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Title: Mississippi River Plume Enriches Microbial Diversity in the Northern Gulf of Mexico.
Creator: Mason, Olivia U, Canter, Erin J, Gillies, Lauren E, Paisie, Taylor K, Roberts, Brian J
Abstract/Description: The Mississippi River (MR) serves as the primary source of freshwater and nutrients to the northern Gulf of Mexico (nGOM). Whether this input of freshwater also enriches microbial diversity as the MR plume migrates and mixes with the nGOM serves as the central question addressed herein. Specifically, in this study physicochemical properties and planktonic microbial community composition and diversity was determined using iTag sequencing of 16S rRNA genes in 23 samples collected along a...
Show moreThe Mississippi River (MR) serves as the primary source of freshwater and nutrients to the northern Gulf of Mexico (nGOM). Whether this input of freshwater also enriches microbial diversity as the MR plume migrates and mixes with the nGOM serves as the central question addressed herein. Specifically, in this study physicochemical properties and planktonic microbial community composition and diversity was determined using iTag sequencing of 16S rRNA genes in 23 samples collected along a salinity (and nutrient) gradient from the mouth of the MR, in the MR plume, in the canyon, at the Deepwater Horizon wellhead and out to the loop current. Analysis of these datasets revealed that the MR influenced microbial diversity as far offshore as the Deepwater Horizon wellhead. The MR had the highest microbial diversity, which decreased with increasing salinity. MR bacterioplankton communities were distinct compared to the nGOM, particularly in the surface where Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria dominated, while the deeper MR was also enriched in Thaumarchaeota. Statistical analyses revealed that nutrients input by the MR, along with salinity and depth, were the primary drivers in structuring the microbial communities. These results suggested that the reduced salinity, nutrient enriched MR plume could act as a seed bank for microbial diversity as it mixes with the nGOM. Whether introduced microorganisms are active at higher salinities than freshwater would determine if this seed bank for microbial diversity is ecologically significant. Alternatively, microorganisms that are physiologically restricted to freshwater habitats that are entrained in the plume could be used as tracers for freshwater input to the marine environment.
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Date Issued: 2016-07-07
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27458442, 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01048, PMC4936242, 27458442, 27458442
Format: Citation

Title: Low rates of nitrogen fixation in eastern tropical South Pacific surface waters.
Creator: Knapp, Angela N, Casciotti, Karen L, Berelson, William M, Prokopenko, Maria G, Capone, Douglas G
Abstract/Description: An extensive region of the Eastern Tropical South Pacific (ETSP) Ocean has surface waters that are nitrate-poor yet phosphate-rich. It has been proposed that this distribution of surface nutrients provides a geochemical niche favorable for N2fixation, the primary source of nitrogen to the ocean. Here, we present results from two cruises to the ETSP where rates of N2fixation and its contribution to export production were determined with a suite of geochemical and biological measurements....
Show moreAn extensive region of the Eastern Tropical South Pacific (ETSP) Ocean has surface waters that are nitrate-poor yet phosphate-rich. It has been proposed that this distribution of surface nutrients provides a geochemical niche favorable for N2fixation, the primary source of nitrogen to the ocean. Here, we present results from two cruises to the ETSP where rates of N2fixation and its contribution to export production were determined with a suite of geochemical and biological measurements. N2fixation was only detectable using nitrogen isotopic mass balances at two of six stations, and rates ranged from 0 to 23 µmol N m(-2)d(-1)based on sediment trap fluxes. Whereas the fractional importance of N2fixation did not change, the N2-fixation rates at these two stations were several-fold higher when scaled to other productivity metrics. Regardless of the choice of productivity metric these N2-fixation rates are low compared with other oligotrophic locations, and the nitrogen isotope budgets indicate that N2fixation supports no more than 20% of export production regionally. Although euphotic zone-integrated short-term N2-fixation rates were higher, up to 100 µmol N m(-2)d(-1), and detected N2fixation at all six stations, studies of nitrogenase gene abundance and expression from the same cruises align with the geochemical data and together indicate that N2fixation is a minor source of new nitrogen to surface waters of the ETSP. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that, despite a relative abundance of phosphate, iron may limit N2fixation in the ETSP.
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Date Issued: 2016-04-19
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26976587, 10.1073/pnas.1515641113, PMC4843426, 26976587, 26976587, 1515641113
Format: Citation

Title: Saharan dust nutrients promote Vibrio bloom formation in marine surface waters.
Creator: Westrich, Jason R, Ebling, Alina M, Landing, William M, Joyner, Jessica L, Kemp, Keri M, Griffin, Dale W, Lipp, Erin K
Abstract/Description: Vibrio is a ubiquitous genus of marine bacteria, typically comprising a small fraction of the total microbial community in surface waters, but capable of becoming a dominant taxon in response to poorly characterized factors. Iron (Fe), often restricted by limited bioavailability and low external supply, is an essential micronutrient that can limit Vibrio growth. Vibrio species have robust metabolic capabilities and an array of Fe-acquisition mechanisms, and are able to respond rapidly to...
Show moreVibrio is a ubiquitous genus of marine bacteria, typically comprising a small fraction of the total microbial community in surface waters, but capable of becoming a dominant taxon in response to poorly characterized factors. Iron (Fe), often restricted by limited bioavailability and low external supply, is an essential micronutrient that can limit Vibrio growth. Vibrio species have robust metabolic capabilities and an array of Fe-acquisition mechanisms, and are able to respond rapidly to nutrient influx, yet Vibrio response to environmental pulses of Fe remains uncharacterized. Here we examined the population growth of Vibrio after natural and simulated pulses of atmospherically transported Saharan dust, an important and episodic source of Fe to tropical marine waters. As a model for opportunistic bacterial heterotrophs, we demonstrated that Vibrio proliferate in response to a broad range of dust-Fe additions at rapid timescales. Within 24 h of exposure, strains of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio alginolyticus were able to directly use Saharan dust-Fe to support rapid growth. These findings were also confirmed with in situ field studies; arrival of Saharan dust in the Caribbean and subtropical Atlantic coincided with high levels of dissolved Fe, followed by up to a 30-fold increase of culturable Vibrio over background levels within 24 h. The relative abundance of Vibrio increased from ∼1 to ∼20% of the total microbial community. This study, to our knowledge, is the first to describe Vibrio response to Saharan dust nutrients, having implications at the intersection of marine ecology, Fe biogeochemistry, and both human and environmental health.
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Date Issued: 2016-05-24
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27162369, 10.1073/pnas.1518080113, PMC4889353, 27162369, 27162369, 1518080113
Format: Citation

