Search results

Title: Do Undiagnosed Suicide Decedents Have Symptoms of a Mental Disorder?.
Creator: Joiner, Thomas E, Buchman-Schmitt, Jennifer M, Chu, Carol
Abstract/Description: Psychological autopsy studies consistently report that the rate of detected mental disorders among suicide decedents is below 100%. This implies three possibilities: (a) a subset of suicide decedents did not have a mental disorder at the time of death; (b) all suicide decedents suffered from a mental disorder, but some were undetected due to methodological limitations; and/or (c) suicide decedents with an undetected mental disorder displayed significant and perhaps subclinical features of a...
Show morePsychological autopsy studies consistently report that the rate of detected mental disorders among suicide decedents is below 100%. This implies three possibilities: (a) a subset of suicide decedents did not have a mental disorder at the time of death; (b) all suicide decedents suffered from a mental disorder, but some were undetected due to methodological limitations; and/or (c) suicide decedents with an undetected mental disorder displayed significant and perhaps subclinical features of a mental disorder. In this article, we examined these possibilities by evaluating the differences in symptoms and stressors between suicide decedents who were undiagnosed and those diagnosed with a mental disorder at the time of death. We reviewed 130 case studies of community-based suicide decedents originally described in Robins' (1981) psychological autopsy study. Without exception, suicide decedents in Robins' sample suffered either from a clearly diagnosable mental disorder or displayed features indicative of a significant, even if subclinical, presentation of a mental disorder. Undiagnosed and diagnosed suicide decedents did not significantly differ with regards to demographics, violence of suicide method, suicide attempt history, the number and intensity of stressful life events preceding death, and whether their death was a murder-suicide. Although clearly not all who suffer from mental disorders will die by suicide, these findings imply that all who die by suicide appear to exhibit, at minimum, subclinical psychiatric symptoms with the great majority showing prominent clinical symptoms. We conclude with clinical implications and recommendations for future study.
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Date Issued: 2017-12-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28685838, 10.1002/jclp.22498, PMC5690847, 28685838, 28685838
Format: Citation

Title: Self-management of cardiac pain in women: an evidence map..
Creator: Parry, Monica, Bjørnnes, Ann Kristin, Clarke, Hance, Cooper, Lynn, Gordon, Allan, Harvey, Paula, Lalloo, Chitra, Leegaard, Marit, LeFort, Sandra, McFetridge-Durdle, Judith,...
Show moreParry, Monica, Bjørnnes, Ann Kristin, Clarke, Hance, Cooper, Lynn, Gordon, Allan, Harvey, Paula, Lalloo, Chitra, Leegaard, Marit, LeFort, Sandra, McFetridge-Durdle, Judith, McGillion, Michael, O'Keefe-McCarthy, Sheila, Price, Jennifer, Stinson, Jennifer, Victor, J Charles, Watt-Watson, Judy
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Abstract/Description: To describe the current evidence related to the self-management of cardiac pain in women using the process and methodology of evidence mapping. Literature search for studies that describe the self-management of cardiac pain in women greater than 18 years of age, managed in community, primary care or outpatient settings, published in English or a Scandinavian language between 1 January 1990 and 24 June 2016 using AMED, CINAHL, ERIC, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Proquest, PsychInfo, the Cochrane Library,...
Show moreTo describe the current evidence related to the self-management of cardiac pain in women using the process and methodology of evidence mapping. Literature search for studies that describe the self-management of cardiac pain in women greater than 18 years of age, managed in community, primary care or outpatient settings, published in English or a Scandinavian language between 1 January 1990 and 24 June 2016 using AMED, CINAHL, ERIC, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Proquest, PsychInfo, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, Swemed+, Web of Science, the Clinical Trials Registry, International Register of Controlled Trials, MetaRegister of Controlled Trials, theses and dissertations, published conference abstracts and relevant websites using GreyNet International, ISI proceedings, BIOSIS and Conference papers index. Two independent reviewers screened using predefined eligibility criteria. Included articles were classified according to study design, pain category, publication year, sample size, per cent women and mean age. Self-management interventions for cardiac pain or non-intervention studies that described views and perspectives of women who self-managed cardiac pain. Outcomes included those related to knowledge, self-efficacy, function and health-related quality of life. The literature search identified 5940 unique articles, of which 220 were included in the evidence map. Only 22% (n=49) were intervention studies. Sixty-nine per cent (n=151) of the studies described cardiac pain related to obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), 2% (n=5) non-obstructive CAD and 15% (n=34) postpercutaneous coronary intervention/cardiac surgery. Most were published after 2000, the median sample size was 90 with 25%-100% women and the mean age was 63 years. Our evidence map suggests that while much is known about the differing presentations of obstructive cardiac pain in middle-aged women, little research focused on young and old women, non-obstructive cardiac pain or self-management interventions to assist women to manage cardiac pain. CRD42016042806.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-25
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29175891, 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018549, PMC5719283, 29175891, 29175891, bmjopen-2017-018549
Format: Citation

Title: Feeling Older and the Development of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia.
Creator: Stephan, Yannick, Sutin, Angelina R, Luchetti, Martina, Terracciano, Antonio
Abstract/Description: Subjective age is a biopsychosocial marker of aging associated with a range of outcomes in old age. In the domain of cognition, feeling older than one's chronological age is related to lower cognitive performance and steeper cognitive decline among older adults. The present study examines whether an older subjective age is associated with the risk of incident cognitive impairment and dementia. Participants were 5,748 individuals aged 65 years and older drawn from the Health and Retirement...
Show moreSubjective age is a biopsychosocial marker of aging associated with a range of outcomes in old age. In the domain of cognition, feeling older than one's chronological age is related to lower cognitive performance and steeper cognitive decline among older adults. The present study examines whether an older subjective age is associated with the risk of incident cognitive impairment and dementia. Participants were 5,748 individuals aged 65 years and older drawn from the Health and Retirement Study. Measures of subjective age, cognition, and covariates were obtained at baseline, and follow-up cognition was assessed over a 2- to 4-year period. Only participants without cognitive impairment were included at baseline. At follow-up, participants were classified into one of the three categories: normal functioning, cognitive impairment without dementia (CIND), and dementia. An older subjective age at baseline was associated with higher likelihood of CIND (odds ratio [OR] = 1.18; 1.09-1.28) and dementia (OR = 1.29; 1.02-1.63) at follow-up, controlling for chronological age, other demographic factors, and baseline cognition. Physical inactivity and depressive symptoms partly accounted for these associations. An older subjective age is a marker of individuals' risk of subsequent cognitive impairment and dementia.
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Date Issued: 2017-10-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27436103, 10.1093/geronb/gbw085, PMC5927095, 27436103, 27436103, gbw085
Format: Citation

Title: Personality and Lung Function in Older Adults.
Creator: Terracciano, Antonio, Stephan, Yannick, Luchetti, Martina, Gonzalez-Rothi, Ricardo, Sutin, Angelina R
Abstract/Description: Lung disease is a leading cause of disability and death among older adults. We examine whether personality traits are associated with lung function and shortness of breath (dyspnea) in a national cohort with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Participants (N = 12,670) from the Health and Retirement Study were tested for peak expiratory flow (PEF) and completed measures of personality, health behaviors, and a medical history. High neuroticism and low extraversion,...
Show moreLung disease is a leading cause of disability and death among older adults. We examine whether personality traits are associated with lung function and shortness of breath (dyspnea) in a national cohort with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Participants (N = 12,670) from the Health and Retirement Study were tested for peak expiratory flow (PEF) and completed measures of personality, health behaviors, and a medical history. High neuroticism and low extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were associated with lower PEF, and higher likelihood of COPD and dyspnea. Conscientiousness had the strongest and most consistent associations, including lower risk of PEF less than 80% of the predicted value (OR = 0.67; 0.62-0.73) and dyspnea (OR = 0.52; 0.47-0.57). Although attenuated, the associations remained significant when accounting for smoking, physical activity, and chronic diseases including cardiovascular and psychiatric disorders. The associations between personality and PEF or dyspnea were similar among those with or without COPD, suggesting that psychological links to lung function are not disease dependent. In longitudinal analyses, high neuroticism (β = -0.019) and low conscientiousness (β = 0.027) predicted steeper declines in PEF. A vulnerable personality profile is common among individuals with limited lung function and COPD, predicts shortness of breath and worsening lung function.
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Date Issued: 2017-10-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26786321, 10.1093/geronb/gbv161, PMC5926981, 26786321, 26786321, gbv161
Format: Citation

Title: The role of stressful life events preceding death by suicide: Evidence from two samples of suicide decedents..
Creator: Buchman-Schmitt, Jennifer M, Chu, Carol, Michaels, Matthew S, Hames, Jennifer L, Silva, Caroline, Hagan, Christopher R, Ribeiro, Jessica D, Selby, Edward A, Joiner, Thomas E
Abstract/Description: Stressful life events (SLEs) are associated with increased risk for suicidal behavior. Less is known regarding the intensity of SLEs and how this may vary as a function of suicide attempt history. As a large percentage of suicide decedents do not have a history of suicidal behavior, SLEs precipitating suicide may help characterize suicidality in this understudied population. This paper examines the intensity, number, and accumulation of SLEs preceding death by suicide among decedents with...
Show moreStressful life events (SLEs) are associated with increased risk for suicidal behavior. Less is known regarding the intensity of SLEs and how this may vary as a function of suicide attempt history. As a large percentage of suicide decedents do not have a history of suicidal behavior, SLEs precipitating suicide may help characterize suicidality in this understudied population. This paper examines the intensity, number, and accumulation of SLEs preceding death by suicide among decedents with varying suicide attempt histories. Suicide attempts, SLEs, and suicide methods were examined in two samples: 62 prison-based and 117 community-based suicide decedents. Regression was used to compare the level of stressor precipitating death by suicide in decedents who died on a first attempt versus multiple previous attempts. A non-significant trend was observed in the prison population which was supported by significant findings in the community-based sample. Decedents who died on a first attempt experienced a stressor of a lower magnitude when compared to decedents with multiple previous suicide attempts. We discuss the implications of these findings in relation to the stress-diathesis model for suicide.
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Date Issued: 2017-10-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28675860, 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.078, PMC5603385, 28675860, 28675860, S0165-1781(16)32026-1
Format: Citation

