Search results

Title: Precipitous change of the irreversible strain limit with heat-treatment temperature in NbSn wires made by the restacked-rod process.
Creator: Cheggour, Najib, Stauffer, Theodore C, Starch, William, Lee, Peter J, Splett, Jolene D, Goodrich, Loren F, Ghosh, Arup K
Abstract/Description: The intrinsic irreversible strain limit ε of NbSn superconducting wires, made by the restacked-rod process and doped with either Ti or Ta, undergoes a precipitous change as a function of temperature θ of the final heat-treatment for forming the A15 phase. NbSn transitions from a highly brittle state where it cracks as soon as it is subjected to an axial tensile strain of any measurable amount, to a state more resilient to tensile strain as high as 0.4%. The remarkable abruptness of this...
Show moreThe intrinsic irreversible strain limit ε of NbSn superconducting wires, made by the restacked-rod process and doped with either Ti or Ta, undergoes a precipitous change as a function of temperature θ of the final heat-treatment for forming the A15 phase. NbSn transitions from a highly brittle state where it cracks as soon as it is subjected to an axial tensile strain of any measurable amount, to a state more resilient to tensile strain as high as 0.4%. The remarkable abruptness of this transition (as most of it occurs over a range of only 10 °C) could pose real challenges for the heat-treatment of large magnets, such as those fabricated for the high-luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We named this behavior the strain irreversibility cliff (SIC) to caution magnet developers. The approach to fulfilling application requirements just in terms of the conductor's residual resistivity ratio RRR and critical-current density J is incomplete. Along with RRR and J wire specifications, and sub-element size requirements that reduce wire magnetization and instabilities effects, SIC imposes additional constraints on the choice of heat-treatment conditions to ensure mechanical integrity of the conductor.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-29
Identifier: FSU_pmch_30158591, 10.1038/s41598-018-30911-x, PMC6115397, 30158591, 30158591, 10.1038/s41598-018-30911-x
Format: Citation

Title: Phase Modulators Based on High Mobility Ambipolar ReSe Field-Effect Transistors.
Creator: Pradhan, Nihar R, Garcia, Carlos, Isenberg, Bridget, Rhodes, Daniel, Feng, Simin, Memaran, Shahriar, Xin, Yan, McCreary, Amber, Walker, Angela R Hight, Raeliarijaona, Aldo,...
Show morePradhan, Nihar R, Garcia, Carlos, Isenberg, Bridget, Rhodes, Daniel, Feng, Simin, Memaran, Shahriar, Xin, Yan, McCreary, Amber, Walker, Angela R Hight, Raeliarijaona, Aldo, Terrones, Humberto, Terrones, Mauricio, McGill, Stephen, Balicas, Luis
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Abstract/Description: We fabricated ambipolar field-effect transistors (FETs) from multi-layered triclinic ReSe, mechanically exfoliated onto a SiO layer grown on p-doped Si. In contrast to previous reports on thin layers (~2 to 3 layers), we extract field-effect carrier mobilities in excess of 10 cm/Vs at room temperature in crystals with nearly ~10 atomic layers. These thicker FETs also show nearly zero threshold gate voltage for conduction and high ON to OFF current ratios when compared to the FETs built from...
Show moreWe fabricated ambipolar field-effect transistors (FETs) from multi-layered triclinic ReSe, mechanically exfoliated onto a SiO layer grown on p-doped Si. In contrast to previous reports on thin layers (~2 to 3 layers), we extract field-effect carrier mobilities in excess of 10 cm/Vs at room temperature in crystals with nearly ~10 atomic layers. These thicker FETs also show nearly zero threshold gate voltage for conduction and high ON to OFF current ratios when compared to the FETs built from thinner layers. We also demonstrate that it is possible to utilize this ambipolarity to fabricate logical elements or digital synthesizers. For instance, we demonstrate that one can produce simple, gate-voltage tunable phase modulators with the ability to shift the phase of the input signal by either 90° or nearly 180°. Given that it is possible to engineer these same elements with improved architectures, for example on h-BN in order to decrease the threshold gate voltage and increase the carrier mobilities, it is possible to improve their characteristics in order to engineer ultra-thin layered logic elements based on ReSe.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-24
Identifier: FSU_pmch_30143693, 10.1038/s41598-018-30969-7, PMC6109127, 30143693, 30143693, 10.1038/s41598-018-30969-7
Format: Citation

Title: Arbitrary shaped beam scattering from a chiral-coated conducting object with arbitrary monochromatic illumination.
Creator: Wang, Mingjun, Zhang, Huayong, Ke, Xizheng, Liu, Guosheng, Ouyang, Xiaoping
Abstract/Description: An exact semi-analytical method of calculating the scattered fields from a chiral-coated conducting object under arbitrary shaped beam illumination is developed. The scattered fields and the fields within the chiral coating are expanded in terms of appropriate spherical vector wave functions. The unknown expansion coefficients are determined by solving an infinite system of linear equations derived using the method of moments technique and the boundary conditions. For incidence of a Gaussian...
Show moreAn exact semi-analytical method of calculating the scattered fields from a chiral-coated conducting object under arbitrary shaped beam illumination is developed. The scattered fields and the fields within the chiral coating are expanded in terms of appropriate spherical vector wave functions. The unknown expansion coefficients are determined by solving an infinite system of linear equations derived using the method of moments technique and the boundary conditions. For incidence of a Gaussian beam, circularly polarized wave, zero-order Bessel beam and Hertzian electric dipole radiation on a chiral-coated conducting spheroid and a chiral-coated conducting circular cylinder of finite length, the normalized differential scattering cross sections are evaluated and discussed briefly.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-17
Identifier: FSU_pmch_30120306, 10.1038/s41598-018-30596-2, PMC6098078, 30120306, 30120306, 10.1038/s41598-018-30596-2
Format: Citation

Title: Comparison of microbiomes of cold-water corals Primnoa pacifica and Primnoa resedaeformis, with possible link between microbiome composition and host genotype.
Creator: Goldsmith, Dawn B, Kellogg, Christina A, Morrison, Cheryl L, Gray, Michael A, Stone, Robert P, Waller, Rhian G, Brooke, Sandra D, Ross, Steve W
Abstract/Description: Cold-water corals provide critical habitats for a multitude of marine species, but are understudied relative to tropical corals. Primnoa pacifica is a cold-water coral prevalent throughout Alaskan waters, while another species in the genus, Primnoa resedaeformis, is widely distributed in the Atlantic Ocean. This study examined the V4-V5 region of the 16S rRNA gene after amplifying and pyrosequencing bacterial DNA from samples of these species. Key differences between the two species'...
Show moreCold-water corals provide critical habitats for a multitude of marine species, but are understudied relative to tropical corals. Primnoa pacifica is a cold-water coral prevalent throughout Alaskan waters, while another species in the genus, Primnoa resedaeformis, is widely distributed in the Atlantic Ocean. This study examined the V4-V5 region of the 16S rRNA gene after amplifying and pyrosequencing bacterial DNA from samples of these species. Key differences between the two species' microbiomes included a robust presence of bacteria belonging to the Chlamydiales order in most of the P. pacifica samples, whereas no more than 2% of any microbial community from P. resedaeformis comprised these bacteria. Microbiomes of P. resedaeformis exhibited higher diversity than those of P. pacifica, and the two species largely clustered separately in a principal coordinate analysis. Comparison of P. resedaeformis microbiomes from samples collected in two submarine canyons revealed a significant difference between locations. This finding mirrored significant genetic differences among the P. resedaeformis from the two canyons based upon population genetic analysis of microsatellite loci. This study presents the first report of microbiomes associated with these two coral species.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-17
Identifier: FSU_pmch_30120375, 10.1038/s41598-018-30901-z, PMC6098105, 30120375, 30120375, 10.1038/s41598-018-30901-z
Format: Citation

Title: Statistical Evidence for the Role of Southwestern Indian Ocean Heat Content in the Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall.
Creator: Venugopal, T, Ali, M M, Bourassa, M A, Zheng, Y, Goni, G J, Foltz, G R, Rajeevan, M
Abstract/Description: This study examines the benefit of using Ocean Mean Temperature (OMT) to aid in the prediction of the sign of Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR) anomalies. This is a statistical examination, rather than a process study. The thermal energy needed for maintaining and intensifying hurricanes and monsoons comes from the upper ocean, not just from the thin layer represented by sea surface temperature (SST) alone. Here, we show that the southwestern Indian OMT down to the depth of the 26 °C...
Show moreThis study examines the benefit of using Ocean Mean Temperature (OMT) to aid in the prediction of the sign of Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR) anomalies. This is a statistical examination, rather than a process study. The thermal energy needed for maintaining and intensifying hurricanes and monsoons comes from the upper ocean, not just from the thin layer represented by sea surface temperature (SST) alone. Here, we show that the southwestern Indian OMT down to the depth of the 26 °C isotherm during January-March is a better qualitative predictor of the ISMR than SST. The success rate in predicting above- or below-average ISMR is 80% for OMT compared to 60% for SST. Other January-March mean climate indices (e.g., NINO3.4, Indian Ocean Dipole Mode Index, El Niño Southern Oscillation Modoki Index) have less predictability (52%, 48%, and 56%, respectively) than OMT percentage deviation (PD) (80%). Thus, OMT PD in the southwestern Indian Ocean provides a better qualitative prediction of ISMR by the end of March and indicates whether the ISMR will be above or below the climatological mean value.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-14
Identifier: FSU_pmch_30108244, 10.1038/s41598-018-30552-0, PMC6092415, 30108244, 30108244, 10.1038/s41598-018-30552-0
Format: Citation

Title: Author Correction: Allogenic and Autogenic Signals in the Stratigraphic Record of the Deep-Sea Bengal Fan..
Creator: Blum, Mike, Rogers, Kimberly, Gleason, James, Najman, Yani, Cruz, Jarrett, Fox, Lyndsey
Abstract/Description: A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Date Issued: 2018-08-10
Identifier: FSU_pmch_30097596, 10.1038/s41598-018-30160-y, PMC6086899, 30097596, 30097596, 10.1038/s41598-018-30160-y
Format: Citation

Title: Venom Complexity in a Pitviper Produced by Facultative Parthenogenesis.
Creator: Calvete, J J, Casewell, N R, Hernández-Guzmán, U, Quesada-Bernat, S, Sanz, L, Rokyta, D R, Storey, D, Albulescu, L-O, Wüster, W, Smith, C F, Schuett, G W, Booth, W
Abstract/Description: Facultative parthenogenesis (FP) is asexual reproduction in plant and animal species that would otherwise reproduce sexually. This process in vertebrates typically results from automictic development (likely terminal fusion) and is phylogenetically widespread. In squamate reptiles and chondrichthyan fishes, FP has been reported to occur in nature and can result in the production of reproductively viable offspring; suggesting that it is of ecological and evolutionary significance. However,...
Show moreFacultative parthenogenesis (FP) is asexual reproduction in plant and animal species that would otherwise reproduce sexually. This process in vertebrates typically results from automictic development (likely terminal fusion) and is phylogenetically widespread. In squamate reptiles and chondrichthyan fishes, FP has been reported to occur in nature and can result in the production of reproductively viable offspring; suggesting that it is of ecological and evolutionary significance. However, terminal fusion automixis is believed to result in near genome-wide reductions in heterozygosity; thus, FP seems likely to affect key phenotypic characters, yet this remains almost completely unstudied. Snake venom is a complex phenotypic character primarily used to subjugate prey and is thus tightly linked to individual fitness. Surprisingly, the composition and function of venom produced by a parthenogenetic pitviper exhibits a high degree of similarity to that of its mother and conspecifics from the same population. Therefore, the apparent loss of allelic diversity caused by FP appears unlikely to have a significant impact on the prey-capturing ability of this snake. Accordingly, the pitviper offspring produced by FP retained complex phenotypic characteristics associated with fitness. This result reinforces the potential ecological and evolutionary importance of FP and questions our understanding of the inheritance of venom-associated genes.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_30068934, 10.1038/s41598-018-29791-y, PMC6070573, 30068934, 30068934, 10.1038/s41598-018-29791-y
Format: Citation

