Search results

Title: How and why weight stigma drives the obesity 'epidemic' and harms health.
Creator: Tomiyama, A Janet, Carr, Deborah, Granberg, Ellen M, Major, Brenda, Robinson, Eric, Sutin, Angelina R, Brewis, Alexandra
Abstract/Description: In an era when obesity prevalence is high throughout much of the world, there is a correspondingly pervasive and strong culture of weight stigma. For example, representative studies show that some forms of weight discrimination are more prevalent even than discrimination based on race or ethnicity. In this Opinion article, we review compelling evidence that weight stigma is harmful to health, over and above objective body mass index. Weight stigma is prospectively related to heightened...
Show moreIn an era when obesity prevalence is high throughout much of the world, there is a correspondingly pervasive and strong culture of weight stigma. For example, representative studies show that some forms of weight discrimination are more prevalent even than discrimination based on race or ethnicity. In this Opinion article, we review compelling evidence that weight stigma is harmful to health, over and above objective body mass index. Weight stigma is prospectively related to heightened mortality and other chronic diseases and conditions. Most ironically, it actually begets heightened risk of obesity through multiple obesogenic pathways. Weight stigma is particularly prevalent and detrimental in healthcare settings, with documented high levels of 'anti-fat' bias in healthcare providers, patients with obesity receiving poorer care and having worse outcomes, and medical students with obesity reporting high levels of alcohol and substance use to cope with internalized weight stigma. In terms of solutions, the most effective and ethical approaches should be aimed at changing the behaviors and attitudes of those who stigmatize, rather than towards the targets of weight stigma. Medical training must address weight bias, training healthcare professionals about how it is perpetuated and on its potentially harmful effects on their patients. Weight stigma is likely to drive weight gain and poor health and thus should be eradicated. This effort can begin by training compassionate and knowledgeable healthcare providers who will deliver better care and ultimately lessen the negative effects of weight stigma.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-15
Identifier: FSU_pmch_30107800, 10.1186/s12916-018-1116-5, PMC6092785, 30107800, 30107800, 10.1186/s12916-018-1116-5
Format: Citation

Title: Loss of SETDB1 decompacts the inactive X chromosome in part through reactivation of an enhancer in the IL1RAPL1 gene.
Creator: Sun, Zhuo, Chadwick, Brian P
Abstract/Description: The product of dosage compensation in female mammals is the inactive X chromosome (Xi). Xi facultative heterochromatin is organized into two different types, one of which is defined by histone H3 trimethylated at lysine 9 (H3K9me3). The rationale for this study was to assess SET domain bifurcated 1 (SETDB1) as a candidate for maintaining this repressive modification at the human Xi. Here, we show that loss of SETDB1 does not result in large-scale H3K9me3 changes at the Xi, but unexpectedly we...
Show moreThe product of dosage compensation in female mammals is the inactive X chromosome (Xi). Xi facultative heterochromatin is organized into two different types, one of which is defined by histone H3 trimethylated at lysine 9 (H3K9me3). The rationale for this study was to assess SET domain bifurcated 1 (SETDB1) as a candidate for maintaining this repressive modification at the human Xi. Here, we show that loss of SETDB1 does not result in large-scale H3K9me3 changes at the Xi, but unexpectedly we observed striking decompaction of the Xi territory. Close examination revealed a 0.5 Mb region of the Xi that transitioned from H3K9me3 heterochromatin to euchromatin within the 3' end of the IL1RAPL1 gene that is part of a common chromosome fragile site that is frequently deleted or rearranged in patients afflicted with intellectual disability and other neurological ailments. Centrally located within this interval is a powerful enhancer adjacent to an ERVL-MaLR element. In the absence of SETDB1, the enhancer is reactivated on the Xi coupled with bidirectional transcription from the ERVL-MaLR element. Xa deletion of the enhancer/ERVL-MaLR resulted in loss of full-length IL1RAPL1 transcript in cis, coupled with trans decompaction of the Xi chromosome territory, whereas Xi deletion increased detection of full-length IL1RAPL1 transcript in trans, but did not impact Xi compaction. These data support a critical role for SETDB1 in maintaining the ERVL-MaLR element and adjacent enhancer in the 3' end of the IL1RAPL1 gene in a silent state to facilitate Xi compaction.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-13
Identifier: FSU_pmch_30103804, 10.1186/s13072-018-0218-9, PMC6088404, 30103804, 30103804, 10.1186/s13072-018-0218-9
Format: Citation

Title: Characteristics and outcomes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients with leptomeningeal metastases.
Creator: Meng, Xiangrui, Yu, Jingwei, Fan, Qian, Li, Lanfang, Li, Wei, Song, Zheng, Liu, Xianming, Jiang, Yanyang, Gao, Ming, Zhang, Huilai
Abstract/Description: Leptomeningeal metastasis is an uncommon but devastating complication. The incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has been increasing in recent decades, due to the poor central nervous system penetration of drugs and the prolonged overall survival of patients, leptomeningeal metastases has gradually increased over time. Patients with leptomeningeal metastases have short survival durations and poor quality of life; there are few studies about non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with leptomeningeal metastases....
Show moreLeptomeningeal metastasis is an uncommon but devastating complication. The incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has been increasing in recent decades, due to the poor central nervous system penetration of drugs and the prolonged overall survival of patients, leptomeningeal metastases has gradually increased over time. Patients with leptomeningeal metastases have short survival durations and poor quality of life; there are few studies about non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with leptomeningeal metastases. We investigated characteristics and outcomes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients with leptomeningeal metastases. This study included 27 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients with leptomeningeal metastases diagnosed at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital between 2013 and 2016. Statistical analysis was performed to investigate the overall survival of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with leptomeningeal metastases. Diffuse large B cell lymphoma was the most common cancer subtype (21/27, 78%), and more than half of the patients showed extranodal involvement (18/27, 67%). Survival analysis has shown extranodal involvement (P = 0.0205), International Prognostic Index (P = 0.0112), performance status (P < 0.0001), parenchymal involvement (P = 0.0330) and received radiotherapy (P = 0.0056) were predictive factors of prognosis for these patients with leptomeningeal metastases. Cox regression analysis has shown patients with concurrent parenchymal involvement and received radiotherapy are correlated with good prognosis. Given the small number of patients who were included, this study exhibited limitations with respect to analytical power and the random selection of patients. Nevertheless, this investigation revealed characteristics of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients with leptomeningeal metastases and suggested that such patients could benefit from multimodal therapy.
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Date Issued: 2018-08-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29558001, 10.1007/s10147-018-1268-5, PMC6097078, 29558001, 29558001, 10.1007/s10147-018-1268-5
Format: Citation

Title: The Application of Dynamic Models to the Exploration of -AR Overactivation as a Cause of Heart Failure.
Creator: Wang, Xiaoyun, Zhao, Min, Wang, Xiaoqiang, Li, Shuping, Cao, Ning, Liu, Huirong
Abstract/Description: High titer of -adrenoreceptor autoantibodies (-AA) has been reported to appear in heart failure patients. It induces sustained -adrenergic receptor (-AR) activation which leads to heart failure (HF), but the mechanism is as yet unclear. In order to investigate the mechanisms causing -AR non-desensitization, we studied the beating frequency of the neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) under different conditions (an injection of isoprenaline (ISO) for one group and -AA for the other) and...
Show moreHigh titer of -adrenoreceptor autoantibodies (-AA) has been reported to appear in heart failure patients. It induces sustained -adrenergic receptor (-AR) activation which leads to heart failure (HF), but the mechanism is as yet unclear. In order to investigate the mechanisms causing -AR non-desensitization, we studied the beating frequency of the neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) under different conditions (an injection of isoprenaline (ISO) for one group and -AA for the other) and established three dynamic models in order to best describe the true relationships shown in medical experiments; one model used a control group of healthy rats; then in HF rats one focused on conformation changes in -AR; the other examined interaction between -AR and -adrenergic receptors (-AR). Comparing the experimental data and corresponding Akaike information criterion (AIC) values, we concluded that the interaction model was the most likely mechanism. We used mathematical methods to explore the mechanism for the development of heart failure and to find potential targets for prevention and treatment. The aim of the paper was to provide a strong theoretical basis for the clinical development of personalized treatment programs. We also carried out sensitivity analysis of the initial concentration -AA and found that they had a noticeable effect on the fitting results.
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Date Issued: 2018-07-30
Identifier: FSU_pmch_30154911, 10.1155/2018/1613290, PMC6091447, 30154911, 30154911
Format: Citation

Title: Opinion: Offshore aquaculture in the United States.
Creator: Lester, Sarah E, Gentry, Rebecca R, Kappel, Carrie V, White, Crow, Gaines, Steven D
Date Issued: 2018-07-10
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29991573, 10.1073/pnas.1808737115, PMC6048495, 29991573, 29991573, 1808737115
Format: Citation

Title: Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions..
Creator: Schoenfelder, Stefan, Javierre, Biola-Maria, Furlan-Magaril, Mayra, Wingett, Steven W, Fraser, Peter
Abstract/Description: The three-dimensional organization of the genome is linked to its function. For example, regulatory elements such as transcriptional enhancers control the spatio-temporal expression of their target genes through physical contact, often bridging considerable (in some cases hundreds of kilobases) genomic distances and bypassing nearby genes. The human genome harbors an estimated one million enhancers, the vast majority of which have unknown gene targets. Assigning distal regulatory regions to...
Show moreThe three-dimensional organization of the genome is linked to its function. For example, regulatory elements such as transcriptional enhancers control the spatio-temporal expression of their target genes through physical contact, often bridging considerable (in some cases hundreds of kilobases) genomic distances and bypassing nearby genes. The human genome harbors an estimated one million enhancers, the vast majority of which have unknown gene targets. Assigning distal regulatory regions to their target genes is thus crucial to understand gene expression control. We developed Promoter Capture Hi-C (PCHi-C) to enable the genome-wide detection of distal promoter-interacting regions (PIRs), for all promoters in a single experiment. In PCHi-C, highly complex Hi-C libraries are specifically enriched for promoter sequences through in-solution hybrid selection with thousands of biotinylated RNA baits complementary to the ends of all promoter-containing restriction fragments. The aim is to then pull-down promoter sequences and their frequent interaction partners such as enhancers and other potential regulatory elements. After high-throughput paired-end sequencing, a statistical test is applied to each promoter-ligated restriction fragment to identify significant PIRs at the restriction fragment level. We have used PCHi-C to generate an atlas of long-range promoter interactions in dozens of human and mouse cell types. These promoter interactome maps have contributed to a greater understanding of mammalian gene expression control by assigning putative regulatory regions to their target genes and revealing preferential spatial promoter-promoter interaction networks. This information also has high relevance to understanding human genetic disease and the identification of potential disease genes, by linking non-coding disease-associated sequence variants in or near control sequences to their target genes.
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Date Issued: 2018-06-28
Identifier: FSU_pmch_30010637, 10.3791/57320, PMC6102006, 30010637, 30010637
Format: Citation

Title: Looking behind the score: Skill structure explains sex differences in skilled video game performance..
Creator: Harwell, Kyle W, Boot, Walter R, Ericsson, K Anders
Abstract/Description: Some have explained large sex differences in visuospatial abilities by genetic adaptations to different roles in primitive hunter-gatherer societies and the interaction of innate biological differences and environmental factors. We explored the extent to which variations in behavior and acquired skills can provide alternative accounts for sex differences in the performance of a complex spatially-demanding video game (Space Fortress). Men and women with limited video game experience were given...
Show moreSome have explained large sex differences in visuospatial abilities by genetic adaptations to different roles in primitive hunter-gatherer societies and the interaction of innate biological differences and environmental factors. We explored the extent to which variations in behavior and acquired skills can provide alternative accounts for sex differences in the performance of a complex spatially-demanding video game (Space Fortress). Men and women with limited video game experience were given 30 hours of training, and latent curve analyses examined the development of their ship control performance and behavior. Men had significantly better control performance than women before and after training, but differences diminished substantially over the training period. An analysis of participants' joystick behaviors revealed that initially men and women relied on different patterns of control behaviors, but changes in these behaviors over time accounted for the reduced sex differences in performance. When we controlled for these differences in behavior, sex effects after training were no longer significant. Finally, examining the development of control performance and control behaviors of men and women categorized as initially high and low performers revealed the lower-performing women may have been controlling their ship using an approach that was very different from the men and higher-performing women. The potential problems of analyzing men and women's spatial performance as homogenous groups are discussed, as well as how these issues may account for sex differences in skilled video game performance and perhaps other domains involving spatial abilities.
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Date Issued: 2018-05-30
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29847565, 10.1371/journal.pone.0197311, PMC5976164, 29847565, 29847565, PONE-D-17-30687
Format: Citation

