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Title: Heterogeneity in ADHD: Neurocognitive predictors of peer, family, and academic functioning..
Creator: Kofler, Michael J, Sarver, Dustin E, Spiegel, Jamie A, Day, Taylor N, Harmon, Sherelle L, Wells, Erica L
Abstract/Description: Childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with impairments in peer, family, and academic functioning. Although impairment is required for diagnosis, children with ADHD vary significantly in the areas in which they demonstrate clinically significant impairment. However, relatively little is known about the mechanisms and processes underlying these individual differences. The current study examined neurocognitive predictors of heterogeneity in peer, family, and...
Show moreChildhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with impairments in peer, family, and academic functioning. Although impairment is required for diagnosis, children with ADHD vary significantly in the areas in which they demonstrate clinically significant impairment. However, relatively little is known about the mechanisms and processes underlying these individual differences. The current study examined neurocognitive predictors of heterogeneity in peer, family, and academic functioning in a well-defined sample of 44 children with ADHD aged 8-13 years (M = 10.31, SD = 1.42; 31 boys, 13 girls; 81% Caucasian). Reliable change analysis indicated that 98% of the sample demonstrated objectively-defined impairment on at least one assessed outcome measure; 65% were impaired in two or all three areas of functioning. ADHD children with quantifiable deficits in academic success and family functioning performed worse on tests of working memory (d = 0.68 to 1.09), whereas children with impaired parent-reported social functioning demonstrated slower processing speed (d = 0.53). Dimensional analyses identified additional predictors of peer, family, and academic functioning. Working memory abilities were associated with individual differences in all three functional domains, processing speed predicted social functioning, and inhibitory control predicted family functioning. These results add to a growing literature implicating neurocognitive abilities not only in explaining behavioral differences between ADHD and non-ADHD groups, but also in the substantial heterogeneity in ecologically-valid functional outcomes associated with the disorder.
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Date Issued: 2017-08-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27472007, 10.1080/09297049.2016.1205010, PMC6083022, 27472007, 27472007
Format: Citation

Title: Distress intolerance as a moderator of the relationship between daily stressors and affective symptoms: Tests of incremental and prospective relationships..
Creator: Macatee, Richard J, Albanese, Brian J, Allan, Nicholas P, Schmidt, Norman B, Cougle, Jesse R
Abstract/Description: Distress intolerance (DI) is conceptualized as an individual difference reflective of the ability to tolerate aversive psychological states. Although high DI has demonstrated cross-sectional associations with multiple forms of psychopathology, few studies have tested key facets of its theoretical conceptualization. Specifically, little research has been conducted on DI's theorized role as an incrementally valid prospective moderator of the relationship between daily stressful events and...
Show moreDistress intolerance (DI) is conceptualized as an individual difference reflective of the ability to tolerate aversive psychological states. Although high DI has demonstrated cross-sectional associations with multiple forms of psychopathology, few studies have tested key facets of its theoretical conceptualization. Specifically, little research has been conducted on DI's theorized role as an incrementally valid prospective moderator of the relationship between daily stressful events and affective symptoms reflective of preoccupation with aversive internal (e.g., depression, worry) rather than external stimuli (e.g., social anxiety). A non-clinical sample (N = 147; 77% female; M age = 19.32) in which high DI individuals were oversampled was recruited. Participants completed baseline measures of DI and trait negative affect followed by six diary entries over a two-week period in which participants reported on daily stressors, negative affect, worry, depressive, and social anxiety symptoms. Hierarchical linear models revealed that DI positively predicted depressive and worry, but not social anxiety symptoms, independent of daily stressors and negative affect. Further, a significant interaction effect was found such that the positive association between daily stressor(s) occurrence and daily worry was significant at high, but not low DI, and a similar trend-level interaction effect was observed for depressive symptoms. The interaction for social anxiety symptoms was non-significant LIMITATIONS: Utilization of a non-clinical sample precludes generalization of results to clinical samples. Only self-reported DI was assessed, limiting conclusions to perceived as opposed to behaviorally-indexed DI. Results largely supported DI's theoretical conceptualization as an incrementally valid moderator of stress responding with relevance to particular affective symptoms.
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Date Issued: 2016-12-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27472414, 10.1016/j.jad.2016.07.035, PMC5334116, 27472414, 27472414, S0165-0327(16)30636-X
Format: Citation

Title: Patient Opinions About Screening for Suicide Risk in the Adult Medical Inpatient Unit.
Creator: Snyder, Deborah J, Ballard, Elizabeth D, Stanley, Ian H, Ludi, Erica, Kohn-Godbout, Julie, Pao, Maryland, Horowitz, Lisa M
Abstract/Description: As hospital clinicians and administrators consider implementing suicide risk screening on medical inpatient units, patient reactions to screening can provide essential input. This post hoc analysis examined patient opinions about screening for suicide risk in the medical setting. This analysis includes a subsample of a larger quality improvement project designed to screen medically hospitalized patients for suicide risk. Fifty-three adult medical inpatients at a clinical research hospital...
Show moreAs hospital clinicians and administrators consider implementing suicide risk screening on medical inpatient units, patient reactions to screening can provide essential input. This post hoc analysis examined patient opinions about screening for suicide risk in the medical setting. This analysis includes a subsample of a larger quality improvement project designed to screen medically hospitalized patients for suicide risk. Fifty-three adult medical inpatients at a clinical research hospital provided opinions about suicide risk screening. A qualitative analysis of responses to an opinion question about screening was conducted to identify major themes. Forty-three (81%) patients supported screening medical inpatients for suicide risk. Common themes emphasized asking patients directly about suicide, connection between mental/physical health, and the role of screening in suicide prevention. Adult medical inpatients supported screening for suicide risk on medical/surgical inpatient units. Behavioral health clinicians are uniquely poised to champion suicide detection and intervention in the general medical hospital setting. Patient opinions can be utilized to inform thoughtful implementation of universal suicide risk screening in the medical setting.
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Date Issued: 2017-07-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27072154, 10.1007/s11414-016-9498-7, PMC5199619, 27072154, 27072154, 10.1007/s11414-016-9498-7
Format: Citation

Title: Utilization of Alcohol Treatment Among HIV-Positive Women with Hazardous Drinking.
Creator: Hu, Xingdi, Harman, Jeffrey, Winterstein, Almut G, Zhong, Yue, Wheeler, Amber L, Taylor, Tonya N, Plankey, Michael, Rubtsova, Anna, Cropsey, Karen, Cohen, Mardge H, Adimora,...
Show moreHu, Xingdi, Harman, Jeffrey, Winterstein, Almut G, Zhong, Yue, Wheeler, Amber L, Taylor, Tonya N, Plankey, Michael, Rubtsova, Anna, Cropsey, Karen, Cohen, Mardge H, Adimora, Adaora A, Milam, Joel, Adedimeji, Adebola, Cook, Robert L
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Abstract/Description: Hazardous alcohol consumption has been frequently reported among women with HIV infection and is associated with a variety of negative health consequences. Treatments to reduce alcohol use may bring in health benefits. However, little is known regarding the utilization of alcohol treatment services among HIV+ women with hazardous drinking. Using data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), this study assessed utilization of any alcohol treatment in the past 6 months and performed...
Show moreHazardous alcohol consumption has been frequently reported among women with HIV infection and is associated with a variety of negative health consequences. Treatments to reduce alcohol use may bring in health benefits. However, little is known regarding the utilization of alcohol treatment services among HIV+ women with hazardous drinking. Using data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), this study assessed utilization of any alcohol treatment in the past 6 months and performed multivariable logistic regression to determine correlates of receipt of any alcohol treatment. Among 474 HIV+ women reporting recent hazardous drinking, less than one in five (19%) reported recent utilization of any alcohol treatment. Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) was the most commonly reported (12.9%), followed by inpatient detoxification (9.9%) and outpatient alcohol treatment program (7.0%). Half (51%) receiving any alcohol treatment reported utilization of multiple treatments. Multivariable analyses found alcohol treatment was more often utilized by those who had social support (odds ratio [OR]=1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.00 to 2.83), fewer economic resources (income ≤$12,000 vs. >$12,000, OR=3.10, 95% CI=1.53 to 6.27), higher levels of drinking (16-35 drinks/week vs. 12-15 drinks/week, OR=3.02, 95% CI=1.47 to 6.21; 36+ drinks/week vs. 12-15 drinks/week, OR=4.41, 95% CI=2.03 to 9.59), and those who reported any illicit drug use (OR=2.77, 95% CI=1.44 to 5.34). More efforts are needed to enhance the utilization of alcohol treatment. Our findings highlight the unique profile of those who utilized alcohol treatment. Such information is vital to improve treatment delivery to address unmet need in this particular population.
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Date Issued: 2016-05-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26961420, 10.1016/j.jsat.2016.01.011, PMC4943324, 26961420, 26961420, S0740-5472(16)00043-X
Format: Citation

Title: Association between anger rumination and autism symptom severity, depression symptoms, aggression, and general dysregulation in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.
Creator: Patel, Shivani, Day, Taylor N, Jones, Neil, Mazefsky, Carla A
Abstract/Description: Rumination has a large direct effect on psychopathology but has received relatively little attention in autism spectrum disorder despite the propensity to perseverate in this population. This study provided initial evidence that adolescents with autism spectrum disorder self-report more anger-focused rumination than typically developing controls, though there was substantial within-group variability. Anger rumination was positively correlated with autism symptom severity with both groups...
Show moreRumination has a large direct effect on psychopathology but has received relatively little attention in autism spectrum disorder despite the propensity to perseverate in this population. This study provided initial evidence that adolescents with autism spectrum disorder self-report more anger-focused rumination than typically developing controls, though there was substantial within-group variability. Anger rumination was positively correlated with autism symptom severity with both groups combined. Future studies that include measures of perseveration on special interests are needed to understand whether anger rumination is a manifestation of a perseverative type of repetitive behavior or a distinct trait. Even when controlling for autism symptom severity, however, anger-focused rumination was associated with poorer functioning, including more depression symptoms and overall emotional and behavioral dysregulation. Therefore, further inquiry regarding anger rumination in autism spectrum disorder is clinically important, and the potential impact of rumination-focused interventions should be explored.
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Date Issued: 2017-02-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27095831, 10.1177/1362361316633566, PMC6070295, 27095831, 27095831, 1362361316633566
Format: Citation

Title: Marijuana use and viral suppression in persons receiving medical care for HIV-infection.
Creator: Okafor, Chukwuemeka N, Zhou, Zhi, Burrell, Larry E, Kelso, Natalie E, Whitehead, Nicole E, Harman, Jeffery S, Cook, Christa L, Cook, Robert L
Abstract/Description: Marijuana use is common among persons living with HIV (PLWH), but studies on its effect on HIV clinical outcomes are limited. We determined the association between marijuana use and HIV viral suppression among PLWH. Data came from five repeated cross-sections (2009-2013) of the Florida Medical Monitoring Project, a population-based sample of PLWH in Florida. Data were obtained via interview and medical record abstraction (MRA). Weighted logistic regression models were used to determine the...
Show moreMarijuana use is common among persons living with HIV (PLWH), but studies on its effect on HIV clinical outcomes are limited. We determined the association between marijuana use and HIV viral suppression among PLWH. Data came from five repeated cross-sections (2009-2013) of the Florida Medical Monitoring Project, a population-based sample of PLWH in Florida. Data were obtained via interview and medical record abstraction (MRA). Weighted logistic regression models were used to determine the association between marijuana use (past 12 months) and durable viral suppression (HIV-1 RNA value of ≤ 200 copies/milliliter in all measurements within the past 12 months). Of the 1,902 PLWH receiving antiretroviral therapy, completed an interview, and had a linked MRA, 20% reported marijuana use (13% less than daily and 7% daily use) and 73% achieved durable viral suppression. In multivariable analysis, marijuana use was not significantly associated with durable viral suppression in daily [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.58, 1.33] or in less than daily [AOR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.51, 1.37] users as compared to non-users when adjusting for sociodemographic factors, time since HIV diagnosis, depressive symptoms, alcohol, cigarette and other substance use. In this sample of PLWH receiving medical care in Florida, there was no statistically significant association between marijuana use and viral suppression. However, as the limits of the confidence intervals include effects that may be considered to be clinically important, there is a need for additional evidence from other samples and settings that include more marijuana users.
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Date Issued: 2017-01-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27398989, 10.1080/00952990.2016.1191505, PMC5226929, 27398989, 27398989
Format: Citation

