Search results

Title: How and why weight stigma drives the obesity 'epidemic' and harms health.
Creator: Tomiyama, A Janet, Carr, Deborah, Granberg, Ellen M, Major, Brenda, Robinson, Eric, Sutin, Angelina R, Brewis, Alexandra
Abstract/Description: In an era when obesity prevalence is high throughout much of the world, there is a correspondingly pervasive and strong culture of weight stigma. For example, representative studies show that some forms of weight discrimination are more prevalent even than discrimination based on race or ethnicity. In this Opinion article, we review compelling evidence that weight stigma is harmful to health, over and above objective body mass index. Weight stigma is prospectively related to heightened...
Show moreIn an era when obesity prevalence is high throughout much of the world, there is a correspondingly pervasive and strong culture of weight stigma. For example, representative studies show that some forms of weight discrimination are more prevalent even than discrimination based on race or ethnicity. In this Opinion article, we review compelling evidence that weight stigma is harmful to health, over and above objective body mass index. Weight stigma is prospectively related to heightened mortality and other chronic diseases and conditions. Most ironically, it actually begets heightened risk of obesity through multiple obesogenic pathways. Weight stigma is particularly prevalent and detrimental in healthcare settings, with documented high levels of 'anti-fat' bias in healthcare providers, patients with obesity receiving poorer care and having worse outcomes, and medical students with obesity reporting high levels of alcohol and substance use to cope with internalized weight stigma. In terms of solutions, the most effective and ethical approaches should be aimed at changing the behaviors and attitudes of those who stigmatize, rather than towards the targets of weight stigma. Medical training must address weight bias, training healthcare professionals about how it is perpetuated and on its potentially harmful effects on their patients. Weight stigma is likely to drive weight gain and poor health and thus should be eradicated. This effort can begin by training compassionate and knowledgeable healthcare providers who will deliver better care and ultimately lessen the negative effects of weight stigma.
Show less
Date Issued: 2018-08-15
Identifier: FSU_pmch_30107800, 10.1186/s12916-018-1116-5, PMC6092785, 30107800, 30107800, 10.1186/s12916-018-1116-5
Format: Citation

Title: Characteristics and outcomes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients with leptomeningeal metastases.
Creator: Meng, Xiangrui, Yu, Jingwei, Fan, Qian, Li, Lanfang, Li, Wei, Song, Zheng, Liu, Xianming, Jiang, Yanyang, Gao, Ming, Zhang, Huilai
Abstract/Description: Leptomeningeal metastasis is an uncommon but devastating complication. The incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has been increasing in recent decades, due to the poor central nervous system penetration of drugs and the prolonged overall survival of patients, leptomeningeal metastases has gradually increased over time. Patients with leptomeningeal metastases have short survival durations and poor quality of life; there are few studies about non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with leptomeningeal metastases....
Show moreLeptomeningeal metastasis is an uncommon but devastating complication. The incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has been increasing in recent decades, due to the poor central nervous system penetration of drugs and the prolonged overall survival of patients, leptomeningeal metastases has gradually increased over time. Patients with leptomeningeal metastases have short survival durations and poor quality of life; there are few studies about non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with leptomeningeal metastases. We investigated characteristics and outcomes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients with leptomeningeal metastases. This study included 27 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients with leptomeningeal metastases diagnosed at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital between 2013 and 2016. Statistical analysis was performed to investigate the overall survival of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with leptomeningeal metastases. Diffuse large B cell lymphoma was the most common cancer subtype (21/27, 78%), and more than half of the patients showed extranodal involvement (18/27, 67%). Survival analysis has shown extranodal involvement (P = 0.0205), International Prognostic Index (P = 0.0112), performance status (P < 0.0001), parenchymal involvement (P = 0.0330) and received radiotherapy (P = 0.0056) were predictive factors of prognosis for these patients with leptomeningeal metastases. Cox regression analysis has shown patients with concurrent parenchymal involvement and received radiotherapy are correlated with good prognosis. Given the small number of patients who were included, this study exhibited limitations with respect to analytical power and the random selection of patients. Nevertheless, this investigation revealed characteristics of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients with leptomeningeal metastases and suggested that such patients could benefit from multimodal therapy.
Show less
Date Issued: 2018-08-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29558001, 10.1007/s10147-018-1268-5, PMC6097078, 29558001, 29558001, 10.1007/s10147-018-1268-5
Format: Citation

Title: MicroRNA‑22 inhibits the proliferation and migration, and increases the cisplatin sensitivity, of osteosarcoma cells.
Creator: Zhou, Xiang, Natino, Dimple, Zhai, Xu, Gao, Zhongyang, He, Xijing
Abstract/Description: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the major type of primary bone tumor and is associated with a poor prognosis due to chemotherapy resistance. Accumulating evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) may influence the tumor progression of OS and cell sensitivity to chemotherapy. In the present study, a total of 7 patients with OS and 7 healthy volunteers were recruited. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and ELISA were performed to determine the expression of miRNAs and mRNAs...
Show moreOsteosarcoma (OS) is the major type of primary bone tumor and is associated with a poor prognosis due to chemotherapy resistance. Accumulating evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) may influence the tumor progression of OS and cell sensitivity to chemotherapy. In the present study, a total of 7 patients with OS and 7 healthy volunteers were recruited. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and ELISA were performed to determine the expression of miRNAs and mRNAs in the serum of participants. Furthermore, the biological function of miR‑22 and S100A11 was examined in MG‑63 cells using Cell Counting Kit‑8 assays, Transwell migration assays and western blot analysis to determine the effects on cell proliferation, migration and protein expression, respectively, while MG‑63 cell sensitivity to cisplatin was assessed by measuring cell viability following cisplatin treatment and calculating the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). Additionally, the association between miR‑22 and S100 calcium‑binding protein A11 (S100A11) was validated using a luciferase reporter assay. The results demonstrated that miR‑22 expression was significantly reduced in patients with OS and the MG‑63 OS cell line, compared with healthy volunteers and the normal osteoblast hFOB 1.19 cell line, respectively, while the expression of S100A11 was negatively associated with miR‑22 levels in the MG‑63 cell line. Furthermore, overexpression of miR‑22 inhibited the proliferation and migratory ability of MG‑63 cells, and increased the sensitivity of MG‑63 cells to cisplatin treatment; however, overexpression of S100A11 partially attenuated the alterations in proliferation, migratory ability and chemosensitivity that were induced by miR‑22 overexpression. In addition, it was confirmed that S100A11 is a direct target gene of miR‑22 in MG‑63 cells. In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate that miR‑22 may be a promising therapeutic target and may have potential as part of a combination treatment alongside chemotherapeutic agents for OS.
Show less
Date Issued: 2018-05-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29568877, 10.3892/mmr.2018.8790, PMC5928679, 29568877, 29568877
Format: Citation

Title: Neural preservation underlies speech improvement from auditory deprivation in young cochlear implant recipients.
Creator: Feng, Gangyi, Ingvalson, Erin M, Grieco-Calub, Tina M, Roberts, Megan Y, Ryan, Maura E, Birmingham, Patrick, Burrowes, Delilah, Young, Nancy M, Wong, Patrick C M
Abstract/Description: Although cochlear implantation enables some children to attain age-appropriate speech and language development, communicative delays persist in others, and outcomes are quite variable and difficult to predict, even for children implanted early in life. To understand the neurobiological basis of this variability, we used presurgical neural morphological data obtained from MRI of individual pediatric cochlear implant (CI) candidates implanted younger than 3.5 years to predict variability of...
Show moreAlthough cochlear implantation enables some children to attain age-appropriate speech and language development, communicative delays persist in others, and outcomes are quite variable and difficult to predict, even for children implanted early in life. To understand the neurobiological basis of this variability, we used presurgical neural morphological data obtained from MRI of individual pediatric cochlear implant (CI) candidates implanted younger than 3.5 years to predict variability of their speech-perception improvement after surgery. We first compared neuroanatomical density and spatial pattern similarity of CI candidates to that of age-matched children with normal hearing, which allowed us to detail neuroanatomical networks that were either affected or unaffected by auditory deprivation. This information enables us to build machine-learning models to predict the individual children's speech development following CI. We found that regions of the brain that were unaffected by auditory deprivation, in particular the auditory association and cognitive brain regions, produced the highest accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity in patient classification and the most precise prediction results. These findings suggest that brain areas unaffected by auditory deprivation are critical to developing closer to typical speech outcomes. Moreover, the findings suggest that determination of the type of neural reorganization caused by auditory deprivation before implantation is valuable for predicting post-CI language outcomes for young children.
Show less
Date Issued: 2018-01-30
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29339512, 10.1073/pnas.1717603115, PMC5798370, 29339512, 29339512, 1717603115
Format: Citation

Title: Utilizing Dietary Micronutrient Ratios in Nutritional Research May be More Informative than Focusing on Single Nutrients.
Creator: Kelly, Owen J, Gilman, Jennifer C, Ilich, Jasminka Z
Abstract/Description: The 2015 US dietary guidelines advise the importance of good dietary patterns for health, which includes all nutrients. Micronutrients are rarely, if ever, consumed separately, they are not tissue specific in their actions and at the molecular level they are multitaskers. Metabolism functions within a seemingly random cellular milieu however ratios are important, for example, the ratio of adenosine triphosphate to adenosine monophosphate, or oxidized to reduced glutathione. Health status is...
Show moreThe 2015 US dietary guidelines advise the importance of good dietary patterns for health, which includes all nutrients. Micronutrients are rarely, if ever, consumed separately, they are not tissue specific in their actions and at the molecular level they are multitaskers. Metabolism functions within a seemingly random cellular milieu however ratios are important, for example, the ratio of adenosine triphosphate to adenosine monophosphate, or oxidized to reduced glutathione. Health status is determined by simple ratios, such as the waist hip ratio, or ratio of fat mass to lean mass. Some nutrient ratios exist and remain controversial such as the omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio and the sodium/potassium ratio. Therefore, examining ratios of micronutrients may convey more information about how diet and health outcomes are related. Summarized micronutrient intake data, from food only, from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, were used to generate initial ratios. Overall, in this preliminary analysis dietary ratios of micronutrients showed some differences between intakes and recommendations. Principles outlined here could be used in nutritional epidemiology and in basic nutritional research, rather than focusing on individual nutrient intakes. This paper presents the concept of micronutrient ratios to encourage change in the way nutrients are regarded.
Show less
Date Issued: 2018-01-19
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29351249, 10.3390/nu10010107, PMC5793335, 29351249, 29351249, nu10010107
Format: Citation

Title: Identifying Children at Risk for Language Impairment or Dyslexia With Group-Administered Measures.
Creator: Adlof, Suzanne M, Scoggins, Joanna, Brazendale, Allison, Babb, Spencer, Petscher, Yaacov
Abstract/Description: The study aims to determine whether brief, group-administered screening measures can reliably identify second-grade children at risk for language impairment (LI) or dyslexia and to examine the degree to which parents of affected children were aware of their children's difficulties. Participants (N = 381) completed screening tasks and assessments of word reading, oral language, and nonverbal intelligence. Their parents completed questionnaires that inquired about reading and language...
Show moreThe study aims to determine whether brief, group-administered screening measures can reliably identify second-grade children at risk for language impairment (LI) or dyslexia and to examine the degree to which parents of affected children were aware of their children's difficulties. Participants (N = 381) completed screening tasks and assessments of word reading, oral language, and nonverbal intelligence. Their parents completed questionnaires that inquired about reading and language development. Despite considerable overlap in the children meeting criteria for LI and dyslexia, many children exhibited problems in only one domain. The combined screening tasks reliably identified children at risk for either LI or dyslexia (area under the curve = 0.842), but they were more accurate at identifying risk for dyslexia than LI. Parents of children with LI and/or dyslexia were frequently unaware of their children's difficulties. Parents of children with LI but good word reading skills were the least likely of all impairment groups to report concerns or prior receipt of speech, language, or reading services. Group-administered screens can identify children at risk of LI and/or dyslexia with good classification accuracy and in less time than individually administered measures. More research is needed to improve the identification of children with LI who display good word reading skills.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-12-20
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29222567, 10.1044/2017_JSLHR-L-16-0473, PMC5962925, 29222567, 29222567, 2666238
Format: Citation

