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Title: An Examination of Accessibility at the College of Music at a Large Southeastern University.
Creator: Hethcox, Jessica, Darrow, Alice-Ann, Standley, Jayne M., Gooding, Lori F. (Lori Fogus), Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to examine the accessibility of music concerts and venues at a College of Music at a large Southeastern university. The secondary purpose of the study was to investigate whether accessibility affects participants’ attendance at College of Music events. Members of a patron organization who are frequent attendees at College of Music events served as participants (N=48). Participants completed a questionnaire that included 16 items related to (a) participants’...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to examine the accessibility of music concerts and venues at a College of Music at a large Southeastern university. The secondary purpose of the study was to investigate whether accessibility affects participants’ attendance at College of Music events. Members of a patron organization who are frequent attendees at College of Music events served as participants (N=48). Participants completed a questionnaire that included 16 items related to (a) participants’ demographic information, (b) the accessibility of halls at the College of Music for people with physical disabilities, hearing loss, and vision loss, (c) accessibility of the box office and parking, and, (d) how accessibility affects participants’ concert attendance. Results indicated the majority of participants reported the halls at the College of Music were accessible for people with physical disabilities, hearing loss, and vision loss. Other findings were: (1) parking is the greatest challenge for participants when attending College of Music events, (2) the concert box office for purchasing tickets is accessible, (3) participants do not research information on accessibility before events; therefore, have little knowledge that accessibility information is available, (4) accessibility does not affect participants’ attendance at College of Music events; however, parking and accessibility of the drop off area for some halls discourages them from bringing older family members and friends for whom walking any distance is a challenge. These findings indicate participants perceive the College of Music’s accessibility efforts positively regarding their concert attendance.
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Date Issued: 2019
Identifier: 2019_Spring_Hethcox_fsu_0071N_15190
Format: Thesis

Title: Music Therapy Degree Programs: Forecasting Enrollment, Program Development, and Faculty Demand.
Creator: Iwamasa, Dawn Ayume, Gooding, Lori F. (Lori Fogus), Weissert, William G., Standley, Jayne M., Madsen, Clifford K., Thrasher, Michael, Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: Music therapy degree programs originated in the 1940s and while programs have come and gone, not much was known about the profession’s trends. The current education policy was adopted in 2000, two years after the National Association for Music Therapy and the American Association for Music Therapy unified to form one governing organization called the American Music Therapy Association. In the decades since the first degree program was started, research focused primarily around entry-level...
Show moreMusic therapy degree programs originated in the 1940s and while programs have come and gone, not much was known about the profession’s trends. The current education policy was adopted in 2000, two years after the National Association for Music Therapy and the American Association for Music Therapy unified to form one governing organization called the American Music Therapy Association. In the decades since the first degree program was started, research focused primarily around entry-level competencies and curriculum issues. While the profession encountered meaningful growth in degree programs and enrollment, concerns were expressed regarding a possible shortage of doctorally prepared faculty. Full-time faculty openings are increasing along with a growing number of programs. Enrollment in undergraduate and master’s degree programs are also increasing. Hence, it is imperative that program trends and demand for qualified educators be examined. However, forecasting growth in programs, enrollment, and the need for faculty have not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to provide a descriptive analysis of current degree programs and full-time faculty, and to forecast future development of degree programs, enrollment, and the need for qualified faculty for the coming decade. The Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was used as the forecasting method and the models predict that music therapy degree programs will grow a modest 6% compared to the prior decade’s 17% growth. Music therapy enrollment at NASM accredited schools, will grow more rapidly at 34%, however it is still less than the 65% growth experienced from 2000 to 2018. Demand for new full-time faculty was estimated based on retirement trends and enrollment projections. The need for new faculty will expand by 80 full-time positions through 2030. Limitations of the study, the culture of higher education and its impact on future degree program development and faculty recruitment, as well as policy considerations are discussed.
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Date Issued: 2019
Identifier: 2019_Spring_Iwamasa_fsu_0071E_15130
Format: Thesis

Title: An Analysis of Music Therapy and Music Education Intergenerational Programs and Their Importance to the Psychosocial, Physical, and Cognitive Needs of Older Adults.
Creator: Camareno, Nicole, Gooding, Lori F. (Lori Fogus), Standley, Jayne M., Gregory, Sarah Dianne, Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: The purposes of this study were to: (a) analyze trends in music therapy and music education intergenerational programs pertaining to older adults; (b) identify the most important components pertaining to the psychosocial, physical, and cognitive needs of older adults in intergenerational programs; and (c) demonstrate their importance to the older adult population. Results indicated that intergenerational music programs were increased community engagement and were more effective in larger...
Show moreThe purposes of this study were to: (a) analyze trends in music therapy and music education intergenerational programs pertaining to older adults; (b) identify the most important components pertaining to the psychosocial, physical, and cognitive needs of older adults in intergenerational programs; and (c) demonstrate their importance to the older adult population. Results indicated that intergenerational music programs were increased community engagement and were more effective in larger groups because more people could benefit from the outcomes of such programs. Furthermore, a systematic literature search indicated that both music therapy and music education intergenerational programs encompass the psychosocial, physical, and cognitive needs of older adults through interventions such as increasing breath support, interacting with a younger generation, and including choreographed movements. In conclusion, both music therapy and music education intergenerational programs are important to the older adult population; while the areas focus on dissimilar interventions at times, the goal is always the same: increase the quality of life in those actively aging.
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Date Issued: 2019
Identifier: 2019_Spring_Camareno_fsu_0071N_15243
Format: Thesis

Title: Training Parents in Multimodal Neurological Enhancement: A Survey of NICU Music Therapists.
Creator: Whelan, Madison L. (Madison Louise), Standley, Jayne M., Gooding, Lori F. (Lori Fogus), VanWeelden, Kimberly D., Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: Training parents in Multimodal Neurological Enhancement (MNE) provides parents an opportunity for meaningful interaction with their infant, which has positive benefits for both the parent and the infant. However, little research exists that identifies current practices in providing parents training in MNE. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the training of parents of preterm infants in Multimodal Neurological Enhancement by music therapists. Invitations to participate in...
Show moreTraining parents in Multimodal Neurological Enhancement (MNE) provides parents an opportunity for meaningful interaction with their infant, which has positive benefits for both the parent and the infant. However, little research exists that identifies current practices in providing parents training in MNE. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the training of parents of preterm infants in Multimodal Neurological Enhancement by music therapists. Invitations to participate in the study, including a link to the Qualtrics survey, were sent to 254 email addresses listed on the National Institute for Infant & Child Medical Music Therapy registry. For responses to be included for analysis, respondents had to consent to participate in the study, hold the credential MT-BC, have the designation NICU-MT, and have worked professionally within the NICU within the last 5 years. Thirty-four music therapists (15.59%) responded to the survey, but only 28 met inclusion criteria (N = 28). Eighteen participants (64%) reported providing parents training in MNE. Eighty-three percent of those 18 participants provided an average of 0-2 trainings per week. Responses indicate that while most NICU-MTs perceive parents to benefit from trainings, a number of barriers (institutional, personal, or having to do with parents) exist that impede implementation. Further results and implications for clinical practice are discussed within the paper.
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Date Issued: 2019
Identifier: 2019_Spring_Whelan_fsu_0071N_15208
Format: Thesis

Title: Sing with Me: A Survey to Guide Development of an In-Home Developmental Curriculum for Premature Infants Post-Discharge from a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.
Creator: Riling, Alison Faye, Gooding, Lori F. (Lori Fogus), Standley, Jayne M., Darrow, Alice-Ann, Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: According to 2017 CDC statistics (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), 1 in 10 infants in the United States are born prematurely. Preterm infants may demonstrate a delay in reaching developmental milestones due to extended hospitalization; however, developmental-based programs like music therapy may offset these delays. Limited research exists exploring follow-up services to offset developmental delays for infants admitted into the NICU upon discharge. The purpose of this study was to...
Show moreAccording to 2017 CDC statistics (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), 1 in 10 infants in the United States are born prematurely. Preterm infants may demonstrate a delay in reaching developmental milestones due to extended hospitalization; however, developmental-based programs like music therapy may offset these delays. Limited research exists exploring follow-up services to offset developmental delays for infants admitted into the NICU upon discharge. The purpose of this study was to survey current music therapists to determine the current needs in the NICU, as well as provide research to assist in the development of follow-up music therapy interventions post discharge. Twenty-eight board certified music therapists who have or currently do work in the NICU participated in an online survey. Participants' responses indicated that all participants completed NICU-MT training, with more than half reporting both having 1-3 years of experience as well as working with a minimum of 7 infants per week. The majority of the participants reported providing parent training in the NICU as well as educational resources prior to discharge. Lastly, the majority of participants responded in agreement regarding the potential benefit for follow-up music therapy services post-discharge.
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Date Issued: 2019
Identifier: 2019_Summer_Riling_fsu_0071N_15432
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effects of a Single Music-Assisted Mindfulness Relaxation (MAMR) and Psychoeducation Session with Electronic Resource on Wellbeing of Informal Caregivers.
Creator: Steiner, Adrienne Claire, Gooding, Lori F. (Lori Fogus), Holzman, Bruce, Standley, Jayne M., VanWeelden, Kimberly D., Carr, Dawn C., Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: Various health conditions, and/or aging can result in the need for care assistance. The number of Americans who need care assistance has grown over the past several decades, with the amount expected to increase as the number of individuals entering older adulthood rises. Informal caregivers are those who assist others with medical or other personal tasks without pay. Due to the complex demands of caregiving, informal caregivers often report high levels of stress and decreases in psychosocial...
Show moreVarious health conditions, and/or aging can result in the need for care assistance. The number of Americans who need care assistance has grown over the past several decades, with the amount expected to increase as the number of individuals entering older adulthood rises. Informal caregivers are those who assist others with medical or other personal tasks without pay. Due to the complex demands of caregiving, informal caregivers often report high levels of stress and decreases in psychosocial wellbeing, especially when compared to those who are not caregivers. Research has indicated the need for support interventions to address informal caregivers' needs, yet the unique needs of this population have posed challenges in developing appropriate and accessible resources. The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate the effects of a single music therapy session utilizing a music-assisted mindfulness relaxation intervention with psychoeducation session and electronic resource on psychosocial wellbeing of informal caregivers of adults with chronic health needs. Intervention data collection sessions were conducted at an adult day facility, community wellness clinic, and community church sites, and were led by a board-certified music therapist. The intervention facilitated was a music-assisted relaxation exercise utilizing research-supported live guitar accompaniment, guided breathing prompts, imagery, and a spoken mindfulness loving-kindness meditation. Following the music-assisted mindfulness relaxation (MAMR), a psychoeducation discussion was facilitated to educate participants about the techniques experienced and provide strategies for incorporating into daily life practices. Participants were given an electronic recording of the same MAMR done in the intervention session and prompted to use the resource in their preferred manner over a two-week time period. Participants, who were adults aged 62-89 and provided assistance to an individual over the age of 50 for at least five hours per week, for at least the past three months. Perceived stress and wellbeing were measured along with participants' perception of the MAMR intervention and MAMR electronic resource. Perceived stress was measured using a researcher created tool (Likert-type scale) and wellbeing was measured using the WHO (Five) Wellbeing Index (1998 version). Subjects completed the perceived stress score before and following the intervention. The WHO wellbeing index was completed by participants prior to the intervention and two-weeks post session. Results indicated there was a significant difference between perceived stress scores prior to and following the MAMR intervention. Further analysis of perceived stress difference score indicated no difference between those who lived with the care receiver and those who did not. However, results did indicate a significant difference between those who engaged a minimum to moderate level and those who engaged at a maximum level in caregiving duties. Results of WHO wellbeing analysis also indicated a significant difference between scores from pre intervention to two-weeks post intervention. Further analysis indicated there was not a significant difference in WHO wellbeing difference scores between those who used the intervention one time or not at all, and those who used the intervention two times or more. No significant difference was found between those who lived with care receiver and those who did not, and those with minimum to moderate caregiving levels and those with maximum caregiving levels and WHO wellbeing difference scores. Participants' perception of the intervention indicated the use of several techniques when facilitating a similar music-assisted relaxation with informal caregivers in clinical music therapy practice. The outcomes of this study warrant the need for future research to determine effective ways to use this intervention with the informal caregiving population.
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Date Issued: 2019
Identifier: 2019_Summer_Steiner_fsu_0071E_15342
Format: Thesis