Title: Spatial and Temporal Variation in the Effects of Climatic Variables on Dugong Calf Production.
Creator: Fuentes, Mariana M P B, Delean, Steven, Grayson, Jillian, Lavender, Sally, Logan, Murray, Marsh, Helene
Abstract/Description: Knowledge of the relationships between environmental forcing and demographic parameters is important for predicting responses from climatic changes and to manage populations effectively. We explore the relationships between the proportion of sea cows (Dugong dugon) classified as calves and four climatic drivers (rainfall anomaly, Southern Oscillation El Niño Index [SOI], NINO 3.4 sea surface temperature index, and number of tropical cyclones) at a range of spatially distinct locations in...
Show moreKnowledge of the relationships between environmental forcing and demographic parameters is important for predicting responses from climatic changes and to manage populations effectively. We explore the relationships between the proportion of sea cows (Dugong dugon) classified as calves and four climatic drivers (rainfall anomaly, Southern Oscillation El Niño Index [SOI], NINO 3.4 sea surface temperature index, and number of tropical cyclones) at a range of spatially distinct locations in Queensland, Australia, a region with relatively high dugong density. Dugong and calf data were obtained from standardized aerial surveys conducted along the study region. A range of lagged versions of each of the focal climatic drivers (1 to 4 years) were included in a global model containing the proportion of calves in each population crossed with each of the lagged versions of the climatic drivers to explore relationships. The relative influence of each predictor was estimated via Gibbs variable selection. The relationships between the proportion of dependent calves and the climatic drivers varied spatially and temporally, with climatic drivers influencing calf counts at sub-regional scales. Thus we recommend that the assessment of and management response to indirect climatic threats on dugongs should also occur at sub-regional scales.
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Date Issued: 2016-06-29
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27355367, 10.1371/journal.pone.0155675, PMC4927176, 27355367, 27355367, PONE-D-15-52097
Format: Citation

Title: Dehydration of chlorite explains anomalously high electrical conductivity in the mantle wedges.
Creator: Manthilake, Geeth, Bolfan-Casanova, Nathalie, Novella, Davide, Mookherjee, Mainak, Andrault, Denis
Abstract/Description: Mantle wedge regions in subduction zone settings show anomalously high electrical conductivity (~1 S/m) that has often been attributed to the presence of aqueous fluids released by slab dehydration. Laboratory-based measurements of the electrical conductivity of hydrous phases and aqueous fluids are significantly lower and cannot readily explain the geophysically observed anomalously high electrical conductivity. The released aqueous fluid also rehydrates the mantle wedge and stabilizes a...
Show moreMantle wedge regions in subduction zone settings show anomalously high electrical conductivity (~1 S/m) that has often been attributed to the presence of aqueous fluids released by slab dehydration. Laboratory-based measurements of the electrical conductivity of hydrous phases and aqueous fluids are significantly lower and cannot readily explain the geophysically observed anomalously high electrical conductivity. The released aqueous fluid also rehydrates the mantle wedge and stabilizes a suite of hydrous phases, including serpentine and chlorite. In this present study, we have measured the electrical conductivity of a natural chlorite at pressures and temperatures relevant for the subduction zone setting. In our experiment, we observe two distinct conductivity enhancements when chlorite is heated to temperatures beyond its thermodynamic stability field. The initial increase in electrical conductivity to ~3 × 10(-3) S/m can be attributed to chlorite dehydration and the release of aqueous fluids. This is followed by a unique, subsequent enhancement of electrical conductivity of up to 7 × 10(-1) S/m. This is related to the growth of an interconnected network of a highly conductive and chemically impure magnetite mineral phase. Thus, the dehydration of chlorite and associated processes are likely to be crucial in explaining the anomalously high electrical conductivity observed in mantle wedges. Chlorite dehydration in the mantle wedge provides an additional source of aqueous fluid above the slab and could also be responsible for the fixed depth (120 ± 40 km) of melting at the top of the subducting slab beneath the subduction-related volcanic arc front.
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Date Issued: 2016-05-06
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27386526, 10.1126/sciadv.1501631, PMC4928900, 27386526, 27386526, 1501631
Format: Citation