Title: MicroRNA‑22 inhibits the proliferation and migration, and increases the cisplatin sensitivity, of osteosarcoma cells.
Creator: Zhou, Xiang, Natino, Dimple, Zhai, Xu, Gao, Zhongyang, He, Xijing
Abstract/Description: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the major type of primary bone tumor and is associated with a poor prognosis due to chemotherapy resistance. Accumulating evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) may influence the tumor progression of OS and cell sensitivity to chemotherapy. In the present study, a total of 7 patients with OS and 7 healthy volunteers were recruited. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and ELISA were performed to determine the expression of miRNAs and mRNAs...
Show moreOsteosarcoma (OS) is the major type of primary bone tumor and is associated with a poor prognosis due to chemotherapy resistance. Accumulating evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) may influence the tumor progression of OS and cell sensitivity to chemotherapy. In the present study, a total of 7 patients with OS and 7 healthy volunteers were recruited. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and ELISA were performed to determine the expression of miRNAs and mRNAs in the serum of participants. Furthermore, the biological function of miR‑22 and S100A11 was examined in MG‑63 cells using Cell Counting Kit‑8 assays, Transwell migration assays and western blot analysis to determine the effects on cell proliferation, migration and protein expression, respectively, while MG‑63 cell sensitivity to cisplatin was assessed by measuring cell viability following cisplatin treatment and calculating the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). Additionally, the association between miR‑22 and S100 calcium‑binding protein A11 (S100A11) was validated using a luciferase reporter assay. The results demonstrated that miR‑22 expression was significantly reduced in patients with OS and the MG‑63 OS cell line, compared with healthy volunteers and the normal osteoblast hFOB 1.19 cell line, respectively, while the expression of S100A11 was negatively associated with miR‑22 levels in the MG‑63 cell line. Furthermore, overexpression of miR‑22 inhibited the proliferation and migratory ability of MG‑63 cells, and increased the sensitivity of MG‑63 cells to cisplatin treatment; however, overexpression of S100A11 partially attenuated the alterations in proliferation, migratory ability and chemosensitivity that were induced by miR‑22 overexpression. In addition, it was confirmed that S100A11 is a direct target gene of miR‑22 in MG‑63 cells. In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate that miR‑22 may be a promising therapeutic target and may have potential as part of a combination treatment alongside chemotherapeutic agents for OS.
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Date Issued: 2018-05-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29568877, 10.3892/mmr.2018.8790, PMC5928679, 29568877, 29568877
Format: Citation

Title: NADPH Oxidases and Mitochondria in Vascular Senescence.
Creator: Salazar, Gloria
Abstract/Description: Aging is the major risk factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and myocardial infarction. Oxidative stress caused by overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or by reduced expression of antioxidant enzymes is a major contributor to the progression of vascular senescence, pathologic remodeling of the vascular wall, and disease. Both oxidative stress and inflammation promote the development of senescence, a process by...
Show moreAging is the major risk factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and myocardial infarction. Oxidative stress caused by overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or by reduced expression of antioxidant enzymes is a major contributor to the progression of vascular senescence, pathologic remodeling of the vascular wall, and disease. Both oxidative stress and inflammation promote the development of senescence, a process by which cells stop proliferating and become dysfunctional. This review focuses on the role of the mitochondria and the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases Nox1 and Nox4 in vascular senescence, and their contribution to the development of atherosclerosis. Recent findings are reviewed, supporting a critical role of the mitochondrial regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), the inflammatory gene nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), zinc, the zinc transporters (ZnTs) ZnT3 and ZnT10, and angiotensin II (Ang II) in mitochondrial function, and their role in telomere stability, which provides new mechanistic insights into a previously proposed unified theory of aging.
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Date Issued: 2018-04-29
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29710840, 10.3390/ijms19051327, PMC5983750, 29710840, 29710840, ijms19051327
Format: Citation

Title: Oxidative Stress in Muscle Diseases: Current and Future Therapy..
Creator: Serra, Andrey Jorge, Prokić, Marko D, Vasconsuelo, Andrea, Pinto, José Renato
Date Issued: 2018-04-26
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29854088, 10.1155/2018/6439138, PMC5944258, 29854088, 29854088
Format: Citation

Title: 14-3-3 Proteins in Glutamatergic Synapses.
Creator: Zhang, Jiajing, Zhou, Yi
Abstract/Description: The 14-3-3 proteins are a family of proteins that are highly expressed in the brain and particularly enriched at synapses. Evidence accumulated in the last two decades has implicated 14-3-3 proteins as an important regulator of synaptic transmission and plasticity. Here, we will review previous and more recent research that has helped us understand the roles of 14-3-3 proteins at glutamatergic synapses. A key challenge for the future is to delineate the 14-3-3-dependent molecular pathways...
Show moreThe 14-3-3 proteins are a family of proteins that are highly expressed in the brain and particularly enriched at synapses. Evidence accumulated in the last two decades has implicated 14-3-3 proteins as an important regulator of synaptic transmission and plasticity. Here, we will review previous and more recent research that has helped us understand the roles of 14-3-3 proteins at glutamatergic synapses. A key challenge for the future is to delineate the 14-3-3-dependent molecular pathways involved in regulating synaptic functions.
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Date Issued: 2018-04-23
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29849571, 10.1155/2018/8407609, PMC5937437, 29849571, 29849571
Format: Citation

Title: Mechanistic Origins of Enzyme Activation in Human Glucokinase Variants Associated with Congenital Hyperinsulinism.
Creator: Sternisha, Shawn M, Liu, Peilu, Marshall, Alan G, Miller, Brian G
Abstract/Description: Human glucokinase (GCK) acts as the body's primary glucose sensor and plays a critical role in glucose homeostatic maintenance. Gain-of-function mutations in gck produce hyperactive enzyme variants that cause congenital hyperinsulinism. Prior biochemical and biophysical studies suggest that activated disease variants can be segregated into two mechanistically distinct classes, termed α-type and β-type. Steady-state viscosity variation studies indicate that the k values of wild-type GCK and an...
Show moreHuman glucokinase (GCK) acts as the body's primary glucose sensor and plays a critical role in glucose homeostatic maintenance. Gain-of-function mutations in gck produce hyperactive enzyme variants that cause congenital hyperinsulinism. Prior biochemical and biophysical studies suggest that activated disease variants can be segregated into two mechanistically distinct classes, termed α-type and β-type. Steady-state viscosity variation studies indicate that the k values of wild-type GCK and an α-type variant are partially diffusion-limited, whereas the k value of a β-type variant is viscosity-independent. Transient-state chemical quench-flow analyses demonstrate that wild-type GCK and the α-type variant display burst kinetics, whereas the β-type variant lacks a burst phase. Comparative hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry of unliganded enzymes demonstrates that a disordered active site loop, which folds upon binding of glucose, is protected from exchange in the α-type variant. The α-type variant also displays an increased level of exchange within a β-strand located near the enzyme's hinge region, which becomes more solvent-exposed upon glucose binding. In contrast, β-type activation causes no substantial difference in global or local exchange relative to that of unliganded, wild-type GCK. Together, these results demonstrate that α-type activation results from a shift in the conformational ensemble of unliganded GCK toward a state resembling the glucose-bound conformation, whereas β-type activation is attributable to an accelerated rate of product release. This work elucidates the molecular basis of naturally occurring, activated GCK disease variants and provides insight into the structural and dynamic origins of GCK's unique kinetic cooperativity.
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Date Issued: 2018-03-13
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29425029, 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00022, PMC5849571, 29425029, 29425029
Format: Citation

Title: Potential effects of severe bilateral amygdala damage on psychopathic personality features: A case report..
Creator: Lilienfeld, Scott O, Sauvigné, Katheryn C, Reber, Justin, Watts, Ashley L, Hamann, Stephan, Smith, Sarah Francis, Patrick, Christopher J, Bowes, Shauna M, Tranel, Daniel
Abstract/Description: The fearlessness model posits that psychopathy is underpinned by a deficiency in the capacity to experience fear, predisposing to other features of the condition, such as superficial charm, guiltlessness, callousness, narcissism, and dishonesty. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether fearlessness is irrelevant, necessary, sufficient, or merely contributory to psychopathy. In the present case study, we sought to examine the fearlessness model by studying an extensively investigated female patient...
Show moreThe fearlessness model posits that psychopathy is underpinned by a deficiency in the capacity to experience fear, predisposing to other features of the condition, such as superficial charm, guiltlessness, callousness, narcissism, and dishonesty. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether fearlessness is irrelevant, necessary, sufficient, or merely contributory to psychopathy. In the present case study, we sought to examine the fearlessness model by studying an extensively investigated female patient-S. M.-who experienced early emerging bilateral calcifications of the amygdala, resulting in a virtual absence of fear. We aimed to replicate findings regarding S. M.'s deficient experience of self-reported fear and examine her levels of triarchic psychopathy dimensions (boldness, meanness, disinhibition). We also examined S. M.'s history of heroic behaviors given conjectures that fearlessness contributes to both heroism and psychopathy. Compared with population-based norms, S. M. reported deficient levels of self-reported fear and self-control, as well as elevated levels of heroism. She did not, however, exhibit elevated levels of the core affective deficits of psychopathy, as reflected in measures of coldheartedness and meanness. These findings suggest that severe fear deficits may be insufficient to yield the full clinical picture of psychopathy, although they do not preclude the possibility that these deficits are necessary. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Date Issued: 2018-03-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27936839, 10.1037/per0000230, PMC5665719, 27936839, 27936839, 2016-59617-001
Format: Citation

Title: Early temperamental fearfulness and the developmental trajectory of error-related brain activity.
Creator: Meyer, Alexandria, Hajcak, Greg, Torpey-Newman, Dana, Kujawa, Autumn, Olino, Thomas M, Dyson, Margaret, Klein, Daniel N
Abstract/Description: The error-related negativity (ERN) is a negative deflection in the event-related potential waveform that occurs when an individual makes a mistake, and an increased ERN has been proposed as a biomarker for anxiety. However, previous work suggests that fearful children are characterized by a smaller ERN. We have proposed that this may reflect the changing phenomenology of anxiety across development. In the current study, we investigate this possibility using a longitudinal within-subject...
Show moreThe error-related negativity (ERN) is a negative deflection in the event-related potential waveform that occurs when an individual makes a mistake, and an increased ERN has been proposed as a biomarker for anxiety. However, previous work suggests that fearful children are characterized by a smaller ERN. We have proposed that this may reflect the changing phenomenology of anxiety across development. In the current study, we investigate this possibility using a longitudinal within-subject design. In 271 children, we completed observational measures of fear when the children were 3 years old, and then measured the ERN when the children were 6 and 9 years old. Fearful children were characterized by a decreased ERN when they were 6-year-old; by age 9, the same children who were fearful at age 3 had increased ERNs-a pattern that closely resembles that of anxious adolescents and adults.
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Date Issued: 2018-03-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29344944, 10.1002/dev.21605, PMC5815917, 29344944, 29344944
Format: Citation