Title: Improving Adolescent Health Risk Assessment: A Multi-method Pilot Study..
Creator: Thompson, Lindsay A, Wegman, Martin, Muller, Keith, Eddleton, Katie Z, Muszynski, Michael, Rathore, Mobeen, De Leon, Jessica, Shenkman, Elizabeth A
Abstract/Description: Objectives Given poor compliance by providers with adolescent health risk assessment (HRA) in primary care, we describe the development and feasibility of using a health information technology (HIT)-enhanced HRA to improve the frequency of HRAs in diverse clinical settings, asking adolescents' recall of quality of care as a primary outcome. Methods We conducted focus groups and surveys with key stakeholders (Phase I) , including adolescents, clinic staff and providers to design and implement...
Show moreObjectives Given poor compliance by providers with adolescent health risk assessment (HRA) in primary care, we describe the development and feasibility of using a health information technology (HIT)-enhanced HRA to improve the frequency of HRAs in diverse clinical settings, asking adolescents' recall of quality of care as a primary outcome. Methods We conducted focus groups and surveys with key stakeholders (Phase I) , including adolescents, clinic staff and providers to design and implement an intervention in a practice-based research network delivering private, comprehensive HRAs via tablet (Phase II). Providers and adolescents received geo-coded community resources according to individualized risks. Following the point-of-care implementation , we collected patient-reported outcomes using post-visit quality surveys (Phase III). Patient-reported outcomes from intervention and comparison clinics were analyzed using a mixed-model, fitted separately for each survey domain. Results Stakeholders agreed upon an HIT-enhanced HRA (Phase I). Twenty-two academic and community practices in north-central Florida then recruited 609 diverse adolescents (14-18 years) during primary care visits over 6 months; (mean patients enrolled = 28; median = 20; range 1-116; Phase II). Adolescents receiving the intervention later reported higher receipt of confidential/private care and counseling related to emotions and relationships (adjusted scores 0.42 vs 0.08 out of 1.0, p < .01; 0.85 vs 0.57, p < .001, respectively, Phase III) than those receiving usual care. Both are important quality indicators for adolescent well-child visits. Conclusions Stakeholder input was critical to the acceptability of the HIT-enhanced HRA. Patient recruitment data indicate that the intervention was feasible in a variety of clinical settings and the pilot evaluation data indicate that the intervention may improve adolescents' perceptions of high quality care.
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Date Issued: 2016-12-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27406154, 10.1007/s10995-016-2070-5, PMC5124035, 27406154, 27406154, 10.1007/s10995-016-2070-5
Format: Citation

Title: The role of interpersonal personality traits and reassurance seeking in eating disorder symptoms and depressive symptoms among women with bulimia nervosa.
Creator: Mason, Tyler B, Lavender, Jason M, Wonderlich, Stephen A, Crosby, Ross D, Joiner, Thomas E, Mitchell, James E, Crow, Scott J, Klein, Marjorie H, Le Grange, Daniel, Bardone-Cone,...
Show moreMason, Tyler B, Lavender, Jason M, Wonderlich, Stephen A, Crosby, Ross D, Joiner, Thomas E, Mitchell, James E, Crow, Scott J, Klein, Marjorie H, Le Grange, Daniel, Bardone-Cone, Anna M, Peterson, Carol B
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Abstract/Description: The role of interpersonal factors has been proposed in various models of eating disorder (ED) psychopathology and treatment. We examined the independent and interactive contributions of two interpersonal-focused personality traits (i.e., social avoidance and insecure attachment) and reassurance seeking in relation to global ED psychopathology and depressive symptoms among women with bulimia nervosa (BN). Participants were 204 adult women with full or subclinical BN who completed a battery of...
Show moreThe role of interpersonal factors has been proposed in various models of eating disorder (ED) psychopathology and treatment. We examined the independent and interactive contributions of two interpersonal-focused personality traits (i.e., social avoidance and insecure attachment) and reassurance seeking in relation to global ED psychopathology and depressive symptoms among women with bulimia nervosa (BN). Participants were 204 adult women with full or subclinical BN who completed a battery of self-report questionnaires. Hierarchical multiple OLS regressions including main effects and interaction terms were used to analyze the data. Main effects were found for social avoidance and insecure attachment in association with global ED psychopathology and depressive symptoms. In addition, two-way interactions between social avoidance and reassurance seeking were observed for both global ED psychopathology and depressive symptoms. In general, reassurance seeking strengthened the association between social avoidance and global ED psychopathology and depressive symptoms. These results demonstrate the importance of reassurance seeking in psychopathology among women with BN who display personality features characterized by social avoidance.
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Date Issued: 2016-07-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27234198, 10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.04.013, PMC5293149, 27234198, 27234198, S0010-440X(16)30018-9
Format: Citation

Title: Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use for HIV Management in the State of Florida: Medical Monitoring Project..
Creator: Kelso-Chichetto, Natalie E, Okafor, Chukwuemeka N, Harman, Jeffrey S, Canidate, Shantrel S, Cook, Christa L, Cook, Robert L
Abstract/Description: The aims of this study were to describe complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use and to assess the relationships between CAM use and antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA viral load suppression among a sample of persons living with HIV (PLWH) engaged in care in the state of Florida. The Florida Medical Monitoring Project (n = 803) collected repeated cross-sectional data for surveillance of clinical outcomes among PLWH from 2009 to 2010. Past...
Show moreThe aims of this study were to describe complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use and to assess the relationships between CAM use and antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA viral load suppression among a sample of persons living with HIV (PLWH) engaged in care in the state of Florida. The Florida Medical Monitoring Project (n = 803) collected repeated cross-sectional data for surveillance of clinical outcomes among PLWH from 2009 to 2010. Past-year CAM use specifically for the management of HIV was measured via self-report. Logistic regression models were conducted to assess the effect of CAM use on ART adherence and viral load suppression, controlling for demographic and clinical factors using backwards stepwise deletion of factors with a p-value of >0.25. CAM use was reported in 53.3% (n = 428). In bivariate analysis, CAM use was the highest among those 40-49 years of age (61%; p < 0.05), males (56%; p < 0.01), whites (61%; p = 0.001), and those educated beyond high school (59%; p < 0.05). Among those using CAM, 63% and 37% reported one and two or more CAM modalities, respectively. CAM modalities included biologically based therapies (89%), mind-body medicine/manipulative body-based therapies (30%), spiritual healing (23%), energy therapies (6%), and whole medical systems (6%). In multivariable analyses, any CAM use and number of CAM methods used were not associated with ART adherence. Any CAM use was not associated with detectable viral load (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58-1.12; p = 0.20). Those using two or more methods had significantly decreased risk for detectable viral load (aOR 0.60; 95% CI 0.39-0.92; p < 0.02). CAM use was not associated with negative effects on ART adherence. CAM users were less likely to have detectable viral load compared with non-users. Future research should focus on CAM use among PLWH not engaged in HIV care and the longitudinal patterns of CAM use and possible effects of long-term health outcomes.
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Date Issued: 2016-11-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27631385, 10.1089/acm.2016.0190, PMC5116687, 27631385, 27631385
Format: Citation

Title: The sequential pathway between trauma-related symptom severity and cognitive-based smoking processes through perceived stress and negative affect reduction expectancies among trauma exposed smokers.
Creator: Garey, Lorra, Cheema, Mina K, Otal, Tanveer K, Schmidt, Norman B, Neighbors, Clayton, Zvolensky, Michael J
Abstract/Description: Smoking rates are markedly higher among trauma-exposed individuals relative to non-trauma-exposed individuals. Extant work suggests that both perceived stress and negative affect reduction smoking expectancies are independent mechanisms that link trauma-related symptoms and smoking. Yet, no work has examined perceived stress and negative affect reduction smoking expectancies as potential explanatory variables for the relation between trauma-related symptom severity and smoking in a sequential...
Show moreSmoking rates are markedly higher among trauma-exposed individuals relative to non-trauma-exposed individuals. Extant work suggests that both perceived stress and negative affect reduction smoking expectancies are independent mechanisms that link trauma-related symptoms and smoking. Yet, no work has examined perceived stress and negative affect reduction smoking expectancies as potential explanatory variables for the relation between trauma-related symptom severity and smoking in a sequential pathway model. Methods The present study utilized a sample of treatment-seeking, trauma-exposed smokers (n = 363; 49.0% female) to examine perceived stress and negative affect reduction expectancies for smoking as potential sequential explanatory variables linking trauma-related symptom severity and nicotine dependence, perceived barriers to smoking cessation, and severity of withdrawal-related problems and symptoms during past quit attempts. As hypothesized, perceived stress and negative affect reduction expectancies had a significant sequential indirect effect on trauma-related symptom severity and criterion variables. Findings further elucidate the complex pathways through which trauma-related symptoms contribute to smoking behavior and cognitions, and highlight the importance of addressing perceived stress and negative affect reduction expectancies in smoking cessation programs among trauma-exposed individuals. (Am J Addict 2016;25:565-572).
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Date Issued: 2016-10-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27658236, 10.1111/ajad.12442, PMC5531681, 27658236, 27658236
Format: Citation

Title: Genetic and environmental associations between body dissatisfaction, weight preoccupation, and binge eating: Evidence for a common factor with differential loadings across symptom type..
Creator: O'Connor, Shannon M, Beam, Christopher R, Luo, Xiaochen, Cohen, L Adelyn, VanHuysse, Jessica L, Emery, Robert E, Turkheimer, Eric, Keel, Pamela K, Burt, S Alexandra, Neale,...
Show moreO'Connor, Shannon M, Beam, Christopher R, Luo, Xiaochen, Cohen, L Adelyn, VanHuysse, Jessica L, Emery, Robert E, Turkheimer, Eric, Keel, Pamela K, Burt, S Alexandra, Neale, Michael, Boker, Steven, Klump, Kelly
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Abstract/Description: Prior twin studies provide support for a single "common factor" that contributes genetic and environmental risk to a range of disordered eating symptoms. However, the common factor may be indexed less well by binge eating (BE) than other symptoms of eating disorders [i.e., body dissatisfaction (BD) and weight preoccupation (WP)]. We sought to explore the presence of a common factor and test whether loadings differed across three key symptoms (i.e., BE, BD, WP). Disordered eating was assessed...
Show morePrior twin studies provide support for a single "common factor" that contributes genetic and environmental risk to a range of disordered eating symptoms. However, the common factor may be indexed less well by binge eating (BE) than other symptoms of eating disorders [i.e., body dissatisfaction (BD) and weight preoccupation (WP)]. We sought to explore the presence of a common factor and test whether loadings differed across three key symptoms (i.e., BE, BD, WP). Disordered eating was assessed via self-report in 631 female twin pairs from the Michigan State University Twin Registry. We detected a common disordered eating factor that was influenced primarily by additive genetic and nonshared environmental influences. However, we observed different loadings on this common factor by symptom type, as factor loadings for BD and WP were stronger than that for BE. Moreover, the residual environmental and/or genetic variances (i.e., those that are independent of the common factor) were larger in BE than those of BD or WP. Although all three symptoms share a common set of genetic and environmental influences, risk for BE may involve additional genetic, biological, and environmental factors that are not shared with other symptoms of eating pathology. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:157-161).
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Date Issued: 2017-02-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27636116, 10.1002/eat.22625, PMC5291810, 27636116, 27636116
Format: Citation