Title: Pressure induced elastic softening in framework aluminosilicate- albite (NaAlSiO).
Creator: Mookherjee, Mainak, Mainprice, David, Maheshwari, Ketan, Heinonen, Olle, Patel, Dhenu, Hariharan, Anant
Abstract/Description: Albite (NaAlSiO) is an aluminosilicate mineral. Its crystal structure consists of 3-D framework of Al and Si tetrahedral units. We have used Density Functional Theory to investigate the high-pressure behavior of the crystal structure and how it affects the elasticity of albite. Our results indicate elastic softening between 6-8 GPa. This is observed in all the individual elastic stiffness components. Our analysis indicates that the softening is due to the response of the three-dimensional...
Show moreAlbite (NaAlSiO) is an aluminosilicate mineral. Its crystal structure consists of 3-D framework of Al and Si tetrahedral units. We have used Density Functional Theory to investigate the high-pressure behavior of the crystal structure and how it affects the elasticity of albite. Our results indicate elastic softening between 6-8 GPa. This is observed in all the individual elastic stiffness components. Our analysis indicates that the softening is due to the response of the three-dimensional tetrahedral framework, in particular by the pressure dependent changes in the tetrahedral tilts. At pressure <6 GPa, the PAW-GGA can be described by a Birch-Murnaghan equation of state with = 687.4 Å, = 51.7 GPa, and = 4.7. The shear modulus and its pressure derivative are = 33.7 GPa, and = 2.9. At 1 bar, the azimuthal compressional and shear wave anisotropy = 42.8%, and = 50.1%. We also investigate the densification of albite to a mixture of jadeite and quartz. The transformation is likely to cause a discontinuity in density, compressional, and shear wave velocity across the crust and mantle. This could partially account for the Mohorovicic discontinuity in thickened continental crustal regions.
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Date Issued: 2016-10-13
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27734903, 10.1038/srep34815, PMC5062091, 27734903, 27734903, srep34815
Format: Citation

Title: Adding Stable Carbon Isotopes Improves Model Representation Of The Role Of Microbial Communities In Peatland Methane Cycling.
Creator: Deng, Jia, McCalley, Carmody K., Frolking, Steve, Chanton, Jeff, Crill, Patrick, Varner, Ruth, Tyson, Gene, Rich, Virginia, Hines, Mark, Saleska, Scott R., Li, Changsheng
Abstract/Description: Climate change is expected to have significant and uncertain impacts on methane (CH4) emissions from northern peatlands. Biogeochemical models can extrapolate site-specificCH(4) measurements to larger scales and predict responses of CH4 emissions to environmental changes. However, these models include considerable uncertainties and limitations in representing CH4 production, consumption, and transport processes. To improve predictions of CH4 transformations, we incorporated acetate and stable...
Show moreClimate change is expected to have significant and uncertain impacts on methane (CH4) emissions from northern peatlands. Biogeochemical models can extrapolate site-specificCH(4) measurements to larger scales and predict responses of CH4 emissions to environmental changes. However, these models include considerable uncertainties and limitations in representing CH4 production, consumption, and transport processes. To improve predictions of CH4 transformations, we incorporated acetate and stable carbon (C) isotopic dynamics associated with CH4 cycling into a biogeochemistry model, DNDC. By including these new features, DNDC explicitly simulates acetate dynamics and the relative contribution of acetotrophic and hydro-genotrophic methanogenesis (AM and HM) to CH4 production, and predicts the C isotopic signature (delta C-13) in soil C pools and emitted gases. When tested against biogeochemical and microbial community observations at two sites in a zone of thawing permafrost in a subarctic peatland in Sweden, the new formulation substantially improved agreement with CH4 production pathways and delta C-13 in emitted CH4 (delta C-13-CH4), a measure of the integrated effects of microbial production and consumption, and of physical transport. We also investigated the sensitivity of simulated delta C-13-CH4 to C isotopic composition of substrates and, to fractionation factors for CH4 production (alpha(AM) and alpha(HM)), CH4 oxidation (alpha(MO)), and plant-mediated CH4 transport (alpha(TP)). The sensitivity analysis indicated that the delta C-13-CH4 is highly sensitive to the factors associated with microbial metabolism (alpha(AM), alpha(HM), and alpha(MO)). The model framework simulating stable C isotopic dynamics provides a robust basis for better constraining and testing microbial mechanisms in predicting CH4 cycling in peatlands.
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Date Issued: 2017-06
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000406239300036, 10.1002/2016MS000817
Format: Citation

Title: An Unusual Inverted Saline Microbial Mat Community in an Interdune Sabkha in the Rub' al Khali (the Empty Quarter), United Arab Emirates.
Creator: McKay, Christopher P., Rask, Jon C., Detweiler, Angela M., Bebout, Brad M., Everroad, R. Craig, Lee, Jackson Z., Chanton, Jeffrey P., Mayer, Marisa H., Caraballo, Adrian A. L.,...
Show moreMcKay, Christopher P., Rask, Jon C., Detweiler, Angela M., Bebout, Brad M., Everroad, R. Craig, Lee, Jackson Z., Chanton, Jeffrey P., Mayer, Marisa H., Caraballo, Adrian A. L., Kapili, Bennett, Al-Awar, Meshgan, Al-Farraj, Asma
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Abstract/Description: Salt flats (sabkha) are a recognized habitat for microbial life in desert environments and as analogs of habitats for possible life on Mars. Here we report on the physical setting and microbiology of interdune sabkhas among the large dunes in the Rub' al Khali (the Empty Quarter) in Liwa Oasis, United Arab Emirates. The salt flats, composed of gypsum and halite, are moistened by relatively fresh ground water. The result is a salinity gradient that is inverted compared to most salt flat...
Show moreSalt flats (sabkha) are a recognized habitat for microbial life in desert environments and as analogs of habitats for possible life on Mars. Here we report on the physical setting and microbiology of interdune sabkhas among the large dunes in the Rub' al Khali (the Empty Quarter) in Liwa Oasis, United Arab Emirates. The salt flats, composed of gypsum and halite, are moistened by relatively fresh ground water. The result is a salinity gradient that is inverted compared to most salt flat communities with the hypersaline layer at the top and freshwater layers below. We describe and characterize a rich photosynthetically-based microbial ecosystem that is protected from the arid outside environment by a translucent salt crust. Gases collected from sediments under shallow ponds in the sabkha contain methane in concentrations as high as 3400 ppm. The salt crust could preserve biomarkers and other evidence for life in the salt after it dries out. Chloride-filled depressions have been identified on Mars and although surface flow of water is unlikely on Mars today, ground water is possible. Such a near surface system with modern groundwater flowing under ancient salt deposits could be present on Mars and could be accessed by surface rovers.
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Date Issued: 2016-03-16
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000372574900036, 10.1371/journal.pone.0150342
Format: Citation