Title: Researchers' participation in and motivations for engaging with research information management systems.
Creator: Stvilia, Besiki, Wu, Shuheng, Lee, Dong Joon
Abstract/Description: This article examined how researchers participated in research information management systems (RIMSs), their motivations for participation, and their priorities for those motivations. Profile maintenance, question-answering, and endorsement activities were used to define three cumulatively increasing levels of participation: Readers, Record Managers, and Community Members. Junior researchers were more engaged in RIMSs than were senior researchers. Postdocs had significantly higher odds of...
Show moreThis article examined how researchers participated in research information management systems (RIMSs), their motivations for participation, and their priorities for those motivations. Profile maintenance, question-answering, and endorsement activities were used to define three cumulatively increasing levels of participation: Readers, Record Managers, and Community Members. Junior researchers were more engaged in RIMSs than were senior researchers. Postdocs had significantly higher odds of endorsing other researchers for skills and being categorized as Community Members than did full and associate professors. Assistant professors were significantly more likely to be Record Managers than were members of any other seniority categories. Finally, researchers from the life sciences showed a significantly higher propensity for being Community Members than Readers and Record Managers when compared with researchers from engineering and the physical sciences, respectively. When performing activities, researchers were motivated by the desire to share scholarship, feel competent, experience a sense of enjoyment, improve their status, and build ties with other members of the community. Moreover, when researchers performed activities that directly benefited other members of a RIMS, they assigned higher priorities to intrinsic motivations, such as perceived self-efficacy, enjoyment, and building community ties. Researchers at different stages of their academic careers and disciplines ranked some of the motivations for engaging with RIMSs differently. The general model of research participation in RIMSs; the relationships among RIMS activities; the motivation scales for activities; and the activity, seniority, and discipline-specific priorities for the motivations developed by this study provide the foundation for a framework for researcher participation in RIMSs. This framework can be used by RIMSs and institutional repositories to develop tools and design mechanisms to increase researchers' engagement in RIMSs.
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Date Issued: 2018-02-23
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29474438, 10.1371/journal.pone.0193459, PMC5825153, 29474438, 29474438, PONE-D-17-30486
Format: Citation

Title: Tetraspanin CD63 Bridges Autophagic and Endosomal Processes To Regulate Exosomal Secretion and Intracellular Signaling of Epstein-Barr Virus LMP1.
Creator: Hurwitz, Stephanie N, Cheerathodi, Mujeeb R, Nkosi, Dingani, York, Sara B, Meckes, David G
Abstract/Description: The tetraspanin protein CD63 has been recently described as a key factor in extracellular vesicle (EV) production and endosomal cargo sorting. In the context of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, CD63 is required for the efficient packaging of the major viral oncoprotein latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) into exosomes and other EV populations and acts as a negative regulator of LMP1 intracellular signaling. Accumulating evidence has also pointed to intersections of the endosomal and autophagy...
Show moreThe tetraspanin protein CD63 has been recently described as a key factor in extracellular vesicle (EV) production and endosomal cargo sorting. In the context of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, CD63 is required for the efficient packaging of the major viral oncoprotein latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) into exosomes and other EV populations and acts as a negative regulator of LMP1 intracellular signaling. Accumulating evidence has also pointed to intersections of the endosomal and autophagy pathways in maintaining cellular secretory processes and as sites for viral assembly and replication. Indeed, LMP1 can activate the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway to suppress host cell autophagy and facilitate cell growth and proliferation. Despite the growing recognition of cross talk between endosomes and autophagosomes and its relevance to viral infection, little is understood about the molecular mechanisms governing endosomal and autophagy convergence. Here, we demonstrate that CD63-dependent vesicle protein secretion directly opposes intracellular signaling activation downstream of LMP1, including mTOR-associated proteins. Conversely, disruption of normal autolysosomal processes increases LMP1 secretion and dampens signal transduction by the viral protein. Increases in mTOR activation following CD63 knockout are coincident with the development of serum-dependent autophagic vacuoles that are acidified in the presence of high LMP1 levels. Altogether, these findings suggest a key role of CD63 in regulating the interactions between endosomal and autophagy processes and limiting cellular signaling activity in both noninfected and virally infected cells. The close connection between extracellular vesicles and viruses is becoming rapidly and more widely appreciated. EBV, a human gamma herpesvirus that contributes to the progression of a multitude of lymphomas and carcinomas in immunocompromised or genetically susceptible populations, packages its major oncoprotein, LMP1, into vesicles for secretion. We have recently described a role of the host cell protein CD63 in regulating intracellular signaling of the viral oncoprotein by shuttling LMP1 into exosomes. Here, we provide strong evidence of the utility of CD63-dependent EVs in regulating global intracellular signaling, including mTOR activation by LMP1. We also demonstrate a key role of CD63 in coordinating endosomal and autophagic processes to regulate LMP1 levels within the cell. Overall, this study offers new insights into the complex intersection of cellular secretory and degradative mechanisms and the implications of these processes in viral replication.
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Date Issued: 2018-02-12
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29212935, 10.1128/JVI.01969-17, PMC5809724, 29212935, 29212935, JVI.01969-17
Format: Citation

Title: A genetic variant brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) polymorphism interacts with hostile parenting to predict error-related brain activity and thereby risk for internalizing disorders in children.
Creator: Meyer, Alexandria, Hajcak, Greg, Hayden, Elizabeth, Sheikh, Haroon I, Singh, Shiva M, Klein, Daniel N
Abstract/Description: The error-related negativity (ERN) is a negative deflection in the event-related potential occurring when individuals make mistakes, and is increased in children with internalizing psychopathology. We recently found that harsh parenting predicts a larger ERN in children, and recent work has suggested that variation in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene may moderate the impact of early life adversity. Parents and children completed measures of parenting when children were 3...
Show moreThe error-related negativity (ERN) is a negative deflection in the event-related potential occurring when individuals make mistakes, and is increased in children with internalizing psychopathology. We recently found that harsh parenting predicts a larger ERN in children, and recent work has suggested that variation in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene may moderate the impact of early life adversity. Parents and children completed measures of parenting when children were 3 years old (N = 201); 3 years later, the ERN was measured and diagnostic interviews as well as dimensional symptom measures were completed. We found that harsh parenting predicted an increased ERN only among children with a methionine allele of the BDNF genotype, and evidence of moderated mediation: the ERN mediated the relationship between parenting and internalizing diagnoses and dimensional symptoms only if children had a methionine allele. We tested this model with externalizing disorders, and found that harsh parenting predicted externalizing outcomes, but the ERN did not mediate this association. These findings suggest that harsh parenting predicts both externalizing and internalizing outcomes in children; however, this occurs through different pathways that uniquely implicate error-related brain activity in the development of internalizing disorders.
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Date Issued: 2018-02-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28427482, 10.1017/S0954579417000517, PMC5752624, 28427482, 28427482, S0954579417000517
Format: Citation

Title: Controversies on lung cancers manifesting as part-solid nodules.
Creator: Yip, Rowena, Li, Kunwei, Liu, Li, Xu, Dongming, Tam, Kathleen, Yankelevitz, David F, Taioli, Emanuela, Becker, Betsy, Henschke, Claudia I
Abstract/Description: Summarise survival of patients with resected lung cancers manifesting as part-solid nodules (PSNs). PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for all studies/clinical trials on CT-detected lung cancer in English before 21 December 2015 to identify surgically resected lung cancers manifesting as PSNs. Outcome measures were lung cancer-specific survival (LCS), overall survival (OS), or disease-free survival (DFS). All PSNs were classified by the percentage of solid component to the...
Show moreSummarise survival of patients with resected lung cancers manifesting as part-solid nodules (PSNs). PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for all studies/clinical trials on CT-detected lung cancer in English before 21 December 2015 to identify surgically resected lung cancers manifesting as PSNs. Outcome measures were lung cancer-specific survival (LCS), overall survival (OS), or disease-free survival (DFS). All PSNs were classified by the percentage of solid component to the entire nodule diameter into category PSNs <80% or category PSNs ≥80%. Twenty studies reported on PSNs <80%: 7 reported DFS and 2 OS of 100%, 6 DFS 96.3-98.7%, and 11 OS 94.7-98.9% (median DFS 100% and OS 97.5%). Twenty-seven studies reported on PSNs ≥80%: 1 DFS and 2 OS of 100%, 19 DFS 48.0%-98.0% (median 82.6%), and 16 reported OS 43.0%-98.0% (median DFS 82.6%, OS 85.5%). Both DFS and OS were always higher for PSNs <80%. A clear definition of the upper limit of solid component of a PSN is needed to avoid misclassification because cell-types and outcomes are different for PSN and solid nodules. The workup should be based on the size of the solid component. • Lung cancers manifesting as PSNs are slow growing with high cure rates. • Upper limits of the solid component are important for correct interpretation. • Consensus definition is important for the management of PSNs. • Median disease-free-survival (DFS) increased with decreasing size of the nodule.
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Date Issued: 2018-02-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28835992, 10.1007/s00330-017-4975-9, PMC5996385, 28835992, 28835992, 10.1007/s00330-017-4975-9
Format: Citation

Title: The time has come for dimensional personality disorder diagnosis.
Creator: Hopwood, Christopher J, Kotov, Roman, Krueger, Robert F, Watson, David, Widiger, Thomas A, Althoff, Robert R, Ansell, Emily B, Bach, Bo, Michael Bagby, R, Blais, Mark A,...
Show moreHopwood, Christopher J, Kotov, Roman, Krueger, Robert F, Watson, David, Widiger, Thomas A, Althoff, Robert R, Ansell, Emily B, Bach, Bo, Michael Bagby, R, Blais, Mark A, Bornovalova, Marina A, Chmielewski, Michael, Cicero, David C, Conway, Christopher, De Clercq, Barbara, De Fruyt, Filip, Docherty, Anna R, Eaton, Nicholas R, Edens, John F, Forbes, Miriam K, Forbush, Kelsie T, Hengartner, Michael P, Ivanova, Masha Y, Leising, Daniel, John Livesley, W, Lukowitsky, Mark R, Lynam, Donald R, Markon, Kristian E, Miller, Joshua D, Morey, Leslie C, Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N, Hans Ormel, J, Patrick, Christopher J, Pincus, Aaron L, Ruggero, Camilo, Samuel, Douglas B, Sellbom, Martin, Slade, Tim, Tackett, Jennifer L, Thomas, Katherine M, Trull, Timothy J, Vachon, David D, Waldman, Irwin D, Waszczuk, Monika A, Waugh, Mark H, Wright, Aidan G C, Yalch, Mathew M, Zald, David H, Zimmermann, Johannes
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Date Issued: 2018-02-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29226598, 10.1002/pmh.1408, PMC5811364, 29226598, 29226598
Format: Citation

Title: Neural preservation underlies speech improvement from auditory deprivation in young cochlear implant recipients.
Creator: Feng, Gangyi, Ingvalson, Erin M, Grieco-Calub, Tina M, Roberts, Megan Y, Ryan, Maura E, Birmingham, Patrick, Burrowes, Delilah, Young, Nancy M, Wong, Patrick C M
Abstract/Description: Although cochlear implantation enables some children to attain age-appropriate speech and language development, communicative delays persist in others, and outcomes are quite variable and difficult to predict, even for children implanted early in life. To understand the neurobiological basis of this variability, we used presurgical neural morphological data obtained from MRI of individual pediatric cochlear implant (CI) candidates implanted younger than 3.5 years to predict variability of...
Show moreAlthough cochlear implantation enables some children to attain age-appropriate speech and language development, communicative delays persist in others, and outcomes are quite variable and difficult to predict, even for children implanted early in life. To understand the neurobiological basis of this variability, we used presurgical neural morphological data obtained from MRI of individual pediatric cochlear implant (CI) candidates implanted younger than 3.5 years to predict variability of their speech-perception improvement after surgery. We first compared neuroanatomical density and spatial pattern similarity of CI candidates to that of age-matched children with normal hearing, which allowed us to detail neuroanatomical networks that were either affected or unaffected by auditory deprivation. This information enables us to build machine-learning models to predict the individual children's speech development following CI. We found that regions of the brain that were unaffected by auditory deprivation, in particular the auditory association and cognitive brain regions, produced the highest accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity in patient classification and the most precise prediction results. These findings suggest that brain areas unaffected by auditory deprivation are critical to developing closer to typical speech outcomes. Moreover, the findings suggest that determination of the type of neural reorganization caused by auditory deprivation before implantation is valuable for predicting post-CI language outcomes for young children.
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Date Issued: 2018-01-30
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29339512, 10.1073/pnas.1717603115, PMC5798370, 29339512, 29339512, 1717603115
Format: Citation