Title: Availability of Information on the Web Regarding National Roster Music Therapy Internships: A Content Analysis.
Creator: McCrea, Casie Rose, Gooding, Lori F. (Lori Fogus), Standley, Jayne M., Gregory, Sarah Dianne, Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: Music therapy is a rapidly growing allied health profession. In order to become a board-certified music therapist (MT-BC), one must complete a college degree program approved by the American Music Therapy Association, which includes an AMTA approved program of study and a six-month internship under the supervision of an MT-BC in good standing with the Certification Board of Music Therapy. This study focused on the six-month internship aspect of training. A content analysis was conducted to...
Show moreMusic therapy is a rapidly growing allied health profession. In order to become a board-certified music therapist (MT-BC), one must complete a college degree program approved by the American Music Therapy Association, which includes an AMTA approved program of study and a six-month internship under the supervision of an MT-BC in good standing with the Certification Board of Music Therapy. This study focused on the six-month internship aspect of training. A content analysis was conducted to determine what information is available on the web to aid prospective music therapy interns in deciding where they will apply, and to aid internship sites to receive applicants who are likely to fit well with the existing program. A web search was conducted using the National Roster Internship link found on the "Education and Careers" tab of the American Music Therapy Association website, which yielded 64 results (N=64). Of the sample (N=64), 52 sites were active and 12 were inactive, 31 had a website/tab/link, and 33 did not. Additionally, five internship sites had a Facebook page. Twenty-nine (45.3%) of the National Roster Internship sites did not have information available on the web to be assessed, meaning (n=35) internship sites remained for consideration in data collection. A total of 15 categories of information were assessed for all websites included in the analysis, and "music therapy" was the only category investigated listed consistently across 100% of all websites. The lack of consistent information may inhibit accurate internship comparisons for students as they seek information about internship placements.
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Date Issued: 2019
Identifier: 2019_Summer_McCrea_fsu_0071N_15372
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effect of Music Therapy Services on the FIM Scores of Patients with Aphasia in Neurorehabilitation.
Creator: Denne, Alexandria, Gooding, Lori F. (Lori Fogus), Standley, Jayne M., VanWeelden, Kimberly D., Byrnes, Suzanne Rita, Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: Neurologic Music Therapy is a type of music therapy based in neuroscience research and is utilized in neurorehabilitation settings. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of music therapy services on Functional Independence Measure scores on patients with aphasia secondary to a stroke in a neurorehabilitation setting. Participants (N = 90) were adults 18 – 81 years old who were previous patients at a southeastern rehabilitation hospital between the years of 2016 and 2017....
Show moreNeurologic Music Therapy is a type of music therapy based in neuroscience research and is utilized in neurorehabilitation settings. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of music therapy services on Functional Independence Measure scores on patients with aphasia secondary to a stroke in a neurorehabilitation setting. Participants (N = 90) were adults 18 – 81 years old who were previous patients at a southeastern rehabilitation hospital between the years of 2016 and 2017. Participants were cross-matched into music groups and non-music groups based on age, gender, and if music therapy services were received and t-tests were calculated for comprehension, expression, and social interaction FIM score changes. Overall results indicated no significant differences between the music and non-music groups, although the Means for the music group were high than the non-music group. Findings suggested that music therapy is important in rehabilitation settings as it increases functional language scores. Limitations are discussed.
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Date Issued: 2019
Identifier: 2019_Fall_Denne_fsu_0071N_15603
Format: Thesis

Title: Music Therapy with Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder on YouTube: A Content Analysis.
Creator: Fernandez, Erica Marie, Gooding, Lori F. (Lori Fogus), Standley, Jayne M., Darrow, Alice-Ann, Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: The use of music therapy interventions with veteran populations is increasing because of music therapy’s unique ability to integrate music interventions that facilitate functions of daily living. The purpose of this study was to investigate how music therapy with veterans with PTSD is portrayed in videos on the social media platform YouTube. The search term music therapy veterans was entered in the search box on YouTube, which generated 75 videos hits for further investigation. To narrow the...
Show moreThe use of music therapy interventions with veteran populations is increasing because of music therapy’s unique ability to integrate music interventions that facilitate functions of daily living. The purpose of this study was to investigate how music therapy with veterans with PTSD is portrayed in videos on the social media platform YouTube. The search term music therapy veterans was entered in the search box on YouTube, which generated 75 videos hits for further investigation. To narrow the search, only videos that (1) contained the term music therapy in the title, (2) were published between 2014 and 2019, and (3) were 4 minutes or less in length were considered for further analysis. This resulted in a total of 29 videos for analysis. To determine the results, a content rubric was used to analyze 6 categories: music therapy, board-certified music therapist, veteran personnel, goals and objectives, interventions, and research. Overall the results showed that 55% (n= 16) of the videos did not explain/discuss what music therapy was and only 14% (n= 4) of videos accurately explained music therapy. To advocate for the field of music therapy it is imperative that the videos that are published on YouTube are accurate.
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Date Issued: 2019
Identifier: 2019_Fall_Fernandez_fsu_0071N_15595
Format: Thesis

Title: Music Therapy as a Helpful Tool for Student Veterans in Higher Education.
Creator: Latimer, Laughvon, Standley, Jayne M., Madsen, Clifford K., Darrow, Alice-Ann, Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this research was to highlight the issues student veterans face when transitioning from active military service, a deployment culture, and an armed forces lifestyle to civilian life, becoming a student-veteran, and an asset to potential employers. Included are specifics of becoming a veteran, the transitional phases of a veteran returning to the civilian life and the employment sector, how the military and government actively provide services and resources from military...
Show moreThe purpose of this research was to highlight the issues student veterans face when transitioning from active military service, a deployment culture, and an armed forces lifestyle to civilian life, becoming a student-veteran, and an asset to potential employers. Included are specifics of becoming a veteran, the transitional phases of a veteran returning to the civilian life and the employment sector, how the military and government actively provide services and resources from military discharge, the criteria for eligibility of benefits, and resources to receive those benefits. Also included are a history of student veterans in higher education, discussion of the student-veteran encounter with faculty, staff, and administrators, and a campus ready understanding of the military culture. Additionally, resources in universities to accommodate incoming student-veterans to better acclimate them to higher education and the environment are delineated issues as are student-veterans and mental health. Discussion of music therapy as a coping resource and other benefits for student veterans in higher education conclude the discussion.
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Date Issued: 2019
Identifier: 2019_Fall_Latimer_fsu_0071N_15639
Format: Thesis

Title: Stressors among Performance Majors Regarding Their Upcoming Professional Careers.
Creator: Lewis, Ashley Marie, Gooding, Lori F. (Lori Fogus), Standley, Jayne M., VanWeelden, Kimberly D., Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study is to investigate stressors among soon-to-be graduating instrumental, vocal, and theatre performance majors. Seventy-two possible performance stressors were compiled into 8 categories: Creative, Intellectual, Lifestyle, Business, Physical, Cognitive, Emotional/ Psychological, and Social with the intention to examine prevalence among performance majors as well as similarities and differences between categories. Participants (N=45) for this study were performance...
Show moreThe purpose of this study is to investigate stressors among soon-to-be graduating instrumental, vocal, and theatre performance majors. Seventy-two possible performance stressors were compiled into 8 categories: Creative, Intellectual, Lifestyle, Business, Physical, Cognitive, Emotional/ Psychological, and Social with the intention to examine prevalence among performance majors as well as similarities and differences between categories. Participants (N=45) for this study were performance majors within areas of Music Theatre, Vocal Performance, and Instrumental (Woodwinds/Brass, Piano) Performance who answered a 72-item survey. Results showed that Lifestyle, Cognitive, Emotional/Psychological, and Business categories including building a professional resume, overall perception of failure, feelings of inadequacy/rejection, and job instability are among the highest rated stressors and stressor categories for performers. Further results and implications are discussed within the paper.
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Date Issued: 2019
Identifier: 2019_Fall_Lewis_fsu_0071N_15605
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effect of Vocal Style on Perceived Empathy, Rapport, Patient Engagement, and Competency of Music Therapists.
Creator: Jones, Sally Ann, Gooding, Lori F., Standley, Jayne M., VanWeelden, Kimberly D., Florida State University, College of Music, College of Music
Abstract/Description: Music therapy is unique due to the integration of music and therapeutic interactions to achieve functional outcomes among clients. The purpose of this study was to investigate if singing with accurate vocal style in a music therapy session affected perceived therapeutic outcomes of a music therapy session, including perceived empathy and competency of music therapists, rapport between patient and therapist, therapeutic value of interactions, and patient engagement. Participants (N = 42) were...
Show moreMusic therapy is unique due to the integration of music and therapeutic interactions to achieve functional outcomes among clients. The purpose of this study was to investigate if singing with accurate vocal style in a music therapy session affected perceived therapeutic outcomes of a music therapy session, including perceived empathy and competency of music therapists, rapport between patient and therapist, therapeutic value of interactions, and patient engagement. Participants (N = 42) were adults 20 – 81 years old who were part of the music ministry at a local religious organization. Participants were randomly assigned to four groups and viewed a series of four videos depicting a mock music therapy session that included excerpts of a gospel, jazz, pop, and country song either with or without vocal style. Participants rated dependent measures on a five-point Likert-type rating scale. Overall results indicated a significant difference between no style and style genres regardless of therapeutic outcome measure or musical genre. Further results showed significant differences in perceived rapport, therapeutic value, and patient engagement in country, jazz, and gospel genres and perceived competency in the jazz genre. Findings suggested that vocal style is important in music therapy practice as it enhances perceived therapeutic outcomes. Implications for practice are discussed.
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Date Issued: 2018
Identifier: 2018_Sp_Jones_fsu_0071N_14557
Format: Thesis