Title: Allogenic and Autogenic Signals in the Stratigraphic Record of the Deep-Sea Bengal Fan.
Creator: Blum, Mike, Rogers, Kimberly, Gleason, James, Najman, Yani, Cruz, Jarrett, Fox, Lyndsey
Abstract/Description: The Himalayan-sourced Ganges-Brahmaputra river system and the deep-sea Bengal Fan represent Earth's largest sediment-dispersal system. Here we present detrital zircon U-Pb provenance data from Miocene to middle Pleistocene Bengal Fan turbidites, and evaluate the influence of allogenic forcing vs. autogenic processes on signal propagation from the Himalaya to the deep sea. Our data record the strong tectonic and climatic forcing characteristic of the Himalayan system: after up to 2500 km of...
Show moreThe Himalayan-sourced Ganges-Brahmaputra river system and the deep-sea Bengal Fan represent Earth's largest sediment-dispersal system. Here we present detrital zircon U-Pb provenance data from Miocene to middle Pleistocene Bengal Fan turbidites, and evaluate the influence of allogenic forcing vs. autogenic processes on signal propagation from the Himalaya to the deep sea. Our data record the strong tectonic and climatic forcing characteristic of the Himalayan system: after up to 2500 km of river transport, and >1400 km of transport by turbidity currents, the U-Pb record faithfully represents Himalayan sources. Moreover, specific U-Pb populations record Miocene integration of the Brahmaputra drainage with the Asian plate, as well as the rapid Plio-Pleistocene incision through, and exhumation of, the eastern Himalayan syntaxis. The record is, however, biased towards glacial periods when rivers were extended across the shelf in response to climate-forced sea-level fall, and discharged directly to slope canyons. Finally, only part of the record represents a Ganges or Brahmaputra provenance end-member, and most samples represent mixing from the two systems. Mixing or the lack thereof likely represents the fingerprint of autogenic delta-plain avulsions, which result in the two rivers delivering sediment separately to a shelf-margin canyon or merging together as they do today.
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Date Issued: 2018-05-22
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29789592, 10.1038/s41598-018-25819-5, PMC5964172, 29789592, 29789592, 10.1038/s41598-018-25819-5
Format: Citation

Title: Decadal surface temperature trends in India based on a new high-resolution data set.
Creator: Ross, Robert S, Krishnamurti, T N, Pattnaik, Sandeep, Pai, D S
Abstract/Description: A new comprehensive surface temperature data set for India is used to document changes in Indian temperature over seven decades, in order to examine the patterns and possible effects of global warming. The data set is subdivided into pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon categories in order to study the temperature patterns in each of these periods. When the decade means in maximum, minimum and daily mean temperature for the 2000s are compared to those of the 1950s, a consistent pattern of...
Show moreA new comprehensive surface temperature data set for India is used to document changes in Indian temperature over seven decades, in order to examine the patterns and possible effects of global warming. The data set is subdivided into pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon categories in order to study the temperature patterns in each of these periods. When the decade means in maximum, minimum and daily mean temperature for the 2000s are compared to those of the 1950s, a consistent pattern of warming is found over northwestern and southern India, and a pattern of cooling is seen in a broad zone anchored over northeastern India and extending southwestward across central India. These patterns are explained by the presence of a large region of anthropogenic brown haze over India and adjacent ocean regions. These aerosols absorb solar radiation, leading to warming of the haze layer over northeastern and central India and to cooling of the surface air beneath. The heated air rises and then sinks to the north and south of the haze region over northwestern and southern India, warming the air by compression as it sinks in those regions. The possible impact of these temperature patterns on Indian agriculture is considered.
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Date Issued: 2018-05-10
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29748548, 10.1038/s41598-018-25347-2, PMC5945614, 29748548, 29748548, 10.1038/s41598-018-25347-2
Format: Citation

Title: Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of Patchy Particles Illuminates Diverse Effects of Regulatory Components on Protein Droplet Formation.
Creator: Nguemaha, Valery, Zhou, Huan-Xiang
Abstract/Description: Recently many cellular functions have been associated with membraneless organelles, or protein droplets, formed by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). Proteins in these droplets often contain RNA-binding domains, but the effects of RNA on LLPS have been controversial. To gain better understanding on the roles of RNA and other macromolecular regulators, here we used Gibbs-ensemble simulations to determine phase diagrams of two-component patchy particles, as models for mixtures of proteins...
Show moreRecently many cellular functions have been associated with membraneless organelles, or protein droplets, formed by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). Proteins in these droplets often contain RNA-binding domains, but the effects of RNA on LLPS have been controversial. To gain better understanding on the roles of RNA and other macromolecular regulators, here we used Gibbs-ensemble simulations to determine phase diagrams of two-component patchy particles, as models for mixtures of proteins with regulatory components. Protein-like particles have four patches, with attraction strength ε; regulatory particles experience mutual steric repulsion but have two attractive patches toward proteins, with the strength ε tunable. At low ε, the regulator, due to steric repulsion, preferentially partitions in the dispersed phase, thereby displacing the protein into the droplet phase and promoting LLPS. At moderate ε, the regulator starts to partition and displace the protein in the droplet phase, but only to weaken bonding networks and thereby suppress LLPS. At ε > ε, the enhanced bonding ability of the regulator initially promotes LLPS, but at higher amounts, the resulting displacement of the protein suppresses LLPS. These results illustrate how RNA can have disparate effects on LLPS, thus able to perform diverse functions in different organelles.
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Date Issued: 2018-04-30
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29712961, 10.1038/s41598-018-25132-1, PMC5928213, 29712961, 29712961, 10.1038/s41598-018-25132-1
Format: Citation

Title: Genetic homogeneity of the invasive lionfish across the Northwestern Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico based on Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms.
Creator: Pérez-Portela, R, Bumford, A, Coffman, B, Wedelich, S, Davenport, M, Fogg, A, Swenarton, M K, Coleman, F, Johnston, M A, Crawford, D L, Oleksiak, M F
Abstract/Description: Despite the devastating impact of the lionfish (Pterois volitans) invasion on NW Atlantic ecosystems, little genetic information about the invasion process is available. We applied Genotyping by Sequencing techniques to identify 1,220 single nucleotide polymorphic sites (SNPs) from 162 lionfish samples collected between 2013 and 2015 from two areas chronologically identified as the first and last invaded areas in US waters: the east coast of Florida and the Gulf of Mexico. We used population...
Show moreDespite the devastating impact of the lionfish (Pterois volitans) invasion on NW Atlantic ecosystems, little genetic information about the invasion process is available. We applied Genotyping by Sequencing techniques to identify 1,220 single nucleotide polymorphic sites (SNPs) from 162 lionfish samples collected between 2013 and 2015 from two areas chronologically identified as the first and last invaded areas in US waters: the east coast of Florida and the Gulf of Mexico. We used population genomic analyses, including phylogenetic reconstruction, Bayesian clustering, genetic distances, Discriminant Analyses of Principal Components, and coalescence simulations for detection of outlier SNPs, to understand genetic trends relevant to the lionfish's long-term persistence. We found no significant differences in genetic structure or diversity between the two areas (F p-values > 0.01, and t-test p-values > 0.05). In fact, our genomic analyses showed genetic homogeneity, with enough gene flow between the east coast of Florida and Gulf of Mexico to erase previous signals of genetic divergence detected between these areas, secondary spreading, and bottlenecks in the Gulf of Mexico. These findings suggest rapid genetic changes over space and time during the invasion, resulting in one panmictic population with no signs of divergence between areas due to local adaptation.
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Date Issued: 2018-03-22
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29567984, 10.1038/s41598-018-23339-w, PMC5864727, 29567984, 29567984, 10.1038/s41598-018-23339-w
Format: Citation

Title: Evidence from EXAFS for Different Ta/Ti Site Occupancy in High Critical Current Density NbSn Superconductor Wires.
Creator: Heald, Steve M, Tarantini, Chiara, Lee, Peter J, Brown, Michael D, Sung, ZuHawn, Ghosh, Arup K, Larbalestier, David C
Abstract/Description: To meet critical current density, J , targets for the Future Circular Collider (FCC), the planned replacement for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the high field performance of NbSn must be improved, but champion J values have remained static for the last 10 years. Making the A15 phase stoichiometric and enhancing the upper critical field H by Ti or Ta dopants are the standard strategies for enhancing high field performance but detailed recent studies show that even the best modern wires have...
Show moreTo meet critical current density, J , targets for the Future Circular Collider (FCC), the planned replacement for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the high field performance of NbSn must be improved, but champion J values have remained static for the last 10 years. Making the A15 phase stoichiometric and enhancing the upper critical field H by Ti or Ta dopants are the standard strategies for enhancing high field performance but detailed recent studies show that even the best modern wires have broad composition ranges. To assess whether further improvement might be possible, we employed Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) to determine the lattice site location of dopants in modern high-performance NbSn strands with J values amongst the best so far achieved. Although Ti and Ta primarily occupy the Nb sites in the A15 structure, we also find significant Ta occupancy on the Sn site. These findings indicate that the best performing Ti-doped stand is strongly sub-stoichiometric in Sn and that antisite disorder likely explains its high average H behavior. These new results suggest an important role for dopant and antisite disorder in minimizing superconducting property distributions and maximizing high field J properties.
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Date Issued: 2018-03-19
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29555921, 10.1038/s41598-018-22924-3, PMC5859093, 29555921, 29555921, 10.1038/s41598-018-22924-3
Format: Citation

Title: Identification of biochemical and cytotoxic markers in cocaine treated PC12 cells.
Creator: Badisa, Ramesh B, Batton, Chyree S, Mazzio, Elizabeth, Grant, Samuel C, Goodman, Carl B
Abstract/Description: Cocaine is one of the powerful addictive drugs, widely abused in most Western countries. Because of high lipophilic nature, cocaine easily reaches various domains of the central nervous system (CNS) and triggers different levels of cellular toxicity. The aim of this investigation was to reproduce cocaine toxicity in differentiated PC12 cells through quantitative knowledge on biochemical and cytotoxicity markers. We differentiated the cells with 0.1 μg/ml nerve growth factor (NGF) for 5 days,...
Show moreCocaine is one of the powerful addictive drugs, widely abused in most Western countries. Because of high lipophilic nature, cocaine easily reaches various domains of the central nervous system (CNS) and triggers different levels of cellular toxicity. The aim of this investigation was to reproduce cocaine toxicity in differentiated PC12 cells through quantitative knowledge on biochemical and cytotoxicity markers. We differentiated the cells with 0.1 μg/ml nerve growth factor (NGF) for 5 days, followed by treatment with cocaine for 48 h at in vivo and in vitro concentrations. Results indicated that cocaine at in vivo concentrations neither killed the cells nor altered the morphology, but decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential that paralleled with increased lactate and glutathione (GSH) levels. On the other hand, cocaine at in vitro concentrations damaged the neurites and caused cell death, which corresponded with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, plasma membrane damage, and GSH depletion with no detectable nitric oxide (NO) level. While direct understanding of cocaine and cell interaction under in vivo animal models is impeded due to high complexity, our present in vitro results assisted in understanding the onset of some key events of neurodegenerative diseases in cocaine treated neuronal cells.
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Date Issued: 2018-02-09
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29426863, 10.1038/s41598-018-21182-7, PMC5807423, 29426863, 29426863, 10.1038/s41598-018-21182-7
Format: Citation