Title: Utilizing Dietary Micronutrient Ratios in Nutritional Research May be More Informative than Focusing on Single Nutrients.
Creator: Kelly, Owen J, Gilman, Jennifer C, Ilich, Jasminka Z
Abstract/Description: The 2015 US dietary guidelines advise the importance of good dietary patterns for health, which includes all nutrients. Micronutrients are rarely, if ever, consumed separately, they are not tissue specific in their actions and at the molecular level they are multitaskers. Metabolism functions within a seemingly random cellular milieu however ratios are important, for example, the ratio of adenosine triphosphate to adenosine monophosphate, or oxidized to reduced glutathione. Health status is...
Show moreThe 2015 US dietary guidelines advise the importance of good dietary patterns for health, which includes all nutrients. Micronutrients are rarely, if ever, consumed separately, they are not tissue specific in their actions and at the molecular level they are multitaskers. Metabolism functions within a seemingly random cellular milieu however ratios are important, for example, the ratio of adenosine triphosphate to adenosine monophosphate, or oxidized to reduced glutathione. Health status is determined by simple ratios, such as the waist hip ratio, or ratio of fat mass to lean mass. Some nutrient ratios exist and remain controversial such as the omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio and the sodium/potassium ratio. Therefore, examining ratios of micronutrients may convey more information about how diet and health outcomes are related. Summarized micronutrient intake data, from food only, from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, were used to generate initial ratios. Overall, in this preliminary analysis dietary ratios of micronutrients showed some differences between intakes and recommendations. Principles outlined here could be used in nutritional epidemiology and in basic nutritional research, rather than focusing on individual nutrient intakes. This paper presents the concept of micronutrient ratios to encourage change in the way nutrients are regarded.
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Date Issued: 2018-01-19
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29351249, 10.3390/nu10010107, PMC5793335, 29351249, 29351249, nu10010107
Format: Citation

Title: Atomic Resolution Structures of Human Bufaviruses Determined by Cryo-Electron Microscopy.
Creator: Ilyas, Maria, Mietzsch, Mario, Kailasan, Shweta, Väisänen, Elina, Luo, Mengxiao, Chipman, Paul, Smith, J Kennon, Kurian, Justin, Sousa, Duncan, McKenna, Robert, Söderlund...
Show moreIlyas, Maria, Mietzsch, Mario, Kailasan, Shweta, Väisänen, Elina, Luo, Mengxiao, Chipman, Paul, Smith, J Kennon, Kurian, Justin, Sousa, Duncan, McKenna, Robert, Söderlund-Venermo, Maria, Agbandje-McKenna, Mavis
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Abstract/Description: Bufavirus strain 1 (BuV1), a member of the genus of the , was first isolated from fecal samples of children with acute diarrhea in Burkina Faso. Since this initial discovery, BuVs have been isolated in several countries, including Finland, the Netherlands, and Bhutan, in pediatric patients exhibiting similar symptoms. Towards their characterization, the structures of virus-like particles of BuV1, BuV2, and BuV3, the current known genotypes, have been determined by cryo-electron microscopy and...
Show moreBufavirus strain 1 (BuV1), a member of the genus of the , was first isolated from fecal samples of children with acute diarrhea in Burkina Faso. Since this initial discovery, BuVs have been isolated in several countries, including Finland, the Netherlands, and Bhutan, in pediatric patients exhibiting similar symptoms. Towards their characterization, the structures of virus-like particles of BuV1, BuV2, and BuV3, the current known genotypes, have been determined by cryo-electron microscopy and image reconstruction to 2.84, 3.79, and 3.25 Å, respectively. The BuVs, 65-73% identical in amino acid sequence, conserve the major viral protein, VP2, structure and general capsid surface features of parvoviruses. These include a core β-barrel (βB-βI), α-helix A, and large surface loops inserted between these elements in VP2. The capsid contains depressions at the icosahedral 2-fold and around the 5-fold axes, and has three separated protrusions surrounding the 3-fold axes. Structure comparison among the BuVs and to available parvovirus structures revealed capsid surface variations and capsid 3-fold protrusions that depart from the single pinwheel arrangement of the animal protoparvoviruses. These structures provide a platform to begin the molecular characterization of these potentially pathogenic viruses.
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Date Issued: 2018-01-04
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29300333, 10.3390/v10010022, PMC5795435, 29300333, 29300333, v10010022
Format: Citation

Title: Super-delta: a new differential gene expression analysis procedure with robust data normalization..
Creator: Liu, Yuhang, Zhang, Jinfeng, Qiu, Xing
Abstract/Description: Normalization is an important data preparation step in gene expression analyses, designed to remove various systematic noise. Sample variance is greatly reduced after normalization, hence the power of subsequent statistical analyses is likely to increase. On the other hand, variance reduction is made possible by borrowing information across all genes, including differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and outliers, which will inevitably introduce some bias. This bias typically inflates type I...
Show moreNormalization is an important data preparation step in gene expression analyses, designed to remove various systematic noise. Sample variance is greatly reduced after normalization, hence the power of subsequent statistical analyses is likely to increase. On the other hand, variance reduction is made possible by borrowing information across all genes, including differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and outliers, which will inevitably introduce some bias. This bias typically inflates type I error; and can reduce statistical power in certain situations. In this study we propose a new differential expression analysis pipeline, dubbed as super-delta, that consists of a multivariate extension of the global normalization and a modified t-test. A robust procedure is designed to minimize the bias introduced by DEGs in the normalization step. The modified t-test is derived based on asymptotic theory for hypothesis testing that suitably pairs with the proposed robust normalization. We first compared super-delta with four commonly used normalization methods: global, median-IQR, quantile, and cyclic loess normalization in simulation studies. Super-delta was shown to have better statistical power with tighter control of type I error rate than its competitors. In many cases, the performance of super-delta is close to that of an oracle test in which datasets without technical noise were used. We then applied all methods to a collection of gene expression datasets on breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. While there is a substantial overlap of the DEGs identified by all of them, super-delta were able to identify comparatively more DEGs than its competitors. Downstream gene set enrichment analysis confirmed that all these methods selected largely consistent pathways. Detailed investigations on the relatively small differences showed that pathways identified by super-delta have better connections to breast cancer than other methods. As a new pipeline, super-delta provides new insights to the area of differential gene expression analysis. Solid theoretical foundation supports its asymptotic unbiasedness and technical noise-free properties. Implementation on real and simulated datasets demonstrates its decent performance compared with state-of-art procedures. It also has the potential of expansion to be incorporated with other data type and/or more general between-group comparison problems.
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Date Issued: 2017-12-21
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29268715, 10.1186/s12859-017-1992-2, PMC5740711, 29268715, 29268715, 10.1186/s12859-017-1992-2
Format: Citation

Title: Identifying Children at Risk for Language Impairment or Dyslexia With Group-Administered Measures.
Creator: Adlof, Suzanne M, Scoggins, Joanna, Brazendale, Allison, Babb, Spencer, Petscher, Yaacov
Abstract/Description: The study aims to determine whether brief, group-administered screening measures can reliably identify second-grade children at risk for language impairment (LI) or dyslexia and to examine the degree to which parents of affected children were aware of their children's difficulties. Participants (N = 381) completed screening tasks and assessments of word reading, oral language, and nonverbal intelligence. Their parents completed questionnaires that inquired about reading and language...
Show moreThe study aims to determine whether brief, group-administered screening measures can reliably identify second-grade children at risk for language impairment (LI) or dyslexia and to examine the degree to which parents of affected children were aware of their children's difficulties. Participants (N = 381) completed screening tasks and assessments of word reading, oral language, and nonverbal intelligence. Their parents completed questionnaires that inquired about reading and language development. Despite considerable overlap in the children meeting criteria for LI and dyslexia, many children exhibited problems in only one domain. The combined screening tasks reliably identified children at risk for either LI or dyslexia (area under the curve = 0.842), but they were more accurate at identifying risk for dyslexia than LI. Parents of children with LI and/or dyslexia were frequently unaware of their children's difficulties. Parents of children with LI but good word reading skills were the least likely of all impairment groups to report concerns or prior receipt of speech, language, or reading services. Group-administered screens can identify children at risk of LI and/or dyslexia with good classification accuracy and in less time than individually administered measures. More research is needed to improve the identification of children with LI who display good word reading skills.
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Date Issued: 2017-12-20
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29222567, 10.1044/2017_JSLHR-L-16-0473, PMC5962925, 29222567, 29222567, 2666238
Format: Citation

Title: DNA replication timing alterations identify common markers between distinct progeroid diseases.
Creator: Rivera-Mulia, Juan Carlos, Desprat, Romain, Trevilla-Garcia, Claudia, Cornacchia, Daniela, Schwerer, Hélène, Sasaki, Takayo, Sima, Jiao, Fells, Tyler, Studer, Lorenz, Lemaitre,...
Show moreRivera-Mulia, Juan Carlos, Desprat, Romain, Trevilla-Garcia, Claudia, Cornacchia, Daniela, Schwerer, Hélène, Sasaki, Takayo, Sima, Jiao, Fells, Tyler, Studer, Lorenz, Lemaitre, Jean-Marc, Gilbert, David M
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Abstract/Description: Progeroid syndromes are rare genetic disorders that phenotypically resemble natural aging. Different causal mutations have been identified, but no molecular alterations have been identified that are in common to these diseases. DNA replication timing (RT) is a robust cell type-specific epigenetic feature highly conserved in the same cell types from different individuals but altered in disease. Here, we characterized DNA RT program alterations in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) and...
Show moreProgeroid syndromes are rare genetic disorders that phenotypically resemble natural aging. Different causal mutations have been identified, but no molecular alterations have been identified that are in common to these diseases. DNA replication timing (RT) is a robust cell type-specific epigenetic feature highly conserved in the same cell types from different individuals but altered in disease. Here, we characterized DNA RT program alterations in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) and Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) patients compared with natural aging and cellular senescence. Our results identified a progeroid-specific RT signature that is common to cells from three HGPS and three RTS patients and distinguishes them from healthy individuals across a wide range of ages. Among the RT abnormalities, we identified the tumor protein p63 gene () as a gene marker for progeroid syndromes. By using the redifferentiation of four patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells as a model for the onset of progeroid syndromes, we tracked the progression of RT abnormalities during development, revealing altered RT of the gene as an early event in disease progression of both HGPS and RTS. Moreover, the RT abnormalities in progeroid patients were associated with altered isoform expression of Our findings demonstrate the value of RT studies to identify biomarkers not detected by other methods, reveal abnormal RT as an early event in progeroid disease progression, and suggest gene regulation as a potential therapeutic target.
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Date Issued: 2017-12-19
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29196523, 10.1073/pnas.1711613114, PMC5754778, 29196523, 29196523, 1711613114
Format: Citation

Title: Energy compensation after sprint- and high-intensity interval training.
Creator: Schubert, Matthew M, Palumbo, Elyse, Seay, Rebekah F, Spain, Katie K, Clarke, Holly E
Abstract/Description: Many individuals lose less weight than expected in response to exercise interventions when considering the increased energy expenditure of exercise (ExEE). This is due to energy compensation in response to ExEE, which may include increases in energy intake (EI) and decreases in non-exercise physical activity (NEPA). We examined the degree of energy compensation in healthy young men and women in response to interval training. Data were examined from a prior study in which 24 participants (mean...
Show moreMany individuals lose less weight than expected in response to exercise interventions when considering the increased energy expenditure of exercise (ExEE). This is due to energy compensation in response to ExEE, which may include increases in energy intake (EI) and decreases in non-exercise physical activity (NEPA). We examined the degree of energy compensation in healthy young men and women in response to interval training. Data were examined from a prior study in which 24 participants (mean age, BMI, & VO2max = 28 yrs, 27.7 kg•m-2, and 32 mL∙kg-1∙min-1) completed either 4 weeks of sprint-interval training or high-intensity interval training. Energy compensation was calculated from changes in body composition (air displacement plethysmography) and exercise energy expenditure was calculated from mean heart rate based on the heart rate-VO2 relationship. Differences between high (≥ 100%) and low (< 100%) levels of energy compensation were assessed. Linear regressions were utilized to determine associations between energy compensation and ΔVO2max, ΔEI, ΔNEPA, and Δresting metabolic rate. Very large individual differences in energy compensation were noted. In comparison to individuals with low levels of compensation, individuals with high levels of energy compensation gained fat mass, lost fat-free mass, and had lower change scores for VO2max and NEPA. Linear regression results indicated that lower levels of energy compensation were associated with increases in ΔVO2max (p < 0.001) and ΔNEPA (p < 0.001). Considerable variation exists in response to short-term, low dose interval training. In agreement with prior work, increases in ΔVO2max and ΔNEPA were associated with lower energy compensation. Future studies should focus on identifying if a dose-response relationship for energy compensation exists in response to interval training, and what underlying mechanisms and participant traits contribute to the large variation between individuals.
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Date Issued: 2017-12-15
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29244836, 10.1371/journal.pone.0189590, PMC5731706, 29244836, 29244836, PONE-D-17-24646
Format: Citation