Title: The Long-Term Effect of Music Therapy on Nurses' Self-Perceived Stress Levels.
Creator: Steele, Erica D. (Erica Danielle), Standley, Jayne M., Gregory, Sarah Dianne, Madsen, Clifford K., Florida State University, College of Music, College of Music
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to explore the long-term effect of music therapy intervention (in this case, progressive muscle relaxation) on the self-perceived stress levels of nurses compared to nurses not receiving the intervention. Forty-Six participants, who were Registered Nurses on the Oncology units of a hospital, took part in a relaxation study in which their perceived stress levels were recorded on a Likert type scale. Participants were placed in one of two groups: the progressive...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to explore the long-term effect of music therapy intervention (in this case, progressive muscle relaxation) on the self-perceived stress levels of nurses compared to nurses not receiving the intervention. Forty-Six participants, who were Registered Nurses on the Oncology units of a hospital, took part in a relaxation study in which their perceived stress levels were recorded on a Likert type scale. Participants were placed in one of two groups: the progressive muscle relaxation group (PMR), or the control group in which nurses received no relaxation intervention (NR). Results indicated that participants in the NR group or control group had no significant changes in their stress levels over a 12 hour shift period. The PMR group, or intervention group, had significant indications in relaxation between the second stress survey, given prior to the intervention, and the third stress survey given immediately following the progressive muscle relaxation intervention. After a period of 3 hours, the PMR group showed no significant increases or decreases in relaxation between the third and fourth stress survey, indicating the intervention maintained a relaxation effect after a long-term period of time. Correlations between stress and patient care, as well as, stress and job satisfaction were also identified within and between groups. These findings provide evidence of a long-term relaxation effect on stress levels through the use of music therapy intervention and also provide support for the implementation of music therapy intervention for increased medical staff support and well-being.
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Date Issued: 2018
Identifier: 2018_Sp_Steele_fsu_0071N_14356
Format: Thesis

Title: Current Perceptions of Gender Bias in Music Therapy.
Creator: Puhr, Kevin, Standley, Jayne M., Gregory, Sarah Dianne, Madsen, Clifford K., Florida State University, College of Music, College of Music
Abstract/Description: There has been much research conducted to determine the effects of gender bias in healthcare fields such as nursing. However, there has been very little research on this subject done in the field of music therapy. This study attempts to identify the status of gender bias in the field of music therapy. Participants in this study were board certified music therapists currently working (or who have worked) in the field in the United States. This survey included responses from N=560 Board...
Show moreThere has been much research conducted to determine the effects of gender bias in healthcare fields such as nursing. However, there has been very little research on this subject done in the field of music therapy. This study attempts to identify the status of gender bias in the field of music therapy. Participants in this study were board certified music therapists currently working (or who have worked) in the field in the United States. This survey included responses from N=560 Board Certified Music Therapists. Results demonstrated that there was evidence and report of gender bias affecting music therapists (across all genders) working in the field in multiple aspects of their professional life. Gender bias was perceived at much higher rates among males and individuals who identified as non-binary then among females. Despite experiencing bias, the majority of MT-BCs reported having confidence in treating clients with gender differences.
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Date Issued: 2018
Identifier: 2018_Su_Puhr_fsu_0071N_14800
Format: Thesis

Title: Music Therapy and Burnout: A Manual for Addressing, Defining, and Proposing Coping Strategies for Music Therapists Experiencing Burnout.
Creator: Gredler, Kathleen, Standley, Jayne M., Gooding, Lori F., Gregory, Sarah Dianne, Florida State University, College of Music, College of Music
Abstract/Description: The experience of burnout is profound in negatively affecting an individual's professional and personal competency, self-esteem and self-efficacy. Burnout, which demonstrates an acrimonious effect on human service professionals primarily (Freudenberger, 1974), comprises elements like emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and professional inefficacy (Maslach & Jackson, 1981). Professional demands are rapidly growing and the expectation to fulfill magnified requirements to succeed has resulted in a...
Show moreThe experience of burnout is profound in negatively affecting an individual's professional and personal competency, self-esteem and self-efficacy. Burnout, which demonstrates an acrimonious effect on human service professionals primarily (Freudenberger, 1974), comprises elements like emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and professional inefficacy (Maslach & Jackson, 1981). Professional demands are rapidly growing and the expectation to fulfill magnified requirements to succeed has resulted in a drastic increase in burnout experiences in doctors, nurses, teachers, mental health professionals, counselors, and music therapists among others in the past ten years (Brooks et al, 2010; Shanafelt et al, 2015; Britt, Koranne & Rockwood, 2017; Ryan et al, 2017). Burnout across professions is associated with a high caseload, scarce resources, and negative client feedback (Maslach, Schaufeli, & Leiter, 2001). As an occupational side effect, burnout in music therapy has correlated with decreased longevity and increased turnover rates, feelings of depersonalization, heightened anxiety, and physical issues such as fatigue and impaired memory (Decuir & Vega, 2010; Kim, 2012; Clements-Cortes, 2013). However, along with increased incidence of burnout, more individualized, specific, and effective approaches in preventing and treating burnout have emerged. The most prevalent approach has been the sensationalized yet effective concept of self-care, along with self-compassion, self-efficacy, leadership, and collaboration opportunities. Implementation of self-care strategies, tools, and techniques are becoming increasingly more prevalent in addressing and managing symptoms of burnout (Sanchez-Reilly, 2013; Coaston, 2017; Smit, 2017). This treatise provides an overview of burnout, addresses the music therapy specific experiences and conditions of burnout, and provides clinical objectives in assessing and combating burnout among music therapists. The purpose of this treatise is to (1) define burnout in terms specific to caring professions, and specifically music therapy, (2) identify causes of burnout, (3) identify current interventions in addressing burnout, and (4) introduce new clinical perspectives to the experience of burnout among music therapists.
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Date Issued: 2018
Identifier: 2018_Fall_Gredler_fsu_0071N_14935
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effects of a Music Therapy-Based Stress Management Program on Perceived Stress of Inmates with Mental Illness.
Creator: Austin, Molly S. (Molly Susan), Gooding, Lori F., Standley, Jayne M., Madsen, Clifford K., Florida State University, College of Music, College of Music
Abstract/Description: Because of the mental health crisis in America's prison system, there is a need for innovative treatments that help inmates with mental illness to better manage their stress. The purpose of this study was to explore the efficacy of a music therapy-based stress management course on lowering perceived stress levels of inmates with mental illnesses. Participants (N=14) were adult male inmates between the ages of 23 and 61 years old diagnosed with a mental illness receiving treatment on a...
Show moreBecause of the mental health crisis in America's prison system, there is a need for innovative treatments that help inmates with mental illness to better manage their stress. The purpose of this study was to explore the efficacy of a music therapy-based stress management course on lowering perceived stress levels of inmates with mental illnesses. Participants (N=14) were adult male inmates between the ages of 23 and 61 years old diagnosed with a mental illness receiving treatment on a Diversionary Treatment Unit (DTU) at a state prison in northwest Florida. Participants were randomly assigned to participate in either a cognitive behavioral music therapy-based stress management course or a cognitive behavioral talk-based stress management course for four weeks. Participants completed dependent measures that indicated their perceived stress levels before and after the study, and they also completed surveys regarding how helpful they perceived each session to be. Results indicated that perceived stress levels were significantly lower at posttest for both the experimental and control groups. There was no significant difference regarding perceived stress levels between the experimental and control groups. However, session helpfulness surveys indicated that a higher percentage of participants in the experimental condition perceived that the interventions were "very helpful" compared to participants in the control condition. Limitations in the current study and implications for future research and music therapy practice in corrections are discussed.
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Date Issued: 2018
Identifier: 2018_Fall_Austin_fsu_0071N_14940
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effect of Music Therapy on Overall Satisfaction Scores of Caregiver's of Hospice Patients.
Creator: Sachariason, Kathleen, Gooding, Lori F., Standley, Jayne M., Gregory, Sarah Dianne, Florida State University, College of Music, College of Music
Abstract/Description: Music therapy services have been shown to increase patient and caregiver satisfaction with services and their perceptions of the facility where care was received. The purpose of this investigation was to gather data on the effect of routine music therapy services on hospice patients' and families' satisfaction with their overall hospice services. A retrospective chart review of CAHPS satisfaction surveys returned by primary caregivers of hospice patients who had been served in a hospice...
Show moreMusic therapy services have been shown to increase patient and caregiver satisfaction with services and their perceptions of the facility where care was received. The purpose of this investigation was to gather data on the effect of routine music therapy services on hospice patients' and families' satisfaction with their overall hospice services. A retrospective chart review of CAHPS satisfaction surveys returned by primary caregivers of hospice patients who had been served in a hospice program that offers music therapy services located in the Southeastern United States was conducted (N=189). Surveys were assigned to one of two cohorts, patients that received music therapy while on hospice services, and patients who did not receive music therapy. Seven of the 58 questions of the CAHPS survey were analyzed. Overall results indicated there were no significant differences between the means of each group on each of the seven questions. Although significance was not found, findings suggest further research focus on more specific measures of music therapy and satisfaction in the hospice setting.
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Date Issued: 2018
Identifier: 2018_Fall_Sachariason_fsu_0071N_14939
Format: Thesis

Title: The Use of Music Therapy in Adolescent and Children Behavioral Health Populations: A Scoping Review.
Creator: Hofius, Maritza, Gooding, Lori F., Standley, Jayne M., Gregory, Sarah Dianne, Florida State University, College of Music, College of Music
Abstract/Description: Music therapy has been used in the psychiatric setting to improve emotional regulation, increase coping skills and interpersonal skills, and provide a safe therapeutic environment, but evidence on the use of music therapy interventions with adolescents and children is still being developed. A scoping review was conducted to identify the literature and extent of publications that addressed music therapy for adolescents and children in psychiatric settings and their psychiatric measures,...
Show moreMusic therapy has been used in the psychiatric setting to improve emotional regulation, increase coping skills and interpersonal skills, and provide a safe therapeutic environment, but evidence on the use of music therapy interventions with adolescents and children is still being developed. A scoping review was conducted to identify the literature and extent of publications that addressed music therapy for adolescents and children in psychiatric settings and their psychiatric measures, modalities/interventions, and diagnoses. A literature search identified 24 publications that meet the inclusion criteria. Publications included research articles, case studies, literature reviews, and theoretical frameworks. Music therapist used interventions such as improvisation, songwriting, and music listening to achieve better global states for their clients. In studies, music therapists used a range of psychiatric measures with the most used ones being the Child Behavior Checklist and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Positions at outpatient centers and school settings appear to have become more available than those in traditional settings in psychiatric hospitals or residential settings. Findings further suggest that while music therapy research is developing for this population, variability and undefined factors in research lead to limited abilities to replicate or apply research clinical settings.
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Date Issued: 2018
Identifier: 2018_Fall_Hofius_fsu_0071N_14950
Format: Thesis