Title: Single crystal elasticity of natural topaz at high-temperatures.
Creator: Tennakoon, Sumudu, Peng, Ye, Mookherjee, Mainak, Speziale, Sergio, Manthilake, Geeth, Besara, Tiglet, Andreu, Luis, Rivera, Fernando
Abstract/Description: Topaz is an aluminosilicate mineral phase stable in the hydrothermally altered pegmatitic rocks and also in subducted sedimentary lithologies. In nature, topaz often exhibits solid solution between fluorine and hydrous end members. We investigated elasticity of naturally occurring single crystal topaz (AlSiOF(OH)) using Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy. We also explored the temperature dependence of the full elastic constant tensor. We find that among the various minerals stable in the AlO...
Show moreTopaz is an aluminosilicate mineral phase stable in the hydrothermally altered pegmatitic rocks and also in subducted sedimentary lithologies. In nature, topaz often exhibits solid solution between fluorine and hydrous end members. We investigated elasticity of naturally occurring single crystal topaz (AlSiOF(OH)) using Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy. We also explored the temperature dependence of the full elastic constant tensor. We find that among the various minerals stable in the AlO-SiO-HO ternary system, topaz exhibits moderate elastic anisotropy. As a function of temperature, the sound velocity of topaz decreases with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] being -3.10 and -2.30 × 10 km/s/K. The elasticity and sound velocity of topaz also vary as a function of OH and F content. The effect of composition ([Formula: see text]) on the velocity is equally important as that of the effect of temperature. We also note that the Debye temperature ([Formula: see text]) of topaz at room temperature condition is 910 K and decreases at higher temperature. The Debye temperature shows positive correlation with density of the mineral phases in the AlO-SiO-HO ternary system.
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Date Issued: 2018-01-22
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29358663, 10.1038/s41598-017-17856-3, PMC5778148, 29358663, 29358663, 10.1038/s41598-017-17856-3
Format: Citation

Title: Synchrotron-generated microbeams induce hippocampal transections in rats.
Creator: Fardone, Erminia, Pouyatos, Benoît, Bräuer-Krisch, Elke, Bartzsch, Stefan, Mathieu, Hervè, Requardt, Herwig, Bucci, Domenico, Barbone, Giacomo, Coan, Paola, Battaglia, Giuseppe,...
Show moreFardone, Erminia, Pouyatos, Benoît, Bräuer-Krisch, Elke, Bartzsch, Stefan, Mathieu, Hervè, Requardt, Herwig, Bucci, Domenico, Barbone, Giacomo, Coan, Paola, Battaglia, Giuseppe, Le Duc, Geraldine, Bravin, Alberto, Romanelli, Pantaleo
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Abstract/Description: Synchrotron-generated microplanar beams (microbeams) provide the most stereo-selective irradiation modality known today. This novel irradiation modality has been shown to control seizures originating from eloquent cortex causing no neurological deficit in experimental animals. To test the hypothesis that application of microbeams in the hippocampus, the most common source of refractory seizures, is safe and does not induce severe side effects, we used microbeams to induce transections to the...
Show moreSynchrotron-generated microplanar beams (microbeams) provide the most stereo-selective irradiation modality known today. This novel irradiation modality has been shown to control seizures originating from eloquent cortex causing no neurological deficit in experimental animals. To test the hypothesis that application of microbeams in the hippocampus, the most common source of refractory seizures, is safe and does not induce severe side effects, we used microbeams to induce transections to the hippocampus of healthy rats. An array of parallel microbeams carrying an incident dose of 600 Gy was delivered to the rat hippocampus. Immunohistochemistry of phosphorylated γ-H2AX showed cell death along the microbeam irradiation paths in rats 48 hours after irradiation. No evident behavioral or neurological deficits were observed during the 3-month period of observation. MR imaging showed no signs of radio-induced edema or radionecrosis 3 months after irradiation. Histological analysis showed a very well preserved hippocampal cytoarchitecture and confirmed the presence of clear-cut microscopic transections across the hippocampus. These data support the use of synchrotron-generated microbeams as a novel tool to slice the hippocampus of living rats in a minimally invasive way, providing (i) a novel experimental model to study hippocampal function and (ii) a new treatment tool for patients affected by refractory epilepsy induced by mesial temporal sclerosis.
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Date Issued: 2018-01-09
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29317649, 10.1038/s41598-017-18000-x, PMC5760574, 29317649, 29317649, 10.1038/s41598-017-18000-x
Format: Citation

Title: Design and Synthesis of an Artificial Perpendicular Hard Ferrimagnet with High Thermal and Magnetic Field Stabilities.
Creator: Lu, Jun, Mao, Siwei, Zhao, Xupeng, Wang, Xiaolei, Liu, Jian, Xia, Jianbai, Xiong, Peng, Zhao, Jianhua
Abstract/Description: It is of great fundamental and practical interest to develop effective means of modulating the magnetic hystereses of magnetic materials and their heterostructures. A notable example is the exchange bias (EB) effect between an antiferromagnet or ferrimagnet and a ferromagnet, which has been widely employed to manipulate magnetic anisotropy in spintronic devices and artificial magnets. Here, we report the design, synthesis and characterization of a synthetic perpendicularly-magnetized...
Show moreIt is of great fundamental and practical interest to develop effective means of modulating the magnetic hystereses of magnetic materials and their heterostructures. A notable example is the exchange bias (EB) effect between an antiferromagnet or ferrimagnet and a ferromagnet, which has been widely employed to manipulate magnetic anisotropy in spintronic devices and artificial magnets. Here, we report the design, synthesis and characterization of a synthetic perpendicularly-magnetized ferrimagnet based on [MnGa/CoMnSi] superlattices, which attains thermal stability above 400 K and a coercive field up to 45 kOe through a mechanism of magnetic compensation. The structure is incorporated into a prototype Heusler alloy and MgO barrier based magnetic tunnel junction, which demonstrates high dynamic range linear field responses and an unusual in-plane EB effect. With increasing temperature, the coercive field reaches beyond 70 kOe at 400 K in this device due to the increasing degree of magnetic moment compensation in the superlattice. The results demonstrate that the compensation mechanism can be utilized to achieve simultaneous thermal robustness and high coercivity in realistic spintronic devices.
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Date Issued: 2017-12-05
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29208959, 10.1038/s41598-017-16761-z, PMC5717302, 29208959, 29208959, 10.1038/s41598-017-16761-z
Format: Citation

Title: The repeat region of cortactin is intrinsically disordered in solution.
Creator: Li, Xiaofeng, Tao, Yeqing, Murphy, James W, Scherer, Alexander N, Lam, TuKiet T, Marshall, Alan G, Koleske, Anthony J, Boggon, Titus J
Abstract/Description: The multi-domain protein, cortactin, contains a 37-residue repeating motif that binds to actin filaments. This cortactin repeat region comprises 6½ similar copies of the motif and binds actin filaments. To better understand this region of cortactin, and its fold, we conducted extensive biophysical analysis. Size exclusion chromatography with multi-angle light scattering (SEC-MALS) reveals that neither constructs of the cortactin repeats alone or together with the adjacent helical region homo...
Show moreThe multi-domain protein, cortactin, contains a 37-residue repeating motif that binds to actin filaments. This cortactin repeat region comprises 6½ similar copies of the motif and binds actin filaments. To better understand this region of cortactin, and its fold, we conducted extensive biophysical analysis. Size exclusion chromatography with multi-angle light scattering (SEC-MALS) reveals that neither constructs of the cortactin repeats alone or together with the adjacent helical region homo-oligomerize. Using circular dichroism (CD) we find that in solution the cortactin repeats resemble a coil-like intrinsically disordered protein. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) also indicates that the cortactin repeats are intrinsically unfolded, and the experimentally observed radius of gyration (R ) is coincidental to that calculated by the program Flexible-Meccano for an unfolded peptide of this length. Finally, hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) indicates that the domain contains limited hydrophobic core regions. These experiments therefore provide evidence that in solution the cortactin repeat region of cortactin is intrinsically disordered.
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Date Issued: 2017-12-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29196701, 10.1038/s41598-017-16959-1, PMC5711941, 29196701, 29196701, 10.1038/s41598-017-16959-1
Format: Citation

Title: Rat sensorimotor cortex tolerance to parallel transections induced by synchrotron-generated X-ray microbeams.
Creator: Fardone, Erminia, Bravin, Alberto, Conti, Alfredo, Bräuer-Krisch, Elke, Requardt, Herwig, Bucci, Domenico, Le Duc, Geraldine, Battaglia, Giuseppe, Romanelli, Pantaleo
Abstract/Description: Microbeam radiation therapy is a novel preclinical technique, which uses synchrotron-generated X-rays for the treatment of brain tumours and drug-resistant epilepsies. In order to safely translate this approach to humans, a more in-depth knowledge of the long-term radiobiology of microbeams in healthy tissues is required. We report here the result of the characterization of the rat sensorimotor cortex tolerance to microradiosurgical parallel transections. Healthy adult male Wistar rats...
Show moreMicrobeam radiation therapy is a novel preclinical technique, which uses synchrotron-generated X-rays for the treatment of brain tumours and drug-resistant epilepsies. In order to safely translate this approach to humans, a more in-depth knowledge of the long-term radiobiology of microbeams in healthy tissues is required. We report here the result of the characterization of the rat sensorimotor cortex tolerance to microradiosurgical parallel transections. Healthy adult male Wistar rats underwent irradiation with arrays of parallel microbeams. Beam thickness, spacing and incident dose were 100 or 600 µm, 400 or 1200 µm and 360 or 150 Gy, respectively. Motor performance was carried over a 3-month period. Three months after irradiation rats were sacrificed to evaluate the effects of irradiation on brain tissues by histology and immunohistochemistry. Microbeam irradiation of sensorimotor cortex did not affect weight gain and motor performance. No gross signs of paralysis or paresis were also observed. The cortical architecture was not altered, despite the presence of cell death along the irradiation path. Reactive gliosis was evident in the microbeam path of rats irradiated with 150 Gy, whereas no increase was observed in rats irradiated with 360 Gy.
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Date Issued: 2017-10-30
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29085040, 10.1038/s41598-017-14757-3, PMC5662592, 29085040, 29085040, 10.1038/s41598-017-14757-3
Format: Citation

Title: Lateral Boundary of Cirrus Cloud from CALIPSO Observations.
Creator: Fu, Yunfei, Chen, Yilun, Li, Rui, Qin, Fang, Xian, Tao, Yu, Lu, Zhang, Aoqi, Liu, Guosheng, Zhang, Xiangdong
Abstract/Description: Due to the thinness and small scale of cirrus clouds, its lateral boundary may be missed by conventional passive remote-sensing techniques and climate models. Here, using satellite observations in June-August from 2006 to 2011, a global dataset for the cirrus cloud lateral boundary (CCLB) was established. The results indicate that the optical properties, such as the lidar backscatter, the depolarization ratio and the optical depth, sharply decrease from cloudy regions to clear-sky regions....
Show moreDue to the thinness and small scale of cirrus clouds, its lateral boundary may be missed by conventional passive remote-sensing techniques and climate models. Here, using satellite observations in June-August from 2006 to 2011, a global dataset for the cirrus cloud lateral boundary (CCLB) was established. The results indicate that the optical properties, such as the lidar backscatter, the depolarization ratio and the optical depth, sharply decrease from cloudy regions to clear-sky regions. There are significant regional differences in optical properties and height and thickness of the CCLB. Based on a quantitative estimation, the strongest longwave warming effects (>0.3 W m) are found near the Equator and over tropical continents. The global average longwave warming effect of the CCLB is at least 0.07 W m, which is much larger than some of the radiative forcings considered in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports. Specifically, the CCLB in traditional "clear-sky" region may be totally missed by current models and IPCC reports, which contributes 28.25% (~0.02 W m) of the whole CCLB radiative effect, twice greater than contrail effect. It is recommended that the CCLB effect should be taken account in future climate models and the next IPCC reports.
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Date Issued: 2017-10-27
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29079857, 10.1038/s41598-017-14665-6, PMC5660203, 29079857, 29079857, 10.1038/s41598-017-14665-6
Format: Citation