Title: Risk Factors for Substance Misuse and Adolescents' Symptoms of Depression.
Creator: Siennick, Sonja E, Widdowson, Alex O, Woessner, Mathew K, Feinberg, Mark E, Spoth, Richard L
Abstract/Description: Depressive symptoms during adolescence are positively associated with peer-related beliefs, perceptions, and experiences that are known risk factors for substance misuse. These same risk factors are targeted by many universal substance misuse prevention programs. This study examined whether a multicomponent universal substance misuse intervention for middle schoolers reduced the associations between depressive symptoms, these risk factors, and substance misuse. The study used data from a...
Show moreDepressive symptoms during adolescence are positively associated with peer-related beliefs, perceptions, and experiences that are known risk factors for substance misuse. These same risk factors are targeted by many universal substance misuse prevention programs. This study examined whether a multicomponent universal substance misuse intervention for middle schoolers reduced the associations between depressive symptoms, these risk factors, and substance misuse. The study used data from a place-randomized trial of the Promoting School-Community-University Partnerships to Enhance Resilience model for delivery of evidence-based substance misuse programs for middle schoolers. Three-level within-person regression models were applied to four waves of survey, and social network data from 636 adolescents followed from sixth through ninth grades. When adolescents in control school districts had more symptoms of depression, they believed more strongly that substance use had social benefits, perceived higher levels of substance misuse among their peers and friends, and had more friends who misused substances, although they were not more likely to use substances themselves. Many of the positive associations of depressive symptoms with peer-related risk factors were significantly weaker or not present among adolescents in intervention school districts. The Promoting School-Community-University Partnerships to Enhance Resilience interventions reduced the positive associations of adolescent symptoms of depression with peer-related risk factors for substance misuse.
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Date Issued: 2017-01-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27751712, 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.08.010, PMC5182119, 27751712, 27751712, S1054-139X(16)30254-3
Format: Citation

Title: Insomnia and suicide-related behaviors: A multi-study investigation of thwarted belongingness as a distinct explanatory factor..
Creator: Chu, Carol, Hom, Melanie A, Rogers, Megan L, Stanley, Ian H, Ringer-Moberg, Fallon B, Podlogar, Matthew C, Hirsch, Jameson K, Joiner, Thomas E
Abstract/Description: Insomnia is a robust correlate of suicidal ideation and behavior. Preliminary research has identified thwarted belongingness (c.f. social disconnection) as an explanatory link between insomnia and suicidal ideation. This study replicates and extends previous findings using both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs in four demographically diverse samples. Additionally, the specificity of thwarted belongingness was evaluated by testing anxiety as a rival mediator. Self-report measures of...
Show moreInsomnia is a robust correlate of suicidal ideation and behavior. Preliminary research has identified thwarted belongingness (c.f. social disconnection) as an explanatory link between insomnia and suicidal ideation. This study replicates and extends previous findings using both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs in four demographically diverse samples. Additionally, the specificity of thwarted belongingness was evaluated by testing anxiety as a rival mediator. Self-report measures of insomnia symptoms, thwarted belongingness, suicidal ideation and behavior, and anxiety were administered in four adult samples: 469 undergraduate students, 352 psychiatric outpatients, 858 firefighters, and 217 primary care patients. More severe insomnia was associated with more severe thwarted belongingness and suicidality. Thwarted belongingness significantly accounted for the association between insomnia and suicidality, cross-sectionally and longitudinally, beyond anxiety. Notably, findings supported the specificity of thwarted belongingness: anxiety did not significantly mediate the association between insomnia and suicidality, and insomnia did not mediate the relation between thwarted belongingness and suicidality. This study relied solely on self-report measures. Future studies incorporating objective sleep measurements are needed. Findings underscore the utility of assessing and addressing sleep disturbances and social disconnection to reduce suicide risk.
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Date Issued: 2017-01-15
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27770645, 10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.065, PMC5154904, 27770645, 27770645, S0165-0327(16)31130-2
Format: Citation

Title: Parent-Reported Bullying and Child Weight Gain between Ages 6 and 15.
Creator: Sutin, Angelina R, Robinson, Eric, Daly, Michael, Terracciano, Antonio
Abstract/Description: Childhood bullying has long-term negative mental and physical health correlates, including weight gain and symptoms of depression. The purpose of this research is to examine whether bullying in the first year of school is associated with greater weight gain by early adolescence and whether adolescent depressive symptoms mediate this association. Data were drawn from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Children (N = 3929) were measured every 2 years; BMI and waist circumference were...
Show moreChildhood bullying has long-term negative mental and physical health correlates, including weight gain and symptoms of depression. The purpose of this research is to examine whether bullying in the first year of school is associated with greater weight gain by early adolescence and whether adolescent depressive symptoms mediate this association. Data were drawn from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Children (N = 3929) were measured every 2 years; BMI and waist circumference were available from ages 4 to 15. Parents reported on bullying at age 6. Children reported on their depressive symptoms at ages 12-13. Participants who weighed in the obese category at age 4 had an over 50% increased risk of being bullied in school at age 6. Being bullied at age 6 was associated with excess weight gain between ages 6 and 15, defined as either BMI or waist circumference. Depressive symptoms at age 12 partially explained the association between bullying and increases in adiposity. None of the associations varied by gender. Similar to other forms of peer victimization, bullying early in school is associated with greater weight gain through early adolescence; depressive symptom is one mechanism that contributes to this association.
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Date Issued: 2016-12-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27710013, 10.1089/chi.2016.0185, PMC5107668, 27710013, 27710013
Format: Citation

Title: Academic Achievement Among Juvenile Detainees.
Creator: Grigorenko, Elena L, Macomber, Donna, Hart, Lesley, Naples, Adam, Chapman, John, Geib, Catherine F, Chart, Hilary, Tan, Mei, Wolhendler, Baruch, Wagner, Richard
Abstract/Description: The literature has long pointed to heightened frequencies of learning disabilities (LD) within the population of law offenders; however, a systematic appraisal of these observations, careful estimation of these frequencies, and investigation of their correlates and causes have been lacking. Here we present data collected from all youth (1,337 unique admissions, mean age 14.81, 20.3% females) placed in detention in Connecticut (January 1, 2010-July 1, 2011). All youth completed a computerized...
Show moreThe literature has long pointed to heightened frequencies of learning disabilities (LD) within the population of law offenders; however, a systematic appraisal of these observations, careful estimation of these frequencies, and investigation of their correlates and causes have been lacking. Here we present data collected from all youth (1,337 unique admissions, mean age 14.81, 20.3% females) placed in detention in Connecticut (January 1, 2010-July 1, 2011). All youth completed a computerized educational screener designed to test a range of performance in reading (word and text levels) and mathematics. A subsample (n = 410) received the Wide Range Achievement Test, in addition to the educational screener. Quantitative (scale-based) and qualitative (grade-equivalence-based) indicators were then analyzed for both assessments. Results established the range of LD in this sample from 13% to 40%, averaging 24.9%. This work provides a systematic exploration of the type and severity of word and text reading and mathematics skill deficiencies among juvenile detainees and builds the foundation for subsequent efforts that may link these deficiencies to both more formal, structured, and variable definitions and classifications of LD, and to other types of disabilities (e.g., intellectual disability) and developmental disorders (e.g., ADHD) that need to be conducted in future research.
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Date Issued: 2015-07-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_24064502, 10.1177/0022219413500991, PMC5064284, 24064502, 24064502, 0022219413500991
Format: Citation

Title: Examining the Factor Structure and Structural Invariance of the PANAS Across Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults.
Creator: Allan, Nicholas P, Lonigan, Christopher J, Phillips, Beth M
Abstract/Description: It is unclear what factor structure best represents the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) from childhood to adulthood. The PANAS structure was examined in a sample of 555 children (M age = 11.66, SD = 1.24), 608 adolescents (M age = 15.45, SD = 1.09), and 553 young adults (M age = 18.75, SD = 1.00). A partially invariant model consisting of Positive Affect, Fear, and Distress factors best represented the PANAS across all age groups, indicating that the underlying constructs are...
Show moreIt is unclear what factor structure best represents the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) from childhood to adulthood. The PANAS structure was examined in a sample of 555 children (M age = 11.66, SD = 1.24), 608 adolescents (M age = 15.45, SD = 1.09), and 553 young adults (M age = 18.75, SD = 1.00). A partially invariant model consisting of Positive Affect, Fear, and Distress factors best represented the PANAS across all age groups, indicating that the underlying constructs are the same across age but that the factors become increasingly interrelated with increasing age.
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Date Issued: 2015-01-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_25975209, 10.1080/00223891.2015.1038388, PMC4609236, 25975209, 25975209
Format: Citation

Title: Factor structure and aetiological architecture of the BRIEF: A twin study..
Creator: Little, Callie W, Taylor, Jeanette, Moltisanti, Allison, Ennis, Chelsea, Hart, Sara A, Schatschneider, Chris
Abstract/Description: Executive function is a broad construct that encompasses various processes involved in goal-directed behaviour in non-routine situations (Banich, 2009). The present study uses a sample of 560 5- to 16-year-old twin pairs (M = 11.14, SD = 2.53): 219 monozygotic twin pairs (114 female; 105 male) and 341 dizygotic twin pairs (136 female, 107 male; 98 opposite sex) to extend prior literature by providing information about the factor structure and the genetic and environmental architecture of the...
Show moreExecutive function is a broad construct that encompasses various processes involved in goal-directed behaviour in non-routine situations (Banich, 2009). The present study uses a sample of 560 5- to 16-year-old twin pairs (M = 11.14, SD = 2.53): 219 monozygotic twin pairs (114 female; 105 male) and 341 dizygotic twin pairs (136 female, 107 male; 98 opposite sex) to extend prior literature by providing information about the factor structure and the genetic and environmental architecture of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF; Gioia et al., 2000, Child Neuropsychol., 6, 235; Gioia et al., 2000, Behavior rating inventory of executive function, Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources), a multifaceted rating scale of everyday executive functions. Phenotypic results revealed a 9-scale, 3-factor model best represents the BRIEF structure within the current sample. Results of the genetically sensitive analyses indicated the presence of rater bias/contrast effects for the Initiate, Working Memory, and Task-Monitor scales. Additive genetic and non-shared environmental influences were present for the Initiate, Plan/Organize, Organization of Materials, Shift, and Monitor and Self-Monitor scales. Influences on Emotional Control were solely environmental. Interestingly, the aetiological architecture observed was similar to that of performance-based measures of executive function. This observed similarity provided additional evidence for the usefulness of the BRIEF as a measure of 'everyday' executive function.
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Date Issued: 2017-06-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26351204, 10.1111/jnp.12084, PMC4833672, 26351204, 26351204
Format: Citation

Title: Genome-Wide Association and Exome Sequencing Study of Language Disorder in an Isolated Population.
Creator: Kornilov, Sergey A, Rakhlin, Natalia, Koposov, Roman, Lee, Maria, Yrigollen, Carolyn, Caglayan, Ahmet Okay, Magnuson, James S, Mane, Shrikant, Chang, Joseph T, Grigorenko, Elena L
Abstract/Description: Developmental language disorder (DLD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder associated with negative outcomes in different domains; the etiology of DLD is unknown. To investigate the genetic underpinnings of DLD, we performed genome-wide association and whole exome sequencing studies in a geographically isolated population with a substantially elevated prevalence of the disorder (ie, the AZ sample). DNA samples were collected from 359 individuals for the genome-wide association...
Show moreDevelopmental language disorder (DLD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder associated with negative outcomes in different domains; the etiology of DLD is unknown. To investigate the genetic underpinnings of DLD, we performed genome-wide association and whole exome sequencing studies in a geographically isolated population with a substantially elevated prevalence of the disorder (ie, the AZ sample). DNA samples were collected from 359 individuals for the genome-wide association study and from 12 severely affected individuals for whole exome sequencing. Multifaceted phenotypes, representing major domains of expressive language functioning, were derived from collected speech samples. Gene-based analyses revealed a significant association between SETBP1 and complexity of linguistic output (P = 5.47 × 10(-7)). The analysis of exome variants revealed coding sequence variants in 14 genes, most of which play a role in neural development. Targeted enrichment analysis implicated myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2)-regulated genes in DLD in the AZ population. The main findings were successfully replicated in an independent cohort of children at risk for related disorders (n = 372). MEF2-regulated pathways were identified as potential candidate pathways in the etiology of DLD. Several genes (including the candidate SETBP1 and other MEF2-related genes) seem to jointly influence certain, but not all, facets of the DLD phenotype. Even when genetic and environmental diversity is reduced, DLD is best conceptualized as etiologically complex. Future research should establish whether the signals detected in the AZ population can be replicated in other samples and languages and provide further characterization of the identified pathway.
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Date Issued: 2016-04-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27016271, 10.1542/peds.2015-2469, PMC4811310, 27016271, 27016271, peds.2015-2469
Format: Citation