Title: Impacts of Initial Transformation to a Patient-Centered Medical Home on Diabetes Outcomes in Federally Qualified Health Centers in Florida.
Creator: Kinsell, Heidi S, Hall, Allyson G, Harman, Jeffrey S, Tewary, Sweta, Brickman, Andrew
Abstract/Description: Federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) in Florida see large numbers of vulnerable patients with diabetes. Patient-centered medical home (PCMH) models can lead to improvements in health for patients with chronic conditions and cost savings for providers. Therefore, FQHCs are increasingly moving to PCMH models of care. The study objective was to examine the effects of initial transformation to a level 3 National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) certified PCMH in 2011, on clinical...
Show moreFederally qualified health centers (FQHCs) in Florida see large numbers of vulnerable patients with diabetes. Patient-centered medical home (PCMH) models can lead to improvements in health for patients with chronic conditions and cost savings for providers. Therefore, FQHCs are increasingly moving to PCMH models of care. The study objective was to examine the effects of initial transformation to a level 3 National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) certified PCMH in 2011, on clinical diabetes outcomes among 27 clinic sites from a network of FQHCs in Florida. We used de-identified, longitudinal electronic health record (EHR) data from 2010-2012 and multivariate logistic regression to analyze the effects of initial transformation on the odds of having well-controlled HbA1c, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure (BP) among vulnerable patients with diabetes. Models controlled for clustering by year, patient, and organizational characteristics. Overall, transformation to a PCMH was associated with 19% greater odds of having well-controlled HbA1c values with no statistically significant impact on BMI or BP. Subanalyses showed transformation had less of an effect on BP for African American patients and HbA1c control for Medicare enrollees but a greater effect on weight control for patients older than 35 years. Transformation to a PCMH in FQHCs appears to improve the health of vulnerable patients with diabetes, with less improvement for subsets of patients. Future research should seek to understand the heterogeneous effects of patient-centered transformation on various subgroups.
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Date Issued: 2017-10-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29161972, 10.1177/2150131917742300, PMC5932745, 29161972, 29161972
Format: Citation

Title: Valuation of active blind spot detection systems by younger and older adults.
Creator: Souders, Dustin J, Best, Ryan, Charness, Neil
Abstract/Description: Due to their disproportional representation in fatal crashes, younger and older drivers both stand to benefit from in-vehicle safety technologies, yet little is known about how they value such technologies, or their willingness to adopt them. The current study investigated older (aged 65 and greater; N=49) and younger (ages 18-23; N=40) adults' valuation of a blind spot monitor and asked if self-reported visual difficulties while driving predicted the amount participants were willing to pay...
Show moreDue to their disproportional representation in fatal crashes, younger and older drivers both stand to benefit from in-vehicle safety technologies, yet little is known about how they value such technologies, or their willingness to adopt them. The current study investigated older (aged 65 and greater; N=49) and younger (ages 18-23; N=40) adults' valuation of a blind spot monitor and asked if self-reported visual difficulties while driving predicted the amount participants were willing to pay for a particular system (BMW's Active Blind Spot Detection System) that was demonstrated using a short video. Large and small anchor values ($250 and $500, respectively) were used as between subjects manipulations to examine the effects of initial valuation, and participants proceeded through a short staircase procedure that offered them either the free installation of the system on their current vehicle or a monetary prize ($25-$950) that changed in value according to which option they had selected in the previous step of the staircase procedure. Willingness to use other advanced driver assistance systems (lane-departure warning, automatic lane centering, emergency braking, adaptive cruise control, and self-parking systems) was also analyzed, additionally controlling for prior familiarity of those systems. Results showed that increased age was associated with a higher valuation for the Active Blind Spot Detection System in both the large and small anchor value conditions controlling for income, gender, and technology self-efficacy. Older adults valued blind spot detection about twice as much ($762) as younger adults ($383) in the large anchor condition, though both groups' values were in the range for the current cost of an aftermarket system. Similarly, age was the most robust positive predictor of willingness to adopt other driving technologies, along with system familiarity. Difficulties with driving-related visual factors also positively predicting acceptance levels for adaptive cruise control and emergency braking systems. Results are discussed in comparison to older adults' willingness to pay for other home-based assistive technologies aimed at improving well-being and independence.
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Date Issued: 2017-09-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27567729, 10.1016/j.aap.2016.08.020, PMC5325821, 27567729, 27567729, S0001-4575(16)30306-2
Format: Citation

Title: The association of post-discharge adverse events with timely follow-up visits after hospital discharge.
Creator: Tsilimingras, Dennis, Ghosh, Samiran, Duke, Ashley, Zhang, Liying, Carretta, Henry, Schnipper, Jeffrey
Abstract/Description: There has been little research to examine the association of post-discharge adverse events (AEs) with timely follow-up visits after hospital discharge. We aimed to examine whether having a timely follow-up outpatient visit would reduce the risk for post-discharge AEs. This was a methods study of patients at risk for post-discharge AEs from December 2011 through October 2012. Five hundred and forty-five patients who were under the care of hospitalist physicians and were discharged home from a...
Show moreThere has been little research to examine the association of post-discharge adverse events (AEs) with timely follow-up visits after hospital discharge. We aimed to examine whether having a timely follow-up outpatient visit would reduce the risk for post-discharge AEs. This was a methods study of patients at risk for post-discharge AEs from December 2011 through October 2012. Five hundred and forty-five patients who were under the care of hospitalist physicians and were discharged home from a community hospital, spoke English, and could be contacted after discharge were evaluated. The aim of the study was to examine the association of post-discharge AEs with timely follow-up visits after hospital discharge based on structured telephone interviews, health record review, and adjudication by two blinded, trained physicians using a previously established methodology. We observed a higher incidence of AEs with patients that had their first follow-up visit within 7 days after hospital discharge (33.5% vs. 23.0%, p = 0.007). This effect was attenuated somewhat but remained significant when adjusted for several patient factors (adjusted OR 1.33, 95% confidence interval 1.16-2.71). This observational study paradoxically showed an increase in post-discharge AEs with early follow-up, likely a result of confounding by indication and/or information bias that could not be completely adjusted for. This study illustrates the potential hazards with conducting observational studies to determine the efficacy of various transitional care interventions, such as early follow-up, where risk for confounding by indication is high.
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Date Issued: 2017-08-10
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28796810, 10.1371/journal.pone.0182669, PMC5552135, 28796810, 28796810, PONE-D-17-08560
Format: Citation

Title: Patient Opinions About Screening for Suicide Risk in the Adult Medical Inpatient Unit.
Creator: Snyder, Deborah J, Ballard, Elizabeth D, Stanley, Ian H, Ludi, Erica, Kohn-Godbout, Julie, Pao, Maryland, Horowitz, Lisa M
Abstract/Description: As hospital clinicians and administrators consider implementing suicide risk screening on medical inpatient units, patient reactions to screening can provide essential input. This post hoc analysis examined patient opinions about screening for suicide risk in the medical setting. This analysis includes a subsample of a larger quality improvement project designed to screen medically hospitalized patients for suicide risk. Fifty-three adult medical inpatients at a clinical research hospital...
Show moreAs hospital clinicians and administrators consider implementing suicide risk screening on medical inpatient units, patient reactions to screening can provide essential input. This post hoc analysis examined patient opinions about screening for suicide risk in the medical setting. This analysis includes a subsample of a larger quality improvement project designed to screen medically hospitalized patients for suicide risk. Fifty-three adult medical inpatients at a clinical research hospital provided opinions about suicide risk screening. A qualitative analysis of responses to an opinion question about screening was conducted to identify major themes. Forty-three (81%) patients supported screening medical inpatients for suicide risk. Common themes emphasized asking patients directly about suicide, connection between mental/physical health, and the role of screening in suicide prevention. Adult medical inpatients supported screening for suicide risk on medical/surgical inpatient units. Behavioral health clinicians are uniquely poised to champion suicide detection and intervention in the general medical hospital setting. Patient opinions can be utilized to inform thoughtful implementation of universal suicide risk screening in the medical setting.
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Date Issued: 2017-07-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27072154, 10.1007/s11414-016-9498-7, PMC5199619, 27072154, 27072154, 10.1007/s11414-016-9498-7
Format: Citation

Title: Parental educational attainment and adult offspring personality: An intergenerational life span approach to the origin of adult personality traits..
Creator: Sutin, Angelina R, Luchetti, Martina, Stephan, Yannick, Robins, Richard W, Terracciano, Antonio
Abstract/Description: Why do some individuals have more self-control or are more vulnerable to stress than others? Where do these basic personality traits come from? Although a fundamental question in personality, more is known about how traits are related to important life outcomes than their developmental origins. The present research took an intergenerational life span approach to address whether a significant aspect of the childhood environment-parental educational attainment-was associated with offspring...
Show moreWhy do some individuals have more self-control or are more vulnerable to stress than others? Where do these basic personality traits come from? Although a fundamental question in personality, more is known about how traits are related to important life outcomes than their developmental origins. The present research took an intergenerational life span approach to address whether a significant aspect of the childhood environment-parental educational attainment-was associated with offspring personality traits in adulthood. We tested the association between parents' educational levels and adult offspring personality traits in 7 samples (overall age range 14-95) and meta-analytically combined the results (total N > 60,000). Parents with more years of education had children who were more open, extraverted, and emotionally stable as adults. These associations were small but consistent, of similar modest magnitude to the association between life events and change in personality in adulthood, and were also supported by longitudinal analyses. Contrary to expectations, parental educational attainment was unrelated to offspring Conscientiousness, except for a surprisingly negative association in the younger cohorts. The results were similar in a subsample of participants who were adopted, which suggested that environmental mechanisms were as relevant as shared genetic variants. Participant levels of education were associated with greater conscientiousness, emotional stability, extraversion, and openness and partially mediated the relation between parent education and personality. Child IQ and family income were also partial mediators. The results of this research suggest that parental educational attainment is 1 intergenerational factor associated with offspring personality development in adulthood. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Date Issued: 2017-07-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28287753, 10.1037/pspp0000137, PMC5472504, 28287753, 28287753, 2017-11240-001
Format: Citation

Title: Personality traits and risk of cognitive impairment and dementia.
Creator: Terracciano, Antonio, Stephan, Yannick, Luchetti, Martina, Albanese, Emiliano, Sutin, Angelina R
Abstract/Description: We investigated the association between five factor model personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) and risk of dementia, cognitive impairment not dementia (CIND), and conversion from CIND to dementia in a large national cohort. Participants from the Health and Retirement Study (N > 10,000) completed a personality scale in 2006-2008 and their cognitive status was tracked for up to 8 years using the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive...
Show moreWe investigated the association between five factor model personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) and risk of dementia, cognitive impairment not dementia (CIND), and conversion from CIND to dementia in a large national cohort. Participants from the Health and Retirement Study (N > 10,000) completed a personality scale in 2006-2008 and their cognitive status was tracked for up to 8 years using the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICSm). Adjusting for age, sex, education, race, and ethnicity, lower conscientiousness and agreeableness and higher neuroticism were independently associated with increased risk of dementia. These associations remained significant after adjusting for other risk factors for dementia, including income, wealth, smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and blood biomarkers. These associations were not modified by age, sex, race, ethnicity, and education, suggesting that the associations of personality with risk of dementia were similar across demographic groups. Neuroticism and conscientiousness were also associated with risk of CIND. Low conscientiousness predicted conversion from CIND to dementia. Using brief assessments of personality and cognition, we found robust evidence that personality is associated with risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in a large national sample.
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Date Issued: 2017-06-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28153642, 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.01.011, PMC5374012, 28153642, 28153642, S0022-3956(16)30635-5
Format: Citation