Title: Cell-cell communication enhances bacterial chemotaxis toward external attractants.
Creator: Long, Zhicheng, Quaife, Bryan, Salman, Hanna, Oltvai, Zoltán N
Abstract/Description: Bacteria are able to coordinate their movement, growth and biochemical activities through cell-cell communication. While the biophysical mechanism of bacterial chemotaxis has been well understood in individual cells, the role of communication in the chemotaxis of bacterial populations is not clear. Here we report experimental evidence for cell-cell communication that significantly enhances the chemotactic migration of bacterial populations, a finding that we further substantiate using...
Show moreBacteria are able to coordinate their movement, growth and biochemical activities through cell-cell communication. While the biophysical mechanism of bacterial chemotaxis has been well understood in individual cells, the role of communication in the chemotaxis of bacterial populations is not clear. Here we report experimental evidence for cell-cell communication that significantly enhances the chemotactic migration of bacterial populations, a finding that we further substantiate using numerical simulations. Using a microfluidic approach, we find that E. coli cells respond to the gradient of chemoattractant not only by biasing their own random-walk swimming pattern through the well-understood intracellular chemotaxis signaling, but also by actively secreting a chemical signal into the extracellular medium, possibly through a hitherto unknown communication signal transduction pathway. This extracellular signaling molecule is a strong chemoattractant that attracts distant cells to the food source. The observed behavior may represent a common evolved solution to accelerate the function of biochemical networks of interacting cells.
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Date Issued: 2017-10-09
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28993669, 10.1038/s41598-017-13183-9, PMC5634484, 28993669, 28993669, 10.1038/s41598-017-13183-9
Format: Citation

Title: The phosphorylation of a kinetochore protein Dam1 by Aurora B/Ipl1 kinase promotes chromosome bipolar attachment in yeast.
Creator: Jin, Fengzhi, Bokros, Michael, Wang, Yanchang
Abstract/Description: The interaction between chromosomes and spindle microtubules is essential for chromosome segregation. The kinetochore complex mediates this interaction. Previous studies indicate that the stability of kinetochore attachment is regulated by Aurora B/Ipl1 kinase and this regulation is conserved from yeast to mammalian cells. In budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the ten-subunit Dam1/DASH complex bridges the interaction between kinetochores and microtubules, and some in vitro evidence...
Show moreThe interaction between chromosomes and spindle microtubules is essential for chromosome segregation. The kinetochore complex mediates this interaction. Previous studies indicate that the stability of kinetochore attachment is regulated by Aurora B/Ipl1 kinase and this regulation is conserved from yeast to mammalian cells. In budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the ten-subunit Dam1/DASH complex bridges the interaction between kinetochores and microtubules, and some in vitro evidence indicates that the phosphorylation of Dam1 protein by Ipl1 kinase destabilizes this interaction. However, it is not clear if Dam1 phosphorylation is sufficient to regulate the stability of kinetochore attachment in vivo. Also, the significance of this regulation in response to chromosome detachment has not been fully investigated. Here we report that phospho-deficient dam1-3A mutants show stabilized kinetochore-microtubule attachment in vivo. This significantly delays the establishment of chromosome bipolar attachment after the disruption of kinetochore-microtubule interaction by a microtubule depolymerizing drug nocodazole. Moreover, dam1-3A cells show dramatic chromosome mis-segregation after treatment with nocodazole, presumably due to the combination of compromised bipolar attachment and premature spindle assembly checkpoint silencing in the mutant cells. Therefore, the regulation of Dam1 phosphorylation imposed by Ipl1 kinase is critical for faithful chromosome segregation.
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Date Issued: 2017-09-19
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28928489, 10.1038/s41598-017-12329-z, PMC5605499, 28928489, 28928489, 10.1038/s41598-017-12329-z
Format: Citation

Title: Perinatal Malnutrition Leads to Sexually Dimorphic Behavioral Responses with Associated Epigenetic Changes in the Mouse Brain.
Creator: Nätt, Daniel, Barchiesi, Riccardo, Murad, Josef, Feng, Jian, Nestler, Eric J, Champagne, Frances A, Thorsell, Annika
Abstract/Description: Childhood malnutrition is a risk factor for mental disorders, such as major depression and anxiety. Evidence shows that similar early life adversities induce sex-dependent epigenetic reprogramming. However, little is known about how genes are specifically affected by early malnutrition and the implications for males and females respectively. One relevant target is neuropeptide Y (NPY), which regulates both stress and food-intake. We studied maternal low protein diet (LPD) during pregnancy...
Show moreChildhood malnutrition is a risk factor for mental disorders, such as major depression and anxiety. Evidence shows that similar early life adversities induce sex-dependent epigenetic reprogramming. However, little is known about how genes are specifically affected by early malnutrition and the implications for males and females respectively. One relevant target is neuropeptide Y (NPY), which regulates both stress and food-intake. We studied maternal low protein diet (LPD) during pregnancy/lactation in mice. Male, but not female, offspring of LPD mothers consistently displayed anxiety- and depression-like behaviors under acute stress. Transcriptome-wide analysis of the effects of acute stress in the amygdala, revealed a list of transcription factors affected by either sex or perinatal LPD. Among these immediate early genes (IEG), members of the Early growth response family (Egr1/2/4) were consistently upregulated by perinatal LPD in both sexes. EGR1 also bound the NPY receptor Y1 gene (Npy1r), which co-occurred with sex-specific effects of perinatal LPD on both Npy1r DNA-methylation and gene transcription. Our proposed pathway connecting early malnutrition, sex-independent regulatory changes in Egr1, and sex-specific epigenetic reprogramming of its effector gene, Npy1r, represents the first molecular evidence of how early life risk factors may generate sex-specific epigenetic effects relevant for mental disorders.
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Date Issued: 2017-09-11
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28894112, 10.1038/s41598-017-10803-2, PMC5593991, 28894112, 28894112, 10.1038/s41598-017-10803-2
Format: Citation

Title: Origin of the emergence of higher T than bulk in iron chalcogenide thin films.
Creator: Seo, Sehun, Kang, Jong-Hoon, Oh, Myeong Jun, Jeong, Il-Seok, Jiang, Jianyi, Gu, Genda, Lee, Jung-Woo, Lee, Jongmin, Noh, Heesung, Liu, Mengchao, Gao, Peng, Hellstrom, Eric E,...
Show moreSeo, Sehun, Kang, Jong-Hoon, Oh, Myeong Jun, Jeong, Il-Seok, Jiang, Jianyi, Gu, Genda, Lee, Jung-Woo, Lee, Jongmin, Noh, Heesung, Liu, Mengchao, Gao, Peng, Hellstrom, Eric E, Lee, Joo-Hyoung, Jo, Youn Jung, Eom, Chang-Beom, Lee, Sanghan
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Abstract/Description: Fabrication of epitaxial FeSeTe thin films using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) enables improving their superconducting transition temperature (T ) by more than ~40% than their bulk T . Intriguingly, T enhancement in FeSeTe thin films has been observed on various substrates and with different Se content, x. To date, various mechanisms for T enhancement have been reported, but they remain controversial in universally explaining the T improvement in the FeSeTe films. In this report, we...
Show moreFabrication of epitaxial FeSeTe thin films using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) enables improving their superconducting transition temperature (T ) by more than ~40% than their bulk T . Intriguingly, T enhancement in FeSeTe thin films has been observed on various substrates and with different Se content, x. To date, various mechanisms for T enhancement have been reported, but they remain controversial in universally explaining the T improvement in the FeSeTe films. In this report, we demonstrate that the controversies over the mechanism of T enhancement are due to the abnormal changes in the chalcogen ratio (Se:Te) during the film growth and that the previously reported T enhancement in FeSeTe thin films is caused by a remarkable increase of Se content. Although our FeSeTe thin films were fabricated via PLD using a FeSeTe target, the precisely measured composition indicates a Se-rich FeSeTe (0.6 < x < 0.8) as ascertained through accurate compositional analysis by both wavelength dispersive spectroscopy (WDS) and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). We suggest that the origin of the abnormal composition change is the difference in the thermodynamic properties of ternary FeSeTe, based on first principle calculations.
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Date Issued: 2017-08-30
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28855591, 10.1038/s41598-017-10383-1, PMC5577040, 28855591, 28855591, 10.1038/s41598-017-10383-1
Format: Citation

Title: Aurora A Phosphorylation of YY1 during Mitosis Inactivates its DNA Binding Activity.
Creator: Alexander, Karen E, Rizkallah, Raed
Abstract/Description: Successful execution of mitotic cell division requires the tight synchronisation of numerous biochemical pathways. The underlying mechanisms that govern chromosome segregation have been thoroughly investigated. However, the mechanisms that regulate transcription factors in coordination with mitotic progression remain poorly understood. In this report, we identify the transcription factor YY1 as a novel mitotic substrate for the Aurora A kinase, a key regulator of critical mitotic events, like...
Show moreSuccessful execution of mitotic cell division requires the tight synchronisation of numerous biochemical pathways. The underlying mechanisms that govern chromosome segregation have been thoroughly investigated. However, the mechanisms that regulate transcription factors in coordination with mitotic progression remain poorly understood. In this report, we identify the transcription factor YY1 as a novel mitotic substrate for the Aurora A kinase, a key regulator of critical mitotic events, like centrosome maturation and spindle formation. Using in vitro kinase assays, we show that Aurora A directly phosphorylates YY1 at serine 365 in the DNA-binding domain. Using a new phospho-specific antibody, we show that YY1 phosphorylation at serine 365 occurs during mitosis, and that this phosphorylation is significantly reduced upon inhibition of Aurora A. Furthermore, we show, using electrophoretic mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, that phosphorylation of YY1 at this site abolishes its DNA binding activity in vitro and in vivo. In conformity with this loss of binding activity, phosphorylated YY1 also loses its transctivation ability as demonstrated by a luciferase reporter assay. These results uncover a novel mechanism that implicates Aurora A in the mitotic inactivation of transcription factors.
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Date Issued: 2017-08-30
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28855673, 10.1038/s41598-017-10935-5, PMC5577188, 28855673, 28855673, 10.1038/s41598-017-10935-5
Format: Citation

Title: Increased sporadic extremes decrease the intraseasonal variability in the Indian summer monsoon rainfall.
Creator: Karmakar, Nirupam, Chakraborty, Arindam, Nanjundiah, Ravi S
Abstract/Description: The Indian summer monsoon (ISM) shows quasi-rhythmic intraseasonal oscillations (ISO) manifested as alternate 'active' phases of copious rainfall and quiescent phases of 'break'. Within these periodic phases, the daily rainfall shows large variability and exhibits spatiotemporally sporadic extreme rainfall events. The recent decades have witnessed a significant increase in the number of these extreme rainfall events, especially in the quiescent phases. This increase is accompanied by a...
Show moreThe Indian summer monsoon (ISM) shows quasi-rhythmic intraseasonal oscillations (ISO) manifested as alternate 'active' phases of copious rainfall and quiescent phases of 'break'. Within these periodic phases, the daily rainfall shows large variability and exhibits spatiotemporally sporadic extreme rainfall events. The recent decades have witnessed a significant increase in the number of these extreme rainfall events, especially in the quiescent phases. This increase is accompanied by a decreasing trend in the mean monsoon rainfall and a weakening variance of its low-frequency ISO (LF-ISO) cycle. However, any physical link between this apparent paradox of increased extreme rainfall events and weakened slower-time-scale components is not yet reported. Here, using observations and numerical model simulations, we show that the occurrence of extreme rainfall events, primarily in the break phase of an LF-ISO cycle, reduce the intensity of the following active phase by stabilizing the atmosphere. We found that extreme events in a monsoon break leads to a reduction in the vertical shear of zonal winds and an increase in the static stability of the atmosphere in the following break-to-active transition and active phases. These conditions oppose the initiation and development of an active phase and lessen its intensity. This reduces the LF-ISO intensity and mean ISM rainfall.
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Date Issued: 2017-08-10
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28798361, 10.1038/s41598-017-07529-6, PMC5552763, 28798361, 28798361, 10.1038/s41598-017-07529-6
Format: Citation