Title: The Deaf Perspective: A Content Analysis Study to Determine Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Individuals' Perceptions and Attitudes Towards Music.
Creator: Watkins Wilver, Corinne Scalia, Darrow, Alice-Ann, Standley, Jayne M., Gooding, Lori F. (Lori Fogus), Florida State University, College Ofmusic, College of Music
Abstract/Description: The purpose of the present study was to determine deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals’ perceptions and attitudes towards music. Content analysis was used to examine online weblogs, vlogs, videos, and articles written by deaf or hard-of-hearing individuals that focused on the topic of music. Results revealed a total of 27 relevant online sources used in the current study. Of those sources, 215 individual comments about music were analyzed for thematic content and placed into one of 18...
Show moreThe purpose of the present study was to determine deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals’ perceptions and attitudes towards music. Content analysis was used to examine online weblogs, vlogs, videos, and articles written by deaf or hard-of-hearing individuals that focused on the topic of music. Results revealed a total of 27 relevant online sources used in the current study. Of those sources, 215 individual comments about music were analyzed for thematic content and placed into one of 18 separate categories. The five categories or themes with the highest percentages of comments were (1) music experienced through visual or vibratory methods, (2) music and Deaf Culture, (3) personal fulfillment through music, (4) the importance of music, and (5) preference for musical instruments. Of the 215 comments, visual or vibratory stimuli were the most cited methods of experiencing music for Deaf or hard-of-hearing individuals. Many comments in the study stated feeling the vibrations produced by music is vital to being able to fully access the sound. Comments from deaf musicians also cited the importance of feeling the vibrations produced by their instruments to be able to discriminate between pitches. Thirty-seven comments in the study contained material focused on personal fulfillment through music listening, and comments on why music is significant for Deaf or hard-of-hearing individuals. Several comments within the study simply stated and validated that deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals enjoy music listening and participate in music making. Specific examples of comments about music made by deaf individuals can be found within the results section of this paper. Limitations to the study as well as implications for music educators and music therapists are also discussed.
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Date Issued: 2017
Identifier: FSU_FALL2017_Watkins_fsu_0071N_14272
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effects of Contingent Lullaby Music on Parent-Infant Interaction and Amount of Infant Crying in the First Six Weeks of Life.
Creator: Robertson, Amy Marie Cermak, Standley, Jayne M., Holzman, Bruce, Madsen, Clifford K., Geringer, John M., Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a contingent live music intervention on full term infants’ amount of crying and parent-infant interaction in the first six weeks of life. Subjects (N = 65) were parent-infant dyads who were randomly assigned to either a no-contact control or experimental treatment group. The researcher wrote an original lullaby with each mother in the experimental group and gave instructions as to how to use the lullaby as reinforcement for infant quiet,...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a contingent live music intervention on full term infants’ amount of crying and parent-infant interaction in the first six weeks of life. Subjects (N = 65) were parent-infant dyads who were randomly assigned to either a no-contact control or experimental treatment group. The researcher wrote an original lullaby with each mother in the experimental group and gave instructions as to how to use the lullaby as reinforcement for infant quiet, non-crying behavior. All subjects participated in an assessment for infant crying behaviors once a week for six weeks as well as a six-week follow up video of parent-infant interaction. Infant crying behavior was measured by recording the total number of minutes each infant cried one day a week for six weeks. Parent-infant interaction was measured by observation using the LoTTS Parent-Infant Interaction Coding Scale (Beatty, Stacks, Partridge, Tzilos, Loree, & Ondersma, 2011). All participants were asked to complete a Value of Music survey, and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (Cox, Holden, & Sagovsky, 1987). All subjects in the experimental group were assessed once a week for six weeks for total number of times the contingent music was used. Results indicated that training in the contingent music intervention significantly reduced infant crying duration while increasing mother-infant interaction behaviors for mothers in the experimental group. Analysis by demographic variables such as mother parity, socioeconomic status, and marital status showed no significant group differences on infant crying or interaction scores despite the body of research showing these variables usually affect the quality of caregiver/infant involvement and attachment. Mothers that used the contingent music intervention were more motivated to sing and valued the use of music with their infants more than did mothers in the control group. The outcomes of this study warrant the need for further research on additional benefits of decreased crying time on the infant/caregiver relationship including infant sleep time and caregiver stress.
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Date Issued: 2017
Identifier: FSU_SUMMER2017_Robertson_fsu_0071E_13995
Format: Thesis

Title: Music Therapy for Eating Disorders: A Manual for the Use of Music Therapy as an Integrative Therapy for the Treatment of Individuals with Eating Disorders.
Creator: Powers, Leah Elizabeth, Gooding, Lori F. (Lori Fogus), Standley, Jayne M., Gregory, Sarah Diane, Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: An eating disorder is a psychological disorder that affects one’s eating habits. According to a 2011 study, approximately 20 million women and 10 million men in the United States suffer from a clinical eating disorder at some point in their lives (Wade, Keski-Rahkonen, & Hudson, 2011). Eating disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and other disorders (DSM V, 2013). Recent research has indicated that the prevalence of anorexia nervosa is 0.3% in males, 0.9%...
Show moreAn eating disorder is a psychological disorder that affects one’s eating habits. According to a 2011 study, approximately 20 million women and 10 million men in the United States suffer from a clinical eating disorder at some point in their lives (Wade, Keski-Rahkonen, & Hudson, 2011). Eating disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and other disorders (DSM V, 2013). Recent research has indicated that the prevalence of anorexia nervosa is 0.3% in males, 0.9% in females, and 0.3% in adolescents (Hoek, 2006). In 2007, the first national survey to include eating disorders found the prevalence of bulimia nervosa to be 1.5% in the United States (Hudson, Hiripi, Kessler, 2007). The fifth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (2013) was revised to include binge eating disorder, which has a prevalence rate of 2.6% in white women and 4.5% in African American women (DSM V, 2013; Pike, Dohm, Striegel-Moore, & Fairburn, 2001; Striegel-Moore, Wilfley, & Pike, 2000). Though overall prevalence rates are low, eating disorders impact millions of Americans each year, and eating disorders have the highest mortality rate of all psychiatric disorders(Neumarker, 2000). Music therapy, defined as the use of musical interventions to address non-musical goals, has its roots in mental health care (Silverman, 2015). While music therapy is one of the treatment options for individuals with eating disorders, very little research is available regarding music therapy with this population (Hilliard, 2001). This manual provides an overview of music therapy for the treatment of eating disorders with the purpose of better equipping music therapists with the knowledge and tools to serve the growing eating disorder population.
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Date Issued: 2017
Identifier: FSU_SUMMER2017_Powers_fsu_0071N_14050
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effects of Single-Session Music Therapy on Pain, Discomfort, and Anxety in In-Patient Hospice Patients.
Creator: Busé, Jonathan Payne, Gooding, Lori F. (Lori Fogus), Standley, Jayne M., Geringer, John M., Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effects of single-session music therapy on pain, discomfort, and anxiety in in-patient hospice patients. Participants were adults (N=24) receiving hospice care at an in-patient hospice unit. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: experimental (single-session music therapy) and no contact control. Music therapy sessions consisted of Iso principle or music-based life review. The control group received standard care, with no...
Show moreThe purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effects of single-session music therapy on pain, discomfort, and anxiety in in-patient hospice patients. Participants were adults (N=24) receiving hospice care at an in-patient hospice unit. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: experimental (single-session music therapy) and no contact control. Music therapy sessions consisted of Iso principle or music-based life review. The control group received standard care, with no additional services provided. Physiological measures of heart rate, respiration rate, and oxygen saturation level were taken pre- and post-intervention in the music therapy group, and before and after 20 minutes in the control group. Objective nonverbal indicators of pain were also taken during the study-related sessions. Three repeated-measures ANOVAs found no significant differences between groups on physiological measures. Behavioral observations were examined graphically, with trend lines added. While not statistically significant, the music therapy group tended to have more positive responses than the control group. Limitations, implications, and need for future research are discussed.
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Date Issued: 2017
Identifier: FSU_SUMMER2017_Buse_fsu_0071N_14089
Format: Thesis

Title: Music Therapy with Immigrants from Spanish Speaking Countries: A Survey of Families' Perspectives and Experiences of Music Therapy for Their Loved Ones in Hospice Care.
Creator: McQueen, Akiya Imani, Standley, Jayne M., Gregory, Sarah Dianne, Madsen, Clifford K., Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: As the need for multicultural awareness continues to grow, it becomes prevalent in a music therapist career to incorporate music interventions that address diverse culturally based populations. This research paper investigates music therapy with Hispanic immigrants within the United States. It gives information on the culture of this population, their experiences and perspectives of the health care profession, including music therapy, and genres of music that have originated from them.
Date Issued: 2017
Identifier: FSU_2017SP_McQueen_fsu_0071N_13654
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effects of Novel and Familiar Music Therapy Interventions on a Prekindergarten Class' Participation as Measured by Teacher Perception and Rating.
Creator: Dekleva, Jessica Katherine, Gooding, Lori F. (Lori Fogus), Standley, Jayne M., VanWeelden, Kimberly D., Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: While there is an immense amount of research on music therapy in early childhood settings as well as published music therapy curricula for early childhood, there is little to no research on the effects of novel and familiar music therapy interventions on child participation within the group setting. The purpose of this study is to investigate teacher's perceptions of overall class participation levels of prekindergarten children when exposed to novel and familiar music therapy interventions...
Show moreWhile there is an immense amount of research on music therapy in early childhood settings as well as published music therapy curricula for early childhood, there is little to no research on the effects of novel and familiar music therapy interventions on child participation within the group setting. The purpose of this study is to investigate teacher's perceptions of overall class participation levels of prekindergarten children when exposed to novel and familiar music therapy interventions as measured by teacher survey. Teachers' knowledge of music therapy goals for different intervention types was also assessed. Participants (N = 2) were a teacher and early child interventionist for a volunteer prekindergarten (VPK) classroom. Six 30-minute music therapy sessions occurred over the course of three weeks. Each session was comprised of a set order of interventions with the specific interventions varying between novel and familiar conditions for each session. The participants were asked to rate overall class participation levels, identify on- and off-task behaviors that occurred, and record their perceived goals of each intervention. Results indicated no significant differences between the new and familiar conditions regarding participation ratings and identified on- and off-task behaviors. However, valuable information was gained concerning teacher identified goals for each intervention type. For session one, the participants identified goals that matched the preselected goals by the researcher for 50-70% of the interventions whereas the participants identified goals for 100% for session six. This information concludes that exposure to music therapy has the possible implications of increased knowledge of the session's purpose. Further results and implications are discussed within the paper.
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Date Issued: 2017
Identifier: FSU_2017SP_DeKleva_fsu_0071N_13885
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effects of a Music Curriculum on the Pre-Reading and Writing Skills of Three- to Five-Year-Olds in an Inclusive Day Care Setting.
Creator: Ervast, David E., Standley, Jayne M., Darrow, Alice-Ann, VanWeelden, Kimberly D., Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a six-week music curriculum focused on pre-reading and writing skills among three- to five-year-old children in an inclusive day care setting. Music and language have much in common, which is beneficial in the classroom with typically developing children and children with developmental delays or disabilities for pre-reading and writing skills. The commonalities between music and language as well as the role of rhythm in language lend...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a six-week music curriculum focused on pre-reading and writing skills among three- to five-year-old children in an inclusive day care setting. Music and language have much in common, which is beneficial in the classroom with typically developing children and children with developmental delays or disabilities for pre-reading and writing skills. The commonalities between music and language as well as the role of rhythm in language lend themselves well to using music as a teaching tool for language-related skills such as pre-reading, pre-writing, and overall literacy. This study was conducted at an inclusive day care center in the Preschool (ages 3-4; n = 8) and Voluntary Pre-Kindergarten (VPK; ages 4-5; n = 12) classes. The experimental group (n = 11) received reading- and writing-focused music therapy sessions twice a week for six weeks and the control group (n = 9) received regular instruction without music. Each group contained children from the Preschool and VPK classes. Data were collected for each student with three measures of pre-reading and writing skills: the Print Awareness for Words (PAW) measured word recognition, the Print Concepts Checklist (PCC) measured knowledge of book concepts, and the Developmental Writing and Language Skills Checklist (DWLS) measured pre-writing skills. This study utilized a matched experimental design with pre- and post-testing. Non-parametric statistical analyses were used to determine if there were differences between the experimental and control groups regarding the effects of the music curriculum on children's pre-reading and writing skills. While no statistically significant differences were found, the findings from the present study are discussed in relation to typical academic and literacy development as well as to the literature on music and literacy.
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Date Issued: 2017
Identifier: FSU_2017SP_Ervast_fsu_0071N_13883
Format: Thesis