Title: Anxiety sensitivity mediates gender differences in post-concussive symptoms in a clinical sample.
Creator: Albanese, Brian J, Boffa, Joseph W, Macatee, Richard J, Schmidt, Norman B
Abstract/Description: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is both prevalent and potentially disabling. Extant literature has demonstrated women to report greater post-concussive symptoms (PCS) compared to men, highlighting the necessity of investigations into malleable, gender-linked risk factors for PCS that hold promise for reducing this gender disparity. Anxiety Sensitivity (AS) and Distress Tolerance (DT) are gender-linked risk factors that may be related to PCS. Despite a breadth of research supporting elevated AS...
Show moreTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is both prevalent and potentially disabling. Extant literature has demonstrated women to report greater post-concussive symptoms (PCS) compared to men, highlighting the necessity of investigations into malleable, gender-linked risk factors for PCS that hold promise for reducing this gender disparity. Anxiety Sensitivity (AS) and Distress Tolerance (DT) are gender-linked risk factors that may be related to PCS. Despite a breadth of research supporting elevated AS and reduced DT in women, no study to date has investigated whether AS and DT mediate gender differences in PCS. The current sample was composed of 59 participants selected from a larger study based on their report of a past TBI. Findings indicated that AS, but not DT, significantly mediated gender differences in PCS. The present results suggest that AS is a cognitive risk factor that can partially account for the gender disparity in the expression of PCS. AS may influence an individual's interpretation of PCS as dangerous, thereby amplifying the perception of PCS severity. This suggests that efforts to reduce the burden of TBI may benefit from targeting AS in prevention and treatment paradigms, especially among women.
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Date Issued: 2017-06-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28285252, 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.099, PMC5438889, 28285252, 28285252, S0165-1781(16)30114-7
Format: Citation

Title: Sensory functioning and personality development among older adults.
Creator: Stephan, Yannick, Sutin, Angelina R, Bosselut, Grégoire, Terracciano, Antonio
Abstract/Description: Deficits in sensory functioning, such as poor vision and hearing, take a significant toll on quality of life. Little is known, however, about their relation with personality development across adulthood. This study examined whether baseline and change in vision and hearing were associated with personality change over a 4-year period. Participants (N = 7,471; Mage = 66.89; 59% women) were drawn from the Health and Retirement Study. They provided data on vision, hearing, and personality both at...
Show moreDeficits in sensory functioning, such as poor vision and hearing, take a significant toll on quality of life. Little is known, however, about their relation with personality development across adulthood. This study examined whether baseline and change in vision and hearing were associated with personality change over a 4-year period. Participants (N = 7,471; Mage = 66.89; 59% women) were drawn from the Health and Retirement Study. They provided data on vision, hearing, and personality both at baseline and 4 years later. Poor vision and hearing at baseline and declines in vision and hearing over time were independently related to steeper declines in extraversion, agreeableness, openness, and conscientiousness, and less decline in neuroticism, controlling for demographic factors, disease burden, and depressive symptoms. Sensory functioning was generally a stronger predictor of personality change than disease burden or depressive symptoms. Consistent with evidence that poor and worsening sensory functions compromise individuals' interactions with the social and physical environment, this study found deficits in hearing and vision were also associated with maladaptive personality trajectories in older adults. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Date Issued: 2017-03-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28287784, 10.1037/pag0000159, PMC5481780, 28287784, 28287784, 2017-10607-004
Format: Citation

Title: Personality and actigraphy-measured physical activity in older adults.
Creator: Artese, Ashley, Ehley, Desirae, Sutin, Angelina R, Terracciano, Antonio
Abstract/Description: Most studies on personality and physical activity have relied on self-report measures. This study examined the relation between Five Factor Model personality traits and objective physical activity in older adults. Sixty-nine participants (Mage = 80.2 years; SD = 7.1) wore the ActiGraph monitor for 7 days and completed the NEO Personality Inventory-3 First Half. Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness were associated with more moderate physical activity and more steps per day...
Show moreMost studies on personality and physical activity have relied on self-report measures. This study examined the relation between Five Factor Model personality traits and objective physical activity in older adults. Sixty-nine participants (Mage = 80.2 years; SD = 7.1) wore the ActiGraph monitor for 7 days and completed the NEO Personality Inventory-3 First Half. Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness were associated with more moderate physical activity and more steps per day whereas Neuroticism was inversely related to these physical activity measures (βs > .20). The associations for Neuroticism and Conscientiousness were attenuated by approximately 20-40% when accounting for disease burden and body mass index but were essentially unchanged for Extraversion and Agreeableness. These findings confirm self-report evidence that personality traits are associated with physical activity levels in older adults. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Date Issued: 2017-03-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28287783, 10.1037/pag0000158, PMC5369413, 28287783, 28287783, 2017-10607-003
Format: Citation

Title: Subjective Age and Dementia.
Creator: Jaconelli, Alban, Terracciano, Antonio, Sutin, Angelina R, Sarrazin, Philippe, Raffard, Stéphane, Stephan, Yannick
Abstract/Description: Existing evidence indicates that a younger subjective age is a marker of successful aging, including better health and cognition. Building upon this evidence, it is likely that individuals with dementia might feel older. However, subjective evaluation of age might not be affected by dementia because these individuals tend to be anosognosic and report positive health-related quality of life. Data from two cross-sectional samples from France and the United States were used to compare the...
Show moreExisting evidence indicates that a younger subjective age is a marker of successful aging, including better health and cognition. Building upon this evidence, it is likely that individuals with dementia might feel older. However, subjective evaluation of age might not be affected by dementia because these individuals tend to be anosognosic and report positive health-related quality of life. Data from two cross-sectional samples from France and the United States were used to compare the subjective age ratings of individuals with and without dementia. Results from both samples revealed that individuals with dementia felt younger than their age but did not differ from the controls, even after controlling for sex, chronological age, education, and self-rated health. The present study suggests that there are no large differences in the subjective experience of age between healthy individuals and those with dementia.
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Date Issued: 2017-03-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28452675, 10.1080/07317115.2016.1187695, PMC5412589, 28452675, 28452675
Format: Citation

Title: Perceived weight discrimination mediates the prospective relation between obesity and depressive symptoms in U.S. and U.K. adults.
Creator: Robinson, Eric, Sutin, Angelina, Daly, Michael
Abstract/Description: Obesity has been shown to increase risk of depression. Persons with obesity experience discrimination because of their body weight. Across 3 studies, we tested for the first time whether experiencing (perceived) weight-based discrimination explains why obesity is prospectively associated with increases in depressive symptoms. Data from 3 studies, including the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2008/2009-2012/2013), the Health and Retirement Study (2006/2008-2010/2012), and Midlife in the...
Show moreObesity has been shown to increase risk of depression. Persons with obesity experience discrimination because of their body weight. Across 3 studies, we tested for the first time whether experiencing (perceived) weight-based discrimination explains why obesity is prospectively associated with increases in depressive symptoms. Data from 3 studies, including the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2008/2009-2012/2013), the Health and Retirement Study (2006/2008-2010/2012), and Midlife in the United States (1995/1996-2004/2005), were used to examine associations between obesity, perceived weight discrimination, and depressive symptoms among 20,286 U.S. and U.K. adults. Across all 3 studies, Class II and III obesity were reliably associated with increases in depressive symptoms from baseline to follow-up. Perceived weight-based discrimination predicted increases in depressive symptoms over time and mediated the prospective association between obesity and depressive symptoms in all 3 studies. Persons with Class II and III obesity were more likely to report experiencing weight-based discrimination, and this explained approximately 31% of the obesity-related increase in depressive symptoms on average across the 3 studies. In U.S. and U.K. samples, the prospective association between obesity (defined using body mass index) and increases in depressive symptoms in adulthood may in part be explained by perceived weight discrimination. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Date Issued: 2017-02-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27748611, 10.1037/hea0000426, PMC5267562, 27748611, 27748611, 2016-49908-001
Format: Citation

Title: Comparison of health utility weights among elderly patients receiving breast-conserving surgery plus hormonal therapy with or without radiotherapy.
Creator: Ali, Askal Ayalew, Xiao, Hong, Tawk, Rima, Campbell, Ellen, Semykina, Anastasia, Montero, Alberto J, Diaby, Vakaramoko
Abstract/Description: The selection of the most appropriate treatment combinations requires the balancing of benefits and harms of these treatment options as well as the patients' preferences for the resulting outcomes. This research aimed at estimating and comparing the utility weights between elderly women with early stage hormone receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer receiving a combination of radiotherapy and hormonal therapy after breast conserving surgery (BCS) and those receiving a combination of BCS and...
Show moreThe selection of the most appropriate treatment combinations requires the balancing of benefits and harms of these treatment options as well as the patients' preferences for the resulting outcomes. This research aimed at estimating and comparing the utility weights between elderly women with early stage hormone receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer receiving a combination of radiotherapy and hormonal therapy after breast conserving surgery (BCS) and those receiving a combination of BCS and hormonal therapy. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) linked with Medicare Health Outcomes Survey (MHOS) was used as the data source. Health utility weights were derived from the VR-12 health-related quality of life instrument using a mapping algorithm. Descriptive statistics of the sample were provided. Two sample t-tests were performed to determine potential differences in mean health utility weights between the two groups after propensity score matching. The average age at diagnosis was 72 vs. 76 years for the treated and the untreated groups, respectively. The results showed an inverse relationship between the receipt of radiotherapy and age. Patients who received radiotherapy had, on average, a higher health utility weight (0.70; SD = 0.123) compared with those who did not receive radiotherapy (0.676; SD = 0.130). Only treated patients who had more than two comorbid conditions had significantly higher health utility weights compared with patients who were not treated. The mean health utility weights estimated for the radiotherapy and no radiotherapy groups can be used to inform a comparative cost-effectiveness analysis of the treatment options. However, the results of this study may not be generalizable to those who are outside a managed care plan because MHOS data is collected on managed care beneficiaries.
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Date Issued: 2017-02-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27819160, 10.1080/03007995.2016.1257983, PMC5344798, 27819160, 27819160
Format: Citation