Title: Gender and agreement processing in children with developmental language disorder.
Creator: Rakhlin, Natalia, Kornilov, Sergey A, Grigorenko, Elena L
Abstract/Description: Two experiments tested whether Russian-speaking children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) are sensitive to gender agreement when performing a gender decision task. In Experiment 1, the presence of overt gender agreement between verbs and/or adjectival modifiers and postverbal subject nouns memory was varied. In Experiment 2, agreement violations were introduced and the targets varied between words, pseudo-words, or pseudo-words with derivational suffixes. In both experiments,...
Show moreTwo experiments tested whether Russian-speaking children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) are sensitive to gender agreement when performing a gender decision task. In Experiment 1, the presence of overt gender agreement between verbs and/or adjectival modifiers and postverbal subject nouns memory was varied. In Experiment 2, agreement violations were introduced and the targets varied between words, pseudo-words, or pseudo-words with derivational suffixes. In both experiments, children with DLD did not differ from typically developing children in their reaction time or sensitivity to agreement features. In both groups, trials with feminine gender resulted in a higher error rate. Children with DLD displayed lower overall accuracy, which was related to differences in phonological memory in both experiments. Furthermore, in Experiment 1 group differences were not maintained after phonological memory was entered as a covariate. The results are discussed with respect to various processing and linguistic theories of DLD.
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Date Issued: 2014-03-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_23390959, 10.1017/S030500091200058X, PMC4573562, 23390959, 23390959, S030500091200058X
Format: Citation

Title: Examining the factor structure and etiology of prosociality.
Creator: Mikolajewski, Amy J, Chavarria, Jesus, Moltisanti, Allison, Hart, Sara A, Taylor, Jeanette
Abstract/Description: Prosociality is one construct included in the developmental propensity model proposed by Lahey and Waldman (2003, 2005) to explain the development of conduct problems in childhood and adolescence. Findings from previous literature on 2 facets of prosociality, dispositional sympathy and respect for rules, suggest that both may have genetic and nonshared environmental influences, but only the latter may have shared environmental influence. The goal of the current article was to explore the...
Show moreProsociality is one construct included in the developmental propensity model proposed by Lahey and Waldman (2003, 2005) to explain the development of conduct problems in childhood and adolescence. Findings from previous literature on 2 facets of prosociality, dispositional sympathy and respect for rules, suggest that both may have genetic and nonshared environmental influences, but only the latter may have shared environmental influence. The goal of the current article was to explore the structure of the prosociality disposition from a measurement perspective as well as to examine the etiology of this construct. The sample consisted of 686 twin pairs ages 7 to 13. Parents rated their children's prosociality using the Child and Adolescent Dispositions Scale. The factor structure of the prosociality scale was examined using confirmatory factor analysis to compare a 1-factor model with a 2-factor model. Twin analyses were used to examine the proportion of variance associated with genetic and environmental effects on the latent factor(s) from the best fitting model. Results of the current study suggest that prosociality is a disposition that can be conceptualized as 2 related factors rather than a unitary dimension. These 2 factors map onto the subscales of the prosociality dimension (dispositional sympathy and respect for rules). Both factors had significant genetic and nonshared environmental influences, but only respect for rules had significant shared environmental influences. Examining the dispositional sympathy and respect for rules facets of prosociality separately allowed for the discovery that shared environmental factors may have more impact on respect for rules than sympathy.
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Date Issued: 2014-12-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_24885847, 10.1037/a0037132, PMC4254383, 24885847, 24885847, 2014-22379-001
Format: Citation

Title: Exploration of anxiety sensitivity and distress tolerance as vulnerability factors for hoarding behaviors.
Creator: Timpano, Kiara R, Buckner, Julia D, Richey, J Anthony, Murphy, Dennis L, Schmidt, Norman B
Abstract/Description: The phenomenon of compulsive hoarding, characterized by the acquisition of and failure to discard a large number of possessions, is increasingly recognized as a significant public health burden. Despite the magnitude of the impairment associated with this condition, empirical research is still in the nascent stages and many facets of the phenomenology, underlying vulnerability and risk factors for hoarding, are as of yet unknown. The overall aim of the current investigation was to examine the...
Show moreThe phenomenon of compulsive hoarding, characterized by the acquisition of and failure to discard a large number of possessions, is increasingly recognized as a significant public health burden. Despite the magnitude of the impairment associated with this condition, empirical research is still in the nascent stages and many facets of the phenomenology, underlying vulnerability and risk factors for hoarding, are as of yet unknown. The overall aim of the current investigation was to examine the association between hoarding behaviors and two potential vulnerability factors-anxiety sensitivity (AS) and distress tolerance (DT). In addition, we investigated the robustness of these associations as well as the interaction between the two hypothesized risk factors. Three studies (total N=745) involving independent nonclinical samples assessed hoarding, AS, DT, and relevant covariates using a range of measures. Resutlts: Findings revealed that AS and hoarding are significantly and robustly associated with one another beyond general depressive, anxiety, and nonhoarding obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Hoarding was also found to be associated with low DT. Consistent with prediction, AS and DT interacted such that DT may play a less important role among individuals with low AS. By contrast, low DT appears to increase vulnerability to hoarding symptoms among individuals high in AS. Results are discussed with regard to future research and treatment implications. Depression and Anxiety, 2009. Published 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Date Issued: 2009-01-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_19123454, 10.1002/da.20469, PMC2770430, 19123454, 19123454
Format: Citation

Title: Lexical processing deficits in children with developmental language disorder: An event-related potentials study..
Creator: Kornilov, Sergey A, Magnuson, James S, Rakhlin, Natalia, Landi, Nicole, Grigorenko, Elena L
Abstract/Description: Lexical processing deficits in children with developmental language disorder (DLD) have been postulated to arise as sequelae of their grammatical deficits (either directly or via compensatory mechanisms) and vice versa. We examined event-related potential indices of lexical processing in children with DLD (n = 23) and their typically developing peers (n = 16) using a picture-word matching paradigm. We found that children with DLD showed markedly reduced N400 amplitudes in response both to...
Show moreLexical processing deficits in children with developmental language disorder (DLD) have been postulated to arise as sequelae of their grammatical deficits (either directly or via compensatory mechanisms) and vice versa. We examined event-related potential indices of lexical processing in children with DLD (n = 23) and their typically developing peers (n = 16) using a picture-word matching paradigm. We found that children with DLD showed markedly reduced N400 amplitudes in response both to auditorily presented words that had initial phonological overlap with the name of the pictured object and to words that were not semantically or phonologically related to the pictured object. Moreover, this reduction was related to behavioral indices of phonological and lexical but not grammatical development. We also found that children with DLD showed a depressed phonological mapping negativity component in the early time window, suggesting deficits in phonological processing or early lexical access. The results are partially consistent with the overactivation account of lexical processing deficits in DLD and point to the relative functional independence of lexical/phonological and grammatical deficits in DLD, supporting a multidimensional view of the disorder. The results also, although indirectly, support the neuroplasticity account of DLD, according to which language impairment affects brain development and shapes the specific patterns of brain responses to language stimuli.
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Date Issued: 2015-05-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_25997765, 10.1017/S0954579415000097, PMC4606961, 25997765, 25997765, S0954579415000097
Format: Citation

Title: Lexical decision as an endophenotype for reading comprehension: an exploration of an association..
Creator: Naples, Adam, Katz, Len, Grigorenko, Elena L
Abstract/Description: Based on numerous suggestions in the literature, we evaluated lexical decision (LD) as a putative endophenotype for reading comprehension by investigating heritability estimates and segregation analyses parameter estimates for both of these phenotypes. Specifically, in a segregation analysis of a large sample of families, we established that there is little to no overlap between genes contributing to LD and reading comprehension and that the genetic mechanism behind LD derived from this...
Show moreBased on numerous suggestions in the literature, we evaluated lexical decision (LD) as a putative endophenotype for reading comprehension by investigating heritability estimates and segregation analyses parameter estimates for both of these phenotypes. Specifically, in a segregation analysis of a large sample of families, we established that there is little to no overlap between genes contributing to LD and reading comprehension and that the genetic mechanism behind LD derived from this analysis appears to be more complex than that for reading comprehension. We conclude that in our sample, LD is not a good candidate as an endophenotype for reading comprehension, despite previous suggestions from the literature. Based on this conclusion, we discuss the role and benefit of the endophenotype approach in studies of complex human cognitive functions.
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Date Issued: 2012-11-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_23062302, 10.1017/S0954579412000752, PMC3541527, 23062302, 23062302, S0954579412000752
Format: Citation

Title: Impact of a low-intensity pedagogical model for integrating MedlinePlus exercises into middle school nutrition lessons.
Creator: Rankins, Jenice, Kirksey, Otis, Bogan, Yolanda, Brown, Betty
Abstract/Description: The research developed and pilot-tested MedlinePlus exercises in a diet-related chronic disease prevention (DCDP) middle school lesson unit called "Live." MedlinePlus exercises were jointly developed by two middle school family and consumer sciences (FCS) teachers and integrated into the "Live" DCDP lesson unit. FCS classes (n = 4) who had participated in a prior "Live" study were chosen to pilot-test the MedlinePlus-supplemented exercises. Evaluation measures included student satisfaction ...
Show moreThe research developed and pilot-tested MedlinePlus exercises in a diet-related chronic disease prevention (DCDP) middle school lesson unit called "Live." MedlinePlus exercises were jointly developed by two middle school family and consumer sciences (FCS) teachers and integrated into the "Live" DCDP lesson unit. FCS classes (n = 4) who had participated in a prior "Live" study were chosen to pilot-test the MedlinePlus-supplemented exercises. Evaluation measures included student satisfaction (assessed using an 8-item pre- and posttest questionnaire), knowledge gained, and attitudinal changes (assessed with an abridged version of a previously developed "Live" questionnaire). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. Of 62 total study participants, 56 (92.3%) said that they were either "somewhat" or "clearly": (a) more likely to use MedlinePlus as a future source for answering questions about their personal health and (b) more knowledgeable about how eating habits can help prevent disease. Selected parameters were improved for nutrition knowledge (P < 0.01) and attitudes (P < 0.01) related to healthy eating. MedlinePlus has good potential for efficiently communicating trustworthy diet-related disease-prevention behaviors to adolescents in an existing classroom curriculum.
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Date Issued: 2007-10-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_17971886, 10.3163/1536-5050.95.4.388, PMC2000791, 17971886, 17971886
Format: Citation

Title: Intergenerational transmission of relationship aggression: a prospective longitudinal study..
Creator: Cui, Ming, Durtschi, Jared A, Donnellan, M Brent, Lorenz, Frederick O, Conger, Rand D
Abstract/Description: The present study examined whether physical and verbal aggression in the family of origin were associated with similar patterns of aggression in young adult couples. Hypotheses were tested using a sample of 213 focal individuals who were followed from adolescence to adulthood. Results suggested that aggression in the family when focal participants were adolescents predicted aggression with romantic partners when participants were adults. The association between interparental aggression and...
Show moreThe present study examined whether physical and verbal aggression in the family of origin were associated with similar patterns of aggression in young adult couples. Hypotheses were tested using a sample of 213 focal individuals who were followed from adolescence to adulthood. Results suggested that aggression in the family when focal participants were adolescents predicted aggression with romantic partners when participants were adults. The association between interparental aggression and later aggression in adult romantic unions was partially mediated through parents' aggression to focal participants when they were adolescents. Both physical and verbal aggression revealed the same pattern of findings. All together, these findings are consistent with a developmental-interactional perspective (Capaldi & Gorman-Smith, 2003) concerning the developmental origins of aggression in intimate relationships.
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Date Issued: 2010-12-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_21171767, 10.1037/a0021675, PMC3296128, 21171767, 21171767, 2010-25811-003
Format: Citation