Title: Energy compensation after sprint- and high-intensity interval training.
Creator: Schubert, Matthew M, Palumbo, Elyse, Seay, Rebekah F, Spain, Katie K, Clarke, Holly E
Abstract/Description: Many individuals lose less weight than expected in response to exercise interventions when considering the increased energy expenditure of exercise (ExEE). This is due to energy compensation in response to ExEE, which may include increases in energy intake (EI) and decreases in non-exercise physical activity (NEPA). We examined the degree of energy compensation in healthy young men and women in response to interval training. Data were examined from a prior study in which 24 participants (mean...
Show moreMany individuals lose less weight than expected in response to exercise interventions when considering the increased energy expenditure of exercise (ExEE). This is due to energy compensation in response to ExEE, which may include increases in energy intake (EI) and decreases in non-exercise physical activity (NEPA). We examined the degree of energy compensation in healthy young men and women in response to interval training. Data were examined from a prior study in which 24 participants (mean age, BMI, & VO2max = 28 yrs, 27.7 kg•m-2, and 32 mL∙kg-1∙min-1) completed either 4 weeks of sprint-interval training or high-intensity interval training. Energy compensation was calculated from changes in body composition (air displacement plethysmography) and exercise energy expenditure was calculated from mean heart rate based on the heart rate-VO2 relationship. Differences between high (≥ 100%) and low (< 100%) levels of energy compensation were assessed. Linear regressions were utilized to determine associations between energy compensation and ΔVO2max, ΔEI, ΔNEPA, and Δresting metabolic rate. Very large individual differences in energy compensation were noted. In comparison to individuals with low levels of compensation, individuals with high levels of energy compensation gained fat mass, lost fat-free mass, and had lower change scores for VO2max and NEPA. Linear regression results indicated that lower levels of energy compensation were associated with increases in ΔVO2max (p < 0.001) and ΔNEPA (p < 0.001). Considerable variation exists in response to short-term, low dose interval training. In agreement with prior work, increases in ΔVO2max and ΔNEPA were associated with lower energy compensation. Future studies should focus on identifying if a dose-response relationship for energy compensation exists in response to interval training, and what underlying mechanisms and participant traits contribute to the large variation between individuals.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-12-15
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29244836, 10.1371/journal.pone.0189590, PMC5731706, 29244836, 29244836, PONE-D-17-24646
Format: Citation

Title: Characterization of Stress in Low-Income, Inner-City Mothers of Children with Poorly Controlled Asthma.
Creator: Bellin, Melissa H, Collins, Kathryn S, Osteen, Philip, Kub, Joan, Bollinger, Mary Elizabeth, Newsome, Angelica, Lewis-Land, Cassie, Butz, Arlene M
Abstract/Description: The goal of this longitudinal analysis was to characterize factors associated with the experience of life stress in low-income, inner-city mothers of minority children with high-risk asthma.Participants (n = 276) reported on family demographics, child asthma control and healthcare utilization, social support, contemporary life difficulties (housing, finances, violence exposure) measured by the validated Crisis in Family Systems scale, and daily stress. Latent growth curve modeling examined...
Show moreThe goal of this longitudinal analysis was to characterize factors associated with the experience of life stress in low-income, inner-city mothers of minority children with high-risk asthma.Participants (n = 276) reported on family demographics, child asthma control and healthcare utilization, social support, contemporary life difficulties (housing, finances, violence exposure) measured by the validated Crisis in Family Systems scale, and daily stress. Latent growth curve modeling examined predictors of life stress across 12 months as a function of home and community difficulties, asthma-specific factors, and social support. Mothers were primarily single (73%), unemployed (55%), and living in extreme poverty with most (73%) reporting an annual family income <$20,000 (73%). The children were young (mean age = 5.59, SD = 2.17), African-American (96%), and had poorly controlled asthma (94%) at study enrollment. Higher daily stress was associated with financial difficulties, safety concerns in the home and community, and housing problems. Access to social support was consistently related to reduced stress. The only asthma-specific factor associated with life stress was healthcare utilization, with more emergency services for asthma related to higher daily stress. Findings underscore the clinical significance of assessing diverse home and community stressors and social support in low-income, inner-city caregivers of children with poorly controlled asthma.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-12-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28560612, 10.1007/s11524-017-0162-1, PMC5722723, 28560612, 28560612, 10.1007/s11524-017-0162-1
Format: Citation

Title: Unpredictability increases the error-related negativity in children and adolescents.
Creator: Speed, Brittany C, Jackson, Felicia, Nelson, Brady D, Infantolino, Zachary P, Hajcak, Greg
Abstract/Description: The error-related negativity (ERN) is a response-locked component in the event-related potential observed asa negative deflection 50-100ms following the commission of an error. An unpredictable context has been shown to potentiate amygdala activity, attentional bias toward threat, and the ERN in adults. However, it is unclear whether the impact of unpredictability on the ERN is also observed in children and adolescents. In a sample of 32 9-17year-old participants, we examined the influence of...
Show moreThe error-related negativity (ERN) is a response-locked component in the event-related potential observed asa negative deflection 50-100ms following the commission of an error. An unpredictable context has been shown to potentiate amygdala activity, attentional bias toward threat, and the ERN in adults. However, it is unclear whether the impact of unpredictability on the ERN is also observed in children and adolescents. In a sample of 32 9-17year-old participants, we examined the influence of a task-irrelevant unpredictable context on neural response to errors. Participants completed a flanker task designed to elicit the ERN, while simultaneously being exposed to task-irrelevant tone sequences with either predictable or unpredictable timing. Unpredictable tones were rated as more anxiety provoking compared to the predictable tones. Fewer errors were made during unpredictable relative to predictable tones. Moreover, the ERN-but not the correct response negativity (CRN) or stimulus-locked N200-was potentiated during the unpredictable relative to predictable tones. The current study replicates and extends previous findings by demonstrating that an unpredictable context can increase task performance and selectively potentiate the ERN in children and adolescents. ERN magnitude can be modulated by environmental factors suggesting enhanced error processing in unpredictable contexts.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-12-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28950156, 10.1016/j.bandc.2017.09.006, PMC5650543, 28950156, 28950156, S0278-2626(17)30103-3
Format: Citation

Title: Weight suppression and bulimic syndrome maintenance: Preliminary findings for the mediating role of leptin..
Creator: Keel, Pamela K, Bodell, Lindsay P, Haedt-Matt, Alissa A, Williams, Diana L, Appelbaum, Jonathan
Abstract/Description: Longitudinal studies support a prospective relationship between weight suppression (WS) and bulimic syndrome (BN-S) maintenance. Although biobehavioral mechanisms have been proposed to explain this link, such mechanisms have yet to be identified. Given that weight loss would reduce leptin levels which may influence eating, this study examined whether reduced leptin levels mediate the link between greater WS and longer illness duration. Women (N = 53), ages 18-45 years, were recruited from the...
Show moreLongitudinal studies support a prospective relationship between weight suppression (WS) and bulimic syndrome (BN-S) maintenance. Although biobehavioral mechanisms have been proposed to explain this link, such mechanisms have yet to be identified. Given that weight loss would reduce leptin levels which may influence eating, this study examined whether reduced leptin levels mediate the link between greater WS and longer illness duration. Women (N = 53), ages 18-45 years, were recruited from the community if they met criteria for a BN-S, including either DSM-5 bulimia nervosa (BN; n = 33) or purging disorder (PD: n = 20), and fell within a healthy weight range (18.5-26.5 kg/m ). Participants completed clinical assessments and provided blood samples to measure circulating leptin. Significant associations were found among greater WS, lower leptin concentrations, and longer duration of illness. Mediation analyses using bootstrapping procedures indicated all paths were significant and that leptin mediated the link between WS and illness duration. An alternative model in which longer illness duration contributed to leptin, via greater WS, was not supported. Longitudinal research is needed to support temporal associations and explore behavioral mechanisms linking leptin to illness trajectory.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-12-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29044587, 10.1002/eat.22788, PMC5752142, 29044587, 29044587
Format: Citation

Title: Parental perception of child weight and inflammation: Perceived overweight is associated with higher child c-reactive protein..
Creator: Sutin, Angelina R, Rust, George, Robinson, Eric, Daly, Michael, Terracciano, Antonio
Abstract/Description: Self-perceived overweight and weight discrimination are associated with inflammation in adulthood. We test whether there is an intergenerational association of parent perception of child overweight on higher levels of child c-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation implicated in stress. Data were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2014 (N=4988). Parents reported their perception of their child's weight; CRP was assayed from children's blood samples....
Show moreSelf-perceived overweight and weight discrimination are associated with inflammation in adulthood. We test whether there is an intergenerational association of parent perception of child overweight on higher levels of child c-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation implicated in stress. Data were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2014 (N=4988). Parents reported their perception of their child's weight; CRP was assayed from children's blood samples. Children whose parents perceived them as overweight had higher CRP levels than children who were perceived about the right weight; perceived underweight was also associated with higher CRP (F(2,4977)=9.23, p<.001). These associations were independent of the child's objective weight status and waist circumference and held when the sample was limited to children with objective overweight and obesity. These results suggest an intergenerational transfer of the psychological perception of body weight from parents to the inflammatory health of their child.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-12-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29054818, 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.10.004, PMC5703214, 29054818, 29054818, S0301-0511(17)30288-0
Format: Citation

Title: Comparative effectiveness of dual vs. single-action antidepressants on HIV clinical outcomes in HIV-infected people with depression.
Creator: Mills, Jon C, Harman, Jeffrey S, Cook, Robert L, Marlow, Nicole M, Harle, Christopher A, Duncan, R Paul, Gaynes, Bradley N, Pence, Brian W
Abstract/Description: Depression is highly prevalent among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and has deleterious effects on HIV clinical outcomes. We examined changes in depression symptoms, viral suppression, and CD4 T cells/μl among PLWHA diagnosed with depression who initiated antidepressant treatment during routine care, and compared the effectiveness of dual-action and single-action antidepressants for improving those outcomes. Comparative effectiveness study of new user dual-action or single-action...
Show moreDepression is highly prevalent among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and has deleterious effects on HIV clinical outcomes. We examined changes in depression symptoms, viral suppression, and CD4 T cells/μl among PLWHA diagnosed with depression who initiated antidepressant treatment during routine care, and compared the effectiveness of dual-action and single-action antidepressants for improving those outcomes. Comparative effectiveness study of new user dual-action or single-action antidepressant treatment episodes occurring from 2004 to 2014 obtained from the Center for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems. We identified new user treatment episodes with no antidepressant use in the preceding 90 days. We completed intent-to-treat and per protocol evaluations for the main analysis. Primary outcomes, were viral suppression (HIV viral load <200 copies/ml) and CD4 T cells/μl. In a secondary analysis, we used the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to evaluate changes in depression symptoms and remission (PHQ <5). Generalized estimating equations with inverse probability of treatment weights were fitted to estimate treatment effects. In weighted intent-to-treat analyses, the probability of viral suppression increased 16% after initiating antidepressants [95% confidence interval = (1.12, 1.20)]. We observed an increase of 39 CD4T cells/μl after initiating antidepressants (30, 48). Both the frequency of remission from depression and PHQ-9 scores improved after antidepressant initiation. Comparative effectiveness estimates were null in all models. Initiating antidepressant treatment was associated with improvements in depression, viral suppression, and CD4 T cells/μl, highlighting the health benefits of treating depression in PLWHA. Dual and single-action antidepressants had comparable effectiveness.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-11-28
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28832409, 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001618, PMC5680130, 28832409, 28832409
Format: Citation

Title: Self-management of cardiac pain in women: an evidence map..
Creator: Parry, Monica, Bjørnnes, Ann Kristin, Clarke, Hance, Cooper, Lynn, Gordon, Allan, Harvey, Paula, Lalloo, Chitra, Leegaard, Marit, LeFort, Sandra, McFetridge-Durdle, Judith,...
Show moreParry, Monica, Bjørnnes, Ann Kristin, Clarke, Hance, Cooper, Lynn, Gordon, Allan, Harvey, Paula, Lalloo, Chitra, Leegaard, Marit, LeFort, Sandra, McFetridge-Durdle, Judith, McGillion, Michael, O'Keefe-McCarthy, Sheila, Price, Jennifer, Stinson, Jennifer, Victor, J Charles, Watt-Watson, Judy
Show less
Abstract/Description: To describe the current evidence related to the self-management of cardiac pain in women using the process and methodology of evidence mapping. Literature search for studies that describe the self-management of cardiac pain in women greater than 18 years of age, managed in community, primary care or outpatient settings, published in English or a Scandinavian language between 1 January 1990 and 24 June 2016 using AMED, CINAHL, ERIC, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Proquest, PsychInfo, the Cochrane Library,...
Show moreTo describe the current evidence related to the self-management of cardiac pain in women using the process and methodology of evidence mapping. Literature search for studies that describe the self-management of cardiac pain in women greater than 18 years of age, managed in community, primary care or outpatient settings, published in English or a Scandinavian language between 1 January 1990 and 24 June 2016 using AMED, CINAHL, ERIC, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Proquest, PsychInfo, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, Swemed+, Web of Science, the Clinical Trials Registry, International Register of Controlled Trials, MetaRegister of Controlled Trials, theses and dissertations, published conference abstracts and relevant websites using GreyNet International, ISI proceedings, BIOSIS and Conference papers index. Two independent reviewers screened using predefined eligibility criteria. Included articles were classified according to study design, pain category, publication year, sample size, per cent women and mean age. Self-management interventions for cardiac pain or non-intervention studies that described views and perspectives of women who self-managed cardiac pain. Outcomes included those related to knowledge, self-efficacy, function and health-related quality of life. The literature search identified 5940 unique articles, of which 220 were included in the evidence map. Only 22% (n=49) were intervention studies. Sixty-nine per cent (n=151) of the studies described cardiac pain related to obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), 2% (n=5) non-obstructive CAD and 15% (n=34) postpercutaneous coronary intervention/cardiac surgery. Most were published after 2000, the median sample size was 90 with 25%-100% women and the mean age was 63 years. Our evidence map suggests that while much is known about the differing presentations of obstructive cardiac pain in middle-aged women, little research focused on young and old women, non-obstructive cardiac pain or self-management interventions to assist women to manage cardiac pain. CRD42016042806.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-11-25
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29175891, 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018549, PMC5719283, 29175891, 29175891, bmjopen-2017-018549
Format: Citation