Title: A review of multimodel superensemble forecasting for weather, seasonal climate, and hurricanes.
Creator: Krishnamurti, T. N., Kumar, V., Simon, A., Bhardwaj, A., Ghosh, T., Ross, R.
Abstract/Description: This review provides a summary of work in the area of ensemble forecasts for weather, climate, oceans, and hurricanes. This includes a combination of multiple forecast model results that does not dwell on the ensemble mean but uses a unique collective bias reduction procedure. A theoretical framework for this procedure is provided, utilizing a suite of models that is constructed from the well-known Lorenz low-order nonlinear system. A tutorial that includes a walk-through table and...
Show moreThis review provides a summary of work in the area of ensemble forecasts for weather, climate, oceans, and hurricanes. This includes a combination of multiple forecast model results that does not dwell on the ensemble mean but uses a unique collective bias reduction procedure. A theoretical framework for this procedure is provided, utilizing a suite of models that is constructed from the well-known Lorenz low-order nonlinear system. A tutorial that includes a walk-through table and illustrates the inner workings of the multimodel superensemble's principle is provided. Systematic errors in a single deterministic model arise from a host of features that range from the model's initial state (data assimilation), resolution, representation of physics, dynamics, and ocean processes, local aspects of orography, water bodies, and details of the land surface. Models, in their diversity of representation of such features, end up leaving unique signatures of systematic errors. The multimodel superensemble utilizes as many as 10 million weights to take into account the bias errors arising from these diverse features of multimodels. The design of a single deterministic forecast models that utilizes multiple features from the use of the large volume of weights is provided here. This has led to a better understanding of the error growths and the collective bias reductions for several of the physical parameterizations within diverse models, such as cumulus convection, planetary boundary layer physics, and radiative transfer. A number of examples for weather, seasonal climate, hurricanes and sub surface oceanic forecast skills of member models, the ensemble mean, and the superensemble are provided.
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Date Issued: 2016-06
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000385716900003, 10.1002/2015RG000513
Format: Citation

Title: A new robust oxygen-temperature sensor for aquatic eddy covariance measurements.
Creator: Berg, Peter, Koopmans, Dirk J., Huettel, Markus, Li, Hua, Mori, Kosuke, Wueest, Alfred
Abstract/Description: The fragility of thin Clark-type glass microelectrodes used in aquatic eddy covariance measurements of benthic oxygen fluxes is a challenge when using this powerful technique. This study presents a new fast-responding dual oxygen-temperature sensor for eddy covariance measurements that is far more robust. Response time tests in the lab, where the sensor was inserted from air into water, revealed 90% response times of 0.51 s and 0.34 s for oxygen and temperature measurements, respectively. In...
Show moreThe fragility of thin Clark-type glass microelectrodes used in aquatic eddy covariance measurements of benthic oxygen fluxes is a challenge when using this powerful technique. This study presents a new fast-responding dual oxygen-temperature sensor for eddy covariance measurements that is far more robust. Response time tests in the lab, where the sensor was inserted from air into water, revealed 90% response times of 0.51 s and 0.34 s for oxygen and temperature measurements, respectively. In wave tank tests, the new sensor showed no stirring sensitivity in contrast to Clark-type microelectrodes. Other tests in a flume and in a particle-free water tank revealed how close the sensor can be positioned to the measuring volume of the Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter without disturbing velocity recordings. In field tests at river sites, all > 24 h, the new sensor recorded high-quality eddy covariance data for the entire deployment. Similar positive results were obtained in deployments at a marine site with unidirectional current flow overlaid with minor wave action. Concurrently deployed eddy covariance systems based on the new sensor and a traditional Clark-type microelectrode revealed that they recorded statistically equivalent fluxes and similar velocity-oxygen cospectra until the microelectrode broke after 2 h. The significant increase in robustness of the new sensor was achieved by relying on a larger sensor tip. This put some constrains on how the sensor should be deployed and fluxes extracted, but given the substantial gain in performance, it is a viable alternative for eddy covariance measurements in many aquatic environments.
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Date Issued: 2016-03
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000372701900001, 10.1002/lom3.10071
Format: Citation

Title: A novel molecular approach for tracing terrigenous dissolved organic matter into the deep ocean.
Creator: Medeiros, Patricia M., Seidel, Michael, Niggemann, Jutta, Spencer, Robert G. M., Hernes, Peter J., Yager, Patricia L., Miller, William L., Dittmar, Thorsten, Hansell, Dennis A.
Abstract/Description: Marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) contains one of the largest exchangeable organic carbon pools on Earth. Riverine input represents an important source of DOM to the oceans, yet much remains to be learned about the fate of the DOM linking terrestrial to oceanic carbon cycles through rivers at the global scale. Here we use ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry to identify 184 molecular formulae that are indicators of riverine inputs (referred to as t-Peaks) and to track their distribution...
Show moreMarine dissolved organic matter (DOM) contains one of the largest exchangeable organic carbon pools on Earth. Riverine input represents an important source of DOM to the oceans, yet much remains to be learned about the fate of the DOM linking terrestrial to oceanic carbon cycles through rivers at the global scale. Here we use ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry to identify 184 molecular formulae that are indicators of riverine inputs (referred to as t-Peaks) and to track their distribution in the deep North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans. The t-Peaks were found to be enriched in the Amazon River, to be highly correlated with known tracers of terrigenous input, and to be observed in all samples from four different rivers characterized by vastly different landscapes and vegetation coverage spanning equatorial (Amazon and Congo), subtropical (Altamaha), and Arctic (Kolyma) regions. Their distribution reveals that terrigenous organic matter is injected into the deep ocean by the global meridional overturning circulation, indicating that a fraction of the terrigenous DOM introduced by rivers contributes to the DOM pool observed in the deep ocean and to the storage of terrigenous organic carbon. This novel molecular approach can be used to further constrain the transfer of DOM from land to sea, especially considering that Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer analysis is becoming increasingly frequent in studies characterizing the molecular composition of DOM in lakes, rivers, and the ocean.
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Date Issued: 2016-05
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000379949100005, 10.1002/2015GB005320
Format: Citation