Title: J (4.2 K, 31.2 T) beyond 1 kA/mm of a ~3.2 μm thick, 20 mol% Zr-added MOCVD REBCO coated conductor.
Creator: Xu, A, Zhang, Y, Gharahcheshmeh, M Heydari, Yao, Y, Galstyan, E, Abraimov, D, Kametani, F, Polyanskii, A, Jaroszynski, J, Griffin, V, Majkic, G, Larbalestier, D C, Selvamanickam, V
Abstract/Description: A main challenge that significantly impedes REBaCuO (RE = rare earth) coated conductor applications is the low engineering critical current density J because of the low superconductor fill factor in a complicated layered structure that is crucial for REBaCuO to carry supercurrent. Recently, we have successfully achieved engineering critical current density beyond 2.0 kA/mm at 4.2 K and 16 T, by growing thick REBaCuO layer, from ∼1.0 μm up to ∼3.2 μm, as well as controlling the pinning...
Show moreA main challenge that significantly impedes REBaCuO (RE = rare earth) coated conductor applications is the low engineering critical current density J because of the low superconductor fill factor in a complicated layered structure that is crucial for REBaCuO to carry supercurrent. Recently, we have successfully achieved engineering critical current density beyond 2.0 kA/mm at 4.2 K and 16 T, by growing thick REBaCuO layer, from ∼1.0 μm up to ∼3.2 μm, as well as controlling the pinning microstructure. Such high engineering critical current density, the highest value ever observed so far, establishes the essential role of REBaCuO coated conductors for very high field magnet applications. We attribute such excellent performance to the dense c-axis self-assembled BaZrO nanorods, the elimination of large misoriented grains, and the suppression of big second phase particles in this ~3.2 μm thick REBaCuO film.
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Date Issued: 2017-07-31
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28761173, 10.1038/s41598-017-06881-x, PMC5537340, 28761173, 28761173, 10.1038/s41598-017-06881-x
Format: Citation

Title: Integrin β3/Akt signaling contributes to platelet-induced hemangioendothelioma growth.
Creator: Gu, Rui, Sun, Xin, Chi, Yijie, Zhou, Qishuang, Xiang, Hongkai, Bosco, Dale B, Lai, Xinhe, Qin, Caixia, So, Kwok-Fai, Ren, Yi, Chen, Xiao-Ming
Abstract/Description: Hemangioendothelioma (HE) is a type of angiomatous lesions that features endothelial cell proliferation. Understanding the mechanisms orchestrating HE angiogenesis can provide therapeutic insights. It has been shown that platelets can support normal and malignant endothelial cells during angiogenesis. Using the mouse endothelial-derived EOMA cell line as a model of HE, we explored the regulatory effect of platelets. We found that platelets stimulated EOMA proliferation but did not mitigate...
Show moreHemangioendothelioma (HE) is a type of angiomatous lesions that features endothelial cell proliferation. Understanding the mechanisms orchestrating HE angiogenesis can provide therapeutic insights. It has been shown that platelets can support normal and malignant endothelial cells during angiogenesis. Using the mouse endothelial-derived EOMA cell line as a model of HE, we explored the regulatory effect of platelets. We found that platelets stimulated EOMA proliferation but did not mitigate apoptosis. Furthermore, direct platelet-EOMA cell contact was required and the proliferation was mediated via integrin β3/Akt signaling in EOMA cells. SiRNA knockdown of integrin β3 and inhibition of Akt activity significantly abolished platelet-induced EOMA cell proliferation in vitro and tumor development in vivo. These results provide a new mechanism by which platelets support HE progression and suggest integrin β3 as a potential target to treat HE.
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Date Issued: 2017-07-25
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28744026, 10.1038/s41598-017-06927-0, PMC5527091, 28744026, 28744026, 10.1038/s41598-017-06927-0
Format: Citation

Title: Population variation in the trophic niche of the Trinidadian guppy from different predation regimes.
Creator: Zandonà, Eugenia, Dalton, Christopher M, El-Sabaawi, Rana W, Howard, Jason L, Marshall, Michael C, Kilham, Susan S, Reznick, David N, Travis, Joseph, Kohler, Tyler J, Flecker,...
Show moreZandonà, Eugenia, Dalton, Christopher M, El-Sabaawi, Rana W, Howard, Jason L, Marshall, Michael C, Kilham, Susan S, Reznick, David N, Travis, Joseph, Kohler, Tyler J, Flecker, Alexander S, Thomas, Steven A, Pringle, Catherine M
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Abstract/Description: Population variation in trophic niche is widespread among organisms and is of increasing interest given its role in both speciation and adaptation to changing environments. Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata) inhabiting stream reaches with different predation regimes have rapidly evolved divergent life history traits. Here, we investigated the effects of both predation and resource availability on guppy trophic niches by evaluating their gut contents, resource standing stocks, and δN...
Show morePopulation variation in trophic niche is widespread among organisms and is of increasing interest given its role in both speciation and adaptation to changing environments. Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata) inhabiting stream reaches with different predation regimes have rapidly evolved divergent life history traits. Here, we investigated the effects of both predation and resource availability on guppy trophic niches by evaluating their gut contents, resource standing stocks, and δN and δC stable isotopes across five streams during the wet season. We found that guppies from low predation (LP) sites had a consistently higher trophic position and proportion of invertebrates in their guts and assimilate less epilithon than guppies from high predation (HP) sites. Higher trophic position was also associated with lower benthic invertebrate availability. Our results suggest that LP guppies could be more efficient invertebrate consumers, possibly as an evolutionary response to greater intraspecific competition for higher quality food. This may be intensified by seasonality, as wet season conditions can alter resource availability, feeding rates, and the intensity of intraspecific competition. Understanding how guppy diets vary among communities is critical to elucidating the role of niche shifts in mediating the link between environmental change and the evolution of life histories.
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Date Issued: 2017-07-18
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28720857, 10.1038/s41598-017-06163-6, PMC5515894, 28720857, 28720857, 10.1038/s41598-017-06163-6
Format: Citation

Title: Defying Dissolution: Discovery of Deep-Sea Scleractinian Coral Reefs in the North Pacific..
Creator: Baco, Amy R, Morgan, Nicole, Roark, E Brendan, Silva, Mauricio, Shamberger, Kathryn E F, Miller, Kelci
Abstract/Description: Deep-sea scleractinian coral reefs are protected ecologically and biologically significant areas that support global fisheries. The absence of observations of deep-sea scleractinian reefs in the Central and Northeast Pacific, combined with the shallow aragonite saturation horizon (ASH) and high carbonate dissolution rates there, fueled the hypothesis that reef formation in the North Pacific was improbable. Despite this, we report the discovery of live scleractinian reefs on six seamounts of...
Show moreDeep-sea scleractinian coral reefs are protected ecologically and biologically significant areas that support global fisheries. The absence of observations of deep-sea scleractinian reefs in the Central and Northeast Pacific, combined with the shallow aragonite saturation horizon (ASH) and high carbonate dissolution rates there, fueled the hypothesis that reef formation in the North Pacific was improbable. Despite this, we report the discovery of live scleractinian reefs on six seamounts of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands and Emperor Seamount Chain at depths of 535-732 m and aragonite saturation state (Ω) values of 0.71-1.33. Although the ASH becomes deeper moving northwest along the chains, the depth distribution of the reefs becomes shallower, suggesting the ASH is having little influence on their distribution. Higher chlorophyll moving to the northwest may partially explain the geographic distribution of the reefs. Principle Components Analysis suggests that currents are also an important factor in their distribution, but neither chlorophyll nor the available current data can explain the unexpected depth distribution. Further environmental data is needed to elucidate the reason for the distribution of these reefs. The discovery of reef-forming scleractinians in this region is of concern because a number of the sites occur on seamounts with active trawl fisheries.
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Date Issued: 2017-07-14
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28710443, 10.1038/s41598-017-05492-w, PMC5511196, 28710443, 28710443, 10.1038/s41598-017-05492-w
Format: Citation

Title: Evidence for rapid weathering response to climatic warming during the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event.
Creator: Them, Theodore R, Gill, Benjamin C, Selby, David, Gröcke, Darren R, Friedman, Richard M, Owens, Jeremy D
Abstract/Description: Chemical weathering consumes atmospheric carbon dioxide through the breakdown of silicate minerals and is thought to stabilize Earth's long-term climate. However, the potential influence of silicate weathering on atmospheric pCO levels on geologically short timescales (10-10 years) remains poorly constrained. Here we focus on the record of a transient interval of severe climatic warming across the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event or T-OAE from an open ocean sedimentary succession from western...
Show moreChemical weathering consumes atmospheric carbon dioxide through the breakdown of silicate minerals and is thought to stabilize Earth's long-term climate. However, the potential influence of silicate weathering on atmospheric pCO levels on geologically short timescales (10-10 years) remains poorly constrained. Here we focus on the record of a transient interval of severe climatic warming across the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event or T-OAE from an open ocean sedimentary succession from western North America. Paired osmium isotope data and numerical modelling results suggest that weathering rates may have increased by 215% and potentially up to 530% compared to the pre-event baseline, which would have resulted in the sequestration of significant amounts of atmospheric CO. This process would have also led to increased delivery of nutrients to the oceans and lakes stimulating bioproductivity and leading to the subsequent development of shallow-water anoxia, the hallmark of the T-OAE. This enhanced bioproductivity and anoxia would have resulted in elevated rates of organic matter burial that would have acted as an additional negative feedback on atmospheric pCO levels. Therefore, the enhanced weathering modulated by initially increased pCO levels would have operated as both a direct and indirect negative feedback to end the T-OAE.
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Date Issued: 2017-07-10
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28694487, 10.1038/s41598-017-05307-y, PMC5504049, 28694487, 28694487, 10.1038/s41598-017-05307-y
Format: Citation

Title: Tumoral expression of drug and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in breast cancer patients of different ethnicities with implications to personalized medicine.
Creator: Li, Yan, Steppi, Albert, Zhou, Yidong, Mao, Feng, Miller, Philip Craig, He, Max M, Zhao, Tingting, Sun, Qiang, Zhang, Jinfeng
Abstract/Description: Drug and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (DXME) play important roles in drug responses and carcinogenesis. Recent studies have found that expression of DXME in cancer cells significantly affects drug clearance and the onset of drug resistance. In this study we compared the expression of DXME in breast tumor tissue samples from patients representing three ethnic groups: Caucasian Americans (CA), African Americans (AA), and Asian Americans (AS). We further combined DXME gene expression data...
Show moreDrug and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (DXME) play important roles in drug responses and carcinogenesis. Recent studies have found that expression of DXME in cancer cells significantly affects drug clearance and the onset of drug resistance. In this study we compared the expression of DXME in breast tumor tissue samples from patients representing three ethnic groups: Caucasian Americans (CA), African Americans (AA), and Asian Americans (AS). We further combined DXME gene expression data with eQTL data from the GTEx project and with allele frequency data from the 1000 Genomes project to identify SNPs that may be associated with differential expression of DXME genes. We identified substantial differences among CA, AA, and AS populations in the expression of DXME genes and in activation of pathways involved in drug metabolism, including those involved in metabolizing chemotherapy drugs that are commonly used in the treatment of breast cancer. These data suggest that differential expression of DXME may associate with health disparities in breast cancer outcomes observed among these three ethnic groups. Our study suggests that development of personalized treatment strategies for breast cancer patients could be improved by considering both germline genotypes and tumor specific mutations and expression profiles related to DXME genes.
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Date Issued: 2017-07-06
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28684774, 10.1038/s41598-017-04250-2, PMC5500564, 28684774, 28684774, 10.1038/s41598-017-04250-2
Format: Citation