Title: Kallikrein cascades in traumatic spinal cord injury: in vitro evidence for roles in axonopathy and neuron degeneration..
Creator: Radulovic, Maja, Yoon, Hyesook, Larson, Nadya, Wu, Jianmin, Linbo, Rachel, Burda, Joshua E, Diamandis, Eleftherios P, Blaber, Sachiko I, Blaber, Michael, Fehlings, Michael G,...
Show moreRadulovic, Maja, Yoon, Hyesook, Larson, Nadya, Wu, Jianmin, Linbo, Rachel, Burda, Joshua E, Diamandis, Eleftherios P, Blaber, Sachiko I, Blaber, Michael, Fehlings, Michael G, Scarisbrick, Isobel A
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Abstract/Description: Kallikreins (KLKs) are a family of 15 secreted serine proteases with emerging roles in neurologic diseases. To illuminate their contributions to the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI), we evaluated acute through chronic changes in the immunohistochemical appearance of 6 KLKs (KLK1, KLK5, KLK6, KLK7, KLK8, and KLK9) in postmortem human traumatic SCI cases, quantified their RNA expression levels in experimental murine SCI, and assessed the impact of recombinant forms of each enzyme...
Show moreKallikreins (KLKs) are a family of 15 secreted serine proteases with emerging roles in neurologic diseases. To illuminate their contributions to the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI), we evaluated acute through chronic changes in the immunohistochemical appearance of 6 KLKs (KLK1, KLK5, KLK6, KLK7, KLK8, and KLK9) in postmortem human traumatic SCI cases, quantified their RNA expression levels in experimental murine SCI, and assessed the impact of recombinant forms of each enzyme toward murine cortical neurons in vitro. Temporally and spatially distinct changes in KLK expression were observed with partially overlapping patterns between human and murine SCI, including peak elevations (or reductions) during the acute and subacute periods. Kallikrein 9 showed the most marked changes and remained chronically elevated. Importantly, a subset of KLKs (KLK1, KLK5, KLK6, KLK7, and KLK9) were neurotoxic toward primary neurons in vitro. Kallikrein immunoreactivity was also observed in association with swollen axons and retraction bulbs in the human SCI cases examined. Together, these findings demonstrate that elevated levels of a significant subset of KLKs are positioned to contribute to neurodegenerative changes in cases of CNS trauma and disease and, therefore, represent new potential targets for the development of neuroprotective strategies.
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Date Issued: 2013-11-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_24128681, 10.1097/NEN.0000000000000007, PMC4097185, 24128681, 24128681
Format: Citation

Title: Identifying learning patterns of children at risk for Specific Reading Disability.
Creator: Barbot, Baptiste, Krivulskaya, Suzanna, Hein, Sascha, Reich, Jodi, Thuma, Philip E, Grigorenko, Elena L
Abstract/Description: Differences in learning patterns of vocabulary acquisition in children at risk (+SRD) and not at risk (-SRD) for Specific Reading Disability (SRD) were examined using a microdevelopmental paradigm applied to the multi-trial Foreign Language Learning Task (FLLT; Baddeley et al., 1995). The FLLT was administered to 905 children from rural Chitonga-speaking Zambia. A multi-group Latent Growth Curve Model (LGCM) was implemented to study interindividual differences in intraindividual change across...
Show moreDifferences in learning patterns of vocabulary acquisition in children at risk (+SRD) and not at risk (-SRD) for Specific Reading Disability (SRD) were examined using a microdevelopmental paradigm applied to the multi-trial Foreign Language Learning Task (FLLT; Baddeley et al., 1995). The FLLT was administered to 905 children from rural Chitonga-speaking Zambia. A multi-group Latent Growth Curve Model (LGCM) was implemented to study interindividual differences in intraindividual change across trials. Results showed that the +SRD group recalled fewer words correctly in the first trial, learned at a slower rate during the subsequent trials, and demonstrated a more linear learning pattern compared to the -SRD group. This study illustrates the promise of LGCM applied to multi-trial learning tasks, by isolating three components of the learning process (initial recall, rate of learning, and functional pattern of learning). Implications of this microdevelopmental approach to SRD research in low-to-middle income countries are discussed.
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Date Issued: 2016-05-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26037654, 10.1111/desc.12313, PMC4751058, 26037654, 26037654
Format: Citation

Title: Negative affect shares genetic and environmental influences with symptoms of childhood internalizing and externalizing disorders.
Creator: Mikolajewski, Amy J, Allan, Nicholas P, Hart, Sara A, Lonigan, Christopher J, Taylor, Jeanette
Abstract/Description: The co-occurrence of internalizing and externalizing disorders suggests that they may have common underlying vulnerability factors. Research has shown that negative affect is moderately positively correlated with both internalizing and externalizing disorders in children. The present study is the first to provide an examination of negative affect in relation to a wide spectrum of childhood internalizing and externalizing problems using a biometric model. This study extends prior findings of...
Show moreThe co-occurrence of internalizing and externalizing disorders suggests that they may have common underlying vulnerability factors. Research has shown that negative affect is moderately positively correlated with both internalizing and externalizing disorders in children. The present study is the first to provide an examination of negative affect in relation to a wide spectrum of childhood internalizing and externalizing problems using a biometric model. This study extends prior findings of more narrowly focused associations by using a factor approach including multiple disorders. The sample for this study included families of 691 same-sex 7- to 13-year old twin pairs. A multifactorial independent pathway model was used to examine the genetic and environmental influences underlying the covariation of parent-reported negative affect, internalizing symptoms, and externalizing symptoms. Results of the current study suggest that negative affect shares genetic and environmental influences with both internalizing and externalizing disorders in childhood. These common influences may partially explain their comorbidity. Understanding that negative affect is at least one contributor to the covariation among these disorders may highlight avenues for early risk assessment, intervention, and perhaps prevention.
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Date Issued: 2013-04-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_23011215, 10.1007/s10802-012-9681-0, PMC3548041, 23011215, 23011215
Format: Citation

Title: Behavioral genetic approach to the study of dyslexia.
Creator: Hensler, Brooke Soden, Schatschneider, Christopher, Taylor, Jeanette, Wagner, Richard K
Abstract/Description: Dyslexia is a prominent focus of practitioners, educators, and researchers because of the myriad consequences of failing to read proficiently. The aim of this study was to provide a brief overview of how twin studies can offer insight on the cause of many human behaviors and disorders including dyslexia, discuss common misconceptions regarding findings from behavioral genetic studies, briefly review the evidence on the relationship between genes, environment, and dyslexia, and finally present...
Show moreDyslexia is a prominent focus of practitioners, educators, and researchers because of the myriad consequences of failing to read proficiently. The aim of this study was to provide a brief overview of how twin studies can offer insight on the cause of many human behaviors and disorders including dyslexia, discuss common misconceptions regarding findings from behavioral genetic studies, briefly review the evidence on the relationship between genes, environment, and dyslexia, and finally present some findings from a large-scale twin study on reading and dyslexia. Participants were twins from a large ethnically and socioeconomically diverse twin sample in an ongoing longitudinal study of reading and dyslexia. Heritabilities of reading ability and dyslexia were calculated for 1,024 first grade twins on a standardized reading measure. Children were identified as dyslexic if they scored at the 15th percentile or below on a reading measure. Relatively high heritabilities were observed for both reading ability and dyslexia indicating substantial genetic influences. Further, results indicated some overlap of genetic factors influencing reading ability and dyslexia. Behavioral genetic studies offer a means of understanding the cause of dyslexia. This study extended research to a more diverse sample than extant studies and found lower heritability estimates of reading ability and dyslexia, but a similar pattern of results indicating possible genetic overlap. Twin studies provide perspective for discoveries of specific genes involved in dyslexia by quantifying the amount of variance waiting to be accounted for by genes while simultaneously providing an impetus to continue working on efforts for environmental intervention.
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Date Issued: 2010-09-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_20814252, 10.1097/DBP.0b013e3181ee4b70, PMC2952936, 20814252, 20814252, 00004703-201009000-00002
Format: Citation

Title: Common genetic and nonshared environmental factors contribute to the association between socioemotional dispositions and the externalizing factor in children.
Creator: Taylor, Jeanette, Allan, Nicholas, Mikolajewski, Amy J, Hart, Sara A
Abstract/Description: Childhood behavioral disorders including conduct disorder (CD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often co-occur. Prior twin research shows that common sets of genetic and environmental factors are associated with these various disorders and they form a latent factor called Externalizing. The developmental propensity model posits that CD develops in part from socioemotional dispositions of prosociality, negative emotionality, and daring;...
Show moreChildhood behavioral disorders including conduct disorder (CD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often co-occur. Prior twin research shows that common sets of genetic and environmental factors are associated with these various disorders and they form a latent factor called Externalizing. The developmental propensity model posits that CD develops in part from socioemotional dispositions of prosociality, negative emotionality, and daring; and recent research has supported the expected genetic and environmental associations between these dispositions and CD. This study examined the developmental propensity model in relation to the broader Externalizing factor that represents the covariance among behavior disorders in children. Parents of 686 six- to twelve-year-old twin pairs rated them on symptoms of CD, ADHD, and ODD using the disruptive behavior disorder scale and on prosociality, negative emotionality, and daring using the child and adolescent dispositions scale. A latent factor multivariate Cholesky model was used with each disposition latent factor comprised of respective questionnaire items and the Externalizing factor comprised of symptom dimensions of CD, ADHD inattention, ADHD hyperactivity/impulsivity, and ODD. Results supported the hypothesis that the socioemotional dispositions and the Externalizing factor have genetic factors in common, but there was not a single genetic factor associated with all of the constructs. As expected, nonshared environment factors were shared by the dispositions and externalizing factor but, again, no single nonshared environmental factor was common to all constructs. A shared environmental factor was associated with both negative emotionality and externalizing. The developmental propensity model was supported and appears to extend to the broader externalizing spectrum of childhood disorders. Socioemotional dispositions of prosociality, negative emotionality, and (to a lesser extent) daring may contribute to the covariation among behavioral disorders and perhaps to their comorbid expression through common sets of primarily genetic but also environmental factors.
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Date Issued: 2013-01-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_23017065, PMC3527638, 23017065, 23017065
Format: Citation

Title: Comparison of whole-genome DNA methylation patterns in whole blood, saliva, and lymphoblastoid cell lines.
Creator: Thompson, Tara M, Sharfi, Duaa, Lee, Maria, Yrigollen, Carolyn M, Naumova, Oksana Yu, Grigorenko, Elena L
Abstract/Description: Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, that underlie neuropsychiatric conditions have become a promising area of research. Most commonly used DNA sources in such studies are peripheral (whole) blood (WB), saliva (SL), and lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs); thus, the question of the consistency of DNA methylation patterns in those cells is of particular interest. To investigate this question we performed comparative analyses of methylation patterns in WB, SL, and LCLs derived from...
Show moreEpigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, that underlie neuropsychiatric conditions have become a promising area of research. Most commonly used DNA sources in such studies are peripheral (whole) blood (WB), saliva (SL), and lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs); thus, the question of the consistency of DNA methylation patterns in those cells is of particular interest. To investigate this question we performed comparative analyses of methylation patterns in WB, SL, and LCLs derived from the same individuals, using Illumina HumanMethylation27 BeadChip arrays. Our results showed that DNA methylation patterns in SL are relatively consistent with those in WB, whereas the patterns in LCLs are similarly distinct from both WB and SL. The results indicated that due to multiple random and directed changes in DNA methylation throughout cell culturing, LCLs are not a reliable source of DNA for epigenetic studies and should be used with caution when investigating epigenetic mechanisms underlying biological processes.
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Date Issued: 2013-03-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_23269419, 10.1007/s10519-012-9579-1, PMC3577999, 23269419, 23269419
Format: Citation

Title: Personal and cultural identity development in recently immigrated Hispanic adolescents: Links with psychosocial functioning..
Creator: Meca, Alan, Sabet, Raha F, Farrelly, Colleen M, Benitez, Cynthia G, Schwartz, Seth J, Gonzales-Backen, Melinda, Lorenzo-Blanco, Elma I, Unger, Jennifer B, Zamboanga, Byron L,...
Show moreMeca, Alan, Sabet, Raha F, Farrelly, Colleen M, Benitez, Cynthia G, Schwartz, Seth J, Gonzales-Backen, Melinda, Lorenzo-Blanco, Elma I, Unger, Jennifer B, Zamboanga, Byron L, Baezconde-Garbanati, Lourdes, Picariello, Simona, Des Rosiers, Sabrina E, Soto, Daniel W, Pattarroyo, Monica, Villamar, Juan A, Lizzi, Karina M
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Abstract/Description: This study examined directionality between personal (i.e., coherence and confusion) and cultural identity (i.e., ethnic and U.S.) as well as their additive effects on psychosocial functioning in a sample of recently immigrated Hispanic adolescents. The sample consisted of 302 recent (
Show moreThis study examined directionality between personal (i.e., coherence and confusion) and cultural identity (i.e., ethnic and U.S.) as well as their additive effects on psychosocial functioning in a sample of recently immigrated Hispanic adolescents. The sample consisted of 302 recent (<5 years) immigrant Hispanic adolescents (53% boys; Mage = 14.51 years at baseline; SD = .88 years) from Miami and Los Angeles who participated in a longitudinal study. Results indicated a bidirectional relationship between personal identity coherence and both ethnic and U.S. identity. Ethnic and U.S. affirmation/commitment (A/C) positively and indirectly predicted optimism and negatively predicted rule breaking and aggression through coherence. However, confusion predicted lower self-esteem and optimism and higher depressive symptoms, rule breaking, unprotected sex, and cigarette use. Results further indicated significant site differences. In Los Angeles (but not Miami), ethnic A/C also negatively predicted confusion. Given the direct effects of coherence and confusion on nearly every outcome, it may be beneficial for interventions to target personal identity. However, in contexts such as Los Angeles, which has at least some ambivalence toward recently immigrated Hispanic adolescents, it may be more beneficial for interventions to also target cultural identity to reduce confusion and thus promote positive development. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Date Issued: 2017-07-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28206778, 10.1037/cdp0000129, PMC5491363, 28206778, 28206778, 2017-07131-001
Format: Citation