Title: Predicting Intelligibility Gains in Individuals With Dysarthria From Baseline Speech Features.
Creator: Fletcher, Annalise R, McAuliffe, Megan J, Lansford, Kaitlin L, Sinex, Donal G, Liss, Julie M
Abstract/Description: Across the treatment literature, behavioral speech modifications have produced variable intelligibility changes in speakers with dysarthria. This study is the first of two articles exploring whether measurements of baseline speech features can predict speakers' responses to these modifications. Fifty speakers (7 older individuals and 43 speakers with dysarthria) read a standard passage in habitual, loud, and slow speaking modes. Eighteen listeners rated how easy the speech samples were to...
Show moreAcross the treatment literature, behavioral speech modifications have produced variable intelligibility changes in speakers with dysarthria. This study is the first of two articles exploring whether measurements of baseline speech features can predict speakers' responses to these modifications. Fifty speakers (7 older individuals and 43 speakers with dysarthria) read a standard passage in habitual, loud, and slow speaking modes. Eighteen listeners rated how easy the speech samples were to understand. Baseline acoustic measurements of articulation, prosody, and voice quality were collected with perceptual measures of severity. Cues to speak louder and reduce rate did not confer intelligibility benefits to every speaker. The degree to which cues to speak louder improved intelligibility could be predicted by speakers' baseline articulation rates and overall dysarthria severity. Improvements in the slow condition could be predicted by speakers' baseline severity and temporal variability. Speakers with a breathier voice quality tended to perform better in the loud condition than in the slow condition. Assessments of baseline speech features can be used to predict appropriate treatment strategies for speakers with dysarthria. Further development of these assessments could provide the basis for more individualized treatment programs.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-11-09
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29075753, 10.1044/2016_JSLHR-S-16-0218, PMC6195071, 29075753, 29075753, 2661025
Format: Citation

Title: Generalized Adaptation to Dysarthric Speech.
Creator: Borrie, Stephanie A, Lansford, Kaitlin L, Barrett, Tyson S
Abstract/Description: Generalization of perceptual learning has received limited attention in listener adaptation studies with dysarthric speech. This study investigated whether adaptation to a talker with dysarthria could be predicted by the nature of the listener's prior familiarization experience, specifically similarity of perceptual features, and level of intelligibility. Following an intelligibility pretest involving a talker with ataxic dysarthria, 160 listeners were familiarized with 1 of 7 talkers with...
Show moreGeneralization of perceptual learning has received limited attention in listener adaptation studies with dysarthric speech. This study investigated whether adaptation to a talker with dysarthria could be predicted by the nature of the listener's prior familiarization experience, specifically similarity of perceptual features, and level of intelligibility. Following an intelligibility pretest involving a talker with ataxic dysarthria, 160 listeners were familiarized with 1 of 7 talkers with dysarthria-who differed from the test talker in terms of perceptual similarity (same, similar, dissimilar) and level of intelligibility (low, mid, high)-or a talker with no neurological impairment (control). Listeners then completed an intelligibility posttest on the test talker. All listeners benefited from familiarization with a talker with dysarthria; however, adaptation to the test talker was superior when the familiarization talker had similar perceptual features and reduced when the familiarization talker had low intelligibility. Evidence for both generalization and specificity of learning highlights the differential value of listeners' prior experiences for adaptation to, and improved understanding of, a talker with dysarthria. These findings broaden our theoretical knowledge of adaptation to degraded speech, as well as the clinical application of training paradigms that exploit perceptual processes for therapeutic gain.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-11-09
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29075754, 10.1044/2017_JSLHR-S-17-0127, PMC5945074, 29075754, 29075754, 2660935
Format: Citation

Title: Predicting Intelligibility Gains in Dysarthria Through Automated Speech Feature Analysis.
Creator: Fletcher, Annalise R, Wisler, Alan A, McAuliffe, Megan J, Lansford, Kaitlin L, Liss, Julie M
Abstract/Description: Behavioral speech modifications have variable effects on the intelligibility of speakers with dysarthria. In the companion article, a significant relationship was found between measures of speakers' baseline speech and their intelligibility gains following cues to speak louder and reduce rate (Fletcher, McAuliffe, Lansford, Sinex, & Liss, 2017). This study reexamines these features and assesses whether automated acoustic assessments can also be used to predict intelligibility gains. Fifty...
Show moreBehavioral speech modifications have variable effects on the intelligibility of speakers with dysarthria. In the companion article, a significant relationship was found between measures of speakers' baseline speech and their intelligibility gains following cues to speak louder and reduce rate (Fletcher, McAuliffe, Lansford, Sinex, & Liss, 2017). This study reexamines these features and assesses whether automated acoustic assessments can also be used to predict intelligibility gains. Fifty speakers (7 older individuals and 43 with dysarthria) read a passage in habitual, loud, and slow speaking modes. Automated measurements of long-term average spectra, envelope modulation spectra, and Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients were extracted from short segments of participants' baseline speech. Intelligibility gains were statistically modeled, and the predictive power of the baseline speech measures was assessed using cross-validation. Statistical models could predict the intelligibility gains of speakers they had not been trained on. The automated acoustic features were better able to predict speakers' improvement in the loud condition than the manual measures reported in the companion article. These acoustic analyses present a promising tool for rapidly assessing treatment options. Automated measures of baseline speech patterns may enable more selective inclusion criteria and stronger group outcomes within treatment studies.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-11-09
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29075755, 10.1044/2017_JSLHR-S-16-0453, PMC6195072, 29075755, 29075755, 2661026
Format: Citation

Title: Aging and circadian dysfunction increase alcohol sensitivity and exacerbate mortality in Drosophila melanogaster.
Creator: De Nobrega, Aliza K, Mellers, Alana P, Lyons, Lisa C
Abstract/Description: Alcohol abuse is a rising problem in middle-aged and older individuals resulting in serious health, family and economic consequences. Effective treatment necessitates the identification of factors influencing alcohol toxicity with aging. We investigated the interaction between aging, alcohol toxicity and circadian function using Drosophila as a model system. We found as wild type flies age, sensitivity to alcohol increases and circadian regulation of alcohol-induced behaviors weakens....
Show moreAlcohol abuse is a rising problem in middle-aged and older individuals resulting in serious health, family and economic consequences. Effective treatment necessitates the identification of factors influencing alcohol toxicity with aging. We investigated the interaction between aging, alcohol toxicity and circadian function using Drosophila as a model system. We found as wild type flies age, sensitivity to alcohol increases and circadian regulation of alcohol-induced behaviors weakens. Decreased circadian modulation is correlated with significantly greater alcohol sensitivity during the subjective day. The circadian clock modulates alcohol-induced mortality in younger flies with increased mortality following alcohol exposure at night. Older flies exhibit significantly longer recovery times following alcohol-induced sedation and increased mortality following binge-like or chronic alcohol exposure. Flies rendered arrhythmic either genetically or environmentally exhibit significantly increased alcohol sensitivity, longer recovery times and increased mortality. We hypothesize that the circadian clock phase specifically buffers behavioral and cellular alcohol sensitivity with this protection diminishing as the circadian clock weakens with age.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-10-15
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28750752, 10.1016/j.exger.2017.07.014, PMC6158789, 28750752, 28750752, S0531-5565(17)30055-4
Format: Citation

Title: Feeling Older and the Development of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia.
Creator: Stephan, Yannick, Sutin, Angelina R, Luchetti, Martina, Terracciano, Antonio
Abstract/Description: Subjective age is a biopsychosocial marker of aging associated with a range of outcomes in old age. In the domain of cognition, feeling older than one's chronological age is related to lower cognitive performance and steeper cognitive decline among older adults. The present study examines whether an older subjective age is associated with the risk of incident cognitive impairment and dementia. Participants were 5,748 individuals aged 65 years and older drawn from the Health and Retirement...
Show moreSubjective age is a biopsychosocial marker of aging associated with a range of outcomes in old age. In the domain of cognition, feeling older than one's chronological age is related to lower cognitive performance and steeper cognitive decline among older adults. The present study examines whether an older subjective age is associated with the risk of incident cognitive impairment and dementia. Participants were 5,748 individuals aged 65 years and older drawn from the Health and Retirement Study. Measures of subjective age, cognition, and covariates were obtained at baseline, and follow-up cognition was assessed over a 2- to 4-year period. Only participants without cognitive impairment were included at baseline. At follow-up, participants were classified into one of the three categories: normal functioning, cognitive impairment without dementia (CIND), and dementia. An older subjective age at baseline was associated with higher likelihood of CIND (odds ratio [OR] = 1.18; 1.09-1.28) and dementia (OR = 1.29; 1.02-1.63) at follow-up, controlling for chronological age, other demographic factors, and baseline cognition. Physical inactivity and depressive symptoms partly accounted for these associations. An older subjective age is a marker of individuals' risk of subsequent cognitive impairment and dementia.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-10-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27436103, 10.1093/geronb/gbw085, PMC5927095, 27436103, 27436103, gbw085
Format: Citation

Title: When Emotional Pain Becomes Physical: Adverse Childhood Experiences, Pain, and the Role of Mood and Anxiety Disorders..
Creator: Sachs-Ericsson, Natalie J, Sheffler, Julia L, Stanley, Ian H, Piazza, Jennifer R, Preacher, Kristopher J
Abstract/Description: We examined the association between retrospective reports of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and painful medical conditions. We also examined the mediating and moderating roles of mood and anxiety disorders in the ACEs-painful medical conditions relationship. Ten-year longitudinal data were obtained from the National Comorbidity Surveys (NCS-1, NCS-2; N = 5001). The NCS-1 obtained reports of ACEs, current health conditions, current pain severity, and mood and anxiety disorders. The NCS-2...
Show moreWe examined the association between retrospective reports of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and painful medical conditions. We also examined the mediating and moderating roles of mood and anxiety disorders in the ACEs-painful medical conditions relationship. Ten-year longitudinal data were obtained from the National Comorbidity Surveys (NCS-1, NCS-2; N = 5001). The NCS-1 obtained reports of ACEs, current health conditions, current pain severity, and mood and anxiety disorders. The NCS-2 assessed for painful medical conditions (e.g., arthritis/rheumatism, chronic back/neck problems, severe headaches, other chronic pain). Specific ACEs (e.g., verbal and sexual abuse, parental psychopathology, and early parental loss) were associated with the painful medical conditions. Baseline measures of depression, bipolar disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder were also associated with the number of painful medical conditions. Anxiety and mood disorders were found to partially mediate the ACEs-painful medical conditions relationship. We determined through mediation analyses that ACEs were linked to an increase in anxiety and mood disorders, which, in turn, were associated with an increase in the number of painful medical conditions. We determined through moderation analyses that ACEs had an effect on increasing the painful medical conditions at both high and low levels of anxiety and mood disorders; though, surprisingly, the effect was greater among participants at lower levels of mood and anxiety disorders. There are pernicious effects of ACEs across mental and physical domains. Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress response and the theory of reserve capacity are reviewed to integrate our findings of the complex relationships.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-10-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28328011, 10.1002/jclp.22444, PMC6098699, 28328011, 28328011
Format: Citation

Title: Personality and Lung Function in Older Adults.
Creator: Terracciano, Antonio, Stephan, Yannick, Luchetti, Martina, Gonzalez-Rothi, Ricardo, Sutin, Angelina R
Abstract/Description: Lung disease is a leading cause of disability and death among older adults. We examine whether personality traits are associated with lung function and shortness of breath (dyspnea) in a national cohort with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Participants (N = 12,670) from the Health and Retirement Study were tested for peak expiratory flow (PEF) and completed measures of personality, health behaviors, and a medical history. High neuroticism and low extraversion,...
Show moreLung disease is a leading cause of disability and death among older adults. We examine whether personality traits are associated with lung function and shortness of breath (dyspnea) in a national cohort with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Participants (N = 12,670) from the Health and Retirement Study were tested for peak expiratory flow (PEF) and completed measures of personality, health behaviors, and a medical history. High neuroticism and low extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were associated with lower PEF, and higher likelihood of COPD and dyspnea. Conscientiousness had the strongest and most consistent associations, including lower risk of PEF less than 80% of the predicted value (OR = 0.67; 0.62-0.73) and dyspnea (OR = 0.52; 0.47-0.57). Although attenuated, the associations remained significant when accounting for smoking, physical activity, and chronic diseases including cardiovascular and psychiatric disorders. The associations between personality and PEF or dyspnea were similar among those with or without COPD, suggesting that psychological links to lung function are not disease dependent. In longitudinal analyses, high neuroticism (β = -0.019) and low conscientiousness (β = 0.027) predicted steeper declines in PEF. A vulnerable personality profile is common among individuals with limited lung function and COPD, predicts shortness of breath and worsening lung function.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-10-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26786321, 10.1093/geronb/gbv161, PMC5926981, 26786321, 26786321, gbv161
Format: Citation