Title: Insomnia and suicide-related behaviors: A multi-study investigation of thwarted belongingness as a distinct explanatory factor..
Creator: Chu, Carol, Hom, Melanie A, Rogers, Megan L, Stanley, Ian H, Ringer-Moberg, Fallon B, Podlogar, Matthew C, Hirsch, Jameson K, Joiner, Thomas E
Abstract/Description: Insomnia is a robust correlate of suicidal ideation and behavior. Preliminary research has identified thwarted belongingness (c.f. social disconnection) as an explanatory link between insomnia and suicidal ideation. This study replicates and extends previous findings using both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs in four demographically diverse samples. Additionally, the specificity of thwarted belongingness was evaluated by testing anxiety as a rival mediator. Self-report measures of...
Show moreInsomnia is a robust correlate of suicidal ideation and behavior. Preliminary research has identified thwarted belongingness (c.f. social disconnection) as an explanatory link between insomnia and suicidal ideation. This study replicates and extends previous findings using both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs in four demographically diverse samples. Additionally, the specificity of thwarted belongingness was evaluated by testing anxiety as a rival mediator. Self-report measures of insomnia symptoms, thwarted belongingness, suicidal ideation and behavior, and anxiety were administered in four adult samples: 469 undergraduate students, 352 psychiatric outpatients, 858 firefighters, and 217 primary care patients. More severe insomnia was associated with more severe thwarted belongingness and suicidality. Thwarted belongingness significantly accounted for the association between insomnia and suicidality, cross-sectionally and longitudinally, beyond anxiety. Notably, findings supported the specificity of thwarted belongingness: anxiety did not significantly mediate the association between insomnia and suicidality, and insomnia did not mediate the relation between thwarted belongingness and suicidality. This study relied solely on self-report measures. Future studies incorporating objective sleep measurements are needed. Findings underscore the utility of assessing and addressing sleep disturbances and social disconnection to reduce suicide risk.
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Date Issued: 2017-01-15
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27770645, 10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.065, PMC5154904, 27770645, 27770645, S0165-0327(16)31130-2
Format: Citation

Title: Integrative Comparison of mRNA Expression Patterns in Breast Cancers from Caucasian and Asian Americans with Implications for Precision Medicine.
Creator: Shi, Yanxia, Steppi, Albert, Cao, Ye, Wang, Jianan, He, Max M, Li, Liren, Zhang, Jinfeng
Abstract/Description: Asian Americans (AS) have significantly lower incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer than Caucasian Americans (CA). Although this racial disparity has been documented, the underlying pathogenetic factors explaining it are obscure. We addressed this issue by an integrative genomics approach to compare mRNA expression between AS and CA cases of breast cancer. RNA-seq data from the Cancer Genome Atlas showed that mRNA expression revealed significant differences at gene and pathway levels...
Show moreAsian Americans (AS) have significantly lower incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer than Caucasian Americans (CA). Although this racial disparity has been documented, the underlying pathogenetic factors explaining it are obscure. We addressed this issue by an integrative genomics approach to compare mRNA expression between AS and CA cases of breast cancer. RNA-seq data from the Cancer Genome Atlas showed that mRNA expression revealed significant differences at gene and pathway levels. Increased susceptibility and severity in CA patients were likely the result of synergistic environmental and genetic risk factors, with arachidonic acid metabolism and PPAR signaling pathways implicated in linking environmental and genetic factors. An analysis that also added eQTL data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression Project and SNP data from the 1,000 Genomes Project identified several SNPs associated with differentially expressed genes. Overall, the associations we identified may enable a more focused study of genotypic differences that may help explain the disparity in breast cancer incidence and mortality rates in CA and AS populations and inform precision medicine. Cancer Res; 77(2); 423-33. ©2016 AACR.
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Date Issued: 2017-01-15
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28069798, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-1959, PMC5243181, 28069798, 28069798
Format: Citation

Title: Tensile biomechanical properties of human temporomandibular joint disc: Effects of direction, region and sex..
Creator: Wright, Gregory J, Coombs, Matthew C, Hepfer, R Glenn, Damon, Brooke J, Bacro, Thierry H, Lecholop, Michael K, Slate, Elizabeth H, Yao, Hai
Abstract/Description: Approximately 30% of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders include degenerative changes to the articular disc, with sex-specific differences in prevalence and severity. Limited tensile biomechanical properties of human TMJ discs have been reported. Stress relaxation tests were conducted on TMJ disc specimens harvested bilaterally from six males and six females (68.9±7.9 years), with step-strain increments of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30%, at 1% strain-per-second. Stress versus strain plots were...
Show moreApproximately 30% of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders include degenerative changes to the articular disc, with sex-specific differences in prevalence and severity. Limited tensile biomechanical properties of human TMJ discs have been reported. Stress relaxation tests were conducted on TMJ disc specimens harvested bilaterally from six males and six females (68.9±7.9 years), with step-strain increments of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30%, at 1% strain-per-second. Stress versus strain plots were constructed, and Young׳s Modulus, Instantaneous Modulus and Relaxed Modulus were determined. The effects of direction, region, and sex were examined. Regional effects were significant (p<0.01) for Young׳s Modulus and Instantaneous Modulus. Anteroposteriorly, the central region was significantly stiffer than medial and lateral regions. Mediolaterally, the posterior region was significantly stiffer than central and anterior regions. In the central region, anteroposteriorly directed specimens were significantly stiffer compared to mediolateral specimens (p<0.04). TMJ disc stiffness, indicated by Young׳s Modulus and Instantaneous Modulus, was higher in directions corresponding to high fiber alignment. Additionally, human TMJ discs were stiffer for females compared to males, with higher Young׳s Modulus and Instantaneous Modulus, and female TMJ discs relaxed less. However, sex effects were not statistically significant. Using second-harmonic generation microscopy, regional collagen fiber organization was identified as a potentially significant factor in determining the biomechanical properties for any combination of direction and region. These findings establish structure-function relationships between collagen fiber direction and organization with biomechanical response to tensile loading, and may provide insights into the prevalence of TMJ disorders among women.
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Date Issued: 2016-12-08
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27743627, 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.09.033, PMC5164967, 27743627, 27743627, S0021-9290(16)31040-5
Format: Citation

Title: The sequential pathway between trauma-related symptom severity and cognitive-based smoking processes through perceived stress and negative affect reduction expectancies among trauma exposed smokers.
Creator: Garey, Lorra, Cheema, Mina K, Otal, Tanveer K, Schmidt, Norman B, Neighbors, Clayton, Zvolensky, Michael J
Abstract/Description: Smoking rates are markedly higher among trauma-exposed individuals relative to non-trauma-exposed individuals. Extant work suggests that both perceived stress and negative affect reduction smoking expectancies are independent mechanisms that link trauma-related symptoms and smoking. Yet, no work has examined perceived stress and negative affect reduction smoking expectancies as potential explanatory variables for the relation between trauma-related symptom severity and smoking in a sequential...
Show moreSmoking rates are markedly higher among trauma-exposed individuals relative to non-trauma-exposed individuals. Extant work suggests that both perceived stress and negative affect reduction smoking expectancies are independent mechanisms that link trauma-related symptoms and smoking. Yet, no work has examined perceived stress and negative affect reduction smoking expectancies as potential explanatory variables for the relation between trauma-related symptom severity and smoking in a sequential pathway model. Methods The present study utilized a sample of treatment-seeking, trauma-exposed smokers (n = 363; 49.0% female) to examine perceived stress and negative affect reduction expectancies for smoking as potential sequential explanatory variables linking trauma-related symptom severity and nicotine dependence, perceived barriers to smoking cessation, and severity of withdrawal-related problems and symptoms during past quit attempts. As hypothesized, perceived stress and negative affect reduction expectancies had a significant sequential indirect effect on trauma-related symptom severity and criterion variables. Findings further elucidate the complex pathways through which trauma-related symptoms contribute to smoking behavior and cognitions, and highlight the importance of addressing perceived stress and negative affect reduction expectancies in smoking cessation programs among trauma-exposed individuals. (Am J Addict 2016;25:565-572).
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Date Issued: 2016-10-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27658236, 10.1111/ajad.12442, PMC5531681, 27658236, 27658236
Format: Citation

Title: Perceived weight discrimination, changes in health, and daily stressors.
Creator: Sutin, Angelina R, Stephan, Yannick, Grzywacz, Joseph G, Robinson, Eric, Daly, Michael, Terracciano, Antonio
Abstract/Description: To examine whether perceived weight discrimination is associated with change in health markers over time and whether it is associated with daily stressors, physical symptoms, and affect. Participants were selected from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study if they had data on perceived weight discrimination and health markers at MIDUS II (2004-2006), health markers at MIDUS III (2013-2014), and a body mass index ≥25 kg/m(2) (N = 1,841). A subset of these participants (N = 1,153)...
Show moreTo examine whether perceived weight discrimination is associated with change in health markers over time and whether it is associated with daily stressors, physical symptoms, and affect. Participants were selected from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study if they had data on perceived weight discrimination and health markers at MIDUS II (2004-2006), health markers at MIDUS III (2013-2014), and a body mass index ≥25 kg/m(2) (N = 1,841). A subset of these participants (N = 1,153) reported on their experiences daily for 8 days as part of the second National Study of Daily Experiences. Perceived weight discrimination was associated with declines in mental and physical health over time (median β = 0.06). Participants who reported weight discrimination experienced more daily stressors (β = 0.13), physical symptoms (β = 0.13), and negative affect (β = 0.13) and less positive affect (β = -0.12) over the 8 days of the second National Study of Daily Experiences. Weight discrimination was most strongly associated with interpersonal stressors (median β = 0.14), feelings of anger (β = 0.16) and frustration (β = 0.14), lower attention (β = -0.14) and activity (β = -0.16), and more nonspecific physical symptoms (e.g., fatigue; β = 0.10). This research replicates the association between perceived weight discrimination and worse health over time and extends this literature to show that people who experience weight discrimination have more daily stressors, physical symptoms, and negative emotions.
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Date Issued: 2016-10-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27581053, 10.1002/oby.21598, PMC5301307, 27581053, 27581053
Format: Citation