Title: Music Therapy in the Treatment of Sickle Cell Disease in Children: An Integrative Review.
Creator: Buchanan, Diana Lee, Gooding, Lori F. (Lori Fogus), Standley, Jayne M., Gregory, Sarah Dianne, Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: The prevalence of a diagnosis of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) has been on the rise globally. Due to the severe symptoms that interrupt the daily life of those diagnosed with SCD and the absence of an accessible cure, services addressing symptom management in those affected must be increased. Children are particularly susceptible to experience a decreased quality of life due to their developmental stage and often lack of effective coping skills. Music therapy has been shown to be effective in...
Show moreThe prevalence of a diagnosis of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) has been on the rise globally. Due to the severe symptoms that interrupt the daily life of those diagnosed with SCD and the absence of an accessible cure, services addressing symptom management in those affected must be increased. Children are particularly susceptible to experience a decreased quality of life due to their developmental stage and often lack of effective coping skills. Music therapy has been shown to be effective in managing many of the complications associated with SCD and may prove effective in treatment for this specific disease. The purpose of this study is to explore the available music therapy research conducted specifically on children with SCD and explore the techniques used. Results of this review showed that the research was limited and inconclusive although the potential for a positive impact appears to exist. Further research specifically addressing children with SCD needs to be conducted to better determine best practice for music therapy with this population.
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Date Issued: 2017
Identifier: FSU_2017SP_Buchanan_fsu_0071N_13888
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effect of Live versus Recorded Music during Mealtimes on the Nutritional Intake of Older Adults in an Assisted Living Facility.
Creator: Bowden, Meredith, Darrow, Alice-Ann, Madsen, Clifford K., Standley, Jayne M., Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of live versus recorded music on the nutritional intake of older adults during mealtimes in an assisted living facility. Nutritional health is an important component of maintaining quality-of-life. Poor nutrition in older adults is due to health conditions, life changes, and other symptoms of aging. Attention to proper nutrition is too often neglected or absent in the lives of many older adults, especially those in long-term care....
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of live versus recorded music on the nutritional intake of older adults during mealtimes in an assisted living facility. Nutritional health is an important component of maintaining quality-of-life. Poor nutrition in older adults is due to health conditions, life changes, and other symptoms of aging. Attention to proper nutrition is too often neglected or absent in the lives of many older adults, especially those in long-term care. Interventions exist to combat malnutrition and its consequences, including sensory stimulation interventions involving recorded music; however, no research has been done examining the impact of live music therapy, which is extensively regarded as more effective than recorded music in other contexts. Participants in this study were residents at two assisted living facilities. The design of the study was ABAC or ACAB, where A was the no-music control, B was recorded music, and C was live music therapy. Food intake was measured using a plate-waste survey. Results indicated that food intake increased with both recorded music and live music; however, a significant increase in food intake was found between the no music and live music conditions. The increase in food intake between the no music and recorded music conditions was not significant. These results have implications for the role of music therapy in improving the food intake of older adults, and thus, their nutritional health as well.
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: FSU_FA2016_Bowden_fsu_0071N_13560
Format: Thesis

Title: The Role of Music Therapy in the Medical Setting: A Survey of Medical and Nursing Students.
Creator: Jacobs, Jasmine Andrea, Gooding, Lori F. (Lori Fogus), Standley, Jayne M., Gregory, Sarah Dianne, Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to explore how medical and nursing students are exposed to information about music therapy during their training. This study also sought to explore the relationship between student exposure to music therapy and their knowledge about the role of music therapy in the healthcare setting. An adapted survey was designed to meet the needs of the sample population (N=204) which consisted of 6 demographic questions inquiring about participants age, area of study, years...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to explore how medical and nursing students are exposed to information about music therapy during their training. This study also sought to explore the relationship between student exposure to music therapy and their knowledge about the role of music therapy in the healthcare setting. An adapted survey was designed to meet the needs of the sample population (N=204) which consisted of 6 demographic questions inquiring about participants age, area of study, years or months of study in that area, exposure to music therapy, and years or months of total clinical experience. Twenty-five yes or no questions were asked to determine if participants understood the specific role of music therapists in the medical setting. Responses were separated by participants’ exposure to music therapy (i.e., no exposure, educational exposure, and clinical exposure), and frequency tables were created to highlight relationships between participants’ response and types of exposure. Results indicated that the majority of participants answered over half of the questions in accordance with the appropriate role of a music therapist. Although the majority of the results did not indicate considerable differences in participants’ responses based on types of exposure, there were noticeable differences regarding the role of music therapists amongst exposure groups in terms of entertainment as a goal, music therapists’ role in the health care team, and music therapists’ participation in physical care and preparation/orientation. More research is needed to determine how to best educate health care professionals about the role of music therapy in the medical setting.
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: FSU_FA2016_Jacobs_fsu_0071N_13639
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effect of Music Assisted Relaxation on Mood Perception in Vietnam Veterans: A Pilot Study.
Creator: Garrison, Diane E. (Diane Elizabeth), Gooding, Lori F. (Lori Fogus), Standley, Jayne M., Geringer, John M., Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: The Vietnam War is considered to be one of the longest and most controversial conflicts that the United States has ever been engaged in. Veterans from this war experienced a homecoming that was unlike the fanfare awarded to previous military personnel; instead they faced physical ailments, psychological problems, and a lack of support. This war not only impacted the men and women who served in the military, but also their families and communities, resulting in the need for effective and...
Show moreThe Vietnam War is considered to be one of the longest and most controversial conflicts that the United States has ever been engaged in. Veterans from this war experienced a homecoming that was unlike the fanfare awarded to previous military personnel; instead they faced physical ailments, psychological problems, and a lack of support. This war not only impacted the men and women who served in the military, but also their families and communities, resulting in the need for effective and targeted treatment strategies. The purpose of this study was to determine if music-assisted relaxation was effective in altering Vietnam Veterans’ perceptions of relaxation and if this was reflected in the self-assessments and physiological data. Participants were (N = 10) Vietnam Veterans from a local Vietnam Veterans of America Organization, who participated in a music-assisted relaxation intervention facilitated by a board-certified music therapist. Respiratory rate was measured before the intervention began and one minute prior to the end of the session. Participants also completed a posttest questionnaire regarding their perceptions of music and the music therapy experience. Results were not significant, but all participants indicated that they would be willing to participate in the music-assisted relaxation and/or a similar music therapy intervention again.
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: FSU_FA2016_Garrison_fsu_0071N_13502
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effect of Music Reinforced Nonnutritive Sucking on Physiological and Behavioral State of Term Infants Receiving Intravenous Lines.
Creator: Crouse, Catherine Alicia, Standley, Jayne M., Darrow, Alice-Ann, Gooding, Lori F. (Lori Fogus), Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: These case studies examined the effect of music reinforced nonnutritive sucking on term infants receiving intravenous lines. Intravenous lines are a common invasive procedure that hospitalized infants endure. Subjects were between the ages of 37 weeks gestational age to 1 year of age. This study includes five case studies involving term infants receiving a standard of care intravenous line in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. The control infants (n=2) received no contact and the experimental...
Show moreThese case studies examined the effect of music reinforced nonnutritive sucking on term infants receiving intravenous lines. Intravenous lines are a common invasive procedure that hospitalized infants endure. Subjects were between the ages of 37 weeks gestational age to 1 year of age. This study includes five case studies involving term infants receiving a standard of care intravenous line in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. The control infants (n=2) received no contact and the experimental infants (n=3) received a music intervention paired with nonnutritive sucking. The music intervention involved the use of the Pacifier Activated Lullaby device, which began 3 minutes prior to the procedure. Dependent variables included heart rate, respiration rate, oxygen saturation level, and behavior state. The dependent variables were averaged for each subject and by intervention, and averages were compared. Subjects with the experimental intervention had lower behavior state scores. The heart rate and oxygen saturation levels appeared less stable for the control infants.
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: FSU_FA2016_Crouse_fsu_0071N_13568
Format: Thesis