Title: Selective mass enhancement close to the quantum critical point in BaFe(As P ).
Creator: Grinenko, V, Iida, K, Kurth, F, Efremov, D V, Drechsler, S-L, Cherniavskii, I, Morozov, I, Hänisch, J, Förster, T, Tarantini, C, Jaroszynski, J, Maiorov, B, Jaime, M, Yamamoto,...
Show moreGrinenko, V, Iida, K, Kurth, F, Efremov, D V, Drechsler, S-L, Cherniavskii, I, Morozov, I, Hänisch, J, Förster, T, Tarantini, C, Jaroszynski, J, Maiorov, B, Jaime, M, Yamamoto, A, Nakamura, I, Fujimoto, R, Hatano, T, Ikuta, H, Hühne, R
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Abstract/Description: A quantum critical point (QCP) is currently being conjectured for the BaFe(As P ) system at the critical value x ≈ 0.3. In the proximity of a QCP, all thermodynamic and transport properties are expected to scale with a single characteristic energy, given by the quantum fluctuations. Such a universal behavior has not, however, been found in the superconducting upper critical field H . Here we report H data for epitaxial thin films extracted from the electrical resistance measured in very...
Show moreA quantum critical point (QCP) is currently being conjectured for the BaFe(As P ) system at the critical value x ≈ 0.3. In the proximity of a QCP, all thermodynamic and transport properties are expected to scale with a single characteristic energy, given by the quantum fluctuations. Such a universal behavior has not, however, been found in the superconducting upper critical field H . Here we report H data for epitaxial thin films extracted from the electrical resistance measured in very high magnetic fields up to 67 Tesla. Using a multi-band analysis we find that H is sensitive to the QCP, implying a significant charge carrier effective mass enhancement at the doping-induced QCP that is essentially band-dependent. Our results point to two qualitatively different groups of electrons in BaFe(As P ). The first one (possibly associated to hot spots or whole Fermi sheets) has a strong mass enhancement at the QCP, and the second one is insensitive to the QCP. The observed duality could also be present in many other quantum critical systems.
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Date Issued: 2017-07-04
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28676703, 10.1038/s41598-017-04724-3, PMC5496881, 28676703, 28676703, 10.1038/s41598-017-04724-3
Format: Citation

Title: Inter-Model Warming Projection Spread: Inherited Traits from Control Climate Diversity..
Creator: Hu, Xiaoming, Taylor, Patrick C, Cai, Ming, Yang, Song, Deng, Yi, Sejas, Sergio
Abstract/Description: Since Chaney's report, the range of global warming projections in response to a doubling of CO-from 1.5 °C to 4.5 °C or greater -remains largely unscathed by the onslaught of new scientific insights. Conventional thinking regards inter-model differences in climate feedbacks as the sole cause of the warming projection spread (WPS). Our findings shed new light on this issue indicating that climate feedbacks inherit diversity from the model control climate, besides the models' intrinsic climate...
Show moreSince Chaney's report, the range of global warming projections in response to a doubling of CO-from 1.5 °C to 4.5 °C or greater -remains largely unscathed by the onslaught of new scientific insights. Conventional thinking regards inter-model differences in climate feedbacks as the sole cause of the warming projection spread (WPS). Our findings shed new light on this issue indicating that climate feedbacks inherit diversity from the model control climate, besides the models' intrinsic climate feedback diversity that is independent of the control climate state. Regulated by the control climate ice coverage, models with greater (lesser) ice coverage generally possess a colder (warmer) and drier (moister) climate, exhibit a stronger (weaker) ice-albedo feedback, and experience greater (weaker) warming. The water vapor feedback also inherits diversity from the control climate but in an opposite way: a colder (warmer) climate generally possesses a weaker (stronger) water vapor feedback, yielding a weaker (stronger) warming. These inherited traits influence the warming response in opposing manners, resulting in a weaker correlation between the WPS and control climate diversity. Our study indicates that a better understanding of the diversity amongst climate model mean states may help to narrow down the range of global warming projections.
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Date Issued: 2017-06-27
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28655902, 10.1038/s41598-017-04623-7, PMC5487336, 28655902, 28655902, 10.1038/s41598-017-04623-7
Format: Citation

Title: Missing magnetism in SrRuO: Indication for Antisymmetric Exchange Interaction..
Creator: Weickert, Franziska, Civale, Leonardo, Maiorov, Boris, Jaime, Marcelo, Salamon, Myron B, Carleschi, Emanuela, Strydom, André M, Fittipaldi, Rosalba, Granata, Veronica, Vecchione...
Show moreWeickert, Franziska, Civale, Leonardo, Maiorov, Boris, Jaime, Marcelo, Salamon, Myron B, Carleschi, Emanuela, Strydom, André M, Fittipaldi, Rosalba, Granata, Veronica, Vecchione, Antonio
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Abstract/Description: Metamagnetism occuring inside a ferromagnetic phase is peculiar. Therefore, SrRuO, a T = 105 K ferromagnet, has attracted much attention in recent years, because it develops a pronounced metamagnetic anomaly below T for magnetic fields applied in the crystallographic ab-plane. The metamagnetic transition moves to higher fields for lower temperatures and splits into a double anomaly at critical fields H = 2.3 T and H = 2.8 T, respectively. Here, we report a detailed study of the different...
Show moreMetamagnetism occuring inside a ferromagnetic phase is peculiar. Therefore, SrRuO, a T = 105 K ferromagnet, has attracted much attention in recent years, because it develops a pronounced metamagnetic anomaly below T for magnetic fields applied in the crystallographic ab-plane. The metamagnetic transition moves to higher fields for lower temperatures and splits into a double anomaly at critical fields H = 2.3 T and H = 2.8 T, respectively. Here, we report a detailed study of the different components of the magnetization vector as a function of temperature, applied magnetic field, and varying angle in SrRuO. We discover for the first time a reduction of the magnetic moment in the plane of rotation at the metamagnetic transition. The anomaly shifts to higher fields by rotating the field from H ⊥ c to H || c. We compare our experimental findings with numerical simulations based on spin reorientation models taking into account magnetocrystalline anisotropy, Zeeman effect and antisymmetric exchange interactions. While Magnetocrystalline anisotropy combined with a Zeeman term are sufficient to explain a metamagnetic transition in SrRuO, a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya term is crucial to account for the reduction of the magnetic moment as observed in the experiments.
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Date Issued: 2017-06-20
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28634360, 10.1038/s41598-017-03648-2, PMC5478642, 28634360, 28634360, 10.1038/s41598-017-03648-2
Format: Citation

Title: Magnetic field tuning of an excitonic insulator between the weak and strong coupling regimes in quantum limit graphite.
Creator: Zhu, Z, McDonald, R D, Shekhter, A, Ramshaw, B J, Modic, K A, Balakirev, F F, Harrison, N
Abstract/Description: The excitonic insulator phase has long been predicted to form in proximity to a band gap opening in the underlying band structure. The character of the pairing is conjectured to crossover from weak (BCS-like) to strong coupling (BEC-like) as the underlying band structure is tuned from the metallic to the insulating side of the gap opening. Here we report the high-magnetic field phase diagram of graphite to exhibit just such a crossover. By way of comprehensive angle-resolved magnetoresistance...
Show moreThe excitonic insulator phase has long been predicted to form in proximity to a band gap opening in the underlying band structure. The character of the pairing is conjectured to crossover from weak (BCS-like) to strong coupling (BEC-like) as the underlying band structure is tuned from the metallic to the insulating side of the gap opening. Here we report the high-magnetic field phase diagram of graphite to exhibit just such a crossover. By way of comprehensive angle-resolved magnetoresistance measurements, we demonstrate that the underlying band gap opening occurs inside the magnetic field-induced phase, paving the way for a systematic study of the BCS-BEC-like crossover by means of conventional condensed matter probes.
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Date Issued: 2017-05-04
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28496192, 10.1038/s41598-017-01693-5, PMC5431932, 28496192, 28496192, 10.1038/s41598-017-01693-5
Format: Citation

Title: Carbon-bearing silicate melt at deep mantle conditions.
Creator: Ghosh, Dipta B, Bajgain, Suraj K, Mookherjee, Mainak, Karki, Bijaya B
Abstract/Description: Knowledge about the incorporation and role of carbon in silicate magmas is crucial for our understanding of the deep mantle processes. CO bearing silicate melting and its relevance in the upper mantle regime have been extensively explored. Here we report first-principles molecular dynamics simulations of MgSiO melt containing carbon in three distinct oxidation states - CO, CO, and C at conditions relevant for the whole mantle. Our results show that at low pressures up to 15 GPa, the carbon...
Show moreKnowledge about the incorporation and role of carbon in silicate magmas is crucial for our understanding of the deep mantle processes. CO bearing silicate melting and its relevance in the upper mantle regime have been extensively explored. Here we report first-principles molecular dynamics simulations of MgSiO melt containing carbon in three distinct oxidation states - CO, CO, and C at conditions relevant for the whole mantle. Our results show that at low pressures up to 15 GPa, the carbon dioxide speciation is dominated by molecular form and carbonate ions. At higher pressures, the dominant species are silicon-polyhedral bound carbonates, tetrahedral coordination, and polymerized di-carbonates. Our results also indicate that CO component remains soluble in the melt at high pressures and the solution is nearly ideal. However, the elemental carbon and CO components show clustering of carbon atoms in the melt at high pressures, hinting towards possible exsolution of carbon from silicate melt at reduced oxygen contents. Although carbon lowers the melt density, the effect is modest at high pressures. Hence, it is likely that silicate melt above and below the mantle transition zone, and atop the core-mantle boundary could efficiently sequester significant amounts of carbon without being gravitationally unstable.
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Date Issued: 2017-04-12
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28405005, 10.1038/s41598-017-00918-x, PMC5429813, 28405005, 28405005, 10.1038/s41598-017-00918-x
Format: Citation

Title: Amide hydrogens reveal a temperature-dependent structural transition that enhances site-II Ca(2+)-binding affinity in a C-domain mutant of cardiac troponin C.
Creator: Veltri, Tiago, de Oliveira, Guilherme A P, Bienkiewicz, Ewa A, Palhano, Fernando L, Marques, Mayra de A, Moraes, Adolfo H, Silva, Jerson L, Sorenson, Martha M, Pinto, Jose R
Abstract/Description: The hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-associated mutant D145E, in cardiac troponin C (cTnC) C-domain, causes generalised instability at multiple sites in the isolated protein. As a result, structure and function of the mutant are more susceptible to higher temperatures. Above 25 °C there are large, progressive increases in N-domain Ca(2+)-binding affinity for D145E but only small changes for the wild-type protein. NMR-derived backbone amide temperature coefficients for many residues show a sharp...
Show moreThe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-associated mutant D145E, in cardiac troponin C (cTnC) C-domain, causes generalised instability at multiple sites in the isolated protein. As a result, structure and function of the mutant are more susceptible to higher temperatures. Above 25 °C there are large, progressive increases in N-domain Ca(2+)-binding affinity for D145E but only small changes for the wild-type protein. NMR-derived backbone amide temperature coefficients for many residues show a sharp transition above 30-40 °C, indicating a temperature-dependent conformational change that is most prominent around the mutated EF-hand IV, as well as throughout the C-domain. Smaller, isolated changes occur in the N-domain. Cardiac skinned fibres reconstituted with D145E are more sensitive to Ca(2+) than fibres reconstituted with wild-type, and this defect is amplified near body-temperature. We speculate that the D145E mutation destabilises the native conformation of EF-hand IV, leading to a transient unfolding and dissociation of helix H that becomes more prominent at higher temperatures. This creates exposed hydrophobic surfaces that may be capable of binding unnaturally to a variety of targets, possibly including the N-domain of cTnC when it is in its open Ca(2+)-saturated state. This would constitute a potential route for propagating signals from one end of TnC to the other.
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Date Issued: 2017-04-06
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28386062, 10.1038/s41598-017-00777-6, PMC5429600, 28386062, 28386062, 10.1038/s41598-017-00777-6
Format: Citation