Title: An investigation of the association of genetic susceptibility risk with somatic mutation burden in breast cancer.
Creator: Zhu, Bin, Mukherjee, Anwesha, Machiela, Mitchell J, Song, Lei, Hua, Xing, Shi, Jianxin, Garcia-Closas, Montserrat, Chanock, Stephen J, Chatterjee, Nilanjan
Abstract/Description: Genome-wide association studies have reported nearly 100 common germline susceptibility loci associated with the risk for breast cancer. Tumour sequencing studies have characterised somatic mutation profiles in breast cancer patients. The relationship between breast cancer susceptibility loci and somatic mutation patterns in breast cancer remains largely unexplored. We used single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping array data and tumour exome sequencing data available from 638 breast...
Show moreGenome-wide association studies have reported nearly 100 common germline susceptibility loci associated with the risk for breast cancer. Tumour sequencing studies have characterised somatic mutation profiles in breast cancer patients. The relationship between breast cancer susceptibility loci and somatic mutation patterns in breast cancer remains largely unexplored. We used single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping array data and tumour exome sequencing data available from 638 breast cancer patients of European ancestry from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. We analysed both genotype data and, when necessary, imputed genotypes for 90 known breast cancer susceptibility loci. We performed linear regression models to investigate possible associations between germline risk variants with total somatic mutation count (TSMC), as well as specific mutation types. We examined individual SNP genotypes, as well as a multi-SNP polygenic risk score (PRS). Models were statistically adjusted for age at diagnosis, stage, oestrogen-receptor (ER) and progesterone-receptor (PR) status of breast cancer. We also performed stratified analyses by ER and PR status. We observed a significant inverse association (P=8.75 × 10(-6); FDR=0.001) between the risk allele in rs2588809 of the gene RAD51B and TSMC across all breast cancer patients, for both ER(+) and ER(-) tumours. This association was also evident for different types of mutations. The PRS analysis for all patients, with or without rs2588809, showed a significant inverse association (P=0.01 and 0.04, respectively) with TSMC. This inverse association was significant in ER(+) patients with the ER(+)-specific PRS (P=0.02), but not among ER(-) patients for the ER(-)-specific PRS (P=0.39). We observed an inverse association between common germline risk variants and TSMC, which, if confirmed, could provide new insights into how germline variation informs our understanding of somatic mutation patterns in breast cancer.
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Date Issued: 2016-09-06
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27467053, 10.1038/bjc.2016.223, PMC5023771, 27467053, 27467053, bjc2016223
Format: Citation

Title: Prevalence and Factors Associated With Statin Use Among a Nationally Representative Sample of US Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2012..
Creator: Adedinsewo, Demilade, Taka, Nchang, Agasthi, Pradyumna, Sachdeva, Rajesh, Rust, George, Onwuanyi, Anekwe
Abstract/Description: The 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines recommend statins for adults age ≤75 years who have clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (IA) and adults age 40 to 75 years with diabetes mellitus and LDL-C 70-189 mg/dl (IA). Our aim was to estimate the prevalence and likelihood of statin use among selected statin benefit groups. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012, we examined 5319 adults age ≥20 years...
Show moreThe 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines recommend statins for adults age ≤75 years who have clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (IA) and adults age 40 to 75 years with diabetes mellitus and LDL-C 70-189 mg/dl (IA). Our aim was to estimate the prevalence and likelihood of statin use among selected statin benefit groups. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012, we examined 5319 adults age ≥20 years. We estimated weighted frequencies and prevalence of statin use for adults with diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia (or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥70 mg/dL), defined as statin benefit group 1 (SBG1); and for adults with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, defined as statin benefit group 2 (SBG2). We constructed a logistic regression model to estimate odds of statin use in SBG1. Overall, an estimated 38.6 million Americans are on a statin. In adjusted models, uninsured and Hispanic adults were less likely to be on a statin compared with white adults; 59.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 53.0-66.1) of all adults in SBG1, 58.8% (95% CI: 51.5-66.1) of adults age 40 to 75 in SBG1, and 63.5% (95% CI: 55.6-71.4) of all adults in SBG2 were on a statin. Although the prevalence of statin use has increased over time, Hispanic ethnicity and lack of insurance remain barriers to statin use. Black-white racial disparities were not significant. Our study provides a baseline estimate of statin use in the noninstitutionalized population just prior to introduction of the new guidelines and provides a reference for evaluating the impact of the new guidelines on statin utilization.
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Date Issued: 2016-09-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27505443, 10.1002/clc.22577, PMC5030167, 27505443, 27505443
Format: Citation

Title: Posttraumatic stress symptom severity and cognitive-based smoking processes among trauma-exposed treatment-seeking smokers: The role of perceived stress..
Creator: Garey, Lorra, Bakhshaie, Jafar, Vujanovic, Anka A, Reitzel, Lorraine R, Schmidt, Norman B, Zvolensky, Michael J
Abstract/Description: Trauma exposure and smoking co-occur at an alarmingly high rate. However, there is little understanding of the mechanisms underlying this clinically significant relation. The present study examined perceived stress as an explanatory mechanism linking posttraumatic stress symptom severity and smoking-specific avoidance/inflexibility, perceived barriers to smoking cessation, and negative affect reduction/negative reinforcement expectancies from smoking among trauma-exposed smokers. Participants...
Show moreTrauma exposure and smoking co-occur at an alarmingly high rate. However, there is little understanding of the mechanisms underlying this clinically significant relation. The present study examined perceived stress as an explanatory mechanism linking posttraumatic stress symptom severity and smoking-specific avoidance/inflexibility, perceived barriers to smoking cessation, and negative affect reduction/negative reinforcement expectancies from smoking among trauma-exposed smokers. Participants were trauma-exposed, treatment-seeking daily cigarette smokers (n=179; 48.0% female; Mage=41.17; SD=12.55). Results indicated that posttraumatic stress symptom severity had an indirect significant effect on each of the dependent variables via perceived stress. The present results provide empirical support that perceived stress may be an underlying mechanism that indirectly explains posttraumatic symptoms relation to smoking-specific avoidance/inflexibility, perceived barriers to smoking cessation, and negative affect reduction/negative reinforcement expectancies among trauma-exposed smokers. These findings suggest that there may be clinical utility in targeting perceived stress among trauma-exposed smokers via stress management psychoeducation and skills training.
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Date Issued: 2016-09-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27100473, 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.03.038, PMC4884455, 27100473, 27100473, S0306-4603(16)30140-X
Format: Citation

Title: Gender specific profiles of white coat and masked hypertension impacts on arterial structure and function in the SardiNIA study.
Creator: Scuteri, Angelo, Morrell, Christopher H, Orru', Marco, AlGhatrif, Majid, Saba, Pier Sergio, Terracciano, Antonio, Ferreli, Liana Anna Pina, Loi, Francesco, Marongiu, Michele,...
Show moreScuteri, Angelo, Morrell, Christopher H, Orru', Marco, AlGhatrif, Majid, Saba, Pier Sergio, Terracciano, Antonio, Ferreli, Liana Anna Pina, Loi, Francesco, Marongiu, Michele, Pilia, Maria Grazia, Delitala, Alessandro, Tarasov, Kirill V, Schlessinger, David, Ganau, Antonello, Cucca, Francesco, Lakatta, Edward G
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Date Issued: 2016-08-15
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27179214, 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.04.172, PMC5206901, 27179214, 27179214, S0167-5273(16)30875-0
Format: Citation

Title: A value proposition for early physical therapist management of neck pain: a retrospective cohort analysis..
Creator: Horn, Maggie E, Brennan, Gerard P, George, Steven Z, Harman, Jeffrey S, Bishop, Mark D
Abstract/Description: Neck pain is one of the most common reasons for entry into the healthcare system. Recent increases in healthcare utilization and medical costs have not correlated with improvements in health. Therefore there is a need to identify management strategies for neck pain that are effective for the patient, cost efficient for the payer and provided at the optimal time during an episode of neck pain. One thousand five hundred thirty-one patients who underwent physical therapist management with a...
Show moreNeck pain is one of the most common reasons for entry into the healthcare system. Recent increases in healthcare utilization and medical costs have not correlated with improvements in health. Therefore there is a need to identify management strategies for neck pain that are effective for the patient, cost efficient for the payer and provided at the optimal time during an episode of neck pain. One thousand five hundred thirty-one patients who underwent physical therapist management with a primary complaint of non-specific neck pain from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2012 were identified from the Rehabilitation Outcomes Management System (ROMS) database at Intermountain Healthcare. Patients reporting duration of symptoms less than 4 weeks were designated as undergoing "early" management and patients with duration of symptoms greater than 4 weeks were designated as receiving "delayed" management. These groups were compared using binary logistic regression to examine odds of achieving Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) on the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Separate generalized linear modeling examined the effect of timing of physical therapist management on the metrics of value and efficiency. Patients who received early physical therapist management had increased odds of achieving MCID on the NDI (aOR = 2.01, 95 % CI 1.57, 2.56) and MCID on the NPRS (aOR = 1.82, 95 % CI 1.42, 2.38), when compared to patients receiving delayed management. Patients who received early management demonstrated the greatest value in decreasing disability with a 2.27 percentage point change in NDI score per 100 dollars, best value in decreasing pain with a 0.38 point change on the NPRS per 100 dollars. Finally, patients receiving early management were managed more efficiently with a 3.44 percentage point change in NDI score per visit and 0.57 point change in NPRS score per visit. These findings suggest that healthcare systems that provide pathways for patients to receive early physical therapist management of neck pain may realize improved patient outcomes, greater value and higher efficiency in decreasing disability and pain compared to delayed management. Further research is needed to confirm this assertion.
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Date Issued: 2016-07-12
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27405318, 10.1186/s12913-016-1504-5, PMC4942887, 27405318, 27405318, 10.1186/s12913-016-1504-5
Format: Citation

Title: Personality and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: Data From a Longitudinal Sample and Meta-Analysis..
Creator: Luchetti, Martina, Terracciano, Antonio, Stephan, Yannick, Sutin, Angelina R
Abstract/Description: Personality traits are associated with risk of dementia; less is known about their association with the trajectory of cognitive functioning. This research examines the association between the 5 major dimensions of personality and cognitive function and decline in older adulthood and includes a meta-analysis of published studies. Personality traits, objective and subjective memory, and cognitive status were collected in a large national sample (N = 13,987) with a 4-year follow-up period. For...
Show morePersonality traits are associated with risk of dementia; less is known about their association with the trajectory of cognitive functioning. This research examines the association between the 5 major dimensions of personality and cognitive function and decline in older adulthood and includes a meta-analysis of published studies. Personality traits, objective and subjective memory, and cognitive status were collected in a large national sample (N = 13,987) with a 4-year follow-up period. For each trait, the meta-analysis pooled results from up to 5 prospective studies to examine personality and change in global cognition. Higher Neuroticism was associated with worse performance on all cognitive measures and greater decline in memory, whereas higher Conscientiousness and Openness were associated with better memory performance concurrently and less decline over time. All traits were associated with subjective memory. Higher Conscientiousness and lower Extraversion were associated with better cognitive status and less decline. Although modest, these associations were generally larger than that of hypertension, diabetes, history of psychological treatment, obesity, smoking, and physical inactivity. The meta-analysis supported the association between Neuroticism and Conscientiousness and cognitive decline. Personality is associated with cognitive decline in older adults, with effects comparable to established clinical and lifestyle risk factors.
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Date Issued: 2016-07-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_25583598, 10.1093/geronb/gbu184, PMC4903032, 25583598, 25583598, gbu184
Format: Citation