Title: Hyperspectral imaging for simultaneous measurements of two FRET biosensors in pancreatic β-cells.
Creator: Elliott, Amicia D, Bedard, Noah, Ustione, Alessandro, Baird, Michelle A, Davidson, Michael W, Tkaczyk, Tomasz, Piston, David W
Abstract/Description: Fluorescent protein (FP) biosensors based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) are commonly used to study molecular processes in living cells. There are FP-FRET biosensors for many cellular molecules, but it remains difficult to perform simultaneous measurements of multiple biosensors. The overlapping emission spectra of the commonly used FPs, including CFP/YFP and GFP/RFP make dual FRET measurements challenging. In addition, a snapshot imaging modality is required for simultaneous...
Show moreFluorescent protein (FP) biosensors based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) are commonly used to study molecular processes in living cells. There are FP-FRET biosensors for many cellular molecules, but it remains difficult to perform simultaneous measurements of multiple biosensors. The overlapping emission spectra of the commonly used FPs, including CFP/YFP and GFP/RFP make dual FRET measurements challenging. In addition, a snapshot imaging modality is required for simultaneous imaging. The Image Mapping Spectrometer (IMS) is a snapshot hyperspectral imaging system that collects high resolution spectral data and can be used to overcome these challenges. We have previously demonstrated the IMS's capabilities for simultaneously imaging GFP and CFP/YFP-based biosensors in pancreatic β-cells. Here, we demonstrate a further capability of the IMS to image simultaneously two FRET biosensors with a single excitation band, one for cAMP and the other for Caspase-3. We use these measurements to measure simultaneously cAMP signaling and Caspase-3 activation in pancreatic β-cells during oxidative stress and hyperglycemia, which are essential components in the pathology of diabetes.
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Date Issued: 2017-12-06
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29211763, 10.1371/journal.pone.0188789, PMC5718502, 29211763, 29211763, PONE-D-17-26284
Format: Citation

Title: Characterization of Stress in Low-Income, Inner-City Mothers of Children with Poorly Controlled Asthma.
Creator: Bellin, Melissa H, Collins, Kathryn S, Osteen, Philip, Kub, Joan, Bollinger, Mary Elizabeth, Newsome, Angelica, Lewis-Land, Cassie, Butz, Arlene M
Abstract/Description: The goal of this longitudinal analysis was to characterize factors associated with the experience of life stress in low-income, inner-city mothers of minority children with high-risk asthma.Participants (n = 276) reported on family demographics, child asthma control and healthcare utilization, social support, contemporary life difficulties (housing, finances, violence exposure) measured by the validated Crisis in Family Systems scale, and daily stress. Latent growth curve modeling examined...
Show moreThe goal of this longitudinal analysis was to characterize factors associated with the experience of life stress in low-income, inner-city mothers of minority children with high-risk asthma.Participants (n = 276) reported on family demographics, child asthma control and healthcare utilization, social support, contemporary life difficulties (housing, finances, violence exposure) measured by the validated Crisis in Family Systems scale, and daily stress. Latent growth curve modeling examined predictors of life stress across 12 months as a function of home and community difficulties, asthma-specific factors, and social support. Mothers were primarily single (73%), unemployed (55%), and living in extreme poverty with most (73%) reporting an annual family income <$20,000 (73%). The children were young (mean age = 5.59, SD = 2.17), African-American (96%), and had poorly controlled asthma (94%) at study enrollment. Higher daily stress was associated with financial difficulties, safety concerns in the home and community, and housing problems. Access to social support was consistently related to reduced stress. The only asthma-specific factor associated with life stress was healthcare utilization, with more emergency services for asthma related to higher daily stress. Findings underscore the clinical significance of assessing diverse home and community stressors and social support in low-income, inner-city caregivers of children with poorly controlled asthma.
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Date Issued: 2017-12-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28560612, 10.1007/s11524-017-0162-1, PMC5722723, 28560612, 28560612, 10.1007/s11524-017-0162-1
Format: Citation

Title: Do Undiagnosed Suicide Decedents Have Symptoms of a Mental Disorder?.
Creator: Joiner, Thomas E, Buchman-Schmitt, Jennifer M, Chu, Carol
Abstract/Description: Psychological autopsy studies consistently report that the rate of detected mental disorders among suicide decedents is below 100%. This implies three possibilities: (a) a subset of suicide decedents did not have a mental disorder at the time of death; (b) all suicide decedents suffered from a mental disorder, but some were undetected due to methodological limitations; and/or (c) suicide decedents with an undetected mental disorder displayed significant and perhaps subclinical features of a...
Show morePsychological autopsy studies consistently report that the rate of detected mental disorders among suicide decedents is below 100%. This implies three possibilities: (a) a subset of suicide decedents did not have a mental disorder at the time of death; (b) all suicide decedents suffered from a mental disorder, but some were undetected due to methodological limitations; and/or (c) suicide decedents with an undetected mental disorder displayed significant and perhaps subclinical features of a mental disorder. In this article, we examined these possibilities by evaluating the differences in symptoms and stressors between suicide decedents who were undiagnosed and those diagnosed with a mental disorder at the time of death. We reviewed 130 case studies of community-based suicide decedents originally described in Robins' (1981) psychological autopsy study. Without exception, suicide decedents in Robins' sample suffered either from a clearly diagnosable mental disorder or displayed features indicative of a significant, even if subclinical, presentation of a mental disorder. Undiagnosed and diagnosed suicide decedents did not significantly differ with regards to demographics, violence of suicide method, suicide attempt history, the number and intensity of stressful life events preceding death, and whether their death was a murder-suicide. Although clearly not all who suffer from mental disorders will die by suicide, these findings imply that all who die by suicide appear to exhibit, at minimum, subclinical psychiatric symptoms with the great majority showing prominent clinical symptoms. We conclude with clinical implications and recommendations for future study.
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Date Issued: 2017-12-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28685838, 10.1002/jclp.22498, PMC5690847, 28685838, 28685838
Format: Citation

Title: AIM2 inflammasome activation and regulation: A structural perspective..
Creator: Wang, Bing, Yin, Qian
Abstract/Description: Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome is a multi-protein platform that recognizes aberrant cytoplasmic dsDNA and induces cytokine maturation, release and pyroptosis. It is composed of AIM2, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), and caspase-1. Recent X-ray crystallographic and high resolution cryo-electron microscopic (cryo-EM) studies have revealed a series of structures in AIM2 inflammasome activation and regulation. One prominent feature common in multiple...
Show moreAbsent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome is a multi-protein platform that recognizes aberrant cytoplasmic dsDNA and induces cytokine maturation, release and pyroptosis. It is composed of AIM2, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), and caspase-1. Recent X-ray crystallographic and high resolution cryo-electron microscopic (cryo-EM) studies have revealed a series of structures in AIM2 inflammasome activation and regulation. One prominent feature common in multiple steps is the assembly of high-order structures, especially helical filaments nucleated by upstream molecules, rather than stoichiometric complexes. In this review, we track the AIM2 inflammasome activation process step by step, using high-resolution structures to illustrate the overall architecture of AIM2 inflammasome and its assembly and regulatory mechanisms.
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Date Issued: 2017-12-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28813641, 10.1016/j.jsb.2017.08.001, PMC5733693, 28813641, 28813641, S1047-8477(17)30132-6
Format: Citation

Title: Comorbid sleep disorders and suicide risk among children and adolescents with bipolar disorder.
Creator: Stanley, Ian H, Hom, Melanie A, Luby, Joan L, Joshi, Paramjit T, Wagner, Karen D, Emslie, Graham J, Walkup, John T, Axelson, David A, Joiner, Thomas E
Abstract/Description: Children and adolescents with bipolar disorder are at increased risk for suicide. Sleep disturbances are common among youth with bipolar disorder and are also independently implicated in suicide risk; thus, comorbid sleep disorders may amplify suicide risk in this clinical population. This study examined the effects of comorbid sleep disorders on suicide risk among youth with bipolar disorder. We conducted secondary analyses of baseline data from the Treatment of Early Age Mania (TEAM) study,...
Show moreChildren and adolescents with bipolar disorder are at increased risk for suicide. Sleep disturbances are common among youth with bipolar disorder and are also independently implicated in suicide risk; thus, comorbid sleep disorders may amplify suicide risk in this clinical population. This study examined the effects of comorbid sleep disorders on suicide risk among youth with bipolar disorder. We conducted secondary analyses of baseline data from the Treatment of Early Age Mania (TEAM) study, a randomized controlled trial of individuals aged 6-15 years (mean ± SD = 10.2 ± 2.7 years) with DSM-IV bipolar I disorder (N = 379). Sleep disorders (i.e., nightmare, sleep terror, and sleepwalking disorders) and suicide risk were assessed via the WASH-U-KSADS and the CDRS-R, respectively. We constructed uncontrolled logistic regression models as well as models controlling for trauma history, a generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) diagnosis, and depression symptoms. Participants with a current comorbid nightmare disorder versus those without were nearly twice as likely to screen positive for suicide risk in an uncontrolled model and models controlling for trauma history, a GAD diagnosis, and depression symptoms. Neither a current comorbid sleep terror disorder nor a sleepwalking disorder was significantly associated with suicide risk. This pattern of findings remained consistent for both current and lifetime sleep disorder diagnoses. Youth with bipolar I disorder and a comorbid nightmare disorder appear to be at heightened suicide risk. Implications for assessment and treatment are discussed.
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Date Issued: 2017-12-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28777984, 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.07.027, PMC5653415, 28777984, 28777984, S0022-3956(17)30625-8
Format: Citation

Title: Unpredictability increases the error-related negativity in children and adolescents.
Creator: Speed, Brittany C, Jackson, Felicia, Nelson, Brady D, Infantolino, Zachary P, Hajcak, Greg
Abstract/Description: The error-related negativity (ERN) is a response-locked component in the event-related potential observed asa negative deflection 50-100ms following the commission of an error. An unpredictable context has been shown to potentiate amygdala activity, attentional bias toward threat, and the ERN in adults. However, it is unclear whether the impact of unpredictability on the ERN is also observed in children and adolescents. In a sample of 32 9-17year-old participants, we examined the influence of...
Show moreThe error-related negativity (ERN) is a response-locked component in the event-related potential observed asa negative deflection 50-100ms following the commission of an error. An unpredictable context has been shown to potentiate amygdala activity, attentional bias toward threat, and the ERN in adults. However, it is unclear whether the impact of unpredictability on the ERN is also observed in children and adolescents. In a sample of 32 9-17year-old participants, we examined the influence of a task-irrelevant unpredictable context on neural response to errors. Participants completed a flanker task designed to elicit the ERN, while simultaneously being exposed to task-irrelevant tone sequences with either predictable or unpredictable timing. Unpredictable tones were rated as more anxiety provoking compared to the predictable tones. Fewer errors were made during unpredictable relative to predictable tones. Moreover, the ERN-but not the correct response negativity (CRN) or stimulus-locked N200-was potentiated during the unpredictable relative to predictable tones. The current study replicates and extends previous findings by demonstrating that an unpredictable context can increase task performance and selectively potentiate the ERN in children and adolescents. ERN magnitude can be modulated by environmental factors suggesting enhanced error processing in unpredictable contexts.
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Date Issued: 2017-12-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28950156, 10.1016/j.bandc.2017.09.006, PMC5650543, 28950156, 28950156, S0278-2626(17)30103-3
Format: Citation