Title: Attention bias modification reduces neural correlates of response monitoring.
Creator: Nelson, Brady D, Jackson, Felicia, Amir, Nader, Hajcak, Greg
Abstract/Description: The error-related negativity (ERN) is an electrophysiological response to errors. Individual differences in the ERN have been posited to reflect sensitivity to threat and linked with risk for anxiety disorders. Attention bias modification is a promising computerized intervention that has been shown to decrease threat biases and anxiety symptoms. In the present study, we examined the impact of a single session of attention bias modification, relative to a control task, on the neural correlates...
Show moreThe error-related negativity (ERN) is an electrophysiological response to errors. Individual differences in the ERN have been posited to reflect sensitivity to threat and linked with risk for anxiety disorders. Attention bias modification is a promising computerized intervention that has been shown to decrease threat biases and anxiety symptoms. In the present study, we examined the impact of a single session of attention bias modification, relative to a control task, on the neural correlates of response monitoring, including the ERN, correct response negativity (CRN), and their difference (i.e., the ERN - CRN or ΔERN). The final sample included 60 participants who first completed a flanker task to elicit the ERN and CRN, and were then randomly assigned to attention bias modification (n=30) or a control task (n=30). After completing the attention bias modification or control task, participants completed the same flanker task to again elicit the ERN and CRN. Among participants who completed attention bias modification training, the ERN, CRN, and ΔERN decreased from the pre- to post-training assessment. In contrast, in participants who completed the control task, the CRN, ERN, and ΔERN did not differ between the pre- and post-training assessment. The presents study suggests that a single session of attention bias modification reduces neural correlates of response monitoring, including error-related brain activity. These results also support attention bias modification as a potential mechanistic-based intervention for the prevention and treatment of anxiety pathology.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-10-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28867538, 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.08.059, PMC5673533, 28867538, 28867538, S0301-0511(17)30228-4
Format: Citation

Title: Effects of pair bonding on parental behavior and dopamine activity in the nucleus accumbens in male prairie voles.
Creator: Lei, K, Liu, Y, Smith, A S, Lonstein, J S, Wang, Z
Abstract/Description: Male parental care is a vital behavior for the development as well as the physical and mental well-being of the young. However, little is known about the neurochemical regulation of male parental behavior, mainly due to the lack of appropriate animal models. In this study, we used the socially monogamous male prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) to investigate the effect of pair-bonding experience on paternal behavior and dopamine (DA) signaling in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) in the brain. We...
Show moreMale parental care is a vital behavior for the development as well as the physical and mental well-being of the young. However, little is known about the neurochemical regulation of male parental behavior, mainly due to the lack of appropriate animal models. In this study, we used the socially monogamous male prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) to investigate the effect of pair-bonding experience on paternal behavior and dopamine (DA) signaling in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) in the brain. We compared sexually naïve males with males that were pair bonded with a female for two weeks. Our data showed that pair-bonded males displayed enhanced paternal behavior, particularly in pup licking/grooming, associated with increased DA type-1 receptor (D1R) protein expression in the NAcc, compared to sexually naïve males. Site-specific brain microdialysis revealed a significant, but transient, increase in DA release in the NAcc associated with pup exposure in both groups of the males. Further, pharmacological blockade of D1R in the NAcc decreased pup licking/grooming in the pair-bonded males. Together, our data demonstrate that pair-bonding experience with a female facilitated male parental behavior via NAcc D1R mediation in male prairie voles.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-10-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28858415, 10.1111/ejn.13673, PMC5624856, 28858415, 28858415
Format: Citation

Title: Impacts of Initial Transformation to a Patient-Centered Medical Home on Diabetes Outcomes in Federally Qualified Health Centers in Florida.
Creator: Kinsell, Heidi S, Hall, Allyson G, Harman, Jeffrey S, Tewary, Sweta, Brickman, Andrew
Abstract/Description: Federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) in Florida see large numbers of vulnerable patients with diabetes. Patient-centered medical home (PCMH) models can lead to improvements in health for patients with chronic conditions and cost savings for providers. Therefore, FQHCs are increasingly moving to PCMH models of care. The study objective was to examine the effects of initial transformation to a level 3 National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) certified PCMH in 2011, on clinical...
Show moreFederally qualified health centers (FQHCs) in Florida see large numbers of vulnerable patients with diabetes. Patient-centered medical home (PCMH) models can lead to improvements in health for patients with chronic conditions and cost savings for providers. Therefore, FQHCs are increasingly moving to PCMH models of care. The study objective was to examine the effects of initial transformation to a level 3 National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) certified PCMH in 2011, on clinical diabetes outcomes among 27 clinic sites from a network of FQHCs in Florida. We used de-identified, longitudinal electronic health record (EHR) data from 2010-2012 and multivariate logistic regression to analyze the effects of initial transformation on the odds of having well-controlled HbA1c, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure (BP) among vulnerable patients with diabetes. Models controlled for clustering by year, patient, and organizational characteristics. Overall, transformation to a PCMH was associated with 19% greater odds of having well-controlled HbA1c values with no statistically significant impact on BMI or BP. Subanalyses showed transformation had less of an effect on BP for African American patients and HbA1c control for Medicare enrollees but a greater effect on weight control for patients older than 35 years. Transformation to a PCMH in FQHCs appears to improve the health of vulnerable patients with diabetes, with less improvement for subsets of patients. Future research should seek to understand the heterogeneous effects of patient-centered transformation on various subgroups.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-10-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29161972, 10.1177/2150131917742300, PMC5932745, 29161972, 29161972
Format: Citation

Title: Smart thermosensitive liposomes for effective solid tumor therapy and in vivo imaging.
Creator: Affram, Kevin, Udofot, Ofonime, Singh, Mandip, Krishnan, Sunil, Reams, Renee, Rosenberg, Jens, Agyare, Edward
Abstract/Description: In numerous studies, liposomes have been used to deliver anticancer drugs such as doxorubicin to local heat-triggered tumor. Here, we investigate: (i) the ability of thermosensitive liposomal nanoparticle (TSLnp) as a delivery system to deliver poorly membrane-permeable anticancer drug, gemcitabine (Gem) to solid pancreatic tumor with the aid of local mild hyperthermia and, (ii) the possibility of using gadolinium (Magnevist®) loaded-TSLnps (Gd-TSLnps) to increase magnetic resonance imaging ...
Show moreIn numerous studies, liposomes have been used to deliver anticancer drugs such as doxorubicin to local heat-triggered tumor. Here, we investigate: (i) the ability of thermosensitive liposomal nanoparticle (TSLnp) as a delivery system to deliver poorly membrane-permeable anticancer drug, gemcitabine (Gem) to solid pancreatic tumor with the aid of local mild hyperthermia and, (ii) the possibility of using gadolinium (Magnevist®) loaded-TSLnps (Gd-TSLnps) to increase magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast in solid tumor. In this study, we developed and tested gemcitabine-loaded thermosensitive liposomal nanoparticles (Gem-TSLnps) and gadolinium-loaded thermosensitive liposomal nanoparticles (Gd-TSLnps) both in in-vitro and in-vivo. The TSLnps exhibited temperature-dependent release of Gem, at 40-42°C, 65% of Gem was released within 10 min, whereas < 23% Gem leakage occurred at 37°C after a period of 2 h. The pharmacokinetic parameters and tissue distribution of both Gem-TSLnps and Gd-TSLnps were significantly greater compared with free Gem and Gd, while Gem-TSLnps plasma clearance was reduced by 17-fold and that of Gd-TSLpns was decreased by 2-fold. Area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC) of Gem-TSLnps (35.17± 0.04 μghr/mL) was significantly higher than that of free Gem (2.09 ± 0.01 μghr/mL) whereas, AUC of Gd-TSLnps was higher than free Gd by 3.9 fold high. TSLnps showed significant Gem accumulation in heated tumor relative to free Gem. Similar trend of increased Gd-TSLnps accumulation was observed in non-heated tumor compared to that of free Gd; however, no significant difference in MRI contrast enhancement between free Gd and Gd-TSLnps ex-vivo tumor images was observed. Despite Gem-TSLnps dose being half of free Gem dose, antitumor efficacy of Gem-TSLnps was comparable to that of free Gem(Gem-TSLnps 10 mg Gem/kg compared with free Gem 20 mg/kg). Overall, the findings suggest that TSLnps may be used to improve Gem delivery and enhance its antitumor activity. However, the formulation of Gd-TSLnp needs to be fully optimized to significantly enhance MRI contrast in tumor.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-09-21
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28934281, 10.1371/journal.pone.0185116, PMC5608370, 28934281, 28934281, PONE-D-17-14628
Format: Citation

Title: Genetic and environmental influences on early literacy skills across school grade contexts.
Creator: Haughbrook, Rasheda, Hart, Sara A, Schatschneider, Christopher, Taylor, Jeanette
Abstract/Description: Recent research suggests that the etiology of reading achievement can differ across environmental contexts. In the US, schools are commonly assigned grades (e.g. 'A', 'B') often interpreted to indicate school quality. This study explored differences in the etiology of early literacy skills for students based on these school grades. Participants included twins drawn from the Florida Twin Project on Reading (n = 1313 pairs) aged 4 to 10 years during the 2006-07 school year. Early literacy...
Show moreRecent research suggests that the etiology of reading achievement can differ across environmental contexts. In the US, schools are commonly assigned grades (e.g. 'A', 'B') often interpreted to indicate school quality. This study explored differences in the etiology of early literacy skills for students based on these school grades. Participants included twins drawn from the Florida Twin Project on Reading (n = 1313 pairs) aged 4 to 10 years during the 2006-07 school year. Early literacy skills were assessed with DIBELS subtests: Oral Reading Fluency (ORF), Nonsense Word Fluency (NWF), Initial Sound Fluency (ISF), Letter Naming Fluency (LNF), and Phoneme Segmentation Fluency (PSF). School grade data were retrieved from the Florida Department of Education. Multi-group analyses were conducted separately for subsamples defined by 'A' or 'non-A' schools, controlling for school-level socioeconomic status. Results indicated significant etiological differences on pre-reading skills (ISF, LNF, and PSF), but not word-level reading skills (ORF and NWF). There was a consistent trend of greater environmental influences on pre-reading skills in non-A schools, arguably representing 'poorer' environmental contexts than the A schools. Importantly, this is the case outside of resources linked with school-level SES, indicating that something about the direct environment on pre-reading skills in the non-A school context is more variable than for A schools.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-09-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27496364, 10.1111/desc.12434, PMC5293682, 27496364, 27496364
Format: Citation

Title: MicroRNA-211 Regulates Oxidative Phosphorylation and Energy Metabolism in Human Vitiligo.
Creator: Sahoo, Anupama, Lee, Bongyong, Boniface, Katia, Seneschal, Julien, Sahoo, Sanjaya K, Seki, Tatsuya, Wang, Chunyan, Das, Soumen, Han, Xianlin, Steppie, Michael, Seal, Sudipta,...
Show moreSahoo, Anupama, Lee, Bongyong, Boniface, Katia, Seneschal, Julien, Sahoo, Sanjaya K, Seki, Tatsuya, Wang, Chunyan, Das, Soumen, Han, Xianlin, Steppie, Michael, Seal, Sudipta, Taieb, Alain, Perera, Ranjan J
Show less
Abstract/Description: Vitiligo is a common chronic skin disorder characterized by loss of epidermal melanocytes and progressive depigmentation. Vitiligo has complex immune, genetic, environmental, and biochemical causes, but the exact molecular mechanisms of vitiligo development and progression, particularly those related to metabolic control, are poorly understood. In this study we characterized the human vitiligo cell line PIG3V and the normal human melanocyte line HEM-l by RNA sequencing, targeted metabolomics,...
Show moreVitiligo is a common chronic skin disorder characterized by loss of epidermal melanocytes and progressive depigmentation. Vitiligo has complex immune, genetic, environmental, and biochemical causes, but the exact molecular mechanisms of vitiligo development and progression, particularly those related to metabolic control, are poorly understood. In this study we characterized the human vitiligo cell line PIG3V and the normal human melanocyte line HEM-l by RNA sequencing, targeted metabolomics, and shotgun lipidomics. Melanocyte-enriched microRNA-211, a known metabolic switch in nonpigmented melanoma cells, was severely down-regulated in vitiligo cell line PIG3V and skin biopsy samples from vitiligo patients, whereas its predicted targets PPARGC1A, RRM2, and TAOK1 were reciprocally up-regulated. microRNA-211 binds to PGC1-α 3' untranslated region locus and represses it. Although mitochondrial numbers were constant, mitochondrial complexes I, II, and IV and respiratory responses were defective in vitiligo cells. Nanoparticle-coated microRNA-211 partially augmented the oxygen consumption rate in PIG3V cells. The lower oxygen consumption rate, changes in lipid and metabolite profiles, and increased reactive oxygen species production observed in vitiligo cells appear to be partly due to abnormal regulation of microRNA-211 and its target genes. These genes represent potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in human vitiligo.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-09-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28502800, 10.1016/j.jid.2017.04.025, PMC6233982, 28502800, 28502800, S0022-202X(17)31491-4
Format: Citation