Title: Examining an underlying mechanism between perceived stress and smoking cessation-related outcomes.
Creator: Robles, Zuzuky, Garey, Lorra, Hogan, Julianna, Bakhshaie, Jafar, Schmidt, Norman B, Zvolensky, Michael J
Abstract/Description: The mediational role of negative reinforcement smoking outcome expectancies in the relation between perceived stress and (1) perceived barriers to cessation, (2) severity of problematic symptoms during past quit attempts, and (3) smoking-specific experiential avoidance (AIS) was examined. Data were drawn from a baseline assessment of a larger clinical trial. Participants included 332 adult treatment-seeking smokers (47.3% female; Mage=38.45; SD=.50; age range: 18-65 years). Results indicated...
Show moreThe mediational role of negative reinforcement smoking outcome expectancies in the relation between perceived stress and (1) perceived barriers to cessation, (2) severity of problematic symptoms during past quit attempts, and (3) smoking-specific experiential avoidance (AIS) was examined. Data were drawn from a baseline assessment of a larger clinical trial. Participants included 332 adult treatment-seeking smokers (47.3% female; Mage=38.45; SD=.50; age range: 18-65 years). Results indicated that perceived stress was indirectly related to perceived barriers to smoking cessation, severity of problematic symptoms during past quit attempts, and AIS through negative reinforcement outcome expectancies. These results were evident after accounting for the variance explained by gender, negative affectivity, and alternative outcome expectancies for smoking. The present findings suggest that smokers with greater perceived stress experience greater negative reinforcement smoking expectancies, which in turn, may be related to numerous processes involved in the maintenance of smoking.
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Date Issued: 2016-07-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26946445, 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.02.022, PMC5531612, 26946445, 26946445, S0306-4603(16)30056-9
Format: Citation

Title: A Quantile Regression Approach to Understanding the Relations Among Morphological Awareness, Vocabulary, and Reading Comprehension in Adult Basic Education Students.
Creator: Tighe, Elizabeth L, Schatschneider, Christopher
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the joint and unique contributions of morphological awareness and vocabulary knowledge at five reading comprehension levels in adult basic education (ABE) students. We introduce the statistical technique of multiple quantile regression, which enabled us to assess the predictive utility of morphological awareness and vocabulary knowledge at multiple points (quantiles) along the continuous distribution of reading comprehension. To demonstrate the...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the joint and unique contributions of morphological awareness and vocabulary knowledge at five reading comprehension levels in adult basic education (ABE) students. We introduce the statistical technique of multiple quantile regression, which enabled us to assess the predictive utility of morphological awareness and vocabulary knowledge at multiple points (quantiles) along the continuous distribution of reading comprehension. To demonstrate the efficacy of our multiple quantile regression analysis, we compared and contrasted our results with a traditional multiple regression analytic approach. Our results indicated that morphological awareness and vocabulary knowledge accounted for a large portion of the variance (82%-95%) in reading comprehension skills across all quantiles. Morphological awareness exhibited the greatest unique predictive ability at lower levels of reading comprehension whereas vocabulary knowledge exhibited the greatest unique predictive ability at higher levels of reading comprehension. These results indicate the utility of using multiple quantile regression to assess trajectories of component skills across multiple levels of reading comprehension. The implications of our findings for ABE programs are discussed.
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Date Issued: 2016-07-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_25351773, 10.1177/0022219414556771, PMC4558398, 25351773, 25351773, 0022219414556771
Format: Citation

Title: Remote Health Monitoring for Older Adults and Those with Heart Failure: Adherence and System Usability..
Creator: Evans, Jarrett, Papadopoulos, Amy, Silvers, Christine Tsien, Charness, Neil, Boot, Walter R, Schlachta-Fairchild, Loretta, Crump, Cindy, Martinez, Michele, Ent, Carrie Beth
Abstract/Description: Remote health monitoring technology has been suggested as part of an early intervention and prevention care model. Older adults with a chronic health condition have been shown to benefit from remote monitoring but often have challenges with complex technology. The current study reports on the usability of and adherence with an integrated, real-time monitoring system over an extended period of time by older adults with and without a chronic health condition. Older adults 55 years of age and...
Show moreRemote health monitoring technology has been suggested as part of an early intervention and prevention care model. Older adults with a chronic health condition have been shown to benefit from remote monitoring but often have challenges with complex technology. The current study reports on the usability of and adherence with an integrated, real-time monitoring system over an extended period of time by older adults with and without a chronic health condition. Older adults 55 years of age and over with and without heart failure participated in a study in which a telehealth system was used for 6 months each. The system consisted of a wireless wristwatch-based monitoring device that continuously collected temperature and motion data. Other health information was collected daily using a weight scale, blood pressure cuff, and tablet that participants used for health surveys. Data were automatically analyzed and summarized by the system and presented to study nurses. Forty-one older adults participated. Seventy-one percent of surveys, 75% of blood pressure readings, and 81% of daily weight measurements were taken. Participants wore the watch monitor 77% of the overall 24/7 time requested. The weight scale had the highest usability rating in both groups. The groups did not otherwise differ on device usage. The findings indicate that a health monitoring system designed for older adults can and will be used for an extended period of time and may help older adults with chronic conditions reside longer in their own homes in partnership with the healthcare system.
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Date Issued: 2016-06-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26540369, 10.1089/tmj.2015.0140, PMC4892222, 26540369, 26540369
Format: Citation

Title: Is childhood trauma associated with lifetime suicide attempts in women with bulimia nervosa?.
Creator: Smith, Christina E, Pisetsky, Emily M, Wonderlich, Stephen A, Crosby, Ross D, Mitchell, James E, Joiner, Thomas E, Bardone-Cone, Anna, Le Grange, Daniel, Klein, Marjorie H, Crow...
Show moreSmith, Christina E, Pisetsky, Emily M, Wonderlich, Stephen A, Crosby, Ross D, Mitchell, James E, Joiner, Thomas E, Bardone-Cone, Anna, Le Grange, Daniel, Klein, Marjorie H, Crow, Scott J, Peterson, Carol B
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Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to explore the association between specific forms of childhood abuse and neglect with lifetime suicide attempts in women with bulimia nervosa (BN). Two hundred and four women aged 18-65 (mean 25.6 years, SD 9.13) with full or subclinical BN were recruited in five US Midwestern communities and specialized eating disorder clinics. Participants completed questionnaires including the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and self-reported whether they had ever had a...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to explore the association between specific forms of childhood abuse and neglect with lifetime suicide attempts in women with bulimia nervosa (BN). Two hundred and four women aged 18-65 (mean 25.6 years, SD 9.13) with full or subclinical BN were recruited in five US Midwestern communities and specialized eating disorder clinics. Participants completed questionnaires including the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and self-reported whether they had ever had a lifetime suicide attempt. Logistic regression analyses were used to predict lifetime suicide attempts from each subscale of the CTQ. Childhood emotional, physical, and sexual abuse were significantly associated with the presence of a lifetime suicide attempt in women with BN. Childhood emotional and physical neglect were not associated with suicide attempts. Individuals with BN who have experienced childhood emotional and sexual abuse are at increased risk of a lifetime suicide attempt. Future research is needed to understand the mechanism to address in treatment and prevention efforts. It is important for clinicians to be aware of the potential increased risk of suicide in individuals with BN with a history of childhood abuse.
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Date Issued: 2016-06-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26462683, 10.1007/s40519-015-0226-8, PMC4833682, 26462683, 26462683, 10.1007/s40519-015-0226-8
Format: Citation

Title: Sustained smoking abstinence is associated with reductions in smoking-specific experiential avoidance among treatment-seeking smokers.
Creator: Farris, Samantha G, DiBello, Angelo M, Heggeness, Luke F, Reitzel, Lorraine R, Vidrine, Damon J, Schmidt, Norman B, Zvolensky, Michael J
Abstract/Description: Smoking-specific experiential avoidance is related to the maintenance of cigarette smoking. However, it is unclear whether sustained smoking abstinence is associated with subsequent reductions in smoking-specific experiential avoidance. Daily smokers (n = 149) underwent a cessation attempt in the context of a 4-session smoking cessation treatment trial. Participants provided biochemical verification of smoking status at 1 week, 2 weeks, and 1 Month post-quit day. Smoking-specific experiential...
Show moreSmoking-specific experiential avoidance is related to the maintenance of cigarette smoking. However, it is unclear whether sustained smoking abstinence is associated with subsequent reductions in smoking-specific experiential avoidance. Daily smokers (n = 149) underwent a cessation attempt in the context of a 4-session smoking cessation treatment trial. Participants provided biochemical verification of smoking status at 1 week, 2 weeks, and 1 Month post-quit day. Smoking-specific experiential avoidance was assessed per the Avoidance and Inflexibility Scale (AIS) - the total score and two factor scores were examined at 1 Month post-quit day as a function of abstinence status. Two path models were conducted and included participant sex, treatment condition, and pre-cessation nicotine dependence, smoking-specific experiential avoidance, and presence of emotional disorders as covariates. After adjusting for covariates, sustained smoking abstinence was associated with a reduction in the AIS total score at Month 1 post-quit (β = -.45, p < .001). Sustained smoking abstinence was associated with reductions across both facets of experiential avoidance -- smoking-related thoughts and feelings (β = -.44, p < .001) and internal bodily sensations (β = -.41, p < .001). Biochemical verification of smoking status was confirmed only at three time points post-quit day, and continued abstinence throughout the one-month post-quitting period is not fully known. Sustained smoking abstinence may contribute to reductions in smoking-specific experiential avoidance. Findings add to the research documenting the relevance of experiential avoidance in various processes of smoking (including smoking abstinence).
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Date Issued: 2016-06-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26773342, 10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.12.003, PMC4755816, 26773342, 26773342, S0005-7916(15)30047-1
Format: Citation

Title: Genome-Wide Association and Exome Sequencing Study of Language Disorder in an Isolated Population.
Creator: Kornilov, Sergey A, Rakhlin, Natalia, Koposov, Roman, Lee, Maria, Yrigollen, Carolyn, Caglayan, Ahmet Okay, Magnuson, James S, Mane, Shrikant, Chang, Joseph T, Grigorenko, Elena L
Abstract/Description: Developmental language disorder (DLD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder associated with negative outcomes in different domains; the etiology of DLD is unknown. To investigate the genetic underpinnings of DLD, we performed genome-wide association and whole exome sequencing studies in a geographically isolated population with a substantially elevated prevalence of the disorder (ie, the AZ sample). DNA samples were collected from 359 individuals for the genome-wide association...
Show moreDevelopmental language disorder (DLD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder associated with negative outcomes in different domains; the etiology of DLD is unknown. To investigate the genetic underpinnings of DLD, we performed genome-wide association and whole exome sequencing studies in a geographically isolated population with a substantially elevated prevalence of the disorder (ie, the AZ sample). DNA samples were collected from 359 individuals for the genome-wide association study and from 12 severely affected individuals for whole exome sequencing. Multifaceted phenotypes, representing major domains of expressive language functioning, were derived from collected speech samples. Gene-based analyses revealed a significant association between SETBP1 and complexity of linguistic output (P = 5.47 × 10(-7)). The analysis of exome variants revealed coding sequence variants in 14 genes, most of which play a role in neural development. Targeted enrichment analysis implicated myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2)-regulated genes in DLD in the AZ population. The main findings were successfully replicated in an independent cohort of children at risk for related disorders (n = 372). MEF2-regulated pathways were identified as potential candidate pathways in the etiology of DLD. Several genes (including the candidate SETBP1 and other MEF2-related genes) seem to jointly influence certain, but not all, facets of the DLD phenotype. Even when genetic and environmental diversity is reduced, DLD is best conceptualized as etiologically complex. Future research should establish whether the signals detected in the AZ population can be replicated in other samples and languages and provide further characterization of the identified pathway.
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Date Issued: 2016-04-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27016271, 10.1542/peds.2015-2469, PMC4811310, 27016271, 27016271, peds.2015-2469
Format: Citation