Title: Enhanced cellular uptake of size-separated lipophilic silicon nanoparticles.
Creator: Kusi-Appiah, Aubrey E, Mastronardi, Melanie L, Qian, Chenxi, Chen, Kenneth K, Ghazanfari, Lida, Prommapan, Plengchart, Kübel, Christian, Ozin, Geoffrey A, Lenhert, Steven
Abstract/Description: Specific size, shape and surface chemistry influence the biological activity of nanoparticles. In the case of lipophilic nanoparticles, which are widely used in consumer products, there is evidence that particle size and formulation influences skin permeability and that lipophilic particles smaller than 6 nm can embed in lipid bilayers. Since most nanoparticle synthetic procedures result in mixtures of different particles, post-synthetic purification promises to provide insights into...
Show moreSpecific size, shape and surface chemistry influence the biological activity of nanoparticles. In the case of lipophilic nanoparticles, which are widely used in consumer products, there is evidence that particle size and formulation influences skin permeability and that lipophilic particles smaller than 6 nm can embed in lipid bilayers. Since most nanoparticle synthetic procedures result in mixtures of different particles, post-synthetic purification promises to provide insights into nanostructure-function relationships. Here we used size-selective precipitation to separate lipophilic allyl-benzyl-capped silicon nanoparticles into monodisperse fractions within the range of 1 nm to 5 nm. We measured liposomal encapsulation and cellular uptake of the monodisperse particles and found them to have generally low cytotoxicities in Hela cells. However, specific fractions showed reproducibly higher cytotoxicity than other fractions as well as the unseparated ensemble. Measurements indicate that the cytotoxicity mechanism involves oxidative stress and the differential cytotoxicity is due to enhanced cellular uptake by specific fractions. The results indicate that specific particles, with enhanced suitability for incorporation into lipophilic regions of liposomes and subsequent in vitro delivery to cells, are enriched in certain fractions.
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Date Issued: 2017-03-08
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28272505, 10.1038/srep43731, PMC5341124, 28272505, 28272505, srep43731
Format: Citation

Title: Personalized chemotherapy selection for breast cancer using gene expression profiles.
Creator: Yu, Kaixian, Sang, Qing-Xiang Amy, Lung, Pei-Yau, Tan, Winston, Lively, Ty, Sheffield, Cedric, Bou-Dargham, Mayassa J, Liu, Jun S, Zhang, Jinfeng
Abstract/Description: Choosing the optimal chemotherapy regimen is still an unmet medical need for breast cancer patients. In this study, we reanalyzed data from seven independent data sets with totally 1079 breast cancer patients. The patients were treated with three different types of commonly used neoadjuvant chemotherapies: anthracycline alone, anthracycline plus paclitaxel, and anthracycline plus docetaxel. We developed random forest models with variable selection using both genetic and clinical variables to...
Show moreChoosing the optimal chemotherapy regimen is still an unmet medical need for breast cancer patients. In this study, we reanalyzed data from seven independent data sets with totally 1079 breast cancer patients. The patients were treated with three different types of commonly used neoadjuvant chemotherapies: anthracycline alone, anthracycline plus paclitaxel, and anthracycline plus docetaxel. We developed random forest models with variable selection using both genetic and clinical variables to predict the response of a patient using pCR (pathological complete response) as the measure of response. The models were then used to reassign an optimal regimen to each patient to maximize the chance of pCR. An independent validation was performed where each independent study was left out during model building and later used for validation. The expected pCR rates of our method are significantly higher than the rates of the best treatments for all the seven independent studies. A validation study on 21 breast cancer cell lines showed that our prediction agrees with their drug-sensitivity profiles. In conclusion, the new strategy, called PRES (Personalized REgimen Selection), may significantly increase response rates for breast cancer patients, especially those with HER2 and ER negative tumors, who will receive one of the widely-accepted chemotherapy regimens.
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Date Issued: 2017-03-03
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28256629, 10.1038/srep43294, PMC5335706, 28256629, 28256629, srep43294
Format: Citation

Title: A hybrid electrochemical device based on a synergetic inner combination of Li ion battery and Li ion capacitor for energy storage.
Creator: Zheng, Jun-Sheng, Zhang, Lei, Shellikeri, Annadanesh, Cao, Wanjun, Wu, Qiang, Zheng, Jim P
Abstract/Description: Li ion battery (LIB) and electrochemical capacitor (EC) are considered as the most widely used energy storage systems (ESSs) because they can produce a high energy density or a high power density, but it is a huge challenge to achieve both the demands of a high energy density as well as a high power density on their own. A new hybrid Li ion capacitor (HyLIC), which combines the advantages of LIB and Li ion capacitor (LIC), is proposed. This device can successfully realize a potential match...
Show moreLi ion battery (LIB) and electrochemical capacitor (EC) are considered as the most widely used energy storage systems (ESSs) because they can produce a high energy density or a high power density, but it is a huge challenge to achieve both the demands of a high energy density as well as a high power density on their own. A new hybrid Li ion capacitor (HyLIC), which combines the advantages of LIB and Li ion capacitor (LIC), is proposed. This device can successfully realize a potential match between LIB and LIC and can avoid the excessive depletion of electrolyte during the charge process. The galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling tests reveal that at low current, the HyLIC exhibits a high energy density, while at high current, it demonstrates a high power density. Ragone plot confirms that this device can make a synergetic balance between energy and power and achieve a highest energy density in the power density range of 80 to 300 W kg. The cycle life test proves that HyLIC exhibits a good cycle life and an excellent coulombic efficiency. The present study shows that HyLIC, which is capable of achieving a high energy density, a long cycle life and an excellent power density, has the potential to achieve the winning combination of a high energy and power density.
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Date Issued: 2017-02-07
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28169329, 10.1038/srep41910, PMC5294406, 28169329, 28169329, srep41910
Format: Citation

Title: mTORC1 phosphorylates LARP6 to stimulate type I collagen expression.
Creator: Zhang, Yujie, Stefanovic, Branko
Abstract/Description: Excessive deposition of type I collagen causes fibrotic diseases. Binding of La ribonucleoprotein domain family, member 6 (LARP6) to collagen mRNAs regulates their translation and is necessary for high type I collagen expression. Here we show that mTORC1 phosphorylates LARP6 on S348 and S409. The S348A/S409A mutant of LARP6 acts as a dominant negative protein in collagen biosynthesis, which retards secretion of type I collagen and causes excessive posttranslational modifications. Similar...
Show moreExcessive deposition of type I collagen causes fibrotic diseases. Binding of La ribonucleoprotein domain family, member 6 (LARP6) to collagen mRNAs regulates their translation and is necessary for high type I collagen expression. Here we show that mTORC1 phosphorylates LARP6 on S348 and S409. The S348A/S409A mutant of LARP6 acts as a dominant negative protein in collagen biosynthesis, which retards secretion of type I collagen and causes excessive posttranslational modifications. Similar effects are seen using mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin or by knocking down raptor. The S348A/S409A mutant weakly interacts with the accessory protein STRAP, needed for coordinated translation of collagen mRNAs. The interaction of wt LARP6 and STRAP is also attenuated by rapamycin and by raptor knockdown. Additionally, in the absence of S348/S409 phosphorylation LARP6 is sequestered in increasing amounts at the ER membrane. We postulate that phosphorylation of S348/S409 by mTORC1 stimulates the interaction of LARP6 and STRAP to coordinate translation of collagen mRNAs and to release LARP6 from the ER for new round of translation. These mechanisms contribute to high level of collagen expression in fibrosis.
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Date Issued: 2017-01-23
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28112218, 10.1038/srep41173, PMC5255556, 28112218, 28112218, srep41173
Format: Citation

Title: High-field transport properties of a P-doped BaFeAs film on technical substrate.
Creator: Iida, Kazumasa, Sato, Hikaru, Tarantini, Chiara, Hänisch, Jens, Jaroszynski, Jan, Hiramatsu, Hidenori, Holzapfel, Bernhard, Hosono, Hideo
Abstract/Description: High temperature (high-T) superconductors like cuprates have superior critical current properties in magnetic fields over other superconductors. However, superconducting wires for high-field-magnet applications are still dominated by low-T NbSn due probably to cost and processing issues. The recent discovery of a second class of high-T materials, Fe-based superconductors, may provide another option for high-field-magnet wires. In particular, AEFeAs (AE: Alkali earth elements, AE-122) is one...
Show moreHigh temperature (high-T) superconductors like cuprates have superior critical current properties in magnetic fields over other superconductors. However, superconducting wires for high-field-magnet applications are still dominated by low-T NbSn due probably to cost and processing issues. The recent discovery of a second class of high-T materials, Fe-based superconductors, may provide another option for high-field-magnet wires. In particular, AEFeAs (AE: Alkali earth elements, AE-122) is one of the best candidates for high-field-magnet applications because of its high upper critical field, H, moderate H anisotropy, and intermediate T. Here we report on in-field transport properties of P-doped BaFeAs (Ba-122) thin films grown on technical substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The P-doped Ba-122 coated conductor exceeds a transport J of 10 A/cm at 15 T for main crystallographic directions of the applied field, which is favourable for practical applications. Our P-doped Ba-122 coated conductors show a superior in-field J over MgB and NbTi, and a comparable level to NbSn above 20 T. By analysing the E - J curves for determining J, a non-Ohmic linear differential signature is observed at low field due to flux flow along the grain boundaries. However, grain boundaries work as flux pinning centres as demonstrated by the pinning force analysis.
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Date Issued: 2017-01-12
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28079117, 10.1038/srep39951, PMC5227693, 28079117, 28079117, srep39951
Format: Citation

Title: Giant suppression of phononic heat transport in a quantum magnet BiCuPO.
Creator: Jeon, Byung-Gu, Koteswararao, B, Park, C B, Shu, G J, Riggs, S C, Moon, E G, Chung, S B, Chou, F C, Kim, Kee Hoon
Abstract/Description: Thermal transport of quantum magnets has elucidated the nature of low energy elementary excitations and complex interplay between those excited states via strong scattering of thermal carriers. BiCuPO is a unique frustrated spin-ladder compound exhibiting highly anisotropic spin excitations that contain both itinerant and localized dispersion characters along the b- and a-axes respectively. Here, we investigate thermal conductivity κ of BiCuPO under high magnetic fields (H) of up to 30 tesla....
Show moreThermal transport of quantum magnets has elucidated the nature of low energy elementary excitations and complex interplay between those excited states via strong scattering of thermal carriers. BiCuPO is a unique frustrated spin-ladder compound exhibiting highly anisotropic spin excitations that contain both itinerant and localized dispersion characters along the b- and a-axes respectively. Here, we investigate thermal conductivity κ of BiCuPO under high magnetic fields (H) of up to 30 tesla. A dip-feature in κ, located at ~15 K at zero-H along all crystallographic directions, moves gradually toward lower temperature (T) with increasing H, thus resulting in giant suppression by a factor of ~30 near the critical magnetic field of H ≅ 23.5 tesla. The giant H- and T-dependent suppression of κ can be explained by the combined result of resonant scattering of phononic heat carriers with magnetic energy levels and increased phonon scattering due to enhanced spin fluctuation at H, unequivocally revealing the existence of strong spin-phonon coupling. Moreover, we find an experimental indication that the remaining magnetic heat transport along the b-axis becomes almost gapless at the magnetic quantum critical point realized at H.
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Date Issued: 2016-11-15
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27845377, 10.1038/srep36970, PMC5109484, 27845377, 27845377, srep36970
Format: Citation