Title: My Child Is Islet Autoantibody Positive: Impact on Parental Anxiety..
Creator: Johnson, Suzanne Bennett, Lynch, Kristian F, Roth, Roswith, Schatz, Desmond
Abstract/Description: To assess parent anxiety in response to genetic and islet autoantibody (IA) testing in children at increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes followed from birth in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. Parent anxiety about TEDDY children's risk was assessed with the State Anxiety Inventory (SAI). Parents completed the SAI when the child was 3, 6, and 15 months old and annually thereafter. Children were tested for IA every 3 months for 4 years and every 6...
Show moreTo assess parent anxiety in response to genetic and islet autoantibody (IA) testing in children at increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes followed from birth in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. Parent anxiety about TEDDY children's risk was assessed with the State Anxiety Inventory (SAI). Parents completed the SAI when the child was 3, 6, and 15 months old and annually thereafter. Children were tested for IA every 3 months for 4 years and every 6 months thereafter. Parent SAI scores of 6,799 children followed with IA testing for at least 1 and up to 6 years were examined. At study inception, parents showed high levels of anxiety in response to their child's increased genetic type 1 diabetes risk; mothers were more anxious than fathers, and parents with diabetes in the family were more anxious than parents with no family history. In response to repeated IA-negative (IA-) test results, parent anxiety declined to normal levels. Anxiety increased in parents faced with an IA-positive (IA+) test result. Parents faced with two or more types of IA+ test results showed particularly high levels of anxiety (all < 0.001). Infant genetic screening for type 1 diabetes raises parent anxiety when the child is at increased risk, but anxiety dissipates over time in cases of repeated IA- results. IA+ results heighten parent anxiety, and parents faced with two or more types of IA+ results may experience considerable anxiety for longer periods.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-09-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28663383, 10.2337/dc17-0166, PMC5566282, 28663383, 28663383, dc17-0166
Format: Citation

Title: The prevalence of discrimination across racial groups in contemporary America: Results from a nationally representative sample of adults..
Creator: Boutwell, Brian B, Nedelec, Joseph L, Winegard, Bo, Shackelford, Todd, Beaver, Kevin M, Vaughn, Michael, Barnes, J C, Wright, John P
Abstract/Description: A large body of social science research is devoted to understanding the causes and correlates of discrimination. Comparatively less effort has been aimed at providing a general prevalence estimate of discrimination using a nationally representative sample. The current study is intended to offer such an estimate using a large sample of American respondents (N = 14,793) while also exploring perceptions regarding why respondents felt they were discriminated against. The results provide a broad...
Show moreA large body of social science research is devoted to understanding the causes and correlates of discrimination. Comparatively less effort has been aimed at providing a general prevalence estimate of discrimination using a nationally representative sample. The current study is intended to offer such an estimate using a large sample of American respondents (N = 14,793) while also exploring perceptions regarding why respondents felt they were discriminated against. The results provide a broad estimate of self-reported discrimination experiences-an event that was only reported by about one-quarter of all sample members-across racial and ethnic categories.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-08-24
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28837680, 10.1371/journal.pone.0183356, PMC5570361, 28837680, 28837680, PONE-D-17-06599
Format: Citation

Title: The association of post-discharge adverse events with timely follow-up visits after hospital discharge.
Creator: Tsilimingras, Dennis, Ghosh, Samiran, Duke, Ashley, Zhang, Liying, Carretta, Henry, Schnipper, Jeffrey
Abstract/Description: There has been little research to examine the association of post-discharge adverse events (AEs) with timely follow-up visits after hospital discharge. We aimed to examine whether having a timely follow-up outpatient visit would reduce the risk for post-discharge AEs. This was a methods study of patients at risk for post-discharge AEs from December 2011 through October 2012. Five hundred and forty-five patients who were under the care of hospitalist physicians and were discharged home from a...
Show moreThere has been little research to examine the association of post-discharge adverse events (AEs) with timely follow-up visits after hospital discharge. We aimed to examine whether having a timely follow-up outpatient visit would reduce the risk for post-discharge AEs. This was a methods study of patients at risk for post-discharge AEs from December 2011 through October 2012. Five hundred and forty-five patients who were under the care of hospitalist physicians and were discharged home from a community hospital, spoke English, and could be contacted after discharge were evaluated. The aim of the study was to examine the association of post-discharge AEs with timely follow-up visits after hospital discharge based on structured telephone interviews, health record review, and adjudication by two blinded, trained physicians using a previously established methodology. We observed a higher incidence of AEs with patients that had their first follow-up visit within 7 days after hospital discharge (33.5% vs. 23.0%, p = 0.007). This effect was attenuated somewhat but remained significant when adjusted for several patient factors (adjusted OR 1.33, 95% confidence interval 1.16-2.71). This observational study paradoxically showed an increase in post-discharge AEs with early follow-up, likely a result of confounding by indication and/or information bias that could not be completely adjusted for. This study illustrates the potential hazards with conducting observational studies to determine the efficacy of various transitional care interventions, such as early follow-up, where risk for confounding by indication is high.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-08-10
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28796810, 10.1371/journal.pone.0182669, PMC5552135, 28796810, 28796810, PONE-D-17-08560
Format: Citation

Title: Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and the trajectory of externalizing and internalizing symptoms across childhood: Similarities and differences across parent, teacher, and self reports..
Creator: Sutin, Angelina R, Flynn, Heather A, Terracciano, Antonio
Abstract/Description: Maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) has been associated with symptoms of externalizing (e.g., hyperactivity) and internalizing (e.g., emotional) disorders in childhood. The present research addresses two new questions about the nature of this relation: (1) Do the associations between MSDP and externalizing and internalizing symptoms vary by who reports the symptoms? and (2) Is MSDP associated with changes in symptomatology across childhood? We address these questions with two cohorts...
Show moreMaternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) has been associated with symptoms of externalizing (e.g., hyperactivity) and internalizing (e.g., emotional) disorders in childhood. The present research addresses two new questions about the nature of this relation: (1) Do the associations between MSDP and externalizing and internalizing symptoms vary by who reports the symptoms? and (2) Is MSDP associated with changes in symptomatology across childhood? We address these questions with two cohorts from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC). Parents and teachers completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire up to six times every two years between child ages 4 and 14 in the older cohort (N = 3841) and up to four times between child ages 4 and 10 in the younger cohort (N = 3714); the study children also completed the same questionnaire up to three times starting at age 10. Across the two cohorts, MSDP was associated with more externalizing symptoms as reported by parents, teachers, and self. MSDP was also associated with increases in externalizing symptoms across childhood when teachers assessed the symptoms but not when parents assessed them. Finally, MSDP was not consistently associated with the average level of internalizing symptoms, but it was associated with increases in these symptoms across childhood. The present research indicates a robust association between MSDP and the average level of externalizing symptoms in childhood regardless of who reports the symptoms. It also indicates that whether MSDP is associated with the trajectory of externalizing symptomatology depends on who reports on the symptoms.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-08-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28359941, 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.03.003, PMC5647462, 28359941, 28359941, S0022-3956(16)30806-8
Format: Citation

Title: Interprofessional Education in the Internal Medicine Clerkship Post-LCME Standard Issuance: Results of a National Survey..
Creator: Alexandraki, Irene, Hernandez, Caridad A, Torre, Dario M, Chretien, Katherine C
Abstract/Description: Several decades of work have detailed the value and goals of interprofessional education (IPE) within the health professions, defining IPE competencies and best practices. In 2013, the Liaison Committee for Medical Education (LCME) elevated IPE to a U.S. medical school accreditation standard. To examine the status of IPE within internal medicine (IM) clerkships including perspectives, curricular content, barriers, and assessment a year after the LCME standard issuance. Anonymous online survey...
Show moreSeveral decades of work have detailed the value and goals of interprofessional education (IPE) within the health professions, defining IPE competencies and best practices. In 2013, the Liaison Committee for Medical Education (LCME) elevated IPE to a U.S. medical school accreditation standard. To examine the status of IPE within internal medicine (IM) clerkships including perspectives, curricular content, barriers, and assessment a year after the LCME standard issuance. Anonymous online survey. IM clerkship directors from each of the Clerkship Directors in Internal Medicine's 121 U.S. and Canadian member medical schools in 2014. In 2014, a section on IPE (18 items) was included in the Clerkship Directors in Internal Medicine annual survey of its 121 U.S. and Canadian member medical schools. Items (18) assessed clerkship director (CD) perspectives, status of IPE curricula in IM clerkships, and barriers to IPE implementation. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis of free-text responses to one of the survey questions. The overall survey response rate was 78% (94/121). The majority (88%) agreed that IPE is important to the practice of IM, and 71% believed IPE should be part of the IM clerkship. Most (76%) CDs agreed there is need for faculty development programs in IPE; 27% had such a program at their institution. Lack of curricular time, scheduling conflicts, and lack of faculty trained in IPE were the most frequently cited barriers. Twenty-nine percent had formal IPE activities within their IM clerkships, and 38% were planning to make changes. Of those with formal IPE activities, over a third (37%) did not involve student assessment. Since LCME standard issuance, only a minority of IM clerkships have included formal IPE activities, with lectures as the predominant method. Opportunities exist for enhancing educational methods as well as IPE faculty development.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-08-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28284014, 10.1007/s11606-017-4004-3, PMC5515782, 28284014, 28284014, 10.1007/s11606-017-4004-3
Format: Citation

Title: Locomotor sensitization to intermittent ketamine administration is associated with nucleus accumbens plasticity in male and female rats.
Creator: Strong, C E, Schoepfer, K J, Dossat, A M, Saland, S K, Wright, K N, Kabbaj, M
Abstract/Description: Clinical evidence suggests superior antidepressant response over time with a repeated, intermittent ketamine treatment regimen as compared to a single infusion. However, the club drug ketamine is commonly abused. Therefore, the abuse potential of repeated ketamine injections at low doses needs to be investigated. In this study, we investigated the abuse potential of repeated exposure to either 0, 2.5, or 5 mg/kg ketamine administered once weekly for seven weeks. Locomotor activity and...
Show moreClinical evidence suggests superior antidepressant response over time with a repeated, intermittent ketamine treatment regimen as compared to a single infusion. However, the club drug ketamine is commonly abused. Therefore, the abuse potential of repeated ketamine injections at low doses needs to be investigated. In this study, we investigated the abuse potential of repeated exposure to either 0, 2.5, or 5 mg/kg ketamine administered once weekly for seven weeks. Locomotor activity and conditioned place preference (CPP) were assayed to evaluate behavioral sensitization to the locomotor activating effects of ketamine and its rewarding properties, respectively. Our results show that while neither males nor females developed CPP, males treated with 5 mg/kg and females treated with either 2.5 or 5 mg/kg ketamine behaviorally sensitized. Furthermore, dendritic spine density was increased in the NAc of both males and females administered 5 mg/kg ketamine, an effect specific to the NAc shell (NAcSh) in males but to both the NAc core (NAcC) and NAcSh in females. Additionally, males administered 5 mg/kg ketamine displayed increased protein expression of ΔfosB, calcium calmodulin kinase II alpha (CaMKIIα), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), an effect not observed in females administered either dose of ketamine. However, males and females administered 5 mg/kg ketamine displayed increased protein expression of AMPA receptors (GluA1). Taken together, low-dose ketamine, when administered intermittently, induces behavioral sensitization at a lower dose in females than males, accompanied by an increase in spine density in the NAc and protein expression changes in pathways commonly implicated in addiction.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-07-15
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28479397, 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.05.003, PMC5520991, 28479397, 28479397, S0028-3908(17)30199-5
Format: Citation

Title: Inhibitory Control of Spanish-Speaking Language-Minority Preschool Children: Measurement and Association With Language, Literacy, and Math Skills..
Creator: Lonigan, Christopher J, Allan, Darcey M, Goodrich, J Marc, Farrington, Amber L, Phillips, Beth M
Abstract/Description: Children's self-regulation, including components of executive function such as inhibitory control, is related concurrently and longitudinally with elementary school children's reading and math abilities. Although several recent studies have examined links between preschool children's self-regulation or executive function and their academic skill development, few included large numbers of Spanish-speaking language-minority children. Among the fastest growing segments of the U.S. school-age...
Show moreChildren's self-regulation, including components of executive function such as inhibitory control, is related concurrently and longitudinally with elementary school children's reading and math abilities. Although several recent studies have examined links between preschool children's self-regulation or executive function and their academic skill development, few included large numbers of Spanish-speaking language-minority children. Among the fastest growing segments of the U.S. school-age population, many of these children are at significant risk of academic difficulties. We examined the relations between inhibitory control and academic skills in a sample containing a large number of Spanish-speaking preschoolers. Overall, the children demonstrated substantial academic risk based on preschool-entry vocabulary scores in the below-average range. Children completed assessments of language, literacy, and math skills in English and Spanish, when appropriate, at the start and end of their preschool year, along with a measure of inhibitory control, the Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders task, which was administered at the start of the preschool year in the child's dominant conversational language. Scores on this last measure were lower for children for whom it was administered in Spanish. For both English and Spanish outcomes, those scores were significantly and uniquely associated with higher scores on measures of phonological awareness and math skills but not vocabulary or print knowledge skills.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-07-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26631366, 10.1177/0022219415618498, PMC5432406, 26631366, 26631366, 0022219415618498
Format: Citation