Title: Allostatic Load and Personality: A 4-Year Longitudinal Study..
Creator: Stephan, Yannick, Sutin, Angelina R, Luchetti, Martina, Terracciano, Antonio
Abstract/Description: Dysregulation across multiple physiological systems, referred to as allostatic load, has pervasive consequences for an individual's health. The present study examined whether allostatic load is associated with personality and personality changes during a 4-year follow-up. A total of 5200 participants aged from 50 to 99 years (59.5% women, mean [standard deviation] age = 66.91 [8.88] years) from the Health and Retirement Study provided data on cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune markers at...
Show moreDysregulation across multiple physiological systems, referred to as allostatic load, has pervasive consequences for an individual's health. The present study examined whether allostatic load is associated with personality and personality changes during a 4-year follow-up. A total of 5200 participants aged from 50 to 99 years (59.5% women, mean [standard deviation] age = 66.91 [8.88] years) from the Health and Retirement Study provided data on cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune markers at baseline and personality both at baseline and at 4 years later. Higher allostatic load was related to higher neuroticism (β = 0.03, p = .042), lower extraversion (β = -0.06, p < .001), and lower conscientiousness (β = -0.06, p < .001) at baseline, and to declines in extraversion (β = -0.03, p = .007), conscientiousness (β = -0.04, p < .001), and agreeableness (β = -0.02, p = .020) over the 4-year period, controlling for demographic covariates. A significant quadratic relation between allostatic load and changes in openness (β = -0.03, p = .002) suggested that openness declines when individuals exceed a high level of cumulative physiological dysregulation. No association was found with changes in neuroticism. Allostatic load is associated with personality change across adulthood and old age. The findings indicate that physiological dysregulation across multiple systems challenges personality stability and is associated with accelerated personality traits change.
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Date Issued: 2016-04-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26716813, 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000281, PMC5481782, 26716813, 26716813
Format: Citation

Title: Mediation analysis of relationships between chronic inflammation and quality of life in older adults.
Creator: Nowakowski, Alexandra C H, Graves, Katelyn Y, Sumerau, J E
Abstract/Description: This article summarizes exploratory analyses of relationships between chronic inflammation, its physical consequences, and quality of life (QoL). It summarizes key findings from preliminary analyses, and contextualizes these results with extant sociomedical literature to recommend directions for future research. Cross-sectional data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) were used to explore these relationships. Inflammation was assessed via the biomarker C-reactive...
Show moreThis article summarizes exploratory analyses of relationships between chronic inflammation, its physical consequences, and quality of life (QoL). It summarizes key findings from preliminary analyses, and contextualizes these results with extant sociomedical literature to recommend directions for future research. Cross-sectional data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) were used to explore these relationships. Inflammation was assessed via the biomarker C-reactive protein (CRP). We examined associations between CRP levels and two different domains of QoL: happiness with life in general and happiness with intimate relationships. We used ordinal logistic regression with companion OLS models and Sobel-Goodman tests to assess potential mediation, and also conducted a variety of sensitivity analyses. Findings suggest that mediation pathways for the overall association between chronic inflammation and QoL may differ markedly across particular outcome constructs. Specifically, it shows mediation potential for the clinical sequelae of chronic inflammation in frameworks using happiness as an outcome measure, but not in those using relationship satisfaction. Disability appears to mediate the effect of inflammation by 27 %; chronic pain appears to exert a similar mediation effect of 21 %. Pain and disability linked to chronic inflammation appear to play a small but significant mediating role in the overall reduction in QoL observed among older adults with biomarker evidence of chronic inflammation. We note that these patterns are best framed as dynamic elements of a complex causal fabric, rather than powerful determinants that override other factors contributing to QoL. Hypotheses for further exploration using longitudinal data from the NSHAP are thus offered, pending availability of Wave III data in future years.
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Date Issued: 2016-03-22
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27001461, 10.1186/s12955-016-0452-4, PMC4802844, 27001461, 27001461, 10.1186/s12955-016-0452-4
Format: Citation

Title: Unexpected Stealing From the Heart.
Creator: Jones-Ince, Ingrid, Todd, Gregory
Abstract/Description: Coronary subclavian steal syndrome (CSSS) is defined as retrograde flow in the internal mammary artery graft, after coronary artery bypass surgery, resulting in anterior wall myocardial ischemia. If undiagnosed, it may lead to significant infarction. Its incidence has been under-reported. A 74-year-old woman presented with sudden onset of typical angina, which was associated with dyspnea, nausea, and vomiting. Her medical history was significant for coronary artery disease, with prior...
Show moreCoronary subclavian steal syndrome (CSSS) is defined as retrograde flow in the internal mammary artery graft, after coronary artery bypass surgery, resulting in anterior wall myocardial ischemia. If undiagnosed, it may lead to significant infarction. Its incidence has been under-reported. A 74-year-old woman presented with sudden onset of typical angina, which was associated with dyspnea, nausea, and vomiting. Her medical history was significant for coronary artery disease, with prior coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), hypertension, diabetes type 2, dyslipidemia, hypothyroidism, and depression. Physical examination demonstrated a weak left radial pulse, and a differential blood pressure reading in her arms. She developed massive hematochezia that resulted in electrocardiogram changes: ST segment depression in the inferior and lateral leads with isolated ST segment elevation of aVR. Cardiac catheterization demonstrated retrograde flow through the left internal mammary artery (LIMA), resulting in CSSS. This case highlights the diagnostic challenge of CSSS as the underlying etiology for ischemia in a patient with remote coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). It underscores the importance of thorough physical examination in patients who are at high risk for coronary atherosclerosis and remote complications after CABG. It also highlights optimal strategies for management of CSSS with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.
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Date Issued: 2016-03-21
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26996774, PMC4805133, 26996774, 26996774, 895498
Format: Citation

Title: Genetic and cellular studies highlight that A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 19 is a protective biomarker in human prostate cancer.
Creator: Hoyne, Gerard, Rudnicka, Caroline, Sang, Qing-Xiang, Roycik, Mark, Howarth, Sarah, Leedman, Peter, Schlaich, Markus, Candy, Patrick, Matthews, Vance
Abstract/Description: Prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. Current treatments include surgery, androgen ablation and radiation. Introduction of more targeted therapies in prostate cancer, based on a detailed knowledge of the signalling pathways, aims to reduce side effects, leading to better clinical outcomes for the patient. ADAM19 (A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase 19) is a transmembrane and soluble protein which can regulate cell phenotype through cell adhesion and...
Show moreProstate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. Current treatments include surgery, androgen ablation and radiation. Introduction of more targeted therapies in prostate cancer, based on a detailed knowledge of the signalling pathways, aims to reduce side effects, leading to better clinical outcomes for the patient. ADAM19 (A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase 19) is a transmembrane and soluble protein which can regulate cell phenotype through cell adhesion and proteolysis. ADAM19 has been positively associated with numerous diseases, but has not been shown to be a tumor suppressor in the pathogenesis of any human cancers. Our group sought to investigate the role of ADAM19 in human prostate cancer. ADAM19 mRNA and protein levels were assessed in well characterised human prostate cancer cohorts. ADAM19 expression was assessed in normal prostate epithelial cells (RWPE-1) and prostate cancer cells (LNCaP, PC3) using western blotting and immunocytochemistry. Proliferation assays were conducted in LNCaP cells in which ADAM19 was over-expressed. In vitro scratch assays were performed in PC3 cells over-expressing ADAM19. Immunohistochemical studies highlighted that ADAM19 protein levels were elevated in normal prostate tissue compared to prostate cancer biopsies. Results from the clinical cohorts demonstrated that high levels of ADAM19 in microarrays are positively associated with lower stage (p = 0.02591) and reduced relapse (p = 0.00277) of human prostate cancer. In vitro, ADAM19 expression was higher in RWPE-1 cells compared to LNCaP cells. In addition, human ADAM19 over-expression reduced LNCaP cell proliferation and PC3 cell migration. Taken together, our immunohistochemical and microarray results and cellular studies have shown for the first time that ADAM19 is a protective factor for human prostate cancer. Further, this study suggests that upregulation of ADAM19 expression could be of therapeutic potential in human prostate cancer.
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Date Issued: 2016-02-24
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26912236, 10.1186/s12885-016-2178-4, PMC4766641, 26912236, 26912236, 10.1186/s12885-016-2178-4
Format: Citation

Title: The Association between Sleep Disturbances and Depression among Firefighters: Emotion Dysregulation as an Explanatory Factor..
Creator: Hom, Melanie A, Stanley, Ian H, Rogers, Megan L, Tzoneva, Mirela, Bernert, Rebecca A, Joiner, Thomas E
Abstract/Description: To investigate emotion regulation difficulties in association with self-reported insomnia symptoms, nightmares, and depression symptoms in a sample of current and retired firefighters. A total of 880 current and retired United States firefighters completed a web-based survey of firefighter behavioral health. Self-report measures included the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Insomnia Severity Index, PTSD Checklist, and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. A notable...
Show moreTo investigate emotion regulation difficulties in association with self-reported insomnia symptoms, nightmares, and depression symptoms in a sample of current and retired firefighters. A total of 880 current and retired United States firefighters completed a web-based survey of firefighter behavioral health. Self-report measures included the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Insomnia Severity Index, PTSD Checklist, and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. A notable portion of participants reported clinically significant depression symptoms (39.6%) and insomnia symptoms (52.7%), as well as nightmare problems (19.2%), each of which demonstrated a strong association with emotion regulation difficulties (rs = 0.56-0.80). Bootstrapped mediation analyses revealed that the indirect effects of overall emotion regulation difficulties were significant both for the relationship between insomnia and depression (95% CI: 0.385-0.566) and nightmares and depression (95% CI: 1.445-2.365). Limited access to emotion regulation strategies emerged as the strongest, significant indirect effect for both relationships (insomnia 95% CI: 0.136-0.335; nightmares 95% CI: 0.887-1.931). Findings extend previous affective neuroscience research by providing evidence that insomnia and nightmares may influence depression symptoms specifically through the pathway of explicit emotion regulation difficulties. Sleep disturbances may impair the ability to access and leverage emotion regulation strategies effectively, thus conferring risk for negative affect and depression.
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Date Issued: 2016-02-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26350604, 10.5664/jcsm.5492, PMC4751428, 26350604, 26350604, jc-00300-15
Format: Citation