Title: Weight suppression and bulimic syndrome maintenance: Preliminary findings for the mediating role of leptin..
Creator: Keel, Pamela K, Bodell, Lindsay P, Haedt-Matt, Alissa A, Williams, Diana L, Appelbaum, Jonathan
Abstract/Description: Longitudinal studies support a prospective relationship between weight suppression (WS) and bulimic syndrome (BN-S) maintenance. Although biobehavioral mechanisms have been proposed to explain this link, such mechanisms have yet to be identified. Given that weight loss would reduce leptin levels which may influence eating, this study examined whether reduced leptin levels mediate the link between greater WS and longer illness duration. Women (N = 53), ages 18-45 years, were recruited from the...
Show moreLongitudinal studies support a prospective relationship between weight suppression (WS) and bulimic syndrome (BN-S) maintenance. Although biobehavioral mechanisms have been proposed to explain this link, such mechanisms have yet to be identified. Given that weight loss would reduce leptin levels which may influence eating, this study examined whether reduced leptin levels mediate the link between greater WS and longer illness duration. Women (N = 53), ages 18-45 years, were recruited from the community if they met criteria for a BN-S, including either DSM-5 bulimia nervosa (BN; n = 33) or purging disorder (PD: n = 20), and fell within a healthy weight range (18.5-26.5 kg/m ). Participants completed clinical assessments and provided blood samples to measure circulating leptin. Significant associations were found among greater WS, lower leptin concentrations, and longer duration of illness. Mediation analyses using bootstrapping procedures indicated all paths were significant and that leptin mediated the link between WS and illness duration. An alternative model in which longer illness duration contributed to leptin, via greater WS, was not supported. Longitudinal research is needed to support temporal associations and explore behavioral mechanisms linking leptin to illness trajectory.
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Date Issued: 2017-12-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29044587, 10.1002/eat.22788, PMC5752142, 29044587, 29044587
Format: Citation

Title: Parental perception of child weight and inflammation: Perceived overweight is associated with higher child c-reactive protein..
Creator: Sutin, Angelina R, Rust, George, Robinson, Eric, Daly, Michael, Terracciano, Antonio
Abstract/Description: Self-perceived overweight and weight discrimination are associated with inflammation in adulthood. We test whether there is an intergenerational association of parent perception of child overweight on higher levels of child c-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation implicated in stress. Data were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2014 (N=4988). Parents reported their perception of their child's weight; CRP was assayed from children's blood samples....
Show moreSelf-perceived overweight and weight discrimination are associated with inflammation in adulthood. We test whether there is an intergenerational association of parent perception of child overweight on higher levels of child c-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation implicated in stress. Data were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2014 (N=4988). Parents reported their perception of their child's weight; CRP was assayed from children's blood samples. Children whose parents perceived them as overweight had higher CRP levels than children who were perceived about the right weight; perceived underweight was also associated with higher CRP (F(2,4977)=9.23, p<.001). These associations were independent of the child's objective weight status and waist circumference and held when the sample was limited to children with objective overweight and obesity. These results suggest an intergenerational transfer of the psychological perception of body weight from parents to the inflammatory health of their child.
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Date Issued: 2017-12-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29054818, 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.10.004, PMC5703214, 29054818, 29054818, S0301-0511(17)30288-0
Format: Citation

Title: The interpersonal theory of suicide: A systematic review and meta-analysis of a decade of cross-national research..
Creator: Chu, Carol, Buchman-Schmitt, Jennifer M, Stanley, Ian H, Hom, Melanie A, Tucker, Raymond P, Hagan, Christopher R, Rogers, Megan L, Podlogar, Matthew C, Chiurliza, Bruno, Ringer,...
Show moreChu, Carol, Buchman-Schmitt, Jennifer M, Stanley, Ian H, Hom, Melanie A, Tucker, Raymond P, Hagan, Christopher R, Rogers, Megan L, Podlogar, Matthew C, Chiurliza, Bruno, Ringer, Fallon B, Michaels, Matthew S, Patros, Connor H G, Joiner, Thomas E
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Abstract/Description: Over the past decade, the interpersonal theory of suicide has contributed to substantial advances in the scientific and clinical understanding of suicide and related conditions. The interpersonal theory of suicide posits that suicidal desire emerges when individuals experience intractable feelings of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness and near-lethal or lethal suicidal behavior occurs in the presence of suicidal desire and capability for suicide. A growing number of studies...
Show moreOver the past decade, the interpersonal theory of suicide has contributed to substantial advances in the scientific and clinical understanding of suicide and related conditions. The interpersonal theory of suicide posits that suicidal desire emerges when individuals experience intractable feelings of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness and near-lethal or lethal suicidal behavior occurs in the presence of suicidal desire and capability for suicide. A growing number of studies have tested these posited pathways in various samples; however, these findings have yet to be evaluated meta-analytically. This paper aimed to (a) conduct a systematic review of the unpublished and published, peer-reviewed literature examining the relationship between interpersonal theory constructs and suicidal thoughts and behaviors, (b) conduct meta-analyses testing the interpersonal theory hypotheses, and (c) evaluate the influence of various moderators on these relationships. Four electronic bibliographic databases were searched through the end of March, 2016: PubMed, Medline, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Hypothesis-driven meta-analyses using random effects models were conducted using 122 distinct unpublished and published samples. Findings supported the interpersonal theory: the interaction between thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness was significantly associated with suicidal ideation; and the interaction between thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and capability for suicide was significantly related to a greater number of prior suicide attempts. However, effect sizes for these interactions were modest. Alternative configurations of theory variables were similarly useful for predicting suicide risk as theory-consistent pathways. We conclude with limitations and recommendations for the interpersonal theory as a framework for understanding the suicidal spectrum. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Date Issued: 2017-12-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29072480, 10.1037/bul0000123, PMC5730496, 29072480, 29072480, 2017-47896-001
Format: Citation

Title: Comparative effectiveness of dual vs. single-action antidepressants on HIV clinical outcomes in HIV-infected people with depression.
Creator: Mills, Jon C, Harman, Jeffrey S, Cook, Robert L, Marlow, Nicole M, Harle, Christopher A, Duncan, R Paul, Gaynes, Bradley N, Pence, Brian W
Abstract/Description: Depression is highly prevalent among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and has deleterious effects on HIV clinical outcomes. We examined changes in depression symptoms, viral suppression, and CD4 T cells/μl among PLWHA diagnosed with depression who initiated antidepressant treatment during routine care, and compared the effectiveness of dual-action and single-action antidepressants for improving those outcomes. Comparative effectiveness study of new user dual-action or single-action...
Show moreDepression is highly prevalent among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and has deleterious effects on HIV clinical outcomes. We examined changes in depression symptoms, viral suppression, and CD4 T cells/μl among PLWHA diagnosed with depression who initiated antidepressant treatment during routine care, and compared the effectiveness of dual-action and single-action antidepressants for improving those outcomes. Comparative effectiveness study of new user dual-action or single-action antidepressant treatment episodes occurring from 2004 to 2014 obtained from the Center for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems. We identified new user treatment episodes with no antidepressant use in the preceding 90 days. We completed intent-to-treat and per protocol evaluations for the main analysis. Primary outcomes, were viral suppression (HIV viral load <200 copies/ml) and CD4 T cells/μl. In a secondary analysis, we used the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to evaluate changes in depression symptoms and remission (PHQ <5). Generalized estimating equations with inverse probability of treatment weights were fitted to estimate treatment effects. In weighted intent-to-treat analyses, the probability of viral suppression increased 16% after initiating antidepressants [95% confidence interval = (1.12, 1.20)]. We observed an increase of 39 CD4T cells/μl after initiating antidepressants (30, 48). Both the frequency of remission from depression and PHQ-9 scores improved after antidepressant initiation. Comparative effectiveness estimates were null in all models. Initiating antidepressant treatment was associated with improvements in depression, viral suppression, and CD4 T cells/μl, highlighting the health benefits of treating depression in PLWHA. Dual and single-action antidepressants had comparable effectiveness.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-28
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28832409, 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001618, PMC5680130, 28832409, 28832409
Format: Citation

Title: Aggregate-level lead exposure, gun violence, homicide, and rape.
Creator: Boutwell, Brian B, Nelson, Erik J, Qian, Zhengmin, Vaughn, Michael G, Wright, John P, Beaver, Kevin M, Barnes, J C, Petkovsek, Melissa, Lewis, Roger, Schootman, Mario, Rosenfeld...
Show moreBoutwell, Brian B, Nelson, Erik J, Qian, Zhengmin, Vaughn, Michael G, Wright, John P, Beaver, Kevin M, Barnes, J C, Petkovsek, Melissa, Lewis, Roger, Schootman, Mario, Rosenfeld, Richard
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Abstract/Description: An increasing body of research has linked the geographic distribution of lead with various indicators of criminal and antisocial behavior. The current study, using data from an ongoing project related to lead exposure in St. Louis City, MO, analyzed the association between aggregate blood lead levels and specific indicators violent crime within the city. Ecological study. St. Louis, Missouri. Blood lead levels. Official reports of violent crimes were categorized as 1) crimes involving a...
Show moreAn increasing body of research has linked the geographic distribution of lead with various indicators of criminal and antisocial behavior. The current study, using data from an ongoing project related to lead exposure in St. Louis City, MO, analyzed the association between aggregate blood lead levels and specific indicators violent crime within the city. Ecological study. St. Louis, Missouri. Blood lead levels. Official reports of violent crimes were categorized as 1) crimes involving a firearm (yes/no), 2) assault crimes (with or without a firearm), 3) robbery crimes (with or without a firearm), 4) homicides and 5) rape. With the exception of rape, aggregate blood-lead levels were statistically significant predictors of violent crime at the census tract level. The risk ratios for each of the outcome measures were as follows: firearm crimes 1.03 (1.03-1.04), assault crimes 1.03 (1.02-1.03), robbery crimes 1.03 (1.02-1.04), homicide 1.03 (1.01, 1.04), and rape 1.01 (0.99-1.03). Extending prior research in St. Louis, results suggest that aggregated lead exposure at the census tract level predicted crime outcomes, even after accounting for important sociological variables. Moving forward, a more developed understanding of aggregate level crime may necessitate a shift toward studying the synergy between sociological and biological risk factors such as lead exposure.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-27
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29176826, 10.1371/journal.pone.0187953, PMC5703470, 29176826, 29176826, PONE-D-16-40412
Format: Citation

Title: Self-management of cardiac pain in women: an evidence map..
Creator: Parry, Monica, Bjørnnes, Ann Kristin, Clarke, Hance, Cooper, Lynn, Gordon, Allan, Harvey, Paula, Lalloo, Chitra, Leegaard, Marit, LeFort, Sandra, McFetridge-Durdle, Judith,...
Show moreParry, Monica, Bjørnnes, Ann Kristin, Clarke, Hance, Cooper, Lynn, Gordon, Allan, Harvey, Paula, Lalloo, Chitra, Leegaard, Marit, LeFort, Sandra, McFetridge-Durdle, Judith, McGillion, Michael, O'Keefe-McCarthy, Sheila, Price, Jennifer, Stinson, Jennifer, Victor, J Charles, Watt-Watson, Judy
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Abstract/Description: To describe the current evidence related to the self-management of cardiac pain in women using the process and methodology of evidence mapping. Literature search for studies that describe the self-management of cardiac pain in women greater than 18 years of age, managed in community, primary care or outpatient settings, published in English or a Scandinavian language between 1 January 1990 and 24 June 2016 using AMED, CINAHL, ERIC, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Proquest, PsychInfo, the Cochrane Library,...
Show moreTo describe the current evidence related to the self-management of cardiac pain in women using the process and methodology of evidence mapping. Literature search for studies that describe the self-management of cardiac pain in women greater than 18 years of age, managed in community, primary care or outpatient settings, published in English or a Scandinavian language between 1 January 1990 and 24 June 2016 using AMED, CINAHL, ERIC, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Proquest, PsychInfo, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, Swemed+, Web of Science, the Clinical Trials Registry, International Register of Controlled Trials, MetaRegister of Controlled Trials, theses and dissertations, published conference abstracts and relevant websites using GreyNet International, ISI proceedings, BIOSIS and Conference papers index. Two independent reviewers screened using predefined eligibility criteria. Included articles were classified according to study design, pain category, publication year, sample size, per cent women and mean age. Self-management interventions for cardiac pain or non-intervention studies that described views and perspectives of women who self-managed cardiac pain. Outcomes included those related to knowledge, self-efficacy, function and health-related quality of life. The literature search identified 5940 unique articles, of which 220 were included in the evidence map. Only 22% (n=49) were intervention studies. Sixty-nine per cent (n=151) of the studies described cardiac pain related to obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), 2% (n=5) non-obstructive CAD and 15% (n=34) postpercutaneous coronary intervention/cardiac surgery. Most were published after 2000, the median sample size was 90 with 25%-100% women and the mean age was 63 years. Our evidence map suggests that while much is known about the differing presentations of obstructive cardiac pain in middle-aged women, little research focused on young and old women, non-obstructive cardiac pain or self-management interventions to assist women to manage cardiac pain. CRD42016042806.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-25
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29175891, 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018549, PMC5719283, 29175891, 29175891, bmjopen-2017-018549
Format: Citation