Title: Disparities in Infant Mortality by Race Among Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Infants.
Creator: Rice, Whitney S, Goldfarb, Samantha S, Brisendine, Anne E, Burrows, Stevie, Wingate, Martha S
Abstract/Description: U.S.-born Hispanic infants have a well-documented health advantage relative to other minority groups. However, little published research has examined racial heterogeneity within the Hispanic population, in relation to health outcomes. The current study aims to explore possible implications of racial identification for the health of U.S. born Hispanic compared to non-Hispanic infants. Methods Data were drawn from 2007 to 2008 NCHS Cohort Linked Live Birth-Infant Death Files, restricted to...
Show moreU.S.-born Hispanic infants have a well-documented health advantage relative to other minority groups. However, little published research has examined racial heterogeneity within the Hispanic population, in relation to health outcomes. The current study aims to explore possible implications of racial identification for the health of U.S. born Hispanic compared to non-Hispanic infants. Methods Data were drawn from 2007 to 2008 NCHS Cohort Linked Live Birth-Infant Death Files, restricted to deliveries of Hispanic black, Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black (NHB) and non-Hispanic white mothers (NHW) (n = 7,901,858). Adjusted odds ratios for first week mortality, neonatal, postneonatal, and overall infant mortality were calculated for each group, using NHW as the reference group. A distinct health gradient was observed in which NHB infants (n = 1,250,222) had the highest risk of first week (aOR 2.29, CI 2.21-2.37), neonatal (aOR 2.23, CI 2.17-2.30), postneonatal (aOR 1.74, CI 1.68-1.81), and infant mortality (aOR 2.05, CI 2.00-2.10) compared to NHW infants (n = 4,578,150). Hispanic black infants (n = 84,377) also experienced higher risk of first-week (aOR 1.28 (1.12-1.47), neonatal (aOR .27, CI 1.13-1.44), postneonatal (aOR 1.34, CI 1.15-1.56), and infant mortality (aOR 1.30, CI 1.18-1.43) compared to both NHW and Hispanic white infants (n = 1,989,109). Conclusions for Practice: Risk of infant mortality varies among Hispanic infants by race, with poorer outcomes experienced by Hispanic black infants. Compared to non-Hispanic infants of the same race, Hispanic black infants experience a smaller health disadvantage and Hispanic white infants have better or similar infant health outcomes. Our findings suggest implications of racial heterogeneity on infant health outcomes, and provide insight into the role of race as a social construct.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-07-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28197819, 10.1007/s10995-017-2290-3, PMC5498242, 28197819, 28197819, 10.1007/s10995-017-2290-3
Format: Citation

Title: Personal and cultural identity development in recently immigrated Hispanic adolescents: Links with psychosocial functioning..
Creator: Meca, Alan, Sabet, Raha F, Farrelly, Colleen M, Benitez, Cynthia G, Schwartz, Seth J, Gonzales-Backen, Melinda, Lorenzo-Blanco, Elma I, Unger, Jennifer B, Zamboanga, Byron L,...
Show moreMeca, Alan, Sabet, Raha F, Farrelly, Colleen M, Benitez, Cynthia G, Schwartz, Seth J, Gonzales-Backen, Melinda, Lorenzo-Blanco, Elma I, Unger, Jennifer B, Zamboanga, Byron L, Baezconde-Garbanati, Lourdes, Picariello, Simona, Des Rosiers, Sabrina E, Soto, Daniel W, Pattarroyo, Monica, Villamar, Juan A, Lizzi, Karina M
Show less
Abstract/Description: This study examined directionality between personal (i.e., coherence and confusion) and cultural identity (i.e., ethnic and U.S.) as well as their additive effects on psychosocial functioning in a sample of recently immigrated Hispanic adolescents. The sample consisted of 302 recent (
Show moreThis study examined directionality between personal (i.e., coherence and confusion) and cultural identity (i.e., ethnic and U.S.) as well as their additive effects on psychosocial functioning in a sample of recently immigrated Hispanic adolescents. The sample consisted of 302 recent (<5 years) immigrant Hispanic adolescents (53% boys; Mage = 14.51 years at baseline; SD = .88 years) from Miami and Los Angeles who participated in a longitudinal study. Results indicated a bidirectional relationship between personal identity coherence and both ethnic and U.S. identity. Ethnic and U.S. affirmation/commitment (A/C) positively and indirectly predicted optimism and negatively predicted rule breaking and aggression through coherence. However, confusion predicted lower self-esteem and optimism and higher depressive symptoms, rule breaking, unprotected sex, and cigarette use. Results further indicated significant site differences. In Los Angeles (but not Miami), ethnic A/C also negatively predicted confusion. Given the direct effects of coherence and confusion on nearly every outcome, it may be beneficial for interventions to target personal identity. However, in contexts such as Los Angeles, which has at least some ambivalence toward recently immigrated Hispanic adolescents, it may be more beneficial for interventions to also target cultural identity to reduce confusion and thus promote positive development. (PsycINFO Database Record
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-07-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28206778, 10.1037/cdp0000129, PMC5491363, 28206778, 28206778, 2017-07131-001
Format: Citation

Title: Stability of patient-specific features of altered DNA replication timing in xenografts of primary human acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Creator: Sasaki, Takayo, Rivera-Mulia, Juan Carlos, Vera, Daniel, Zimmerman, Jared, Das, Sunny, Padget, Michelle, Nakamichi, Naoto, Chang, Bill H, Tyner, Jeff, Druker, Brian J, Weng,...
Show moreSasaki, Takayo, Rivera-Mulia, Juan Carlos, Vera, Daniel, Zimmerman, Jared, Das, Sunny, Padget, Michelle, Nakamichi, Naoto, Chang, Bill H, Tyner, Jeff, Druker, Brian J, Weng, Andrew P, Civin, Curt I, Eaves, Connie J, Gilbert, David M
Show less
Abstract/Description: Genome-wide DNA replication timing (RT) profiles reflect the global three-dimensional chromosome architecture of cells. They also provide a comprehensive and unique megabase-scale picture of cellular epigenetic state. Thus, normal differentiation involves reproducible changes in RT, and transformation generally perturbs these, although the potential effects of altered RT on the properties of transformed cells remain largely unknown. A major challenge to interrogating these issues in human...
Show moreGenome-wide DNA replication timing (RT) profiles reflect the global three-dimensional chromosome architecture of cells. They also provide a comprehensive and unique megabase-scale picture of cellular epigenetic state. Thus, normal differentiation involves reproducible changes in RT, and transformation generally perturbs these, although the potential effects of altered RT on the properties of transformed cells remain largely unknown. A major challenge to interrogating these issues in human acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) is the low proliferative activity of most of the cells, which may be further reduced in cryopreserved samples and difficult to overcome in vitro. In contrast, the ability of many human ALL cell populations to expand when transplanted into highly immunodeficient mice is well documented. To examine the stability of DNA RT profiles of serially passaged xenografts of primary human B- and T-ALL cells, we first devised a method that circumvents the need for bromodeoxyuridine incorporation to distinguish early versus late S-phase cells. Using this and more standard protocols, we found consistently strong retention in xenografts of the original patient-specific RT features. Moreover, in a case in which genomic analyses indicated changing subclonal dynamics in serial passages, the RT profiles tracked concordantly. These results indicate that DNA RT is a relatively stable feature of human ALLs propagated in immunodeficient mice. In addition, they suggest the power of this approach for future interrogation of the origin and consequences of altered DNA RT in ALL.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-07-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28433605, 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.04.004, PMC5491210, 28433605, 28433605, S0301-472X(17)30136-4
Format: Citation

Title: Does Knowing Hurt? Perceiving Oneself as Overweight Predicts Future Physical Health and Well-Being.
Creator: Daly, Michael, Robinson, Eric, Sutin, Angelina R
Abstract/Description: Identifying oneself as being overweight may be associated with adverse health outcomes, yet prospective tests of this possibility are lacking. Over 7 years, we examined associations between perceptions of being overweight and subsequent health in a sample of 3,582 U.S. adults. Perceiving oneself as being overweight predicted longitudinal declines in subjective health ( d = -0.22, p
Show moreIdentifying oneself as being overweight may be associated with adverse health outcomes, yet prospective tests of this possibility are lacking. Over 7 years, we examined associations between perceptions of being overweight and subsequent health in a sample of 3,582 U.S. adults. Perceiving oneself as being overweight predicted longitudinal declines in subjective health ( d = -0.22, p < .001), increases in depressive symptoms ( d = 0.09, p < .05), and raised levels of physiological dysregulation ( d = 0.24, p < .001), as gauged by clinical indicators of cardiovascular, inflammatory, and metabolic functioning. These associations remained after controlling for a range of potential confounders and were observed irrespective of whether perceptions of being overweight were accurate or inaccurate. This research highlights the possibility that identifying oneself as overweight may act independently of body mass index to contribute to unhealthy profiles of physiological functioning and impaired health over time. These findings underscore the importance of evaluating whether weight-feedback interventions may have unforeseen adverse consequences.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-07-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28504919, 10.1177/0956797617696311, PMC6052963, 28504919, 28504919
Format: Citation

Title: Temperament and body weight from ages 4 to 15 years.
Creator: Sutin, A R, Kerr, J A, Terracciano, A
Abstract/Description: In adulthood, conscientiousness and neuroticism are correlates of body weight and weight gain. The present research examines whether the childhood antecedents of these traits, persistence and negative reactivity, respectively, are associated with weight gain across childhood. We likewise examine sociability as a predictor of childhood weight gain and whether these three traits are associated with weight concerns and weight-management strategies in adolescence. Participants (N=4153) were drawn...
Show moreIn adulthood, conscientiousness and neuroticism are correlates of body weight and weight gain. The present research examines whether the childhood antecedents of these traits, persistence and negative reactivity, respectively, are associated with weight gain across childhood. We likewise examine sociability as a predictor of childhood weight gain and whether these three traits are associated with weight concerns and weight-management strategies in adolescence. Participants (N=4153) were drawn from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, an ongoing, population-based study of child and family health and well-being. At the baseline assessment, caregivers reported on their child's temperament. At every assessment from ages 4-5 to 14-15 years, study children were weighed and measured by trained staff; there were up to six biennial assessments of body mass index and waist circumference. At ages 14-15 years, study children (n=2975) also self-reported on their weight concerns and weight-management strategies. Study children rated lower in persistence or higher in negative reactivity in early childhood gained more weight between the ages of 4 and 15 years. Sociability was associated with weight gain among girls but not among boys. Lower persistence and higher negative reactivity at ages 4-5 years were also associated with greater weight concerns, restrained eating and use of unhealthy weight-management strategies at ages 14-15 years. Childhood traits related to conscientiousness and neuroticism are associated with objective weight gain across childhood and with concerns and strategies to manage weight in adolescence. These results are consistent with a lifespan perspective that indicates that trait psychological functioning contributes to health-related markers from childhood through old age.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-07-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28280272, 10.1038/ijo.2017.62, PMC5496782, 28280272, 28280272, ijo201762
Format: Citation

Title: The feasibility of salivary sample collection in an international pediatric cohort: The the TEDDY study..
Creator: Roth, Roswith, Baxter, Judith, Vehik, Kendra, Hopkins, Diane, Killian, Michael, Gesualdo, Patricia, Melin, Jessica, Simell, Barbara, Strauss, Elisabeth, Lernmark, Åke, Johnson,...
Show moreRoth, Roswith, Baxter, Judith, Vehik, Kendra, Hopkins, Diane, Killian, Michael, Gesualdo, Patricia, Melin, Jessica, Simell, Barbara, Strauss, Elisabeth, Lernmark, Åke, Johnson, Suzanne Bennett
Show less
Abstract/Description: Saliva offers a relatively noninvasive method for measuring analytes such as cortisol, holding particular promise for use in pediatric populations on a large scale if a rigorous collection protocol is feasible in diverse settings. The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young study protocol, conducted in centers in the United States, Sweden, Finland, and Germany, used salivary collection to assess cortisol level as a physiologic marker of stress. Saliva was collected using Sorbettes...
Show moreSaliva offers a relatively noninvasive method for measuring analytes such as cortisol, holding particular promise for use in pediatric populations on a large scale if a rigorous collection protocol is feasible in diverse settings. The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young study protocol, conducted in centers in the United States, Sweden, Finland, and Germany, used salivary collection to assess cortisol level as a physiologic marker of stress. Saliva was collected using Sorbettes from subjects at 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 years of age. Parents collected a morning sample, and staff collected pre- and post-blood draw samples. Feasibility was assessed based on protocol completion, adherence with instructions, factors affecting adherence, and sufficiency of saliva sample for cortisol determination. Collection of saliva samples in a diverse pediatric population is feasible. Establishing non-invasive and acceptable methods for collecting physiological parameters of stress will allow better exploration of determinants of health in this important population.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-07-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28555778, 10.1002/dev.21523, PMC5502734, 28555778, 28555778
Format: Citation