Title: Anxiety sensitivity risk reduction in smokers: A randomized control trial examining effects on panic..
Creator: Schmidt, Norman B, Raines, Amanda M, Allan, Nicholas P, Zvolensky, Michael J
Abstract/Description: Empirical evidence has identified several risk factors for panic psychopathology, including smoking and anxiety sensitivity (AS; the fear of anxiety-related sensations). Smokers with elevated AS are therefore a particularly vulnerable population for panic. Yet, there is little knowledge about how to reduce risk of panic among high AS smokers. The present study prospectively evaluated panic outcomes within the context of a controlled randomized risk reduction program for smokers. Participants ...
Show moreEmpirical evidence has identified several risk factors for panic psychopathology, including smoking and anxiety sensitivity (AS; the fear of anxiety-related sensations). Smokers with elevated AS are therefore a particularly vulnerable population for panic. Yet, there is little knowledge about how to reduce risk of panic among high AS smokers. The present study prospectively evaluated panic outcomes within the context of a controlled randomized risk reduction program for smokers. Participants (N = 526) included current smokers who all received a state-of-the-art smoking cessation intervention with approximately half randomized to the AS reduction intervention termed Panic-smoking Program (PSP). The primary hypotheses focus on examining the effects of a PSP on panic symptoms in the context of this vulnerable population. Consistent with prediction, there was a significant effect of treatment condition on AS, such that individuals in the PSP condition, compared to those in the control condition, demonstrated greater decreases in AS throughout treatment and the follow-up period. In addition, PSP treatment resulted in lower rates of panic-related symptomatology. Moreover, mediation analyses indicated that reductions in AS resulted in lower panic symptoms. The present study provides the first empirical evidence that brief, targeted psychoeducational interventions can mitigate panic risk among smokers.
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Date Issued: 2016-02-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26752327, 10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.011, PMC4752863, 26752327, 26752327, S0005-7967(15)30075-9
Format: Citation

Title: Perceived discrimination and personality development in adulthood.
Creator: Sutin, Angelina R, Stephan, Yannick, Terracciano, Antonio
Abstract/Description: Perceived discrimination is common and a significant source of stress that may have implications for personality development across adulthood. In this study, we examined whether experiences with discrimination were associated with maladaptive changes in the 5 major dimensions of personality using 2 longitudinal samples that differed in age and follow-up interval. In the Health and Retirement Study, participants who perceived discrimination increased in their tendency to experience negative...
Show morePerceived discrimination is common and a significant source of stress that may have implications for personality development across adulthood. In this study, we examined whether experiences with discrimination were associated with maladaptive changes in the 5 major dimensions of personality using 2 longitudinal samples that differed in age and follow-up interval. In the Health and Retirement Study, participants who perceived discrimination increased in their tendency to experience negative emotions (neuroticism), decreased in their tendency to be trusting (agreeableness), and decreased in their tendency to be organized and disciplined (conscientiousness). These associations replicated using participants from the Midlife in the United States study. The findings indicate that social pathways, in addition to biological and developmental tasks, are important for adult personality development. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Date Issued: 2016-01-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26501729, 10.1037/dev0000069, PMC4941235, 26501729, 26501729, 2015-48441-001
Format: Citation

Title: Personality traits and body mass index: Modifiers and mechanisms..
Creator: Sutin, Angelina R, Terracciano, Antonio
Abstract/Description: To identify how demographic factors (sex, age, ethnicity) modify the association between personality traits and body mass index (BMI) and to test the extent that diet and physical activity account for the personality-BMI relations. Cross-sectional study with a diverse sample (N = 5150, 50% female, 19% African American, 15% Hispanic). Participants completed a measure of the five major dimensions of personality and reported on their physical activity, diet and food intake behaviour, and height...
Show moreTo identify how demographic factors (sex, age, ethnicity) modify the association between personality traits and body mass index (BMI) and to test the extent that diet and physical activity account for the personality-BMI relations. Cross-sectional study with a diverse sample (N = 5150, 50% female, 19% African American, 15% Hispanic). Participants completed a measure of the five major dimensions of personality and reported on their physical activity, diet and food intake behaviour, and height and weight. BMI and obesity (BMI ≥ 30). High Neuroticism was associated with higher BMI and risk for obesity, whereas Conscientiousness and, to a lesser extent, Extraversion and Openness were protective. These associations were generally stronger among women and older participants; there was less evidence for ethnicity as a moderator. Personality had similar relations with the behavioural factors, and physical activity, diet and regular meal rhythms accounted for approximately 50% of the association between Neuroticism and Conscientiousness and BMI. This study supports the links between personality traits and BMI and suggests that physical activity, more than diet, is a key factor in these associations.
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Date Issued: 2016-01-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26274568, 10.1080/08870446.2015.1082561, PMC4827155, 26274568, 26274568
Format: Citation

Title: Kallikrein cascades in traumatic spinal cord injury: in vitro evidence for roles in axonopathy and neuron degeneration..
Creator: Radulovic, Maja, Yoon, Hyesook, Larson, Nadya, Wu, Jianmin, Linbo, Rachel, Burda, Joshua E, Diamandis, Eleftherios P, Blaber, Sachiko I, Blaber, Michael, Fehlings, Michael G,...
Show moreRadulovic, Maja, Yoon, Hyesook, Larson, Nadya, Wu, Jianmin, Linbo, Rachel, Burda, Joshua E, Diamandis, Eleftherios P, Blaber, Sachiko I, Blaber, Michael, Fehlings, Michael G, Scarisbrick, Isobel A
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Abstract/Description: Kallikreins (KLKs) are a family of 15 secreted serine proteases with emerging roles in neurologic diseases. To illuminate their contributions to the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI), we evaluated acute through chronic changes in the immunohistochemical appearance of 6 KLKs (KLK1, KLK5, KLK6, KLK7, KLK8, and KLK9) in postmortem human traumatic SCI cases, quantified their RNA expression levels in experimental murine SCI, and assessed the impact of recombinant forms of each enzyme...
Show moreKallikreins (KLKs) are a family of 15 secreted serine proteases with emerging roles in neurologic diseases. To illuminate their contributions to the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI), we evaluated acute through chronic changes in the immunohistochemical appearance of 6 KLKs (KLK1, KLK5, KLK6, KLK7, KLK8, and KLK9) in postmortem human traumatic SCI cases, quantified their RNA expression levels in experimental murine SCI, and assessed the impact of recombinant forms of each enzyme toward murine cortical neurons in vitro. Temporally and spatially distinct changes in KLK expression were observed with partially overlapping patterns between human and murine SCI, including peak elevations (or reductions) during the acute and subacute periods. Kallikrein 9 showed the most marked changes and remained chronically elevated. Importantly, a subset of KLKs (KLK1, KLK5, KLK6, KLK7, and KLK9) were neurotoxic toward primary neurons in vitro. Kallikrein immunoreactivity was also observed in association with swollen axons and retraction bulbs in the human SCI cases examined. Together, these findings demonstrate that elevated levels of a significant subset of KLKs are positioned to contribute to neurodegenerative changes in cases of CNS trauma and disease and, therefore, represent new potential targets for the development of neuroprotective strategies.
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Date Issued: 2013-11-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_24128681, 10.1097/NEN.0000000000000007, PMC4097185, 24128681, 24128681
Format: Citation

Title: Age-related changes of gene expression in the neocortex: preliminary data on RNA-Seq of the transcriptome in three functionally distinct cortical areas..
Creator: Naumova, Oksana Yu, Palejev, Dean, Vlasova, Natalia V, Lee, Maria, Rychkov, Sergei Yu, Babich, Olga N, M Vaccarino, Flora, Grigorenko, Elena L
Abstract/Description: The study of gene expression (i.e., the study of the transcriptome) in different cells and tissues allows us to understand the molecular mechanisms of their differentiation, development and functioning. In this article, we describe some studies of gene-expression profiling for the purposes of understanding developmental (age-related) changes in the brain using different technologies (e.g., DNA-Microarray) and the new and increasingly popular RNA-Seq. We focus on advancements in studies of...
Show moreThe study of gene expression (i.e., the study of the transcriptome) in different cells and tissues allows us to understand the molecular mechanisms of their differentiation, development and functioning. In this article, we describe some studies of gene-expression profiling for the purposes of understanding developmental (age-related) changes in the brain using different technologies (e.g., DNA-Microarray) and the new and increasingly popular RNA-Seq. We focus on advancements in studies of gene expression in the human brain, which have provided data on the structure and age-related variability of the transcriptome in the brain. We present data on RNA-Seq of the transcriptome in three distinct areas of the neocortex from different ages: mature and elderly individuals. We report that most age-related transcriptional changes affect cellular signaling systems, and, as a result, the transmission of nerve impulses. In general, the results demonstrate the high potential of RNA-Seq for the study of distinctive features of gene expression among cortical areas and the changes in expression through normal and atypical development of the central nervous system.
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Date Issued: 2012-11-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_23062308, 10.1017/S0954579412000818, PMC3539811, 23062308, 23062308, S0954579412000818
Format: Citation

Title: Lexical decision as an endophenotype for reading comprehension: an exploration of an association..
Creator: Naples, Adam, Katz, Len, Grigorenko, Elena L
Abstract/Description: Based on numerous suggestions in the literature, we evaluated lexical decision (LD) as a putative endophenotype for reading comprehension by investigating heritability estimates and segregation analyses parameter estimates for both of these phenotypes. Specifically, in a segregation analysis of a large sample of families, we established that there is little to no overlap between genes contributing to LD and reading comprehension and that the genetic mechanism behind LD derived from this...
Show moreBased on numerous suggestions in the literature, we evaluated lexical decision (LD) as a putative endophenotype for reading comprehension by investigating heritability estimates and segregation analyses parameter estimates for both of these phenotypes. Specifically, in a segregation analysis of a large sample of families, we established that there is little to no overlap between genes contributing to LD and reading comprehension and that the genetic mechanism behind LD derived from this analysis appears to be more complex than that for reading comprehension. We conclude that in our sample, LD is not a good candidate as an endophenotype for reading comprehension, despite previous suggestions from the literature. Based on this conclusion, we discuss the role and benefit of the endophenotype approach in studies of complex human cognitive functions.
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Date Issued: 2012-11-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_23062302, 10.1017/S0954579412000752, PMC3541527, 23062302, 23062302, S0954579412000752
Format: Citation

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