Title: Pubertal development and anxiety risk independently relate to startle habituation during fear conditioning in 8-14 year-old females.
Creator: Jackson, Felicia, Nelson, Brady D, Meyer, Alexandria, Hajcak, Greg
Abstract/Description: Reduced habituation to aversive stimuli has been observed during adolescence and may reflect an underlying mechanism of vulnerability for anxiety disorders. This study examined the startle reflex during a fear-learning task in 54 8-14-year-old girls. We examined the relationship between mean startle, startle habituation, pubertal development, and two measures linked to risk for anxiety: behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and the error-related negativity (ERN). Puberty, BIS, and the ERN were...
Show moreReduced habituation to aversive stimuli has been observed during adolescence and may reflect an underlying mechanism of vulnerability for anxiety disorders. This study examined the startle reflex during a fear-learning task in 54 8-14-year-old girls. We examined the relationship between mean startle, startle habituation, pubertal development, and two measures linked to risk for anxiety: behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and the error-related negativity (ERN). Puberty, BIS, and the ERN were unrelated to mean startle; however, each measure modulated startle habituation. Greater pubertal development was associated with reduced startle habituation across the CS+ and CS-. Higher BIS related to a larger ERN, and both were associated with reduced startle habituation specifically to the CS+. All effects were independent of each other. Findings suggest that puberty alters habituation of defense system activation to both threat and safety cues, and this is independent of risk for anxiety, which uniquely impacts habituation to threat cues.
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Date Issued: 2017-05-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28383759, 10.1002/dev.21506, PMC5458749, 28383759, 28383759
Format: Citation

Title: Effect of Digoxin Use Among Medicaid Enrollees With Atrial Fibrillation.
Creator: Adedinsewo, Demilade, Xu, Junjun, Agasthi, Pradyumna, Oderinde, Adesoji, Adekeye, Oluwatoyosi, Sachdeva, Rajesh, Rust, George, Onwuanyi, Anekwe
Abstract/Description: Recently published analysis of contemporary atrial fibrillation (AF) cohorts showed an association between digoxin and increased mortality and hospitalizations; however, other studies have demonstrated conflicting results. Many AF cohort studies did not or were unable to examine racial differences. Our goal was to examine risk factors for hospitalizations and mortality with digoxin use in a diverse real-world AF patient population and evaluate racial differences. We performed a retrospective...
Show moreRecently published analysis of contemporary atrial fibrillation (AF) cohorts showed an association between digoxin and increased mortality and hospitalizations; however, other studies have demonstrated conflicting results. Many AF cohort studies did not or were unable to examine racial differences. Our goal was to examine risk factors for hospitalizations and mortality with digoxin use in a diverse real-world AF patient population and evaluate racial differences. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of claims data for Medicaid beneficiaries, aged 18 to 64 years, with incident diagnosis of AF in 2008 with follow-up until December 31, 2009. We created Kaplan-Meier curves and constructed multivariable Cox proportional hazard models for mortality and hospitalization. We identified 11 297 patients with an incident diagnosis of AF in 2008, of those, 1401 (12.4%) were on digoxin. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated an increased risk of hospitalization with digoxin use overall and within race and heart failure groups. In adjusted models, digoxin was associated with an increased risk of hospitalization (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.39-1.70) and mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-2.13). Overall, blacks had a higher risk of hospitalization but similar mortality when compared with whites regardless of digoxin use. We found no significant interaction between race and digoxin use for mortality (=0.4437) and hospitalization (=0.7122). Our study demonstrates an overall increased risk of hospitalizations and mortality with digoxin use but no racial/ethnic differences in outcomes were observed. Further studies including minority populations are needed to critically evaluate these associations.
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Date Issued: 2017-05-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28500174, 10.1161/CIRCEP.116.004573, PMC5522586, 28500174, 28500174, CIRCEP.116.004573
Format: Citation

Title: When Emotional Pain Becomes Physical: Adverse Childhood Experiences, Pain, and the Role of Mood and Anxiety Disorders..
Creator: Sachs-Ericsson, Natalie J, Sheffler, Julia L, Stanley, Ian H, Piazza, Jennifer R, Preacher, Kristopher J
Abstract/Description: We examined the association between retrospective reports of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and painful medical conditions. We also examined the mediating and moderating roles of mood and anxiety disorders in the ACEs-painful medical conditions relationship. Ten-year longitudinal data were obtained from the National Comorbidity Surveys (NCS-1, NCS-2; N = 5001). The NCS-1 obtained reports of ACEs, current health conditions, current pain severity, and mood and anxiety disorders. The NCS-2...
Show moreWe examined the association between retrospective reports of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and painful medical conditions. We also examined the mediating and moderating roles of mood and anxiety disorders in the ACEs-painful medical conditions relationship. Ten-year longitudinal data were obtained from the National Comorbidity Surveys (NCS-1, NCS-2; N = 5001). The NCS-1 obtained reports of ACEs, current health conditions, current pain severity, and mood and anxiety disorders. The NCS-2 assessed for painful medical conditions (e.g., arthritis/rheumatism, chronic back/neck problems, severe headaches, other chronic pain). Specific ACEs (e.g., verbal and sexual abuse, parental psychopathology, and early parental loss) were associated with the painful medical conditions. Baseline measures of depression, bipolar disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder were also associated with the number of painful medical conditions. Anxiety and mood disorders were found to partially mediate the ACEs-painful medical conditions relationship. We determined through mediation analyses that ACEs were linked to an increase in anxiety and mood disorders, which, in turn, were associated with an increase in the number of painful medical conditions. We determined through moderation analyses that ACEs had an effect on increasing the painful medical conditions at both high and low levels of anxiety and mood disorders; though, surprisingly, the effect was greater among participants at lower levels of mood and anxiety disorders. There are pernicious effects of ACEs across mental and physical domains. Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress response and the theory of reserve capacity are reviewed to integrate our findings of the complex relationships.
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Date Issued: 2017-10-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28328011, 10.1002/jclp.22444, PMC6098699, 28328011, 28328011
Format: Citation

Title: Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and the trajectory of externalizing and internalizing symptoms across childhood: Similarities and differences across parent, teacher, and self reports..
Creator: Sutin, Angelina R, Flynn, Heather A, Terracciano, Antonio
Abstract/Description: Maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) has been associated with symptoms of externalizing (e.g., hyperactivity) and internalizing (e.g., emotional) disorders in childhood. The present research addresses two new questions about the nature of this relation: (1) Do the associations between MSDP and externalizing and internalizing symptoms vary by who reports the symptoms? and (2) Is MSDP associated with changes in symptomatology across childhood? We address these questions with two cohorts...
Show moreMaternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) has been associated with symptoms of externalizing (e.g., hyperactivity) and internalizing (e.g., emotional) disorders in childhood. The present research addresses two new questions about the nature of this relation: (1) Do the associations between MSDP and externalizing and internalizing symptoms vary by who reports the symptoms? and (2) Is MSDP associated with changes in symptomatology across childhood? We address these questions with two cohorts from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC). Parents and teachers completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire up to six times every two years between child ages 4 and 14 in the older cohort (N = 3841) and up to four times between child ages 4 and 10 in the younger cohort (N = 3714); the study children also completed the same questionnaire up to three times starting at age 10. Across the two cohorts, MSDP was associated with more externalizing symptoms as reported by parents, teachers, and self. MSDP was also associated with increases in externalizing symptoms across childhood when teachers assessed the symptoms but not when parents assessed them. Finally, MSDP was not consistently associated with the average level of internalizing symptoms, but it was associated with increases in these symptoms across childhood. The present research indicates a robust association between MSDP and the average level of externalizing symptoms in childhood regardless of who reports the symptoms. It also indicates that whether MSDP is associated with the trajectory of externalizing symptomatology depends on who reports on the symptoms.
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Date Issued: 2017-08-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28359941, 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.03.003, PMC5647462, 28359941, 28359941, S0022-3956(16)30806-8
Format: Citation

Title: Temperament and body weight from ages 4 to 15 years.
Creator: Sutin, A R, Kerr, J A, Terracciano, A
Abstract/Description: In adulthood, conscientiousness and neuroticism are correlates of body weight and weight gain. The present research examines whether the childhood antecedents of these traits, persistence and negative reactivity, respectively, are associated with weight gain across childhood. We likewise examine sociability as a predictor of childhood weight gain and whether these three traits are associated with weight concerns and weight-management strategies in adolescence. Participants (N=4153) were drawn...
Show moreIn adulthood, conscientiousness and neuroticism are correlates of body weight and weight gain. The present research examines whether the childhood antecedents of these traits, persistence and negative reactivity, respectively, are associated with weight gain across childhood. We likewise examine sociability as a predictor of childhood weight gain and whether these three traits are associated with weight concerns and weight-management strategies in adolescence. Participants (N=4153) were drawn from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, an ongoing, population-based study of child and family health and well-being. At the baseline assessment, caregivers reported on their child's temperament. At every assessment from ages 4-5 to 14-15 years, study children were weighed and measured by trained staff; there were up to six biennial assessments of body mass index and waist circumference. At ages 14-15 years, study children (n=2975) also self-reported on their weight concerns and weight-management strategies. Study children rated lower in persistence or higher in negative reactivity in early childhood gained more weight between the ages of 4 and 15 years. Sociability was associated with weight gain among girls but not among boys. Lower persistence and higher negative reactivity at ages 4-5 years were also associated with greater weight concerns, restrained eating and use of unhealthy weight-management strategies at ages 14-15 years. Childhood traits related to conscientiousness and neuroticism are associated with objective weight gain across childhood and with concerns and strategies to manage weight in adolescence. These results are consistent with a lifespan perspective that indicates that trait psychological functioning contributes to health-related markers from childhood through old age.
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Date Issued: 2017-07-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28280272, 10.1038/ijo.2017.62, PMC5496782, 28280272, 28280272, ijo201762
Format: Citation

Title: Treatment non-response: Associations with smoking expectancies among treatment-seeking smokers..
Creator: Garey, Lorra, Taha, Samar A, Kauffman, Brooke Y, Manning, Kara F, Neighbors, Clayton, Schmidt, Norman B, Zvolensky, Michael J
Abstract/Description: Despite the high rate of smoking cessation treatment non-response, relatively little empirical work has examined predictors of treatment non-response. The present study sought to explore the effect of smoking outcome expectancies on treatment response in a sample of treatment-seeking adult daily smokers (N=182; 53.3% female; M=40.67; SD=13.63). Results indicated that expectancies for smoking to reduce negative affect were related to an increased likelihood of treatment non-response (OR=0.73,...
Show moreDespite the high rate of smoking cessation treatment non-response, relatively little empirical work has examined predictors of treatment non-response. The present study sought to explore the effect of smoking outcome expectancies on treatment response in a sample of treatment-seeking adult daily smokers (N=182; 53.3% female; M=40.67; SD=13.63). Results indicated that expectancies for smoking to reduce negative affect were related to an increased likelihood of treatment non-response (OR=0.73, CI: 0.54, 0.98). These findings remained significant after controlling for sex, presence of Axis I disorder, tobacco-related health problems, tobacco dependence, anxiety sensitivity, and condition assignment as well as other smoking expectancy dimensions. Post hoc analyses revealed that this relation was stronger for smokers in the integrated care condition vs. the standard care condition (Interaction: OR=1.69, CI: 1.05, 2.73). Additionally, expectancies for smoking to enhance positive affect and provide sensory satisfaction were associated with an increased likelihood of treatment response in the standard care condition. The current findings suggest expectancies that smoking will alleviate negative affect may be a risk factor of smoking cessation treatment non-response. Additionally, findings provide evidence that the relation between smoking expectancies and treatment non-response may differ by smoking cessation treatment.
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Date Issued: 2017-10-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28528227, 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.05.013, PMC5531288, 28528227, 28528227, S0306-4603(17)30183-1
Format: Citation