Title: Parents' Perceptions of a Music Therapy Mobile Application Designed to Promote Calmer Behavior State and Improve Sleep Routine in Young Children: A Pilot Study.
Creator: Llovet, Aliza Karena, Standley, Jayne M., Gooding, Lori F. (Lori Fogus), VanWeelden, Kimberly D., Florida State University, College of Music, College of Music
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to conduct a pilot study to evaluate parents’ perceptions of a music therapy mobile application aimed to promote calmer behavioral state and to improve sleep routine in children under the age of six. Participants (N = 7) were parents with children six years and younger who received a three-week trial period of a music therapy mobile application followed by an online survey to gather responses. Results revealed generally positive responses on perceptions of the...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to conduct a pilot study to evaluate parents’ perceptions of a music therapy mobile application aimed to promote calmer behavioral state and to improve sleep routine in children under the age of six. Participants (N = 7) were parents with children six years and younger who received a three-week trial period of a music therapy mobile application followed by an online survey to gather responses. Results revealed generally positive responses on perceptions of the mobile application. However, there was a low response rate that does not allow for generalizations. Further results and implications are discussed within the paper.
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: FSU_2016SU_Llovet_fsu_0071N_13468
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effect of a Music Therapy Intervention on Inmate Levels of Executive Function and Perceived Stress: Teaching for Transfer.
Creator: Segall, Lorna E. (Lorna Elizabeth), Standley, Jayne M., Holzman, Bruce, Madsen, Clifford K., Geringer, John M., Florida State University, College of Music, College of Music
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this research was to explore how a music therapy teaching for transfer intervention may impact inmate levels of executive function and perceived levels of stress. Sixty- four inmates were recruited to participate in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group or the control /wait list group. While the experimental group received music therapy, the control group received standard care during the five week intervention. Upon completion of data...
Show moreThe purpose of this research was to explore how a music therapy teaching for transfer intervention may impact inmate levels of executive function and perceived levels of stress. Sixty- four inmates were recruited to participate in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group or the control /wait list group. While the experimental group received music therapy, the control group received standard care during the five week intervention. Upon completion of data collection the control/wait list group received music therapy services. The experimental group received 10 ninety minute group singing music therapy sessions consisting of musical and therapeutic objectives. Musical objectives included vocal warm-ups, posture exercises, breath strengthening exercises, and learning a variety of choral pieces. Therapeutic objectives included lyric analysis, group discussion, movement, and transfer of learning through songwriting. A final concert was given for fellow inmates and staff. Participant response to treatment was measured by Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function – Adult Version (BRIEF-A) self-report form. The BRIEF-A is further divided into two indexes labeled the: Behavior Rating Inventory (BRI) and the Metacognitive Index (MI). Together the BRI and the MI indexes indicate an individual’s level of executive functioning. The PSS is a ten-item self-report questionnaire measuring perceived stress within the last month. Pre and post scale outcomes of the BRIEF-A indexes were compared utilizing a factorial ANOVA. Significant differences were found between and within groups indicating that the experimental group made greater improvements as a result of the intervention. Outcomes regarding perception of stress demonstrated no significant differences between groups, though both groups did exhibit lower levels of stress at posttest. The present study examines a music therapy teaching for transfer protocol in the correctional environment on executive function and perceived levels of stress. Although research involving music therapy in the prison population is limited, outcomes of previous and current research demonstrate encouraging outcomes and warrant the need for continued exploration.
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: FSU_2016SU_Segall_fsu_0071E_13288
Format: Thesis

Title: Music Therapy for Children with Cerebral Visual Impairment.
Creator: Faby, Kristi, Standley, Jayne M., Madsen, Clifford K., Gregory, Sarah Dianne, Florida State University, College of Music, College of Music
Abstract/Description: Cerebral Visual Impairment (“CVI”) is defined by a deficit of vision and visual perception in children that results from damage to the brain (Dutton & Lueck, 2015). Currently, CVI is the most common cause of visual impairment in children in the developed world. The purpose of this paper is to provide an evidence-based curriculum guide to music therapy for children aged 6- to 16-years-old with visual impairments, specifically CVI. The author begins by providing a background on Perkins School...
Show moreCerebral Visual Impairment (“CVI”) is defined by a deficit of vision and visual perception in children that results from damage to the brain (Dutton & Lueck, 2015). Currently, CVI is the most common cause of visual impairment in children in the developed world. The purpose of this paper is to provide an evidence-based curriculum guide to music therapy for children aged 6- to 16-years-old with visual impairments, specifically CVI. The author begins by providing a background on Perkins School for the Blind. Next, she reviews current literature on visual impairments, CVI, and music therapy. Finally, she proposes a curriculum guide for children with visual impairments, specifically CVI, and discusses effective music therapy interventions by age group.
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: FSU_2016SU_Faby_fsu_0071N_13353
Format: Thesis

Title: The Creation and Implementation of a Medical Music Therapy Program at Providence Alaska Medical Center.
Creator: Vetro, Danielle, Standley, Jayne M., Madsen, Clifford K., VanWeelden, Kimberly D., Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: Health care facilities are seeking opportunities to expand patient and family centered care and meet patient clinical goals at minimal additional costs. The Affordable Care Act has put an emphasis on positive patient experience by reimbursing facilities that meet the diverse needs of their patients. Evidence-based music therapy (MT) services effectively meet patient clinical goals and increase patient satisfaction. Hospitals that have MT programs are experiencing cost savings and revenue...
Show moreHealth care facilities are seeking opportunities to expand patient and family centered care and meet patient clinical goals at minimal additional costs. The Affordable Care Act has put an emphasis on positive patient experience by reimbursing facilities that meet the diverse needs of their patients. Evidence-based music therapy (MT) services effectively meet patient clinical goals and increase patient satisfaction. Hospitals that have MT programs are experiencing cost savings and revenue retention benefits. Therefore, health care professionals are gaining interest in medical MT programs. Many areas in the country have limited MT services and new programs are being established. Creating a program requires effective planning and adaptability to change. A new program's success relies on constant staff education regarding the benefits of MT and building interpersonal relationships with health care professionals who will advocate for services. This study was designed to describe the process of creating and implementing a new comprehensive medical MT program at a hospital that does not have MT services. The program facilitator aimed to use this experience as a resource for MT-BCs desiring to develop programs and to advance clinical MT.
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: FSU_2016SP_Vetro_fsu_0071N_13032
Format: Thesis

Title: Music and Music Therapy: Exploring the Perspectives of Local U.S. Military Veterans.
Creator: Shing, Kathleen, Standley, Jayne M., Gregory, Sarah Dianne, Darrow, Alice-Ann, Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to better understand how local veterans use music in their daily lives and attempt to comprehend their interests in music therapy services. Data was analyzed for 45 participants, 36 non-student veterans and 9 student veterans. The participant age range was 27-78 and the mean age of all the participants was 56.8. Results determined that all of the participants encountered music in their daily lives and the mean level of enjoyment in music was 8.91. Sixty-five...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to better understand how local veterans use music in their daily lives and attempt to comprehend their interests in music therapy services. Data was analyzed for 45 participants, 36 non-student veterans and 9 student veterans. The participant age range was 27-78 and the mean age of all the participants was 56.8. Results determined that all of the participants encountered music in their daily lives and the mean level of enjoyment in music was 8.91. Sixty-five percent of the participants had used music to help any positive or negative experiences related to his/her military service. The most commonly used CAM therapies were the following: massage therapy, meditation, chiropractic and osteopathic medicine, and nutrition/diet. Most of the participants had low levels of knowledge about board certified music therapy services, but reported the highest level of interest in learning about or trying a music therapy session to increase relaxation (6.89), compared to coping skills (5.82) and socialization (5.80). Non-student veterans had the highest level of interest in learning about or trying a music therapy session to increase relaxation (7.09) and student veterans had the highest level of interests in learning about or trying a music therapy session to increase relaxation (6.11) and coping skills (6.11). Finally, participants were more likely to participate in music therapy sessions if they were organized at their local veteran groups or organizations (5.96) compared to creative arts or recreation therapy sessions, including music therapy, at their local VA facilities (4.96).
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: FSU_2016SP_Shing_fsu_0071N_13268
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effect of Educational Material on Public Perception of "The Iso Principle" and Its Use in Music Therapy.
Creator: Stewart, Robert Allen, Madsen, Clifford K., Standley, Jayne M., Gregory, Sarah Dianne, Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this research was to expose the potential deficits that exist in the standard music therapy practice- specifically involving the "Iso Principle." The study also serves to gauge the perceptual views of those who are not familiar with music therapy as they learn the theoretical constructs. A demographic questionnaire and series of statements regarding the Iso Principle were presented to 97 adults both before and after an educational presentation on the use of Iso Principle in...
Show moreThe purpose of this research was to expose the potential deficits that exist in the standard music therapy practice- specifically involving the "Iso Principle." The study also serves to gauge the perceptual views of those who are not familiar with music therapy as they learn the theoretical constructs. A demographic questionnaire and series of statements regarding the Iso Principle were presented to 97 adults both before and after an educational presentation on the use of Iso Principle in Hospice settings. Each participant marked the degree to which they believed the statement to be true in his or her subjective experience on a scaled differential, which was then statistically evaluated. The results were indicated 93.75% of the completed survey responses had an increase in numerical score from pre-test to post-test with 100% of the total post-test responses on the positive side of the differential spectrum.
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: FSU_2016SP_Stewart_fsu_0071N_13309
Format: Thesis

Title: Nursing Students' Perception of Music Therapy in Mental Health.
Creator: Ortiz Rivera, Mabel, Standley, Jayne M., Gregory, Sarah Dianne, Gooding, Lori F. (Lori Fogus), Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: Nurses comprise the largest single component of hospital staff, and are the primary providers of direct patient care (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2011). Nationwide, nursing is the largest healthcare profession, with more than 3.1 million Registered Nurses (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2010). The number of nurses that passed the licensing exam increased steadily between 2001 and 2011, from 68,561 to 142,390 NCLEX-RN passers; representing a 107.7% growth (U.S....
Show moreNurses comprise the largest single component of hospital staff, and are the primary providers of direct patient care (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2011). Nationwide, nursing is the largest healthcare profession, with more than 3.1 million Registered Nurses (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2010). The number of nurses that passed the licensing exam increased steadily between 2001 and 2011, from 68,561 to 142,390 NCLEX-RN passers; representing a 107.7% growth (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2013). Music therapy, as a growing health care profession, has 19% of the Board Certified music therapists employed in a mental health setting, the largest population served, according to the response to the 2015 American Music Therapy Member Survey and Workforce Analysis (AMTA, 2015). With the understanding of the steady increase in upcoming nursing professionals and the growth and need of music therapy in mental health settings, this study aimed to assess nursing students' attitudes towards music therapy and its role in mental health. Participants (N=194) completed a one-time survey consisting of Likert-scale questions with responses pertaining to knowledge, perception, and opinions on music therapy. The largest group of participants (39%) responded that they knew about music therapy's role in mental health but were doubtful if this information was accurate. Regarding the effectiveness of music therapy in addressing certain goals in mental health treatment, the goals ‘Decrease Depressive Symptoms', and ‘Anxiety Reduction" were found to have higher scores than the other goals listed on the survey. Results also showed that participants who indicated that they previously attended/observed a music therapy session, viewed it as more valuable in mental health treatment than those who indicated no former experience. These results were statistically significant at the α = .05 level. Academic level was also a variable that had a significant effect on participants' perceived value of music therapy in mental health treatment. Participants who identified themselves as seniors rated music therapy as more valuable compared to those students who identified themselves as juniors. Additionally, 52% of participants who stated previous exposure to music therapy indicated future patient's referral to music therapy to be ‘Extremely Likely'. Implications for these results are explored.
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: FSU_2016SP_OrtizRivera_fsu_0071N_13267
Format: Thesis