Title: Anatomy and Osteohistology of the basal hadrosaurid dinosaur Eotrachodon from the uppermost Santonian (Cretaceous) of southern appalachia.
Creator: Prieto-Marquez, Albert, Erickson, Gregory M., Ebersole, Jun A.
Abstract/Description: The cranial and postcranial anatomy of the basal hadrosaurid dinosaur Eotrachodon orientalis, from the uppermost Santonian of southern Appalachia (southeastern U.S.A.), is described in detail. This animal is the only known pre-Campanian non-lambeosaurine hadrosaurid, and the most complete hadrosauroid known from Appalachia. E. orientalis possesses a mosaic of plesiomorphic and derived characters in the context of Hadrosauroidea. Characters shared with basal hadrosauroids include a short and...
Show moreThe cranial and postcranial anatomy of the basal hadrosaurid dinosaur Eotrachodon orientalis, from the uppermost Santonian of southern Appalachia (southeastern U.S.A.), is described in detail. This animal is the only known pre-Campanian non-lambeosaurine hadrosaurid, and the most complete hadrosauroid known from Appalachia. E. orientalis possesses a mosaic of plesiomorphic and derived characters in the context of Hadrosauroidea. Characters shared with basal hadrosauroids include a short and sloping maxillary ectopterygoid shelf, caudally prominent maxillary jugal process, one functional tooth per alveolus on the maxillary occlusal plane, a jugal rostral process with a shallow caudodorsal margin and medioventrally facing articular facet, a vertical dentary coronoid process with a poorly expanded apex, and tooth crowns with accessory ridges. Derived characters shared with other hadrosaurids include a circumnarial depression compartmented into three fossae (as in brachylophosaurins and Edmontosaurus), a thin everted premaxillary oral margin (as in Gryposaurus, Prosaurolophus, and Saurolophus), and a maxilla with a deep and rostrocaudally extensive rostrodorsal region with a steeply sloping premaxillary margin (as in Gryposaurus). Eotrachodon orientalis differs primarily from the other hadrosauroid from the Mooreville Chalk of Alabama, Lophorhothon atopus, in having a slender and crestless nasal whose caudodorsal margin is not invaded by the circumnarial depression. Hadrosaurus foulkii, the only other known hadrosaurid from Appalachia, is distinct from E. orientalis in having dentary teeth lacking accessory ridges and a dorsally curved shaft of the ischium. A histological section of the tibia of the E. orientalis holotype (MSC 7949) suggests that this individual was actively growing at the time of death and, thus, had the potential to become a larger animal later in development.
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Date Issued: 2016-04-14
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000374374200003, 10.7717/peerj.1872
Format: Citation

Title: Evidence For Rapid Weathering Response To Climatic Warming During The Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event.
Creator: Them, Theodore R., Gill, Benjamin C., Selby, David, Grocke, Darren R., Friedman, Richard M., Owens, Jeremy D.
Abstract/Description: Chemical weathering consumes atmospheric carbon dioxide through the breakdown of silicate minerals and is thought to stabilize Earth's long-term climate. However, the potential influence of silicate weathering on atmospheric pCO(2) levels on geologically short timescales (10(3)-10(5) years) remains poorly constrained. Here we focus on the record of a transient interval of severe climatic warming across the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event or T-OAE from an open ocean sedimentary succession from...
Show moreChemical weathering consumes atmospheric carbon dioxide through the breakdown of silicate minerals and is thought to stabilize Earth's long-term climate. However, the potential influence of silicate weathering on atmospheric pCO(2) levels on geologically short timescales (10(3)-10(5) years) remains poorly constrained. Here we focus on the record of a transient interval of severe climatic warming across the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event or T-OAE from an open ocean sedimentary succession from western North America. Paired osmium isotope data and numerical modelling results suggest that weathering rates may have increased by 215% and potentially up to 530% compared to the pre-event baseline, which would have resulted in the sequestration of significant amounts of atmospheric CO2. This process would have also led to increased delivery of nutrients to the oceans and lakes stimulating bioproductivity and leading to the subsequent development of shallow-water anoxia, the hallmark of the T-OAE. This enhanced bioproductivity and anoxia would have resulted in elevated rates of organic matter burial that would have acted as an additional negative feedback on atmospheric pCO2 levels. Therefore, the enhanced weathering modulated by initially increased pCO2 levels would have operated as both a direct and indirect negative feedback to end the T-OAE.
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Date Issued: 2017-07-10
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000405180900076, 10.1038/s41598-017-05307-y
Format: Citation