Title: The Association between Sleep Disturbances and Depression among Firefighters: Emotion Dysregulation as an Explanatory Factor..
Creator: Hom, Melanie A, Stanley, Ian H, Rogers, Megan L, Tzoneva, Mirela, Bernert, Rebecca A, Joiner, Thomas E
Abstract/Description: To investigate emotion regulation difficulties in association with self-reported insomnia symptoms, nightmares, and depression symptoms in a sample of current and retired firefighters. A total of 880 current and retired United States firefighters completed a web-based survey of firefighter behavioral health. Self-report measures included the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Insomnia Severity Index, PTSD Checklist, and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. A notable...
Show moreTo investigate emotion regulation difficulties in association with self-reported insomnia symptoms, nightmares, and depression symptoms in a sample of current and retired firefighters. A total of 880 current and retired United States firefighters completed a web-based survey of firefighter behavioral health. Self-report measures included the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Insomnia Severity Index, PTSD Checklist, and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. A notable portion of participants reported clinically significant depression symptoms (39.6%) and insomnia symptoms (52.7%), as well as nightmare problems (19.2%), each of which demonstrated a strong association with emotion regulation difficulties (rs = 0.56-0.80). Bootstrapped mediation analyses revealed that the indirect effects of overall emotion regulation difficulties were significant both for the relationship between insomnia and depression (95% CI: 0.385-0.566) and nightmares and depression (95% CI: 1.445-2.365). Limited access to emotion regulation strategies emerged as the strongest, significant indirect effect for both relationships (insomnia 95% CI: 0.136-0.335; nightmares 95% CI: 0.887-1.931). Findings extend previous affective neuroscience research by providing evidence that insomnia and nightmares may influence depression symptoms specifically through the pathway of explicit emotion regulation difficulties. Sleep disturbances may impair the ability to access and leverage emotion regulation strategies effectively, thus conferring risk for negative affect and depression.
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Date Issued: 2016-02-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26350604, 10.5664/jcsm.5492, PMC4751428, 26350604, 26350604, jc-00300-15
Format: Citation

Title: Limitations of a single-item assessment of suicide attempt history: Implications for standardized suicide risk assessment..
Creator: Hom, Melanie A, Joiner, Thomas E, Bernert, Rebecca A
Abstract/Description: Although a suicide attempt history is among the single best predictors of risk for eventual death by suicide, little is known about the extent to which reporting of suicide attempts may vary by assessment type. The current study aimed to investigate the correspondence between suicide attempt history information obtained via a single-item self-report survey, multi-item self-report survey, and face-to-face clinical interview. Data were collected among a high-risk sample of undergraduates (N =...
Show moreAlthough a suicide attempt history is among the single best predictors of risk for eventual death by suicide, little is known about the extent to which reporting of suicide attempts may vary by assessment type. The current study aimed to investigate the correspondence between suicide attempt history information obtained via a single-item self-report survey, multi-item self-report survey, and face-to-face clinical interview. Data were collected among a high-risk sample of undergraduates (N = 100) who endorsed a past attempt on a single-item prescreening survey. Participants subsequently completed a multi-item self-report survey, which was followed by a face-to-face clinical interview, both of which included additional questions regarding the timing and nature of previous attempts. Even though 100% of participants (n = 100) endorsed a suicide attempt history on the single-item prescreening survey, only 67% (n = 67) reported having made a suicide attempt on the multi-item follow-up survey. After incorporating ancillary information from the in-person interview, 60% of participants qualified for a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-defined suicide attempt. Of the 40% who did not qualify for a CDC-defined suicide attempt, 30% instead qualified for no attempt, 7% an aborted attempt, and 3% an interrupted attempt. These findings suggest that single-item assessments of suicide attempt history may result in the misclassification of prior suicidal behaviors. Given that such assessments are commonly used in research and clinical practice, these results emphasize the importance of utilizing follow-up questions and assessments to improve precision in the characterization and assessment of suicide risk. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Date Issued: 2016-08-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26502202, 10.1037/pas0000241, PMC4846594, 26502202, 26502202, 2015-48450-001
Format: Citation

Title: Neural Correlates of the Propensity for Retaliatory Behavior in Youths With Disruptive Behavior Disorders.
Creator: White, Stuart F, VanTieghem, Michelle, Brislin, Sarah J, Sypher, Isaiah, Sinclair, Stephen, Pine, Daniel S, Hwang, Soonjo, Blair, R James R
Abstract/Description: Youths with disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) (conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder) have an elevated risk for maladaptive reactive aggression. Theory suggests that this is due to an elevated sensitivity of basic threat circuitry implicated in retaliation (amygdala/periaqueductal gray) in youths with DBD and low levels of callous-unemotional traits and dysfunctional regulatory activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in youths with DBD irrespective of callous-unemotional...
Show moreYouths with disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) (conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder) have an elevated risk for maladaptive reactive aggression. Theory suggests that this is due to an elevated sensitivity of basic threat circuitry implicated in retaliation (amygdala/periaqueductal gray) in youths with DBD and low levels of callous-unemotional traits and dysfunctional regulatory activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in youths with DBD irrespective of callous-unemotional traits. A total of 56 youths 10-18 years of age (23 of them female) participated in the study: 30 youths with DBD, divided by median split into groups with high and low levels of callous-unemotional traits, and 26 healthy youths. All participants completed an ultimatum game task during functional MRI. Relative to the other groups, youths with DBD and low levels of callous-unemotional traits showed greater increases in activation of basic threat circuitry when punishing others and dysfunctional down-regulation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during retaliation. Relative to healthy youths, all youths with DBD showed reduced amygdala-ventromedial prefrontal cortex connectivity during high provocation. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex responsiveness and ventromedial prefrontal cortex-amygdala connectivity were related to patients' retaliatory propensity (behavioral responses during the task) and parent-reported reactive aggression. These data suggest differences in the underlying neurobiology of maladaptive reactive aggression in youths with DBD who have relatively low levels of callous-unemotional traits. Youths with DBD and low callous-unemotional traits alone showed significantly greater threat responses during retaliation relative to comparison subjects. These data also suggest that ventromedial prefrontal cortex-amygdala connectivity is critical for regulating retaliation/reactive aggression and, when dysfunctional, contributes to reactive aggression, independent of level of callous-unemotional traits.
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Date Issued: 2016-03-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26441155, 10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15020250, PMC4950844, 26441155, 26441155
Format: Citation

Title: Is childhood trauma associated with lifetime suicide attempts in women with bulimia nervosa?.
Creator: Smith, Christina E, Pisetsky, Emily M, Wonderlich, Stephen A, Crosby, Ross D, Mitchell, James E, Joiner, Thomas E, Bardone-Cone, Anna, Le Grange, Daniel, Klein, Marjorie H, Crow...
Show moreSmith, Christina E, Pisetsky, Emily M, Wonderlich, Stephen A, Crosby, Ross D, Mitchell, James E, Joiner, Thomas E, Bardone-Cone, Anna, Le Grange, Daniel, Klein, Marjorie H, Crow, Scott J, Peterson, Carol B
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Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to explore the association between specific forms of childhood abuse and neglect with lifetime suicide attempts in women with bulimia nervosa (BN). Two hundred and four women aged 18-65 (mean 25.6 years, SD 9.13) with full or subclinical BN were recruited in five US Midwestern communities and specialized eating disorder clinics. Participants completed questionnaires including the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and self-reported whether they had ever had a...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to explore the association between specific forms of childhood abuse and neglect with lifetime suicide attempts in women with bulimia nervosa (BN). Two hundred and four women aged 18-65 (mean 25.6 years, SD 9.13) with full or subclinical BN were recruited in five US Midwestern communities and specialized eating disorder clinics. Participants completed questionnaires including the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and self-reported whether they had ever had a lifetime suicide attempt. Logistic regression analyses were used to predict lifetime suicide attempts from each subscale of the CTQ. Childhood emotional, physical, and sexual abuse were significantly associated with the presence of a lifetime suicide attempt in women with BN. Childhood emotional and physical neglect were not associated with suicide attempts. Individuals with BN who have experienced childhood emotional and sexual abuse are at increased risk of a lifetime suicide attempt. Future research is needed to understand the mechanism to address in treatment and prevention efforts. It is important for clinicians to be aware of the potential increased risk of suicide in individuals with BN with a history of childhood abuse.
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Date Issued: 2016-06-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26462683, 10.1007/s40519-015-0226-8, PMC4833682, 26462683, 26462683, 10.1007/s40519-015-0226-8
Format: Citation

Title: Understanding the Home Math Environment and Its Role in Predicting Parent Report of Children's Math Skills.
Creator: Hart, Sara A, Ganley, Colleen M, Purpura, David J
Abstract/Description: There is a growing literature concerning the role of the home math environment in children's math development. In this study, we examined the relation between these constructs by specifically addressing three goals. The first goal was to identify the measurement structure of the home math environment through a series of confirmatory factor analyses. The second goal was to examine the role of the home math environment in predicting parent report of children's math skills. The third goal was to...
Show moreThere is a growing literature concerning the role of the home math environment in children's math development. In this study, we examined the relation between these constructs by specifically addressing three goals. The first goal was to identify the measurement structure of the home math environment through a series of confirmatory factor analyses. The second goal was to examine the role of the home math environment in predicting parent report of children's math skills. The third goal was to test a series of potential alternative explanations for the relation between the home math environment and parent report of children's skills, specifically the direct and indirect role of household income, parent math anxiety, and parent math ability as measured by their approximate number system performance. A final sample of 339 parents of children aged 3 through 8 drawn from Mechanical Turk answered a questionnaire online. The best fitting model of the home math environment was a bifactor model with a general factor representing the general home math environment, and three specific factors representing the direct numeracy environment, the indirect numeracy environment, and the spatial environment. When examining the association of the home math environment factors to parent report of child skills, the general home math environment factor and the spatial environment were the only significant predictors. Parents who reported doing more general math activities in the home reported having children with higher math skills, whereas parents who reported doing more spatial activities reported having children with lower math skills.
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Date Issued: 2016-12-22
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28005925, 10.1371/journal.pone.0168227, PMC5179117, 28005925, 28005925, PONE-D-16-10081
Format: Citation

Title: Oppositional defiant disorder dimensions: genetic influences and risk for later psychopathology..
Creator: Mikolajewski, Amy J, Taylor, Jeanette, Iacono, William G
Abstract/Description: This study was undertaken to determine how well two oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) dimensions (irritable and headstrong/hurtful) assessed in childhood predict late adolescent psychopathology and the degree to which these outcomes can be attributed to genetic influences shared with ODD dimensions. Psychopathology was assessed via diagnostic interviews of 1,225 twin pairs at ages 11 and 17. Consistent with hypotheses, the irritable dimension uniquely predicted overall internalizing...
Show moreThis study was undertaken to determine how well two oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) dimensions (irritable and headstrong/hurtful) assessed in childhood predict late adolescent psychopathology and the degree to which these outcomes can be attributed to genetic influences shared with ODD dimensions. Psychopathology was assessed via diagnostic interviews of 1,225 twin pairs at ages 11 and 17. Consistent with hypotheses, the irritable dimension uniquely predicted overall internalizing problems, whereas the headstrong/hurtful dimension uniquely predicted substance use disorder symptoms. Both dimensions were predictive of antisocial behavior and overall externalizing problems. The expected relationships between the irritable dimension and specific internalizing disorders were not found. Twin modeling showed that the irritable and headstrong/hurtful dimensions were related to late adolescent psychopathology symptoms through common genetic influences. Symptoms of ODD in childhood pose a significant risk for various mental health outcomes in late adolescence. Further, common genetic influences underlie the covariance between irritable symptoms in childhood and overall internalizing problems in late adolescence, whereas headstrong/hurtful symptoms share genetic influences with substance use disorder symptoms. Antisocial behavior and overall externalizing share common genetic influences with both the irritable and headstrong/hurtful dimensions.
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Date Issued: 2017-06-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28059443, 10.1111/jcpp.12683, PMC5438275, 28059443, 28059443
Format: Citation