Title: Intrinsic and extrinsic pinning in NdFeAs(O,F): vortex trapping and lock-in by the layered structure..
Creator: Tarantini, C, Iida, K, Hänisch, J, Kurth, F, Jaroszynski, J, Sumiya, N, Chihara, M, Hatano, T, Ikuta, H, Schmidt, S, Seidel, P, Holzapfel, B, Larbalestier, D C
Abstract/Description: Fe-based superconductors (FBS) present a large variety of compounds whose properties are affected to different extents by their crystal structures. Amongst them, the REFeAs(O,F) (RE1111, RE being a rare-earth element) is the family with the highest critical temperature T but also with a large anisotropy and Josephson vortices as demonstrated in the flux-flow regime in Sm1111 (T ∼ 55 K). Here we focus on the pinning properties of the lower-T Nd1111 in the flux-creep regime. We demonstrate that...
Show moreFe-based superconductors (FBS) present a large variety of compounds whose properties are affected to different extents by their crystal structures. Amongst them, the REFeAs(O,F) (RE1111, RE being a rare-earth element) is the family with the highest critical temperature T but also with a large anisotropy and Josephson vortices as demonstrated in the flux-flow regime in Sm1111 (T ∼ 55 K). Here we focus on the pinning properties of the lower-T Nd1111 in the flux-creep regime. We demonstrate that for H//c critical current density J at high temperatures is dominated by point-defect pinning centres, whereas at low temperatures surface pinning by planar defects parallel to the c-axis and vortex shearing prevail. When the field approaches the ab-planes, two different regimes are observed at low temperatures as a consequence of the transition between 3D Abrikosov and 2D Josephson vortices: one is determined by the formation of a vortex-staircase structure and one by lock-in of vortices parallel to the layers. This is the first study on FBS showing this behaviour in the full temperature, field, and angular range and demonstrating that, despite the lower T and anisotropy of Nd1111 with respect to Sm1111, this compound is substantially affected by intrinsic pinning generating a strong ab-peak in J.
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Date Issued: 2016-10-26
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27782196, 10.1038/srep36047, PMC5080545, 27782196, 27782196, srep36047
Format: Citation

Title: Gold Nanoparticle Monolayers from Sequential Interfacial Ligand Exchange and Migration in a Three-Phase System.
Creator: Yang, Guang, Hallinan, Daniel T
Abstract/Description: Using a three-phase system, centimeter-scale monolayer gold nanoparticle (Au NP) films have been prepared that have long-range order and hydrophobic ligands. The system contains an interface between an aqueous phase containing Au NPs and an oil phase containing one of various types of amine ligands, and a water/air interface. As the Au NPs diffuse to the water/oil interface, ligand exchange takes place which temporarily traps them at the water/oil interface. The ligand-exchanged particles...
Show moreUsing a three-phase system, centimeter-scale monolayer gold nanoparticle (Au NP) films have been prepared that have long-range order and hydrophobic ligands. The system contains an interface between an aqueous phase containing Au NPs and an oil phase containing one of various types of amine ligands, and a water/air interface. As the Au NPs diffuse to the water/oil interface, ligand exchange takes place which temporarily traps them at the water/oil interface. The ligand-exchanged particles then spontaneously migrate to the air/water interface, where they self-assemble, forming a monolayer under certain conditions. The spontaneous formation of the NP film at the air/water interface was due to the minimization of the system Helmholtz free energy. However, the extent of surface functionalization was dictated by kinetics. This decouples interfacial ligand exchange from interfacial self-assembly, while maintaining the simplicity of a single system. The interparticle center-to-center distance was dictated by the amine ligand length. The Au NP monolayers exhibit tunable surface plasma resonance and excellent spatial homogeneity, which is useful for surface-enhanced Raman scattering. The "air/water/oil" self-assembly method developed here not only benefits the fundamental understanding of NP ligand conformations, but is also applicable to the manufacture of plasmonic nanoparticle devices with precisely designed optical properties.
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Date Issued: 2016-10-20
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27762394, 10.1038/srep35339, PMC5071885, 27762394, 27762394, srep35339
Format: Citation

Title: Pressure induced elastic softening in framework aluminosilicate- albite (NaAlSiO).
Creator: Mookherjee, Mainak, Mainprice, David, Maheshwari, Ketan, Heinonen, Olle, Patel, Dhenu, Hariharan, Anant
Abstract/Description: Albite (NaAlSiO) is an aluminosilicate mineral. Its crystal structure consists of 3-D framework of Al and Si tetrahedral units. We have used Density Functional Theory to investigate the high-pressure behavior of the crystal structure and how it affects the elasticity of albite. Our results indicate elastic softening between 6-8 GPa. This is observed in all the individual elastic stiffness components. Our analysis indicates that the softening is due to the response of the three-dimensional...
Show moreAlbite (NaAlSiO) is an aluminosilicate mineral. Its crystal structure consists of 3-D framework of Al and Si tetrahedral units. We have used Density Functional Theory to investigate the high-pressure behavior of the crystal structure and how it affects the elasticity of albite. Our results indicate elastic softening between 6-8 GPa. This is observed in all the individual elastic stiffness components. Our analysis indicates that the softening is due to the response of the three-dimensional tetrahedral framework, in particular by the pressure dependent changes in the tetrahedral tilts. At pressure <6 GPa, the PAW-GGA can be described by a Birch-Murnaghan equation of state with = 687.4 Å, = 51.7 GPa, and = 4.7. The shear modulus and its pressure derivative are = 33.7 GPa, and = 2.9. At 1 bar, the azimuthal compressional and shear wave anisotropy = 42.8%, and = 50.1%. We also investigate the densification of albite to a mixture of jadeite and quartz. The transformation is likely to cause a discontinuity in density, compressional, and shear wave velocity across the crust and mantle. This could partially account for the Mohorovicic discontinuity in thickened continental crustal regions.
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Date Issued: 2016-10-13
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27734903, 10.1038/srep34815, PMC5062091, 27734903, 27734903, srep34815
Format: Citation

Title: The Impact of Li Grain Size on Coulombic Efficiency in Li Batteries.
Creator: Mehdi, B Layla, Stevens, Andrew, Qian, Jiangfeng, Park, Chiwoo, Xu, Wu, Henderson, Wesley A, Zhang, Ji-Guang, Mueller, Karl T, Browning, Nigel D
Abstract/Description: One of the most promising means to increase the energy density of state-of-the-art lithium Li-ion batteries is to replace the graphite anode with a Li metal anode. While the direct use of Li metal may be highly advantageous, at present its practical application is limited by issues related to dendrite growth and low Coulombic efficiency, CE. Here operando electrochemical scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is used to directly image the deposition/stripping of Li at the anode...
Show moreOne of the most promising means to increase the energy density of state-of-the-art lithium Li-ion batteries is to replace the graphite anode with a Li metal anode. While the direct use of Li metal may be highly advantageous, at present its practical application is limited by issues related to dendrite growth and low Coulombic efficiency, CE. Here operando electrochemical scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is used to directly image the deposition/stripping of Li at the anode-electrolyte interface in a Li-based battery. A non-aqueous electrolyte containing small amounts of HO as an additive results in remarkably different deposition/stripping properties as compared to the "dry" electrolyte when operated under identical electrochemical conditions. The electrolyte with the additive deposits more Li during the first cycle, with the grain sizes of the Li deposits being significantly larger and more variable. The stripping of the Li upon discharge is also more complete, i.e., there is a higher cycling CE. This suggests that larger grain sizes are indicative of better performance by leading to more uniform Li deposition and an overall decrease in the formation of Li dendrites and side reactions with electrolyte components, thus potentially paving the way for the direct use of Li metal in battery technologies.
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Date Issued: 2016-10-05
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27703188, 10.1038/srep34267, PMC5050435, 27703188, 27703188, srep34267
Format: Citation

Title: Recent Trends of Summer Convective and Stratiform Precipitation in Mid-Eastern China.
Creator: Fu, Yunfei, Chen, Fengjiao, Liu, Guosheng, Yang, Yuanjian, Yuan, Renmin, Li, Rui, Liu, Qi, Wang, Yu, Zhong, Lei, Sun, Liang
Abstract/Description: Many studies have reported on the trends of precipitation in Mid-Eastern China (EC). However, the trends of convective and stratiform precipitation are still unknown. Here, we examine the trends of summer convective and stratiform precipitation in EC from 2002 to 2012 on the basis of the TRMM observations. Results revealed that the rain frequency (RF) for both convective and stratiform precipitation increased in majority regions of Southern EC (SEC), but decreased in Northwest part of...
Show moreMany studies have reported on the trends of precipitation in Mid-Eastern China (EC). However, the trends of convective and stratiform precipitation are still unknown. Here, we examine the trends of summer convective and stratiform precipitation in EC from 2002 to 2012 on the basis of the TRMM observations. Results revealed that the rain frequency (RF) for both convective and stratiform precipitation increased in majority regions of Southern EC (SEC), but decreased in Northwest part of Northern EC (NEC). The decreasing rate of RF for stratiform precipitation in NEC is twice as much as that for convective precipitation, while the increase of convective precipitation in SEC is more evident than stratiform precipitation. The rain rate (RR) exhibited a decreasing trend in most portions of EC for both convective and stratiform precipitation. In SEC, neither PW nor WVT has good ability in explaining the precipitation variability. However, in NEC, PW is closely correlated to convective RF and WVT is more closely related to stratiform RF.
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Date Issued: 2016-09-08
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27604846, 10.1038/srep33044, PMC5015104, 27604846, 27604846, srep33044
Format: Citation

Title: A Comparison of Rule-based Analysis with Regression Methods in Understanding the Risk Factors for Study Withdrawal in a Pediatric Study.
Creator: Haghighi, Mona, Johnson, Suzanne Bennett, Qian, Xiaoning, Lynch, Kristian F, Vehik, Kendra, Huang, Shuai
Abstract/Description: Regression models are extensively used in many epidemiological studies to understand the linkage between specific outcomes of interest and their risk factors. However, regression models in general examine the average effects of the risk factors and ignore subgroups with different risk profiles. As a result, interventions are often geared towards the average member of the population, without consideration of the special health needs of different subgroups within the population. This paper...
Show moreRegression models are extensively used in many epidemiological studies to understand the linkage between specific outcomes of interest and their risk factors. However, regression models in general examine the average effects of the risk factors and ignore subgroups with different risk profiles. As a result, interventions are often geared towards the average member of the population, without consideration of the special health needs of different subgroups within the population. This paper demonstrates the value of using rule-based analysis methods that can identify subgroups with heterogeneous risk profiles in a population without imposing assumptions on the subgroups or method. The rules define the risk pattern of subsets of individuals by not only considering the interactions between the risk factors but also their ranges. We compared the rule-based analysis results with the results from a logistic regression model in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. Both methods detected a similar suite of risk factors, but the rule-based analysis was superior at detecting multiple interactions between the risk factors that characterize the subgroups. A further investigation of the particular characteristics of each subgroup may detect the special health needs of the subgroup and lead to tailored interventions.
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Date Issued: 2016-08-26
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27561809, 10.1038/srep30828, PMC5000469, 27561809, 27561809, srep30828
Format: Citation

Title: Long distance seawater intrusion through a karst conduit network in the Woodville Karst Plain, Florida.
Creator: Xu, Zexuan, Bassett, Seth Willis, Hu, Bill, Dyer, Scott Barrett
Abstract/Description: Five periods of increased electrical conductivity have been found in the karst conduits supplying one of the largest first magnitude springs in Florida with water. Numerous well-developed conduit networks are distributed in the Woodville Karst Plain (WKP), Florida and connected to the Gulf of Mexico. A composite analysis of precipitation and electrical conductivity data provides strong evidence that the increases in conductivity are directly tied to seawater intrusion moving inland and...
Show moreFive periods of increased electrical conductivity have been found in the karst conduits supplying one of the largest first magnitude springs in Florida with water. Numerous well-developed conduit networks are distributed in the Woodville Karst Plain (WKP), Florida and connected to the Gulf of Mexico. A composite analysis of precipitation and electrical conductivity data provides strong evidence that the increases in conductivity are directly tied to seawater intrusion moving inland and traveling 11 miles against the prevailing regional hydraulic gradient from from Spring Creek Spring Complex (SCSC), a group of submarine springs at the Gulf Coast. A geochemical analysis of samples from the spring vent rules out anthropogenic contamination and upwelling regional recharge from the deep aquifer as sources of the rising conductivity. The interpretation is supported by the conceptual model established by prior researchers working to characterize the study area. This paper documents the first and longest case of seawater intrusion in the WKP, and also indicates significant possibility of seawater contamination through subsurface conduit networks in a coastal karst aquifer.
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Date Issued: 2016-08-25
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27557803, 10.1038/srep32235, PMC4997342, 27557803, 27557803, srep32235
Format: Citation

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