Title: The Emotional Reactions of Music Therapy Students to Simulated Auditory Hallucinations and Music.
Creator: Hoffer, Megan, Gooding, Lori F. (Lori Fogus), Standley, Jayne M., Gregory, Sarah Dianne, Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: The purpose of the study was to examine the emotional reactions of music therapy students to simulated auditory hallucinations and music. Eighteen music therapy students (13 female, 5 male) participated in the study. After signing a consent form, participants were randomly assigned to either the control (auditory hallucination simulation) or experimental (auditory hallucination simulation with music) group. Participants completed a demographic survey, PANAS (Watson & Clark, 1988) pretest,...
Show moreThe purpose of the study was to examine the emotional reactions of music therapy students to simulated auditory hallucinations and music. Eighteen music therapy students (13 female, 5 male) participated in the study. After signing a consent form, participants were randomly assigned to either the control (auditory hallucination simulation) or experimental (auditory hallucination simulation with music) group. Participants completed a demographic survey, PANAS (Watson & Clark, 1988) pretest, listened to eight minutes of respective audio, and then completed a PANAS (Watson & Clark, 1988) post-test. Results were analyzed using two independent t-tests to test for significance, one for positive affect post scores and one for negative affect post scores. No statistically significant results were found. However, there was a noticeable difference in the mean scores for negative affect post scores. The results suggest that music may have assisted in preventing a larger increase in negative affect in the experiment group. Future research should include a larger sample to test for possible significance. Likewise, future researchers should implement similar studies with populations actually experiencing auditory hallucinations to explore the potential for development of emotion regulation interventions using music therapy.
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: FSU_2016SP_Hoffer_fsu_0071N_13248
Format: Thesis

Title: Music Therapy and Music Medicine Assessment in Mental Health and Medical Research with Children and Adolescents: An Integrative Review.
Creator: Pufahl, Dawn M., Gooding, Lori F. (Lori Fogus), Standley, Jayne M., Gregory, Sarah Dianne, Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this review was to identify and describe assessments used in music therapy and music medicine used with children and adolescents with mental health symptoms. After database searches were completed and studies screened for inclusion a total of 28 studies were included in this review. Of the studies meeting inclusion 6 examined the use of assessments used to assess mental health symptoms exhibited by children in music therapy treatment. In addition, there were 12 studies that...
Show moreThe purpose of this review was to identify and describe assessments used in music therapy and music medicine used with children and adolescents with mental health symptoms. After database searches were completed and studies screened for inclusion a total of 28 studies were included in this review. Of the studies meeting inclusion 6 examined the use of assessments used to assess mental health symptoms exhibited by children in music therapy treatment. In addition, there were 12 studies that addressed assessments used with both children and adolescents, and 7 that assessed only adolescents. Music medicine studies meeting criteria for inclusion in the review were 3 in total. Some commonalities in the assessment design employed within specific population groups were found. In addition, commonalities were found within the types of assessment used within each population group, and in some cases, across different population groupings. While findings from this review indicate some commonalities one should be hesitant in making the decision to use them in clinical practice due to the small number of participants included in most of the studies. Further research or researchers may want to further limit the scope of review in order to focus primarily one diagnosis or set of symptoms. In addition, they may want to look at the use of one specific type of assessment used within mental health settings.
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: FSU_2016SP_Pufahl_fsu_0071N_13276
Format: Thesis

Title: Applied Behavior Anaylysis, Montessori Method and Dir®/Floortime™ Early Intervention and Music Therapy.
Creator: Sherrod, Briahna J., Standley, Jayne M., Gregory, Sarah Dianne, Gooding, Lori F. (Lori Fogus), Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: Under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, early intervention services are offered to children and their families from birth to three years of age. Likewise early childhood special education services are offered from three to five years of age. Research demonstrates that among the intervention frameworks available, applied behavior analysis has the largest evidence base, solidifying its status as the best practice for early intervention and early childhood service. This paper...
Show moreUnder the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, early intervention services are offered to children and their families from birth to three years of age. Likewise early childhood special education services are offered from three to five years of age. Research demonstrates that among the intervention frameworks available, applied behavior analysis has the largest evidence base, solidifying its status as the best practice for early intervention and early childhood service. This paper endeavors to provide comparative information to evaluate the effectiveness and validity of other intervention practices based on developmental and relationship-based theory such as the Montessori Method and DIR®/Floortime™. In addition, the use of music therapy within early intervention and these specific intervention frameworks will also be discussed.
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: FSU_2016SP_Sherrod_fsu_0071N_13263
Format: Thesis

Title: Mental Health Stigma: Implications for Music Therapists Working in a Mental Health Setting.
Creator: Kim, Gloria, Gooding, Lori F. (Lori Fogus), Standley, Jayne M., Darrow, Alice-Ann, Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the existence of stigma related to mental health illnesses among music therapy students at a large southeastern public university. A survey of nineteen stigma-related questions was designed and distributed to seventy-six music therapy students. Forty-four surveys were collected (57.9%) and analyzed. The survey consisted of four demographic questions and fifteen stigma related statements. Statements were related to one of three components of stigma:...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the existence of stigma related to mental health illnesses among music therapy students at a large southeastern public university. A survey of nineteen stigma-related questions was designed and distributed to seventy-six music therapy students. Forty-four surveys were collected (57.9%) and analyzed. The survey consisted of four demographic questions and fifteen stigma related statements. Statements were related to one of three components of stigma: prejudice, stereotype, and discrimination. Respondents answered each statement based on the extent to which they agreed or disagreed to each item on a five-point, Likert-type scale. Results indicated that music therapy students tended to disagree with stigma-related statements. These results may suggest a lower perceived stigma towards mental health illnesses among music therapy students. Understanding the prevalence of stigma on mental health among music therapy students provides implications for future music therapists and current music therapists working in mental or behavioral health settings to provide more adequate experiences for individuals with mental illness. Music therapists can help challenge the stigma related to mental health, a major barrier for those wishing to seek treatment with mental illness.
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: FSU_2016SP_Kim_fsu_0071N_13249
Format: Thesis

Title: Multicultural Music Therapy: A Manual on Cultural Sensitivity in Music Therapy Practice.
Creator: Goelst, Ingrid Lucille, Standley, Jayne M., Gooding, Lori F. (Lori Fogus), Gregory, Sarah Dianne, Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: As the United States becomes a more diverse nation, mental health professionals are seeing increasingly more clients from different cultures in their clinical practices. Due to the ability of music to reach people in most cultural groups, music therapy is an ideal therapeutic modality for helping many of these multicultural clients. The limited amount of music therapy-specific research literature regarding culturally sensitive counseling, in addition to the fact that the vast majority of...
Show moreAs the United States becomes a more diverse nation, mental health professionals are seeing increasingly more clients from different cultures in their clinical practices. Due to the ability of music to reach people in most cultural groups, music therapy is an ideal therapeutic modality for helping many of these multicultural clients. The limited amount of music therapy-specific research literature regarding culturally sensitive counseling, in addition to the fact that the vast majority of music therapists are White females, has revealed a need for music therapists to explore multicultural issues and actively seek ways to become culturally competent in counseling. This manual provides music therapists with a basic knowledge of select diverse cultural groups and, based on this information, suggests music therapy techniques that may promote the best responses from clients of these cultures.
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: FSU_2016SP_Goelst_fsu_0071N_13278
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effects of Music Therapy and Harmonica with Pediatriac Patients Admitted for Respiratory Issues.
Creator: Chivington, Kylie Jordan, Standley, Jayne M., Madsen, Clifford K., Gregory, Sarah Dianne, Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: Asthma and wheezing are common illnesses among children today. The effects on the respiratory system, and other health factors such as having sickle cell disease, can further contribute to an exacerbated health issue resulting in respiratory distress and/or acute chest syndrome. The causes and effects these issues have on the growth and development, education, and psychosocial aspects of a child's life are numerous. The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether a specific music...
Show moreAsthma and wheezing are common illnesses among children today. The effects on the respiratory system, and other health factors such as having sickle cell disease, can further contribute to an exacerbated health issue resulting in respiratory distress and/or acute chest syndrome. The causes and effects these issues have on the growth and development, education, and psychosocial aspects of a child's life are numerous. The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether a specific music therapy intervention, targeting lung function, could increase oxygen saturation (SPO2), decrease respiration rate (RR), and lower heart rate (HR). Hospital inpatients (N=40) between the ages of 4 to12 years participated in a three-day randomized control study with control and experimental groups. Those in the experimental group received 3 days of music therapy treatment in addition to standard respiratory treatment, a fifteen- to twenty-five-minute intervention (N=20). The control group (N=20) received no additional intervention. A pre- and post-test consisted of the researcher documenting HR, SPO2, and RR before and after each interaction. Self-reports of breathing difficulty were also given by the subjects, pre and post intervention. For the experimental group, an exit survey was given to parents/guardians who were present at the conclusion of the final day. Results indicated that while music therapy did have a positive short-term effect on HR, SPO2, and RR, three days was not a sufficient amount of time to establish long-term side effects. A multivariate test indicated that between the groups and the collective physiological factors there was a significant difference (p=0.046). Comparisons between days and groups showed more significant difference in the experimental groups HR levels (p=.000 to .001) than the other areas.
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: FSU_2016SP_Chivington_fsu_0071N_13239
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effect of Silence, Story Reading, Acapella Singing and Guitar Playing on Inducing Sleep in Preschool Children.
Creator: Pruitt, Sarah Elizabeth, Darrow, Alice-Ann, Standley, Jayne M., Gregory, Sarah Dianne, Florida State University, College of Music, College of Music
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of silence, story reading, acapella singing, and guitar playing on inducing sleep in preschool-aged children within the first 15 minutes of naptime. Thirty-five two- and four-year old children from five classrooms at two facilities participated in the study. Each classroom scheduled afternoon naptime following lunch prior to and during this study. Participants in all five classrooms had scheduled naptimes for three days under each of the...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to determine the effects of silence, story reading, acapella singing, and guitar playing on inducing sleep in preschool-aged children within the first 15 minutes of naptime. Thirty-five two- and four-year old children from five classrooms at two facilities participated in the study. Each classroom scheduled afternoon naptime following lunch prior to and during this study. Participants in all five classrooms had scheduled naptimes for three days under each of the following four conditions: (1) silence, (2) story reading, (3) acapella singing, and (4) guitar playing. An observation form designed for data collection was used by five observers to record the number of children who had: (1) eyes open and talking, (2) eyes open and moving, (3) eyes open and not moving, (4) eyes closed and talking, (5) eyes closed and moving, (6) eyes closed and not moving at 15-second intervals during the first fifteen minutes of naptime. Data recorded in the "eyes closed and not moving" section of the observation form was used to determine the number of children asleep under each condition after 15 minutes of naptime. Results revealed no significant difference in the number of children asleep under the four naptime conditions. The rank order of the most to fewest number of children asleep under the four conditions was: story reading, silence, acapella singing and guitar playing.
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Date Issued: 2015
Identifier: FSU_2015fall_Pruitt_fsu_0071N_12985
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effects of Preferred Recorded Music and Preferred Live Music Provided as Procedural Support on Problem and Positive Behaviors of Individuals with Dementia during Assisted Bathing: A Pilot Study.
Creator: Hagerty, Laura, Darrow, Alice-Ann, Gregory, Sarah Dianne, Standley, Jayne M., Florida State University, College of Music, College of Music
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the effect of preferred recorded music versus preferred live music provided as procedural support by a music therapist on reducing problem behaviors and increasing positive behaviors exhibited by persons with dementia during bathing procedures. Carrying out bathing procedures with persons who have dementia has been identified as one of the most challenging tasks faced by caregivers. Persons with dementia often exhibit aggressive and hostile...
Show moreThe purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the effect of preferred recorded music versus preferred live music provided as procedural support by a music therapist on reducing problem behaviors and increasing positive behaviors exhibited by persons with dementia during bathing procedures. Carrying out bathing procedures with persons who have dementia has been identified as one of the most challenging tasks faced by caregivers. Persons with dementia often exhibit aggressive and hostile behaviors when engaged in bathing procedures with their caregivers. Because of the lack of previous research designed to address these problem behaviors, and the personal nature of bathing procedures, an experimental probe was carried out with five individuals in the later stages of dementia living in a nursing facility. The designated caregivers of these five individuals volunteered their loved ones to serve as participants in this pilot study. Participants were observed for a total of three showers: one with no music, one with recorded preferred music, and one with music therapy with live preferred music. During the three showers, the music therapist and the staff member administering the bath observed the durations of both problem and positive behaviors. Results were mixed among the five participants; though preferred live music was generally more effective than recorded preferred music or no music in reducing problem behaviors and increasing positive behaviors.
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Date Issued: 2015
Identifier: FSU_2015fall_Hagerty_fsu_0071N_12960
Format: Thesis