Title: Deficits in Access to Reward Are Associated with College Student Alcohol Use Disorder.
Creator: Joyner, Keanan J, Pickover, Alison M, Soltis, Kathryn E, Dennhardt, Ashley A, Martens, Matthew P, Murphy, James G
Abstract/Description: Reward deprivation has been implicated in major depressive disorder and severe substance abuse, but its potential relation to alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms in non-treatment-seeking young adult drinkers is less clear. Depression is often comorbid with alcohol misuse, so relations of AUD with reward deprivation might be due in part to the presence of depressive symptoms in young adults. Behavioral economic theory views addiction as a state that is related in part to deficits in drug-free...
Show moreReward deprivation has been implicated in major depressive disorder and severe substance abuse, but its potential relation to alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms in non-treatment-seeking young adult drinkers is less clear. Depression is often comorbid with alcohol misuse, so relations of AUD with reward deprivation might be due in part to the presence of depressive symptoms in young adults. Behavioral economic theory views addiction as a state that is related in part to deficits in drug-free rewards, and therefore requires an investigation into whether reward deprivation has a direct relation to alcohol misuse that is, at least partially, independent of mood. This study evaluates the contribution of 2 facets of reward deprivation (reward availability and experience) to alcohol use, AUD symptoms, and depression in a sample of young adult heavy episodic drinkers. Data were collected from 392 undergraduates (60.4% female, 85.1% Caucasian) who reported recent heavy drinking (83.7% with at least 1 AUD symptom). Low reward availability (environmental suppression) was significantly associated with both DSM-5 AUD symptoms and alcohol-related problems after controlling for age, gender, depressive symptomatology, and drinking level. This study provides support for behavioral economic models that emphasize reward deprivation as a unique risk factor for AUD that is independent of mood and drinking level. Limited access to natural rewards may be a risk and/or maintaining factor for AUD symptoms in college student drinkers.
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Date Issued: 2016-12-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27805267, 10.1111/acer.13255, PMC5133164, 27805267, 27805267
Format: Citation

Title: Latino parent acculturation stress: Longitudinal effects on family functioning and youth emotional and behavioral health..
Creator: Lorenzo-Blanco, Elma I, Meca, Alan, Unger, Jennifer B, Romero, Andrea, Gonzales-Backen, Melinda, Piña-Watson, Brandy, Cano, Miguel Ángel, Zamboanga, Byron L, Des Rosiers,...
Show moreLorenzo-Blanco, Elma I, Meca, Alan, Unger, Jennifer B, Romero, Andrea, Gonzales-Backen, Melinda, Piña-Watson, Brandy, Cano, Miguel Ángel, Zamboanga, Byron L, Des Rosiers, Sabrina E, Soto, Daniel W, Villamar, Juan A, Lizzi, Karina M, Pattarroyo, Monica, Schwartz, Seth J
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Abstract/Description: Latino parents can experience acculturation stressors, and according to the Family Stress Model (FSM), parent stress can influence youth mental health and substance use by negatively affecting family functioning. To understand how acculturation stressors come together and unfold over time to influence youth mental health and substance use outcomes, the current study investigated the trajectory of a latent parent acculturation stress factor and its influence on youth mental health and...
Show moreLatino parents can experience acculturation stressors, and according to the Family Stress Model (FSM), parent stress can influence youth mental health and substance use by negatively affecting family functioning. To understand how acculturation stressors come together and unfold over time to influence youth mental health and substance use outcomes, the current study investigated the trajectory of a latent parent acculturation stress factor and its influence on youth mental health and substance use via parent-and youth-reported family functioning. Data came from a 6-wave, school-based survey with 302 recent (<5 years) immigrant Latino parents (74% mothers, Mage = 41.09 years) and their adolescents (47% female, Mage = 14.51 years). Parents' reports of discrimination, negative context of reception, and acculturative stress loaded onto a latent factor of acculturation stress at each of the first 4 time points. Earlier levels of and increases in parent acculturation stress predicted worse youth-reported family functioning. Additionally, earlier levels of parent acculturation stress predicted worse parent-reported family functioning and increases in parent acculturation stress predicted better parent-reported family functioning. While youth-reported positive family functioning predicted higher self-esteem, lower symptoms of depression, and lower aggressive and rule-breaking behavior in youth, parent-reported family positive functioning predicted lower youth alcohol and cigarette use. Findings highlight the need for Latino youth preventive interventions to target parent acculturation stress and family functioning. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Date Issued: 2016-12-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27819441, 10.1037/fam0000223, PMC5138128, 27819441, 27819441, 2016-53565-001
Format: Citation

Title: Cross-sectional and temporal association between non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal ideation in young adults: The explanatory roles of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness..
Creator: Chu, Carol, Rogers, Megan L, Joiner, Thomas E
Abstract/Description: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a strong predictor of suicidal ideation and attempts. Consistent with the interpersonal theory of suicide, preliminary evidence suggests that NSSI is associated with higher levels of perceived burdensomeness (PB) and thwarted belongingness (TB). However, no study to date has examined the cross-sectional and prospective relationships between NSSI, TB, PB, and suicidal ideation (SI). To fill this gap, this study examined the mediating role of TB and PB in the...
Show moreNon-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a strong predictor of suicidal ideation and attempts. Consistent with the interpersonal theory of suicide, preliminary evidence suggests that NSSI is associated with higher levels of perceived burdensomeness (PB) and thwarted belongingness (TB). However, no study to date has examined the cross-sectional and prospective relationships between NSSI, TB, PB, and suicidal ideation (SI). To fill this gap, this study examined the mediating role of TB and PB in the relationship between NSSI and SI at baseline and follow-up. Young adults (N=49) with and without histories of NSSI completed self-report measures of TB, PB, and SI at three time points over two months. NSSI history was associated with higher levels of PB, TB, and SI at all time points. TB and PB significantly accounted for the relationship between NSSI history and SI at baseline. However, the relationship between NSSI history and SI at follow-up was mediated by PB, not TB. Findings provide evidence for the roles of TB and PB in the relationship between NSSI and SI, and partial support for the interpersonal theory of suicide. Future research and clinical implications are discussed.
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Date Issued: 2016-12-30
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27835855, 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.07.061, PMC5161648, 27835855, 27835855, S0165-1781(15)30584-9
Format: Citation

Title: Human Facial Shape and Size Heritability and Genetic Correlations.
Creator: Cole, Joanne B, Manyama, Mange, Larson, Jacinda R, Liberton, Denise K, Ferrara, Tracey M, Riccardi, Sheri L, Li, Mao, Mio, Washington, Klein, Ophir D, Santorico, Stephanie A,...
Show moreCole, Joanne B, Manyama, Mange, Larson, Jacinda R, Liberton, Denise K, Ferrara, Tracey M, Riccardi, Sheri L, Li, Mao, Mio, Washington, Klein, Ophir D, Santorico, Stephanie A, Hallgrímsson, Benedikt, Spritz, Richard A
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Abstract/Description: The human face is an array of variable physical features that together make each of us unique and distinguishable. Striking familial facial similarities underscore a genetic component, but little is known of the genes that underlie facial shape differences. Numerous studies have estimated facial shape heritability using various methods. Here, we used advanced three-dimensional imaging technology and quantitative human genetics analysis to estimate narrow-sense heritability, heritability...
Show moreThe human face is an array of variable physical features that together make each of us unique and distinguishable. Striking familial facial similarities underscore a genetic component, but little is known of the genes that underlie facial shape differences. Numerous studies have estimated facial shape heritability using various methods. Here, we used advanced three-dimensional imaging technology and quantitative human genetics analysis to estimate narrow-sense heritability, heritability explained by common genetic variation, and pairwise genetic correlations of 38 measures of facial shape and size in normal African Bantu children from Tanzania. Specifically, we fit a linear mixed model of genetic relatedness between close and distant relatives to jointly estimate variance components that correspond to heritability explained by genome-wide common genetic variation and variance explained by uncaptured genetic variation, the sum representing total narrow-sense heritability. Our significant estimates for narrow-sense heritability of specific facial traits range from 28 to 67%, with horizontal measures being slightly more heritable than vertical or depth measures. Furthermore, for over half of facial traits, >90% of narrow-sense heritability can be explained by common genetic variation. We also find high absolute genetic correlation between most traits, indicating large overlap in underlying genetic loci. Not surprisingly, traits measured in the same physical orientation (i.e., both horizontal or both vertical) have high positive genetic correlations, whereas traits in opposite orientations have high negative correlations. The complex genetic architecture of facial shape informs our understanding of the intricate relationships among different facial features as well as overall facial development.
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Date Issued: 2017-02-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27974501, 10.1534/genetics.116.193185, PMC5289863, 27974501, 27974501, genetics.116.193185
Format: Citation

Title: Schooling and variation in the COMT gene: the devil is in the details..
Creator: Campbell, Daniel, Bick, Johanna, Yrigollen, Carolyn M, Lee, Maria, Joseph, Antony, Chang, Joseph T, Grigorenko, Elena L
Abstract/Description: Schooling is considered one of the major contributors to the development of intelligence within societies and individuals. Genetic variation might modulate the impact of schooling and explain, at least partially, the presence of individual differences in classrooms. We studied a sample of 1,502 children (mean age = 11.7 years) from Zambia. Approximately 57% of these children were enrolled in school, and the rest were not. To quantify genetic variation, we investigated a number of common...
Show moreSchooling is considered one of the major contributors to the development of intelligence within societies and individuals. Genetic variation might modulate the impact of schooling and explain, at least partially, the presence of individual differences in classrooms. We studied a sample of 1,502 children (mean age = 11.7 years) from Zambia. Approximately 57% of these children were enrolled in school, and the rest were not. To quantify genetic variation, we investigated a number of common polymorphisms in the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene that controls the production of the protein thought to account for >60% of the dopamine degradation in the prefrontal cortex. Haplotype analyses generated results ranging from the presence to absence of significant interactions between a number of COMT haplotypes and indicators of schooling (i.e., in- vs. out-of-school and grade completed) in the prediction of nonverbal intelligence, depending on the parameter specification. However, an investigation of the distribution of corresponding p-values suggested that these positive results were false. Convincing evidence that the variation in the COMT gene is associated with individual differences in nonverbal intelligence either directly or through interactions with schooling was not found. p-values produced by the method of testing for haplotype effects employed here may be sensitive to parameter settings, invalid under default settings, and should be checked for validity through simulation.
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Date Issued: 2013-10-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_23952646, 10.1111/jcpp.12120, PMC3786416, 23952646, 23952646
Format: Citation

Title: Same or different? Insights into the etiology of phonological awareness and rapid naming.
Creator: Naples, Adam J, Chang, Joseph T, Katz, Leonard, Grigorenko, Elena L
Abstract/Description: This work's objective was to offer additional insights into the psychological and genetic bases of reading ability and disability, and to evaluate the plausibility of a variety of psychological models of reading involving phonological awareness (PA) and rapid naming (RN), both hypothesized to be principal components in such models. In Study 1, 488 unselected families were assessed with measures of PA and RN to investigate familial aggregation and to obtain estimates of both the number and...
Show moreThis work's objective was to offer additional insights into the psychological and genetic bases of reading ability and disability, and to evaluate the plausibility of a variety of psychological models of reading involving phonological awareness (PA) and rapid naming (RN), both hypothesized to be principal components in such models. In Study 1, 488 unselected families were assessed with measures of PA and RN to investigate familial aggregation and to obtain estimates of both the number and effect-magnitude of genetic loci involved in these traits' transmission. The results of the analyses from Study 1 indicated the presence of genetic effects in the etiology of individual differences for PA and RN and pointed to both the shared and unique sources of this genetic variance, which appeared to be exerted by multiple (3-6 for PA and 3-5 for RN) genes. These results were used in Study 2 to parameterize a simulation of 3000 families with quantitatively distributed PA and RN, so that the robustness and generalizability of the Study 1 findings could be evaluated. The findings of both studies were interpreted according to established theories of reading and our own understanding of the etiology of complex developmental disorders.
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Date Issued: 2009-02-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_19007845, 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2008.10.002, PMC2708917, 19007845, 19007845, S0301-0511(08)00203-2
Format: Citation

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