Title: Predicting Intelligibility Gains in Individuals With Dysarthria From Baseline Speech Features.
Creator: Fletcher, Annalise R, McAuliffe, Megan J, Lansford, Kaitlin L, Sinex, Donal G, Liss, Julie M
Abstract/Description: Across the treatment literature, behavioral speech modifications have produced variable intelligibility changes in speakers with dysarthria. This study is the first of two articles exploring whether measurements of baseline speech features can predict speakers' responses to these modifications. Fifty speakers (7 older individuals and 43 speakers with dysarthria) read a standard passage in habitual, loud, and slow speaking modes. Eighteen listeners rated how easy the speech samples were to...
Show moreAcross the treatment literature, behavioral speech modifications have produced variable intelligibility changes in speakers with dysarthria. This study is the first of two articles exploring whether measurements of baseline speech features can predict speakers' responses to these modifications. Fifty speakers (7 older individuals and 43 speakers with dysarthria) read a standard passage in habitual, loud, and slow speaking modes. Eighteen listeners rated how easy the speech samples were to understand. Baseline acoustic measurements of articulation, prosody, and voice quality were collected with perceptual measures of severity. Cues to speak louder and reduce rate did not confer intelligibility benefits to every speaker. The degree to which cues to speak louder improved intelligibility could be predicted by speakers' baseline articulation rates and overall dysarthria severity. Improvements in the slow condition could be predicted by speakers' baseline severity and temporal variability. Speakers with a breathier voice quality tended to perform better in the loud condition than in the slow condition. Assessments of baseline speech features can be used to predict appropriate treatment strategies for speakers with dysarthria. Further development of these assessments could provide the basis for more individualized treatment programs.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-09
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29075753, 10.1044/2016_JSLHR-S-16-0218, PMC6195071, 29075753, 29075753, 2661025
Format: Citation

Title: Generalized Adaptation to Dysarthric Speech.
Creator: Borrie, Stephanie A, Lansford, Kaitlin L, Barrett, Tyson S
Abstract/Description: Generalization of perceptual learning has received limited attention in listener adaptation studies with dysarthric speech. This study investigated whether adaptation to a talker with dysarthria could be predicted by the nature of the listener's prior familiarization experience, specifically similarity of perceptual features, and level of intelligibility. Following an intelligibility pretest involving a talker with ataxic dysarthria, 160 listeners were familiarized with 1 of 7 talkers with...
Show moreGeneralization of perceptual learning has received limited attention in listener adaptation studies with dysarthric speech. This study investigated whether adaptation to a talker with dysarthria could be predicted by the nature of the listener's prior familiarization experience, specifically similarity of perceptual features, and level of intelligibility. Following an intelligibility pretest involving a talker with ataxic dysarthria, 160 listeners were familiarized with 1 of 7 talkers with dysarthria-who differed from the test talker in terms of perceptual similarity (same, similar, dissimilar) and level of intelligibility (low, mid, high)-or a talker with no neurological impairment (control). Listeners then completed an intelligibility posttest on the test talker. All listeners benefited from familiarization with a talker with dysarthria; however, adaptation to the test talker was superior when the familiarization talker had similar perceptual features and reduced when the familiarization talker had low intelligibility. Evidence for both generalization and specificity of learning highlights the differential value of listeners' prior experiences for adaptation to, and improved understanding of, a talker with dysarthria. These findings broaden our theoretical knowledge of adaptation to degraded speech, as well as the clinical application of training paradigms that exploit perceptual processes for therapeutic gain.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-09
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29075754, 10.1044/2017_JSLHR-S-17-0127, PMC5945074, 29075754, 29075754, 2660935
Format: Citation

Title: Predicting Intelligibility Gains in Dysarthria Through Automated Speech Feature Analysis.
Creator: Fletcher, Annalise R, Wisler, Alan A, McAuliffe, Megan J, Lansford, Kaitlin L, Liss, Julie M
Abstract/Description: Behavioral speech modifications have variable effects on the intelligibility of speakers with dysarthria. In the companion article, a significant relationship was found between measures of speakers' baseline speech and their intelligibility gains following cues to speak louder and reduce rate (Fletcher, McAuliffe, Lansford, Sinex, & Liss, 2017). This study reexamines these features and assesses whether automated acoustic assessments can also be used to predict intelligibility gains. Fifty...
Show moreBehavioral speech modifications have variable effects on the intelligibility of speakers with dysarthria. In the companion article, a significant relationship was found between measures of speakers' baseline speech and their intelligibility gains following cues to speak louder and reduce rate (Fletcher, McAuliffe, Lansford, Sinex, & Liss, 2017). This study reexamines these features and assesses whether automated acoustic assessments can also be used to predict intelligibility gains. Fifty speakers (7 older individuals and 43 with dysarthria) read a passage in habitual, loud, and slow speaking modes. Automated measurements of long-term average spectra, envelope modulation spectra, and Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients were extracted from short segments of participants' baseline speech. Intelligibility gains were statistically modeled, and the predictive power of the baseline speech measures was assessed using cross-validation. Statistical models could predict the intelligibility gains of speakers they had not been trained on. The automated acoustic features were better able to predict speakers' improvement in the loud condition than the manual measures reported in the companion article. These acoustic analyses present a promising tool for rapidly assessing treatment options. Automated measures of baseline speech patterns may enable more selective inclusion criteria and stronger group outcomes within treatment studies.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-09
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29075755, 10.1044/2017_JSLHR-S-16-0453, PMC6195072, 29075755, 29075755, 2661026
Format: Citation

Title: Do the 'brain dead' merely appear to be alive?.
Creator: Nair-Collins, Michael, Miller, Franklin G
Abstract/Description: The established view regarding 'brain death' in medicine and medical ethics is that patients determined to be dead by neurological criteria are dead in terms of a biological conception of death, not a philosophical conception of personhood, a social construction or a legal fiction. Although such individuals show apparent signs of being alive, in reality they are (biologically) dead, though this reality is masked by the intervention of medical technology. In this article, we argue that an...
Show moreThe established view regarding 'brain death' in medicine and medical ethics is that patients determined to be dead by neurological criteria are dead in terms of a biological conception of death, not a philosophical conception of personhood, a social construction or a legal fiction. Although such individuals show apparent signs of being alive, in reality they are (biologically) dead, though this reality is masked by the intervention of medical technology. In this article, we argue that an appeal to the distinction between appearance and reality fails in defending the view that the 'brain dead' are dead. Specifically, this view relies on an inaccurate and overly simplistic account of the role of medical technology in the physiology of a 'brain dead' patient. We conclude by offering an explanation of why the conventional view on 'brain death', though mistaken, continues to be endorsed in light of its connection to organ transplantation and the dead donor rule.
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Date Issued: 2017-11-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28848063, 10.1136/medethics-2016-103867, PMC5749302, 28848063, 28848063, medethics-2016-103867
Format: Citation

Title: Across the tree of life, radiation resistance is governed by antioxidant Mn, gauged by paramagnetic resonance.
Creator: Sharma, Ajay, Gaidamakova, Elena K, Grichenko, Olga, Matrosova, Vera Y, Hoeke, Veronika, Klimenkova, Polina, Conze, Isabel H, Volpe, Robert P, Tkavc, Rok, Gostinčar, Cene, Gunde...
Show moreSharma, Ajay, Gaidamakova, Elena K, Grichenko, Olga, Matrosova, Vera Y, Hoeke, Veronika, Klimenkova, Polina, Conze, Isabel H, Volpe, Robert P, Tkavc, Rok, Gostinčar, Cene, Gunde-Cimerman, Nina, DiRuggiero, Jocelyne, Shuryak, Igor, Ozarowski, Andrew, Hoffman, Brian M, Daly, Michael J
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Abstract/Description: Despite concerted functional genomic efforts to understand the complex phenotype of ionizing radiation (IR) resistance, a genome sequence cannot predict whether a cell is IR-resistant or not. Instead, we report that absorption-display electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of nonirradiated cells is highly diagnostic of IR survival and repair efficiency of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) caused by exposure to gamma radiation across archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes, including fungi...
Show moreDespite concerted functional genomic efforts to understand the complex phenotype of ionizing radiation (IR) resistance, a genome sequence cannot predict whether a cell is IR-resistant or not. Instead, we report that absorption-display electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of nonirradiated cells is highly diagnostic of IR survival and repair efficiency of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) caused by exposure to gamma radiation across archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes, including fungi and human cells. IR-resistant cells, which are efficient at DSB repair, contain a high cellular content of manganous ions (Mn) in high-symmetry (H) antioxidant complexes with small metabolites (e.g., orthophosphate, peptides), which exhibit narrow EPR signals (small zero-field splitting). In contrast, Mn ions in IR-sensitive cells, which are inefficient at DSB repair, exist largely as low-symmetry (L) complexes with substantially broadened spectra seen with enzymes and strongly chelating ligands. The fraction of cellular Mn present as H-complexes (H-Mn), as measured by EPR of live, nonirradiated Mn-replete cells, is now the strongest known gauge of biological IR resistance between and within organisms representing all three domains of life: Antioxidant H-Mn complexes, not antioxidant enzymes (e.g., Mn superoxide dismutase), govern IR survival. As the pool of intracellular metabolites needed to form H-Mn complexes depends on the nutritional status of the cell, we conclude that IR resistance is predominantly a metabolic phenomenon. In a cross-kingdom analysis, the vast differences in taxonomic classification, genome size, and radioresistance between cell types studied here support that IR resistance is not controlled by the repertoire of DNA repair and antioxidant enzymes.
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Date Issued: 2017-10-31
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29042516, 10.1073/pnas.1713608114, PMC5676931, 29042516, 29042516, 1713608114
Format: Citation

Title: A confidence building exercise in data and identifiability: Modeling cancer chemotherapy as a case study..
Creator: Eisenberg, Marisa C, Jain, Harsh V
Abstract/Description: Mathematical modeling has a long history in the field of cancer therapeutics, and there is increasing recognition that it can help uncover the mechanisms that underlie tumor response to treatment. However, making quantitative predictions with such models often requires parameter estimation from data, raising questions of parameter identifiability and estimability. Even in the case of structural (theoretical) identifiability, imperfect data and the resulting practical unidentifiability of...
Show moreMathematical modeling has a long history in the field of cancer therapeutics, and there is increasing recognition that it can help uncover the mechanisms that underlie tumor response to treatment. However, making quantitative predictions with such models often requires parameter estimation from data, raising questions of parameter identifiability and estimability. Even in the case of structural (theoretical) identifiability, imperfect data and the resulting practical unidentifiability of model parameters can make it difficult to infer the desired information, and in some cases, to yield biologically correct inferences and predictions. Here, we examine parameter identifiability and estimability using a case study of two compartmental, ordinary differential equation models of cancer treatment with drugs that are cell cycle-specific (taxol) as well as non-specific (oxaliplatin). We proceed through model building, structural identifiability analysis, parameter estimation, practical identifiability analysis and its biological implications, as well as alternative data collection protocols and experimental designs that render the model identifiable. We use the differential algebra/input-output relationship approach for structural identifiability, and primarily the profile likelihood approach for practical identifiability. Despite the models being structurally identifiable, we show that without consideration of practical identifiability, incorrect cell cycle distributions can be inferred, that would result in suboptimal therapeutic choices. We illustrate the usefulness of estimating practically identifiable combinations (in addition to the more typically considered structurally identifiable combinations) in generating biologically meaningful insights. We also use simulated data to evaluate how the practical identifiability of the model would change under alternative experimental designs. These results highlight the importance of understanding the underlying mechanisms rather than purely using parsimony or information criteria/goodness-of-fit to decide model selection questions. The overall roadmap for identifiability testing laid out here can be used to help provide mechanistic insight into complex biological phenomena, reduce experimental costs, and optimize model-driven experimentation.
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Date Issued: 2017-10-27
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28733187, 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.07.018, PMC6007023, 28733187, 28733187, S0022-5193(17)30345-4
Format: Citation