Title: Addressing Parent Needs in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Survey of Music Therapists.
Creator: Trainor, Bethany L. (Bethany Lamar), Standley, Jayne M., Madsen, Clifford K., Darrow, Alice-Ann, Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: Limited research exists exploring how music therapists address parent-related needs and concerns in the NICU. The purpose of the study was to expand existing knowledge and literature regarding how music therapists work with parents and their infants in the NICU, to address parent-related needs, and to provide suggestions for future directions for music therapy with parents of infants in the NICU. The principal investigator sent out an invitational email to music therapists who currently or...
Show moreLimited research exists exploring how music therapists address parent-related needs and concerns in the NICU. The purpose of the study was to expand existing knowledge and literature regarding how music therapists work with parents and their infants in the NICU, to address parent-related needs, and to provide suggestions for future directions for music therapy with parents of infants in the NICU. The principal investigator sent out an invitational email to music therapists who currently or have previously worked in the NICU. A total of 54 responses (n=54) were received-- respondents (n=50) completed the survey entirely and 4 partially (n=4) via Surveymonkey.com®. Data were collected over a four-week period and were analyzed using descriptive statistical measures. Results support the use of music therapy to address both parent and infant goals and the expansion of ways in which music therapy/music therapists can serve as an extension of family-based NICU care. Results indicated that music therapists spend a relatively equal amount of time with parents and their infants (jointly and separately) and receive both medical and non-medical referrals for parent-related needs. Grief counseling, general counseling techniques, music therapy techniques specific to parent needs, and cultural sensitivity training were areas in which music therapists desired more training. Future implications for research include expansion of knowledge regarding how to work with parents of infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome and other complex medical issues.
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Date Issued: 2015
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-9472
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effect of Client Preferred Music on Workout Efficiency and Perceived Energy Exertion Among Collegiate Football Players.
Creator: Mohney, Brittany Ann, Standley, Jayne M., Madsen, Clifford K., Darrow, Alice-Ann, Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: The differences in workout efficiency and perceived energy exertion between preferred and non-preferred music were examined through self-report. Minimal differences were shown between the types of music used; however, significant differences were found when no music was used. Observations and comments revealed preferred music as being desired above non-preferred and/or no music among the athletes during workouts. The results of both self-report and informal observations support the use of...
Show moreThe differences in workout efficiency and perceived energy exertion between preferred and non-preferred music were examined through self-report. Minimal differences were shown between the types of music used; however, significant differences were found when no music was used. Observations and comments revealed preferred music as being desired above non-preferred and/or no music among the athletes during workouts. The results of both self-report and informal observations support the use of music to increase workout efficiency and motivation.
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Date Issued: 2015
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-9413
Format: Thesis

Title: Mothers' and Fathers' Perceptions of Music Therapy for Their Hospitalized Child: A Comparison.
Creator: Moses, Molly, Standley, Jayne M., Madsen, Clifford K., Gregory, Sarah Dianne, Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: Admission to the hospital can be a highly stressful time for children and their families. Music therapy may be implemented to reduce anxiety, help the child express himself/herself, and alleviate pain, among other goals. Parental opinions of programs and services provided for children are typically obtained only from mothers. Mothers and fathers interact differently with their child, so it is necessary to gather information from both mothers and fathers. This survey research examined the...
Show moreAdmission to the hospital can be a highly stressful time for children and their families. Music therapy may be implemented to reduce anxiety, help the child express himself/herself, and alleviate pain, among other goals. Parental opinions of programs and services provided for children are typically obtained only from mothers. Mothers and fathers interact differently with their child, so it is necessary to gather information from both mothers and fathers. This survey research examined the perceptions of mothers and fathers whose child receive music therapy. The sample consisted of 54 parents (44 mothers and 10 fathers) of a child who received music therapy while hospitalized within the last two years. Although both parents tended to rate music therapy highly, mothers were more likely to be knowledgeable of services and of what occurred in the sessions, while fathers were less likely to be aware that their child received music therapy and more likely to trust the mother's opinion. Findings suggest further research is necessary to more completely understand how parental gender differences affect perspective.
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Date Issued: 2015
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-9417
Format: Thesis

Title: Older Adult's Preferences Between Traditional Music Therapy Techniques versus i-Pad Technology Assisted Music Therapy Techniques.
Creator: Owenby, Hannah Michele, VanWeelden, Kimberly D., Standley, Jayne M., Darrow, Alice-Ann, Gregory, Sarah Dianne, Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to determine whether older adults prefer traditional music therapy techniques or iPad assisted music therapy techniques. Participants (N=17) for this study were well-elderly adults contacted through a local Senior Center in the southeastern part of the country. All participants were at least 65 or older, in typical health, and able to give consent for their own participation (being of sound mind). After giving consent, each participant participated in four music...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to determine whether older adults prefer traditional music therapy techniques or iPad assisted music therapy techniques. Participants (N=17) for this study were well-elderly adults contacted through a local Senior Center in the southeastern part of the country. All participants were at least 65 or older, in typical health, and able to give consent for their own participation (being of sound mind). After giving consent, each participant participated in four music therapy sessions, once per week, which included both traditional and iPad assisted techniques. The first session focused on singing and instrument play, the second session focused on movement to music, the third session focused on relaxation, and the fourth session focused on reminiscence. Directly after each session the participants completed a survey asking them to rate their preferences between traditional and iPad assisted music therapy techniques. Using One-Way ANOVA and Dependent t tests, analysis revealed that participants prefer traditional music therapy during the instrument sing/play and movement sessions, but preferred iPad assisted music therapy during the relaxation and reminiscence sessions. At the conclusion of the study, participants were asked to complete a final a wrap-up survey to document their overall preferences between traditional and iPad assisted music therapy techniques. Results found that participants preferred the iPad assisted music therapy for the overall entire study.
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Date Issued: 2015
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-9663
Format: Thesis

Title: Quantitative and Qualitative Research of Music Therapy Interventions with Adult Mental Health Populations: A Descriptive Analysis to Guide Future Research and Clinical Practice.
Creator: Moore, Susan A. (Susan Anne), Standley, Jayne M., Gregory, Sarah Dianne, VanWeelden, Kimberly D., Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: As the need for psychosocial interventions in mental healthcare in the United States continues to be a relevant issue, music therapists can provide music interventions to address a variety of mental health objectives. The American Music Therapy Association (2013) requires that the use of such interventions must be part of evidence-based practice. As research shows low levels of evidence for psychiatric music therapy overall (Silverman, 2010a), and there are mixed perceptions of music therapy...
Show moreAs the need for psychosocial interventions in mental healthcare in the United States continues to be a relevant issue, music therapists can provide music interventions to address a variety of mental health objectives. The American Music Therapy Association (2013) requires that the use of such interventions must be part of evidence-based practice. As research shows low levels of evidence for psychiatric music therapy overall (Silverman, 2010a), and there are mixed perceptions of music therapy in mental healthcare (Choi, 1997; Silverman, 2006, 2010d) there is a need to continue to increase consistency of music therapy interventions and levels of evidence in music therapy research with mental health populations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to (a) to identify possible trends in research design, participant population, and music therapy intervention techniques used in music therapy research studies with mental health populations published in The Arts in Psychotherapy, Journal of Music Therapy, and Music Therapy Perspectives the last 15 years (2000-2015), and (b) identify how these trends might apply to future music therapy research and clinical practice. Data about the publication, research design, and therapeutic process of studies (N = 42) were obtained. Data were analyzed and organized into tables, and sums and percentages were calculated. Results saw low levels of articles fitting inclusion criteria with a large percentage of studies being conducted by the same author. The most frequently studied participant populations included those with substance-abuse and addicted disorders (n = 10) and psychiatric inpatients (n = 10). The most frequently studied music therapy intervention techniques were lyric analysis (n = 17), music listening (n = 16), and songwriting (n =15). Potential explanations for findings, limitations, and suggestions for future research and clinical practice are discussed.
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Date Issued: 2015
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-9658
Format: Thesis

Music (173)	+ -
Medicine (5)	+ -
Instruction and study (4)	+ -
Health services administration (3)	+ -
Mental health (3)	+ -

Animal behavior (2)	+ -
Early childhood education (2)	+ -
Education, Higher (2)	+ -
Medical sciences (2)	+ -
Music theory (2)	+ -
Psychology (2)	+ -
Special education (2)	+ -
Aging (1)	+ -
Alternative medicine (1)	+ -
Child psychology (1)	+ -
Children (1)	+ -
Communication (1)	+ -
Communicative disorders (1)	+ -
Epidemiology (1)	+ -
Exercise (1)	+ -
Gerontology (1)	+ -
Health education (1)	+ -
Nursing (1)	+ -
Psychology, Experimental (1)	+ -
Psychophysiology (1)	+ -
Social psychology (1)	+ -
Social sciences (1)	+ -
Sports sciences (1)	+ -
Study and teaching (1)	+ -
Theater (1)	+ -

text (192)	+ -
master thesis (23)	+ -
doctoral thesis (3)	+ -

Florida State University (192)	+ -
College of Music (189)	+ -
Gregory, Dianne (79)	+ -
Darrow, Alice-Ann (72)	+ -
Madsen, Clifford K. (61)	+ -

Madsen, Clifford (47)	+ -
Gregory, Sarah Dianne (29)	+ -
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