban development, and establishment of several dominant exotic plant species, as well as accelerating sea level rise and shifting climate zones due to climate change.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-29
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1515440747_56b1ed92, 10.17125/fci2017.ch02
Format: Citation

Title: Human Dimensions and Communication of Florida's Climate.
Creator: Jacques, Peter J, Broad, Kenneth, Butler, William, Emrich, Christopher, Galindo, Sebastian, Knox, Claire, Rizzardi, Keith W, Ziewitz, Kathryn
Abstract/Description: Florida’s climate system, which is nested within regional and global climate systems, cannot be fully understood without including human dimensions that interact with the climate systems in two principal ways: 1) where social systems facilitate or dominate causes of climate change, and 2) where climate change affects social systems. These aspects include complex social interactions and feedbacks, but can be broken down into the impacts, risks, and causes of climate change specific to Florida....
Show moreFlorida’s climate system, which is nested within regional and global climate systems, cannot be fully understood without including human dimensions that interact with the climate systems in two principal ways: 1) where social systems facilitate or dominate causes of climate change, and 2) where climate change affects social systems. These aspects include complex social interactions and feedbacks, but can be broken down into the impacts, risks, and causes of climate change specific to Florida. Further, communication of these elements can interact with social in/action and facilitate or obstruct adaptive responses. It is important to view the organization of these interactions through social structure, where essential drivers of social forces include the political-economy, demographic, and attitudinal architecture of Florida social systems. In this chapter, we review key social drivers of specific impacts, risks, and causes of climate change within Florida.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-09
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1515439925_2b405adb, 10.17125/fci2017.ch01
Format: Citation

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