Title: Acoustic Measures of Voice and Physiologic Measures of Autonomic Arousal during Speech as a Function of Cognitive Load.
Creator: MacPherson, Megan K, Abur, Defne, Stepp, Cara E
Abstract/Description: This study aimed to determine the relationship among cognitive load condition and measures of autonomic arousal and voice production in healthy adults. A prospective study design was conducted. Sixteen healthy young adults (eight men, eight women) produced a sentence containing an embedded Stroop task in each of two cognitive load conditions: congruent and incongruent. In both conditions, participants said the font color of the color words instead of the word text. In the incongruent...
Show moreThis study aimed to determine the relationship among cognitive load condition and measures of autonomic arousal and voice production in healthy adults. A prospective study design was conducted. Sixteen healthy young adults (eight men, eight women) produced a sentence containing an embedded Stroop task in each of two cognitive load conditions: congruent and incongruent. In both conditions, participants said the font color of the color words instead of the word text. In the incongruent condition, font color differed from the word text, creating an increase in cognitive load relative to the congruent condition in which font color and word text matched. Three physiologic measures of autonomic arousal (pulse volume amplitude, pulse period, and skin conductance response amplitude) and four acoustic measures of voice (sound pressure level, fundamental frequency, cepstral peak prominence, and low-to-high spectral energy ratio) were analyzed for eight sentence productions in each cognitive load condition per participant. A logistic regression model was constructed to predict the cognitive load condition (congruent or incongruent) using subject as a categorical predictor and the three autonomic measures and four acoustic measures as continuous predictors. It revealed that skin conductance response amplitude, cepstral peak prominence, and low-to-high spectral energy ratio were significantly associated with cognitive load condition. During speech produced under increased cognitive load, healthy young adults show changes in physiologic markers of heightened autonomic arousal and acoustic measures of voice quality. Future work is necessary to examine these measures in older adults and individuals with voice disorders.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-07-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27939119, 10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.10.021, PMC6081741, 27939119, 27939119, S0892-1997(16)30302-2
Format: Citation

Title: Parental educational attainment and adult offspring personality: An intergenerational life span approach to the origin of adult personality traits..
Creator: Sutin, Angelina R, Luchetti, Martina, Stephan, Yannick, Robins, Richard W, Terracciano, Antonio
Abstract/Description: Why do some individuals have more self-control or are more vulnerable to stress than others? Where do these basic personality traits come from? Although a fundamental question in personality, more is known about how traits are related to important life outcomes than their developmental origins. The present research took an intergenerational life span approach to address whether a significant aspect of the childhood environment-parental educational attainment-was associated with offspring...
Show moreWhy do some individuals have more self-control or are more vulnerable to stress than others? Where do these basic personality traits come from? Although a fundamental question in personality, more is known about how traits are related to important life outcomes than their developmental origins. The present research took an intergenerational life span approach to address whether a significant aspect of the childhood environment-parental educational attainment-was associated with offspring personality traits in adulthood. We tested the association between parents' educational levels and adult offspring personality traits in 7 samples (overall age range 14-95) and meta-analytically combined the results (total N > 60,000). Parents with more years of education had children who were more open, extraverted, and emotionally stable as adults. These associations were small but consistent, of similar modest magnitude to the association between life events and change in personality in adulthood, and were also supported by longitudinal analyses. Contrary to expectations, parental educational attainment was unrelated to offspring Conscientiousness, except for a surprisingly negative association in the younger cohorts. The results were similar in a subsample of participants who were adopted, which suggested that environmental mechanisms were as relevant as shared genetic variants. Participant levels of education were associated with greater conscientiousness, emotional stability, extraversion, and openness and partially mediated the relation between parent education and personality. Child IQ and family income were also partial mediators. The results of this research suggest that parental educational attainment is 1 intergenerational factor associated with offspring personality development in adulthood. (PsycINFO Database Record
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-07-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28287753, 10.1037/pspp0000137, PMC5472504, 28287753, 28287753, 2017-11240-001
Format: Citation

Title: Comparative Effectiveness of Plantar-Massage Techniques on Postural Control in Those With Chronic Ankle Instability.
Creator: Wikstrom, Erik A, Song, Kyeongtak, Lea, Ashley, Brown, Nastassia
Abstract/Description: One of the major concerns after an acute lateral ankle sprain is the potential for development of chronic ankle instability (CAI). The existing research has determined that clinician-delivered plantar massage improves postural control in those with CAI. However, the effectiveness of self-administered treatments and the underlying cause of any improvements remain unclear. To determine (1) the effectiveness of a self-administered plantar-massage treatment in those with CAI and (2) whether...
Show more One of the major concerns after an acute lateral ankle sprain is the potential for development of chronic ankle instability (CAI). The existing research has determined that clinician-delivered plantar massage improves postural control in those with CAI. However, the effectiveness of self-administered treatments and the underlying cause of any improvements remain unclear. To determine (1) the effectiveness of a self-administered plantar-massage treatment in those with CAI and (2) whether the postural-control improvements were due to the stimulation of the plantar cutaneous receptors. Crossover study. University setting. A total of 20 physically active individuals (6 men and 14 women) with self-reported CAI. All participants completed 3 test sessions involving 3 treatments: a clinician-delivered manual plantar massage, a patient-delivered self-massage with a ball, and a clinician-delivered sensory brush massage. Postural control was assessed using single-legged balance with eyes open and the Star Excursion Balance Test. Static postural control improved (P ≤ .014) after each of the interventions. However, no changes in dynamic postural control after any of the interventions were observed (P > .05). No differences were observed between a clinician-delivered manual plantar massage and either a patient-delivered self-massage with a ball or a clinician-delivered sensory brush massage in any postural-control outcome. In those with CAI, single 5-minute sessions of traditional plantar massage, self-administered massage, and sensory brush massage each resulted in comparable static postural-control improvements. The results also provide empirical evidence suggesting that the mechanism for the postural-control improvements is the stimulation of the plantar cutaneous receptors.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-07-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28722491, 10.4085/1062-6050-52.4.02, PMC5517117, 28722491, 28722491
Format: Citation

Title: Robotic Ventral Hernia Repair and Endoscopic Component Separation: Outcomes..
Creator: Oviedo, Rodolfo J, Robertson, Jarrod C, Desai, Apurva Sunder
Abstract/Description: Robot-assisted hernia repair, combined with endoscopic component separation, has reduced recurrence and complication rates and allowed immediate intervention in obese patients. We sought to study surgical outcomes in this high-risk group of patients in a community hospital. We conducted a retrospective chart review of ventral, incisional, and umbilical hernia repairs performed at a small community hospital by a single surgeon from March 2014 through November 2016, with statistical analysis of...
Show moreRobot-assisted hernia repair, combined with endoscopic component separation, has reduced recurrence and complication rates and allowed immediate intervention in obese patients. We sought to study surgical outcomes in this high-risk group of patients in a community hospital. We conducted a retrospective chart review of ventral, incisional, and umbilical hernia repairs performed at a small community hospital by a single surgeon from March 2014 through November 2016, with statistical analysis of the surgical outcomes. Patients included were those who underwent hernia repair during the study period and had a body mass index (BMI) >30. Patients were followed up for a minimum of 6 months (range, 6-37). Forty-seven hernia repairs were performed, including 33 combined and 14 control cases. The demographics of each group were comparable when comparing sex, age, BMI, and ASA classification. Mean follow-up was 19.39 months in the study group and 28.64 months in the control group. There were no significant differences in total operative time, estimated blood loss, conversion rates, or hospital length of stay. Two complications occurred in each of the study and control groups, with no recurrences in the study group and 3 in the control group and no mortalities. Robotic laparoscopic repair of abdominal wall defects offers significant advantages, including easier primary defect closure. Our analyses showed that combining robot-assisted hernia repair with mesh and endoscopic component separation is an effective intervention in obese patients.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-07-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28951658, 10.4293/JSLS.2017.00055, PMC5610118, 28951658, 28951658, JSLS.2017.00055
Format: Citation

Title: The BDNF ValMet polymorphism is associated with structural neuroanatomical differences in young children.
Creator: Jasińska, Kaja K, Molfese, Peter J, Kornilov, Sergey A, Mencl, W Einar, Frost, Stephen J, Lee, Maria, Pugh, Kenneth R, Grigorenko, Elena L, Landi, Nicole
Abstract/Description: The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) ValMet single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been associated with individual differences in brain structure and function, and cognition. Research on BDNF's influence on brain and cognition has largely been limited to adults, and little is known about the association of this gene, and specifically the ValMet polymorphism, with developing brain structure and emerging cognitive functions in children. We performed a targeted genetic association...
Show moreThe brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) ValMet single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been associated with individual differences in brain structure and function, and cognition. Research on BDNF's influence on brain and cognition has largely been limited to adults, and little is known about the association of this gene, and specifically the ValMet polymorphism, with developing brain structure and emerging cognitive functions in children. We performed a targeted genetic association analysis on cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volume in 78 children (ages 6-10) who were Val homozygotes (homozygous Val/Val carriers) or Met carriers (Val/Met, Met/Met) for the ValMet locus using Atlas-based brain segmentation. We observed greater cortical thickness for Val homozygotes in regions supporting declarative memory systems (anterior temporal pole/entorhinal cortex), consistent with adult findings. Met carriers had greater surface area in the prefrontal and parietal cortices and greater cortical thickness in lateral occipital/parietal cortex in contrast to prior adult findings that may relate to performance on cognitive tasks supported by these regions in Met carriers. Finally, we found larger right hippocampal volume in Met carriers, although inconsistent with adult findings (generally reports larger volumes for Val homozygotes), is consistent with a recent finding in children. Gene expression levels vary across different brain regions and across development and our findings highlight the need to consider this developmental change in explorations of BDNF-brain relationships. The impact of the BDNF ValMet polymorphism on the structure of the developing brain therefore reflects regionally-specific developmental changes in BDNF expression and cortical maturation trajectories.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-06-15
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28359883, 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.03.014, PMC5536104, 28359883, 28359883, S0166-4328(16)30644-1
Format: Citation

Title: Factor structure and aetiological architecture of the BRIEF: A twin study..
Creator: Little, Callie W, Taylor, Jeanette, Moltisanti, Allison, Ennis, Chelsea, Hart, Sara A, Schatschneider, Chris
Abstract/Description: Executive function is a broad construct that encompasses various processes involved in goal-directed behaviour in non-routine situations (Banich, 2009). The present study uses a sample of 560 5- to 16-year-old twin pairs (M = 11.14, SD = 2.53): 219 monozygotic twin pairs (114 female; 105 male) and 341 dizygotic twin pairs (136 female, 107 male; 98 opposite sex) to extend prior literature by providing information about the factor structure and the genetic and environmental architecture of the...
Show moreExecutive function is a broad construct that encompasses various processes involved in goal-directed behaviour in non-routine situations (Banich, 2009). The present study uses a sample of 560 5- to 16-year-old twin pairs (M = 11.14, SD = 2.53): 219 monozygotic twin pairs (114 female; 105 male) and 341 dizygotic twin pairs (136 female, 107 male; 98 opposite sex) to extend prior literature by providing information about the factor structure and the genetic and environmental architecture of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF; Gioia et al., 2000, Child Neuropsychol., 6, 235; Gioia et al., 2000, Behavior rating inventory of executive function, Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources), a multifaceted rating scale of everyday executive functions. Phenotypic results revealed a 9-scale, 3-factor model best represents the BRIEF structure within the current sample. Results of the genetically sensitive analyses indicated the presence of rater bias/contrast effects for the Initiate, Working Memory, and Task-Monitor scales. Additive genetic and non-shared environmental influences were present for the Initiate, Plan/Organize, Organization of Materials, Shift, and Monitor and Self-Monitor scales. Influences on Emotional Control were solely environmental. Interestingly, the aetiological architecture observed was similar to that of performance-based measures of executive function. This observed similarity provided additional evidence for the usefulness of the BRIEF as a measure of 'everyday' executive function.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-06-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26351204, 10.1111/jnp.12084, PMC4833672, 26351204, 26351204
Format: Citation