Title: Formation Of The Isthmus Of Panama.
Creator: O'Dea, Aaron, Lessios, Harilaos A., Coates, Anthony G., Eytan, Ron I., Restrepo-Moreno, Sergio A., Cione, Alberto L., Collins, Laurel S., de Queiroz, Alan, Farris, David W.,...
Show moreO'Dea, Aaron, Lessios, Harilaos A., Coates, Anthony G., Eytan, Ron I., Restrepo-Moreno, Sergio A., Cione, Alberto L., Collins, Laurel S., de Queiroz, Alan, Farris, David W., Norris, Richard D., Stallard, Robert F., Woodburne, Michael O., Aguilera, Orangel, Aubry, Marie-Pierre, Berggren, William A., Budd, Ann F., Cozzuol, Mario A., Coppard, Simon E., Duque-Caro, Herman, Finnegan, Seth, Gasparini, German M., Grossman, Ethan L., Johnson, Kenneth G., Keigwin, Lloyd D., Knowlton, Nancy, Leigh, Egbert G., Leonard-Pingel, Jill S., Marko, Peter B., Pyenson, Nicholas D., Rachello-Dolmen, Paola G., Soibelzon, Esteban, Soibelzon, Leopoldo, Todd, Jonathan A., Vermeij, Geerat J., Jackson, Jeremy B. C.
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Abstract/Description: The formation of the Isthmus of Panama stands as one of the greatest natural events of the Cenozoic, driving profound biotic transformations on land and in the oceans. Some recent studies suggest that the Isthmus formed many millions of years earlier than the widely recognized age of approximately 3 million years ago (Ma), a result that if true would revolutionize our understanding of environmental, ecological, and evolutionary change across the Americas. To bring clarity to the question of...
Show moreThe formation of the Isthmus of Panama stands as one of the greatest natural events of the Cenozoic, driving profound biotic transformations on land and in the oceans. Some recent studies suggest that the Isthmus formed many millions of years earlier than the widely recognized age of approximately 3 million years ago (Ma), a result that if true would revolutionize our understanding of environmental, ecological, and evolutionary change across the Americas. To bring clarity to the question of when the Isthmus of Panama formed, we provide an exhaustive review and reanalysis of geological, paleontological, and molecular records. These independent lines of evidence converge upon a cohesive narrative of gradually emerging land and constricting seaways, with formation of the Isthmus of Panama sensu stricto around 2.8 Ma. The evidence used to support an older isthmus is inconclusive, and we caution against the uncritical acceptance of an isthmus before the Pliocene.
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Date Issued: 2016-08
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000383734300039, 10.1126/sciadv.1600883
Format: Citation

Title: Green turtle Chelonia mydas foraging ecology at 25 degrees S in the western Atlantic: evidence to support a feeding model driven by intrinsic and extrinsic variability.
Creator: Gama, Luciana R., Domit, Camila, Broadhurst, Matt K., Fuentes, Mariana M. P. B., Millar, Russell B.
Abstract/Description: Long-term temporal variation in juvenile Chelonia mydas foraging ecology and key intrinsic/extrinsic explanatory factors were assessed at the southwestern Atlantic tropical-temperate transition zone. During a 7 yr period, 120 stranded C. mydas (30 to 62 cm curved carapace length; CCL) were collected from beaches in Parana, adjacent to the World Heritage listed Paranagua estuarine complex (PEC). The digestive tracts of these specimens were excised and evaluated for dietary contents and...
Show moreLong-term temporal variation in juvenile Chelonia mydas foraging ecology and key intrinsic/extrinsic explanatory factors were assessed at the southwestern Atlantic tropical-temperate transition zone. During a 7 yr period, 120 stranded C. mydas (30 to 62 cm curved carapace length; CCL) were collected from beaches in Parana, adjacent to the World Heritage listed Paranagua estuarine complex (PEC). The digestive tracts of these specimens were excised and evaluated for dietary contents and morphology. A total of 12 items/groups were found, but mainly comprised Ulva sp. (43% of specimens), Sargassum sp. (28%), Halodule wrightii (26%), Avicennia schaueriana (26%), Gracilaria domingensis (22%), unidentified angiosperms (21%) and cephalopod beaks (8%). Nearly 70% of all C. mydas had ingested marine debris. Proportionally more items occurred in the stomach, followed by the intestines and oesophagus. Canonical analysis of principal coordinates revealed several trends, including a negative relationship between CCL and cephalopod consumption, and strong short-and long-term temporal associations with different herbivorous foods. The latter manifested as (1) more H. wrightii consumed during the wet season, and other species (but especially A. schaueriana and Sargassum sp.) during the dry; and (2) a diet change between 2008-2010 and 2012-2014, with a shift towards Ulva sp. in the latter period (particularly in 2013). The observed extrinsic variation was attributed to environmental perturbations associated with El Nino, and anthropogenic impacts associated with dredging that started in 2010 in the PEC and which affected foraging habitats. The results reaffirm the foraging variability of C. mydas, but also demonstrate that sufficient time-series data are required to adequately describe the ecology of the species as a precursor to management actions that conserve regional populations.
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Date Issued: 2016-01-19
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000368922900016, 10.3354/meps11576
Format: Citation

Title: FEELING THE PULSE OF THE STRATOSPHERE An Emerging Opportunity for Predicting Continental-Scale Cold-Air Outbreaks I Month in Advance.
Creator: Cai, Ming, Yu, Yueyue, Deng, Yi, van den Cool, Huug M., Ren, Rongcai, Saha, Suru, Wu, Xingren, Huang, Jin
Abstract/Description: Extreme weather events such as cold-air outbreaks (CAOs) pose great threats to human life and the socioeconomic well-being of modern society. In the past, our capability to predict their occurrences has been constrained by the 2-week predictability limit for weather. We demonstrate here for the first time that a rapid increase of air mass transported into the polar stratosphere, referred to as the pulse of the stratosphere (PULSE), can often be predicted with a useful degree of skill 4-6...
Show moreExtreme weather events such as cold-air outbreaks (CAOs) pose great threats to human life and the socioeconomic well-being of modern society. In the past, our capability to predict their occurrences has been constrained by the 2-week predictability limit for weather. We demonstrate here for the first time that a rapid increase of air mass transported into the polar stratosphere, referred to as the pulse of the stratosphere (PULSE), can often be predicted with a useful degree of skill 4-6 weeks in advance by operational forecast models. We further show that the probability of the occurrence of continental-scale CAOs in midlatitudes increases substantially above normal conditions within a short time period from 1 week before to 1-2 weeks after the peak day of a PULSE event. In particular, we reveal that the three massive CAOs over North America in January and February of 2014 were preceded by three episodes of extreme mass transport into the polar stratosphere with peak intensities reaching a trillion tons per day, twice that on an average winter day. Therefore, our capability to predict the PULSEs with operational forecast models, in conjunction with its linkage to continental-scale CAOs, opens up a new opportunity for 30-day forecasts of continental scale CAOs, such as those occurring over North America during the 2013/14 winter. A real-time forecast experiment inaugurated in the winter of 2014/15 has given support to the idea that it is feasible to forecast CAOs 1 month in advance.
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Date Issued: 2016-08
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000382430700016, 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00287.1
Format: Citation