Title: Structure of FUS Protein Fibrils and Its Relevance to Self-Assembly and Phase Separation of Low-Complexity Domains.
Creator: Murray, Dylan T, Kato, Masato, Lin, Yi, Thurber, Kent R, Hung, Ivan, McKnight, Steven L, Tycko, Robert
Abstract/Description: Polymerization and phase separation of proteins containing low-complexity (LC) domains are important factors in gene expression, mRNA processing and trafficking, and localization of translation. We have used solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance methods to characterize the molecular structure of self-assembling fibrils formed by the LC domain of the fused in sarcoma (FUS) RNA-binding protein. From the 214-residue LC domain of FUS (FUS-LC), a segment of only 57 residues forms the fibril core,...
Show morePolymerization and phase separation of proteins containing low-complexity (LC) domains are important factors in gene expression, mRNA processing and trafficking, and localization of translation. We have used solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance methods to characterize the molecular structure of self-assembling fibrils formed by the LC domain of the fused in sarcoma (FUS) RNA-binding protein. From the 214-residue LC domain of FUS (FUS-LC), a segment of only 57 residues forms the fibril core, while other segments remain dynamically disordered. Unlike pathogenic amyloid fibrils, FUS-LC fibrils lack hydrophobic interactions within the core and are not polymorphic at the molecular structural level. Phosphorylation of core-forming residues by DNA-dependent protein kinase blocks binding of soluble FUS-LC to FUS-LC hydrogels and dissolves phase-separated, liquid-like FUS-LC droplets. These studies offer a structural basis for understanding LC domain self-assembly, phase separation, and regulation by post-translational modification.
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Date Issued: 2017-10-19
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28942918, 10.1016/j.cell.2017.08.048, PMC5650524, 28942918, 28942918, S0092-8674(17)31007-3
Format: Citation

Title: Intrinsic disorder within AKAP79 fine-tunes anchored phosphatase activity toward substrates and drug sensitivity.
Creator: Nygren, Patrick J, Mehta, Sohum, Schweppe, Devin K, Langeberg, Lorene K, Whiting, Jennifer L, Weisbrod, Chad R, Bruce, James E, Zhang, Jin, Veesler, David, Scott, John D
Abstract/Description: Scaffolding the calcium/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase 2B (PP2B, calcineurin) focuses and insulates termination of local second messenger responses. Conformational flexibility in regions of intrinsic disorder within A-kinase anchoring protein 79 (AKAP79) delineates PP2B access to phosphoproteins. Structural analysis by negative-stain electron microscopy (EM) reveals an ensemble of dormant AKAP79-PP2B configurations varying in particle length from 160 to 240 Å. A short-linear interaction...
Show moreScaffolding the calcium/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase 2B (PP2B, calcineurin) focuses and insulates termination of local second messenger responses. Conformational flexibility in regions of intrinsic disorder within A-kinase anchoring protein 79 (AKAP79) delineates PP2B access to phosphoproteins. Structural analysis by negative-stain electron microscopy (EM) reveals an ensemble of dormant AKAP79-PP2B configurations varying in particle length from 160 to 240 Å. A short-linear interaction motif between residues 337-343 of AKAP79 is the sole PP2B-anchoring determinant sustaining these diverse topologies. Activation with Ca2/calmodulin engages additional interactive surfaces and condenses these conformational variants into a uniform population with mean length 178 ± 17 Å. This includes a Leu-Lys-Ile-Pro sequence (residues 125-128 of AKAP79) that occupies a binding pocket on PP2B utilized by the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin. Live-cell imaging with fluorescent activity-sensors infers that this region fine-tunes calcium responsiveness and drug sensitivity of the anchored phosphatase.
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Date Issued: 2017-10-02
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28967377, 10.7554/eLife.30872, PMC5653234, 28967377, 28967377, 30872
Format: Citation

Title: Distinguishing neuronal from astrocytic subcellular microstructures using in vivo Double Diffusion Encoded 1H MRS at 21.1 T.
Creator: Shemesh, Noam, Rosenberg, Jens T, Dumez, Jean-Nicolas, Grant, Samuel C, Frydman, Lucio
Abstract/Description: Measuring cellular microstructures non-invasively and achieving specificity towards a cell-type population within an interrogated in vivo tissue, remains an outstanding challenge in brain research. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) provides an opportunity to achieve cellular specificity via the spectral resolution of metabolites such as N-Acetylaspartate (NAA) and myo-Inositol (mI), which are considered neuronal and astrocytic markers, respectively. Yet the information typically obtained...
Show moreMeasuring cellular microstructures non-invasively and achieving specificity towards a cell-type population within an interrogated in vivo tissue, remains an outstanding challenge in brain research. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) provides an opportunity to achieve cellular specificity via the spectral resolution of metabolites such as N-Acetylaspartate (NAA) and myo-Inositol (mI), which are considered neuronal and astrocytic markers, respectively. Yet the information typically obtained with MRS describes metabolic concentrations, diffusion coefficients or relaxation rates rather than microstructures. Understanding how these metabolites are compartmentalized is a challenging but important goal, which so far has been mainly addressed using diffusion models. Here, we present direct in vivo evidence for the confinement of NAA and mI within sub-cellular components, namely, the randomly oriented process of neurons and astrocytes, respectively. Our approach applied Relaxation Enhanced MRS at ultrahigh (21.1 T) field, and used its high 1H sensitivity to measure restricted diffusion correlations for NAA and mI using a Double Diffusion Encoding (DDE) filter. While very low macroscopic anisotropy was revealed by spatially localized Diffusion Tensor Spectroscopy, DDE displayed characteristic amplitude modulations reporting on confinements in otherwise randomly oriented anisotropic microstructures for both metabolites. This implies that for the chosen set of parameters, the DDE measurements had a biased sensitivity towards NAA and mI sited in the more confined environments of neurites and astrocytic branches, than in the cell somata. These measurements thus provide intrinsic diffusivities and compartment diameters, and revealed subcellular neuronal and astrocytic morphologies in normal in vivo rat brains. The relevance of these measurements towards human applications-which could in turn help understand CNS plasticity as well as diagnose brain diseases-is discussed.
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Date Issued: 2017-10-02
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28968410, 10.1371/journal.pone.0185232, PMC5624579, 28968410, 28968410, PONE-D-17-12913
Format: Citation

Title: Feeling Older and the Development of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia.
Creator: Stephan, Yannick, Sutin, Angelina R, Luchetti, Martina, Terracciano, Antonio
Abstract/Description: Subjective age is a biopsychosocial marker of aging associated with a range of outcomes in old age. In the domain of cognition, feeling older than one's chronological age is related to lower cognitive performance and steeper cognitive decline among older adults. The present study examines whether an older subjective age is associated with the risk of incident cognitive impairment and dementia. Participants were 5,748 individuals aged 65 years and older drawn from the Health and Retirement...
Show moreSubjective age is a biopsychosocial marker of aging associated with a range of outcomes in old age. In the domain of cognition, feeling older than one's chronological age is related to lower cognitive performance and steeper cognitive decline among older adults. The present study examines whether an older subjective age is associated with the risk of incident cognitive impairment and dementia. Participants were 5,748 individuals aged 65 years and older drawn from the Health and Retirement Study. Measures of subjective age, cognition, and covariates were obtained at baseline, and follow-up cognition was assessed over a 2- to 4-year period. Only participants without cognitive impairment were included at baseline. At follow-up, participants were classified into one of the three categories: normal functioning, cognitive impairment without dementia (CIND), and dementia. An older subjective age at baseline was associated with higher likelihood of CIND (odds ratio [OR] = 1.18; 1.09-1.28) and dementia (OR = 1.29; 1.02-1.63) at follow-up, controlling for chronological age, other demographic factors, and baseline cognition. Physical inactivity and depressive symptoms partly accounted for these associations. An older subjective age is a marker of individuals' risk of subsequent cognitive impairment and dementia.
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Date Issued: 2017-10-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27436103, 10.1093/geronb/gbw085, PMC5927095, 27436103, 27436103, gbw085
Format: Citation

Title: When Emotional Pain Becomes Physical: Adverse Childhood Experiences, Pain, and the Role of Mood and Anxiety Disorders..
Creator: Sachs-Ericsson, Natalie J, Sheffler, Julia L, Stanley, Ian H, Piazza, Jennifer R, Preacher, Kristopher J
Abstract/Description: We examined the association between retrospective reports of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and painful medical conditions. We also examined the mediating and moderating roles of mood and anxiety disorders in the ACEs-painful medical conditions relationship. Ten-year longitudinal data were obtained from the National Comorbidity Surveys (NCS-1, NCS-2; N = 5001). The NCS-1 obtained reports of ACEs, current health conditions, current pain severity, and mood and anxiety disorders. The NCS-2...
Show moreWe examined the association between retrospective reports of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and painful medical conditions. We also examined the mediating and moderating roles of mood and anxiety disorders in the ACEs-painful medical conditions relationship. Ten-year longitudinal data were obtained from the National Comorbidity Surveys (NCS-1, NCS-2; N = 5001). The NCS-1 obtained reports of ACEs, current health conditions, current pain severity, and mood and anxiety disorders. The NCS-2 assessed for painful medical conditions (e.g., arthritis/rheumatism, chronic back/neck problems, severe headaches, other chronic pain). Specific ACEs (e.g., verbal and sexual abuse, parental psychopathology, and early parental loss) were associated with the painful medical conditions. Baseline measures of depression, bipolar disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder were also associated with the number of painful medical conditions. Anxiety and mood disorders were found to partially mediate the ACEs-painful medical conditions relationship. We determined through mediation analyses that ACEs were linked to an increase in anxiety and mood disorders, which, in turn, were associated with an increase in the number of painful medical conditions. We determined through moderation analyses that ACEs had an effect on increasing the painful medical conditions at both high and low levels of anxiety and mood disorders; though, surprisingly, the effect was greater among participants at lower levels of mood and anxiety disorders. There are pernicious effects of ACEs across mental and physical domains. Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress response and the theory of reserve capacity are reviewed to integrate our findings of the complex relationships.
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Date Issued: 2017-10-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28328011, 10.1002/jclp.22444, PMC6098699, 28328011, 28328011
Format: Citation

Title: Treatment non-response: Associations with smoking expectancies among treatment-seeking smokers..
Creator: Garey, Lorra, Taha, Samar A, Kauffman, Brooke Y, Manning, Kara F, Neighbors, Clayton, Schmidt, Norman B, Zvolensky, Michael J
Abstract/Description: Despite the high rate of smoking cessation treatment non-response, relatively little empirical work has examined predictors of treatment non-response. The present study sought to explore the effect of smoking outcome expectancies on treatment response in a sample of treatment-seeking adult daily smokers (N=182; 53.3% female; M=40.67; SD=13.63). Results indicated that expectancies for smoking to reduce negative affect were related to an increased likelihood of treatment non-response (OR=0.73,...
Show moreDespite the high rate of smoking cessation treatment non-response, relatively little empirical work has examined predictors of treatment non-response. The present study sought to explore the effect of smoking outcome expectancies on treatment response in a sample of treatment-seeking adult daily smokers (N=182; 53.3% female; M=40.67; SD=13.63). Results indicated that expectancies for smoking to reduce negative affect were related to an increased likelihood of treatment non-response (OR=0.73, CI: 0.54, 0.98). These findings remained significant after controlling for sex, presence of Axis I disorder, tobacco-related health problems, tobacco dependence, anxiety sensitivity, and condition assignment as well as other smoking expectancy dimensions. Post hoc analyses revealed that this relation was stronger for smokers in the integrated care condition vs. the standard care condition (Interaction: OR=1.69, CI: 1.05, 2.73). Additionally, expectancies for smoking to enhance positive affect and provide sensory satisfaction were associated with an increased likelihood of treatment response in the standard care condition. The current findings suggest expectancies that smoking will alleviate negative affect may be a risk factor of smoking cessation treatment non-response. Additionally, findings provide evidence that the relation between smoking expectancies and treatment non-response may differ by smoking cessation treatment.
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Date Issued: 2017-10-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_28528227, 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.05.013, PMC5531288, 28528227, 28528227, S0306-4603(17)30183-1
Format: Citation

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