Title: Differential serotonergic modulation across the main and accessory olfactory bulbs.
Creator: Huang, Zhenbo, Thiebaud, Nicolas, Fadool, Debra Ann
Abstract/Description: There are serotonergic projections to both the main (MOB) and the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). Current-clamp experiments demonstrate that serotonergic afferents are largely excitatory for mitral cells (MCs) in the MOB where 5-HT receptors mediate a direct excitatory action. Serotonergic afferents are predominately inhibitory for MCs in the AOB. There are two types of inhibition: indirect inhibition mediated through the 5-HT receptors on GABAergic interneurons and direct inhibition via the...
Show moreThere are serotonergic projections to both the main (MOB) and the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). Current-clamp experiments demonstrate that serotonergic afferents are largely excitatory for mitral cells (MCs) in the MOB where 5-HT receptors mediate a direct excitatory action. Serotonergic afferents are predominately inhibitory for MCs in the AOB. There are two types of inhibition: indirect inhibition mediated through the 5-HT receptors on GABAergic interneurons and direct inhibition via the 5-HT receptors on MCs. Differential 5-HT neuromodulation of MCs across the MOB and AOB could contribute to select behaviours such as olfactory learning or aggression. Mitral cells (MCs) contained in the main (MOB) and accessory (AOB) olfactory bulb have distinct intrinsic membrane properties but the extent of neuromodulation across the two systems has not been widely explored. Herein, we investigated a widely distributed CNS modulator, serotonin (5-HT), for its ability to modulate the biophysical properties of MCs across the MOB and AOB, using an in vitro, brain slice approach in postnatal 15-30 day mice. In the MOB, 5-HT elicited three types of responses in 93% of 180 cells tested. Cells were either directly excited (70%), inhibited (10%) or showed a mixed response (13%)- first inhibition followed by excitation. In the AOB, 82% of 148 cells were inhibited with 18% of cells showing no response. Albeit located in parallel partitions of the olfactory system, 5-HT largely elicited MC excitation in the MOB while it evoked two different kinetic rates of MC inhibition in the AOB. Using a combination of pharmacological agents, we found that the MC excitatory responses in the MOB were mediated by 5-HT receptors through a direct activation. In comparison, 5-HT-evoked inhibitory responses in the AOB arose due to a polysynaptic, slow-onset inhibition attributed to 5-HT receptor activation exciting GABAergic interneurons. The second type of inhibition had a rapid onset as a result of direct inhibition mediated by the 5-HT class of receptors. The distinct serotonergic modulation of MCs between the MOB and AOB could provide a molecular basis for differential chemosensory behaviours driven by the brainstem raphe nuclei into these parallel systems.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-06-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28229459, 10.1113/JP273945, PMC5451723, 28229459, 28229459
Format: Citation

Title: Personality traits and risk of cognitive impairment and dementia.
Creator: Terracciano, Antonio, Stephan, Yannick, Luchetti, Martina, Albanese, Emiliano, Sutin, Angelina R
Abstract/Description: We investigated the association between five factor model personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) and risk of dementia, cognitive impairment not dementia (CIND), and conversion from CIND to dementia in a large national cohort. Participants from the Health and Retirement Study (N > 10,000) completed a personality scale in 2006-2008 and their cognitive status was tracked for up to 8 years using the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive...
Show moreWe investigated the association between five factor model personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) and risk of dementia, cognitive impairment not dementia (CIND), and conversion from CIND to dementia in a large national cohort. Participants from the Health and Retirement Study (N > 10,000) completed a personality scale in 2006-2008 and their cognitive status was tracked for up to 8 years using the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICSm). Adjusting for age, sex, education, race, and ethnicity, lower conscientiousness and agreeableness and higher neuroticism were independently associated with increased risk of dementia. These associations remained significant after adjusting for other risk factors for dementia, including income, wealth, smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and blood biomarkers. These associations were not modified by age, sex, race, ethnicity, and education, suggesting that the associations of personality with risk of dementia were similar across demographic groups. Neuroticism and conscientiousness were also associated with risk of CIND. Low conscientiousness predicted conversion from CIND to dementia. Using brief assessments of personality and cognition, we found robust evidence that personality is associated with risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in a large national sample.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-06-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28153642, 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.01.011, PMC5374012, 28153642, 28153642, S0022-3956(16)30635-5
Format: Citation

Title: Integrin-mediated traction force enhances paxillin molecular associations and adhesion dynamics that increase the invasiveness of tumor cells into a three-dimensional extracellular matrix.
Creator: Mekhdjian, Armen H, Kai, FuiBoon, Rubashkin, Matthew G, Prahl, Louis S, Przybyla, Laralynne M, McGregor, Alexandra L, Bell, Emily S, Barnes, J Matthew, DuFort, Christopher C, Ou...
Show moreMekhdjian, Armen H, Kai, FuiBoon, Rubashkin, Matthew G, Prahl, Louis S, Przybyla, Laralynne M, McGregor, Alexandra L, Bell, Emily S, Barnes, J Matthew, DuFort, Christopher C, Ou, Guanqing, Chang, Alice C, Cassereau, Luke, Tan, Steven J, Pickup, Michael W, Lakins, Jonathan N, Ye, Xin, Davidson, Michael W, Lammerding, Jan, Odde, David J, Dunn, Alexander R, Weaver, Valerie M
Show less
Abstract/Description: Metastasis requires tumor cells to navigate through a stiff stroma and squeeze through confined microenvironments. Whether tumors exploit unique biophysical properties to metastasize remains unclear. Data show that invading mammary tumor cells, when cultured in a stiffened three-dimensional extracellular matrix that recapitulates the primary tumor stroma, adopt a basal-like phenotype. Metastatic tumor cells and basal-like tumor cells exert higher integrin-mediated traction forces at the bulk...
Show moreMetastasis requires tumor cells to navigate through a stiff stroma and squeeze through confined microenvironments. Whether tumors exploit unique biophysical properties to metastasize remains unclear. Data show that invading mammary tumor cells, when cultured in a stiffened three-dimensional extracellular matrix that recapitulates the primary tumor stroma, adopt a basal-like phenotype. Metastatic tumor cells and basal-like tumor cells exert higher integrin-mediated traction forces at the bulk and molecular levels, consistent with a motor-clutch model in which motors and clutches are both increased. Basal-like nonmalignant mammary epithelial cells also display an altered integrin adhesion molecular organization at the nanoscale and recruit a suite of paxillin-associated proteins implicated in invasion and metastasis. Phosphorylation of paxillin by Src family kinases, which regulates adhesion turnover, is similarly enhanced in the metastatic and basal-like tumor cells, fostered by a stiff matrix, and critical for tumor cell invasion in our assays. Bioinformatics reveals an unappreciated relationship between Src kinases, paxillin, and survival of breast cancer patients. Thus adoption of the basal-like adhesion phenotype may favor the recruitment of molecules that facilitate tumor metastasis to integrin-based adhesions. Analysis of the physical properties of tumor cells and integrin adhesion composition in biopsies may be predictive of patient outcome.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-06-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28381423, 10.1091/mbc.E16-09-0654, PMC5449147, 28381423, 28381423, mbc.E16-09-0654
Format: Citation

Title: Comparative effectiveness of dual-action versus single-action antidepressants for the treatment of depression in people living with HIV/AIDS.
Creator: Mills, Jon C, Harman, Jeffrey S, Cook, Robert L, Marlow, Nicole M, Harle, Christopher A, Duncan, R Paul, Bengtson, Angela M, Pence, Brian W
Abstract/Description: Depression is the most common psychiatric comorbidity among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Little is known about the comparative effectiveness between different types of antidepressants used to treat depression in this population. We compared the effectiveness of dual-action and single-action antidepressants in PLWHA for achieving remission from depression. We used data from the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinic Systems to identify 1175 new user dual-action or...
Show moreDepression is the most common psychiatric comorbidity among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Little is known about the comparative effectiveness between different types of antidepressants used to treat depression in this population. We compared the effectiveness of dual-action and single-action antidepressants in PLWHA for achieving remission from depression. We used data from the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinic Systems to identify 1175 new user dual-action or single-action antidepressant treatment episodes occurring from 2005 to 2014 for PLWHA diagnosed with depression. The primary outcome was remission from depression defined as a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score <5. Mean difference in PHQ-9 depressive symptom severity was a secondary outcome. The main approach was an intent-to-treat (ITT) evaluation complemented with a per protocol (PP) sensitivity analysis. Generalized linear models were fitted to estimate treatment effects. In ITT analysis, 32% of the episodes ended in remission for both dual-action and single-action antidepressants. The odds ratio (OR) of remission was 1.02 (95%CI=0.63,1.67). In PP analysis, 40% of dual-action episodes ended in remission compared to 32% in single-action episodes. Dual-action episodes had 1.33 times the odds of remission (95%CI=0.55,3.21), however the result was not statistically significant. Non-significant differences were also observed for depressive symptom severity. Missing data was common but was addressed with inverse probability weights. Results suggest that single-action and dual-action antidepressants are equally effective in PLWHA. Remission was uncommon highlighting the need to identify health service delivery strategies that aid HIV providers in achieving full remission of their patients' depression.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-06-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28340444, 10.1016/j.jad.2017.03.042, PMC5612416, 28340444, 28340444, S0165-0327(16)32306-0
Format: Citation

Title: An Examination of the Role of L-Glutamate and Inosine 5'-Monophosphate in Hedonic Taste-Guided Behavior by Mice Lacking the T1R1 + T1R3 Receptor.
Creator: Blonde, Ginger D, Spector, Alan C
Abstract/Description: The heterodimeric T1R1 + T1R3 receptor is considered critical for normal signaling of L-glutamate and 5'-ribonucleotides in the oral cavity. However, some taste-guided responsiveness remains in mice lacking one subunit of the receptor, suggesting that other receptors are sufficient to support some behaviors. Here, mice lacking both receptor subunits (KO) and wild-type (WT, both n = 13) mice were tested in a battery of behavioral tests. Mice were trained and tested in gustometers with a...
Show moreThe heterodimeric T1R1 + T1R3 receptor is considered critical for normal signaling of L-glutamate and 5'-ribonucleotides in the oral cavity. However, some taste-guided responsiveness remains in mice lacking one subunit of the receptor, suggesting that other receptors are sufficient to support some behaviors. Here, mice lacking both receptor subunits (KO) and wild-type (WT, both n = 13) mice were tested in a battery of behavioral tests. Mice were trained and tested in gustometers with a concentration series of Maltrin-580, a maltodextrin, in a brief-access test (10-s trials) as a positive control. Similar tests followed with monosodium glutamate (MSG) with and without the ribonucleotide inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP), but always in the presence of the epithelial sodium channel blocker amiloride (A). Brief-access tests were repeated following short-term (30-min) and long-term (48-h) exposures to MSG + A + IMP and were also conducted with sodium gluconate replacing MSG. Finally, progressive ratio tests were conducted with Maltrin-580 or MSG + A + IMP, to assess appetitive behavior while minimizing satiation. Overall, MSG generated little concentration-dependent responding in either food-restricted WT or KO mice, even in combination with IMP. However, KO mice licked less to the amino acid stimuli, a measure of consummatory behavior in the brief-access tests. In contrast, both groups initiated a similar number of trials and had a similar breakpoint in the progressive ratio task, both measures of appetitive (approach) behavior. Collectively, these results suggest that while the T1R1 + T1R3 receptor is necessary for consummatory responding to MSG (+IMP), other receptors are sufficient to maintain appetitive responding to this "umami" stimulus complex in food-restricted mice.
Show less
Date Issued: 2017-06-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28334294, 10.1093/chemse/bjx015, PMC6075476, 28334294, 28334294, 3073965
Format: Citation

Florida Learning Disability Research Center (70)	+ -
Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine (42)	+ -
Department of Biomedical Sciences (39)	+ -
Program in Neuroscience (15)	+ -
Department of Geriatrics (14)	+ -

Department of Psychology (14)	+ -
Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences (9)	+ -
Department of Biological Science (8)	+ -
Department of Clinical Sciences (8)	+ -
Florida Center for Reading Research (8)	+ -
Department of Family and Child Sciences (7)	+ -
School of Communication Science and Disorders (6)	+ -
Institute of Molecular Biophysics (5)	+ -
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (4)	+ -
Department of Statistics (4)	+ -
College of Criminology and Criminal Justice (3)	+ -
College of Nursing (3)	+ -
Department of Sociology (3)	+ -
Center for Brain Repair (2)	+ -
College of Social Work (2)	+ -
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (2)	+ -
Department of Family Medicine and Rural Health (2)	+ -
Askew School of Public Administration and Policy (1)	+ -
Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine (1)	+ -
College of Medicine (1)	+ -
Department of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems (1)	+ -
Department of Geography (1)	+ -
Institute of Sports Sciences & Medicine (1)	+ -
Learning Systems Institute (1)	+ -
School of Communication (1)	+ -

Male (193)	+ -
Humans (184)	+ -
Child (71)	+ -
Adult (62)	+ -
Adolescent (50)	+ -

Middle Aged (49)	+ -
Animals (47)	+ -
Child, Preschool (38)	+ -
Reading (37)	+ -
Young Adult (37)	+ -
Aged (31)	+ -
Longitudinal Studies (29)	+ -
Aged, 80 and over (17)	+ -
Mice (17)	+ -
Risk Factors (17)	+ -
Rats (16)	+ -
United States (14)	+ -
Mice, Inbred C57BL (12)	+ -
Phonetics (12)	+ -
Pregnancy (12)	+ -
Sex Characteristics (12)	+ -
Educational Status (11)	+ -
Models, Psychological (11)	+ -
Reproducibility of Results (11)	+ -
Surveys and Questionnaires (11)	+ -
Vocabulary (11)	+ -
Cross-Sectional Studies (10)	+ -
Rats, Sprague-Dawley (10)	+ -
Child Behavior/psychology (9)	+ -

text (220)	+ -
journal article (176)	+ -

Search In

Pages

Pages

Sort Results By:

Narrow results by:

Collection

Topical Subject

Genre

Type of Resource

Language

Creator

Found In

Owner