Title: Estimates of vertical turbulent mixing used to determine a vertical gradient in net and gross oxygen production in the oligotrophic South Pacific Gyre.
Creator: Haskell, W. Z., Prokopenko, M. G., Stanley, R. H. R., Knapp, A. N.
Abstract/Description: Mixed layer (ML) gross (GOP) and net (NOP) oxygen production rates based on in situ mass balances of triple oxygen isotopes (TOI) and O-2/Ar are influenced by vertical transport from below, a term traditionally difficult to constrain. Here we present a new approach to estimate vertical eddy diffusivity (K-z) based on density gradients in the upper thermocline and wind speed-based rates of turbulent shear at the ML depth. As an example, we use this K-z, verified by an independent Be-7-based...
Show moreMixed layer (ML) gross (GOP) and net (NOP) oxygen production rates based on in situ mass balances of triple oxygen isotopes (TOI) and O-2/Ar are influenced by vertical transport from below, a term traditionally difficult to constrain. Here we present a new approach to estimate vertical eddy diffusivity (K-z) based on density gradients in the upper thermocline and wind speed-based rates of turbulent shear at the ML depth. As an example, we use this K-z, verified by an independent Be-7-based estimate, in an O-2/TOI budget at a site in the oligotrophic South Pacific Gyre. NOP equaled 0.310.16mmolm(-2)d(-1) in the ML (similar to 55-65m depth) and 1.20.4mmolm(-2)d(-1) (80%) beneath the ML, while GOP equaled 7427mmolm(-2)d(-1) (86%) in the ML and 124mmolm(-2)d(-1) (14%) below, revealing a vertical gradient in production rates unquantifiable without the K-z estimate.
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Date Issued: 2016-07-28
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000383290200037, 10.1002/2016GL069523
Format: Citation

Title: Massive Asphalt Deposits, Oil Seepage, And Gas Venting Support Abundant Chemosynthetic Communities At The Campeche Knolls, Southern Gulf Of Mexico.
Creator: Sahling, Heiko, Borowski, Christian, Escobar-Briones, Elva, Gaytan-Caballero, Adriana, Hsu, Chieh-Wei, Loher, Markus, MacDonald, Ian, Marcon, Yann, Pape, Thomas, Roemer, Miriam,...
Show moreSahling, Heiko, Borowski, Christian, Escobar-Briones, Elva, Gaytan-Caballero, Adriana, Hsu, Chieh-Wei, Loher, Markus, MacDonald, Ian, Marcon, Yann, Pape, Thomas, Roemer, Miriam, Rubin-Blum, Maxim, Schubotz, Florence, Smrzka, Daniel, Wegener, Gunter, Bohrmann, Gerhard
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Abstract/Description: Hydrocarbon seepage is a widespread process at the continental margins of the Gulf of Mexico. We used a multidisciplinary approach, including multibeam mapping and visual seafloor observations with different underwater vehicles to study the extent and character of complex hydrocarbon seepage in the Bay of Campeche, southern Gulf of Mexico. Our observations showed that seafloor asphalt deposits previously only known from the Chapopote Knoll also occur at numerous other knolls and ridges in...
Show moreHydrocarbon seepage is a widespread process at the continental margins of the Gulf of Mexico. We used a multidisciplinary approach, including multibeam mapping and visual seafloor observations with different underwater vehicles to study the extent and character of complex hydrocarbon seepage in the Bay of Campeche, southern Gulf of Mexico. Our observations showed that seafloor asphalt deposits previously only known from the Chapopote Knoll also occur at numerous other knolls and ridges in water depths from 1230 to 3150 m. In particular the deeper sites (Chapopopte and Mictlan knolls) were characterized by asphalt deposits accompanied by extrusion of liquid oil in form of whips or sheets, and in some places (Tsanyao Yang, Mictlan, and Chapopote knolls) by gas emission and the presence of gas hydrates in addition. Molecular and stable carbon isotopic compositions of gaseous hydrocarbons suggest their primarily thermogenic origin. Relatively fresh asphalt structures were settled by chemosynthetic communities including bacterial mats and vestimentiferan tube worms, whereas older flows appeared largely inert and devoid of corals and anemones at the deep sites. The gas hydrates at Tsanyao Yang and Mictlan Knolls were covered by a 5-to-10 cm-thick reaction zone composed of authigenic carbonates, detritus, and microbial mats, and were densely colonized by 1-2 m-long tube worms, bivalves, snails, and shrimps. This study increased knowledge on the occurrences and dimensions of asphalt fields and associated gas hydrates at the Campeche Knolls. The extent of all discovered seepage structure areas indicates that emission of complex hydrocarbons is a widespread, thus important feature of the southern Gulf of Mexico.
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Date Issued: 2016-08-11
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000383178900002, 10.5194/bg-13-4491-2016
Format: Citation

Title: Measurement of inclusive jet production and nuclear modifications in pPb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV.
Creator: Khachatryan, V., Sirunyan, A. M., Tumasyan, A., Adam, W., Asilar, E., Bergauer, T., Brandstetter, J., Brondolin, E., Dragicevic, M., Eroe, J., Flechl, M., Friedl, M., Fruehwirth...
Show moreKhachatryan, V., Sirunyan, A. M., Tumasyan, A., Adam, W., Asilar, E., Bergauer, T., Brandstetter, J., Brondolin, E., Dragicevic, M., Eroe, J., Flechl, M., Friedl, M., Fruehwirth, R., Ghete, V. M., Hartl, C., Hoermann, N., Hrubec, J., Jeitler, M., Knuenz, V., Koenig, A., Krammer, M., Kraetschmer, I., Liko, D., Matsushita, T., Mikulec, I., Rabady, D., Rad, N., Rahbaran, B., Rohringer, H., Schieck, J., Schoefbeck, R., Strauss, J., Treberer-Treberspurg, W., Waltenberger, W., Wulz, C.-E., Mossolov, V., Shumeiko, N., Gonzalez, J. Suarez, Alderweireldt, S., Cornelis, T., De Wolf, E. A., Janssen, X., Knutsson, A., Lauwers, J., Luyckx, S., Van De Klundert, M., Van Haevermaet, H., Van Mechelen, P., Van Remortel, N., Van Spilbeeck, A., Abu Zeid, S., Blekman, F., D'Hondt, J., Daci, N., De Bruyn, I., Deroover, K., Heracleous, N., Keaveney, J., Lowette, S., Moreels, L., Olbrechts, A., Python, Q., Strom, D., Tavernier, S., Van Doninck, W., Van Mulders, P., Van Onsem, G. P., Van Parijs, I., Barria, P., Brun, H., Caillol, C., Clerbaux, B., De Lentdecker, G., Fang, W., Fasanella, G., Favart, L., Goldouzian, R., Grebenyuk, A., Karapostoli, G., Lenzi, T., Leonard, A., Maerschalk, T., Marinov, A., Pernie, L., Randle-conde, A., Seva, T., Vander Velde, C., Vanlaer, P., Yonamine, R., Zenoni, F., Zhang, F., Beernaert, K., Benucci, L., Cimmino, A., Crucy, S., Dobur, D., Fagot, A., Garcia, G., Gul, M., Mccartin, J., Rios, A. A. Ocampo, Poyraz, D., Ryckbosch, D., Salva, S., Sigamani, M., Tytgat, M., Van Driessche, W., Yazgan, E., Zaganidis, N., Basegmez, S., Beluffi, C., Bondu, O., Brochet, S., Bruno, G., Caudron, A., Ceard, L., Delaere, C., Delcourt, M., Favart, D., Forthomme, L., Giammanco, A., Jafari, A., Jez, P., Komm, M., Lemaitre, V., Mertens, A., Musich, M., Nuttens, C., Perrini, L., Piotrzkowski, K., Popov, A., Quertenmont, L., Selvaggi, M., Marono, M. Vidal, Beliy, N., Hammad, G. H., Alda Junior, W. L., Alves, F. L., Alves, G. A., Brito, L., Correa Martins Junior, M., Hamer, M., Hensel, C., Moraes, A., Pol, M. E., Rebello Teles, P., Belchior Batista Das Chagas, E., Carvalho, W., Chinellato, J., Custodio, A., Da Costa, E. M., De Jesus Damiao, D., De Oliveira Martins, C., Fonseca De Souza, S., Huertas Guativa, L. M., Malbouisson, H., Matos Figueiredo, D., Mora Herrera, C., Mundim, L., Nogima, H., Prado Da Silva, W. L., Santoro, A., Sznajder, A., Tonelli Manganote, E. J., Vilela Pereira, A., Ahuja, S., Bernardes, C. A., De Souza Santos, A., Dogra, S., Fernandez Perez Tomei, T. R., Gregores, E. M., Mercadante, P. G., Moon, C. S., Novaes, S. F., Padula, Sandra S., Romero Abad, D., Ruiz Vargas, J. C., Aleksandrov, A., Hadjiiska, R., Iaydjiev, P., Rodozov, M., Stoykova, S., Sultanov, G., Vutova, M., Dimitrov, A., Glushkov, I., Litov, L., Pavlov, B., Petkov, P., Ahmad, M., Bian, J. G., Chen, G. M., Chen, H. S., Chen, M., Cheng, T., Du, R., Jiang, C. H., Leggat, D., Plestina, R., Romeo, F., Shaheen, S. M., Spiezia, A., Tao, J., Wang, C., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., Asawatangtrakuldee, C., Ban, Y., Li, Q., Liu, S., Mao, Y., Qian, S. J., Wang, D., Xu, Z., Avila, C., Cabrera, A., Chaparro Sierra, L. F., Florez, C., Gomez, J. P., Gomez Moreno, B., Sanabria, J. C., Godinovic, N., Lelas, D., Puljak, I., Cipriano, P. M. Ribeiro, Antunovic, Z., Kovac, M., Brigljevic, V., Kadija, K., Luetic, J., Micanovic, S., Sudic, L., Attikis, A., Mavromanolakis, G., Mousa, J., Nicolaou, C., Ptochos, F., Razis, P. A., Rykaczewski, H., Bodlak, M., Finger, M., Finger, M., Abdelalim, A. A., Awad, A., Mahrous, A., Radi, A., Calpas, B., Kadastik, M., Murumaa, M., Raidal, M., Tiko, A., Veelken, C., Eerola, P., Pekkanen, J., Voutilainen, M., Harkonen, J., Karimaki, V., Kinnunen, R., Lampen, T., Lassila-Perini, K., Lehti, S., Linden, T., Luukka, P., Peltola, T., Tuominiemi, J., Tuovinen, E., Wendland, L., Talvitie, J., Tuuva, T., Besancon, M., Coudere, F., Dejardin, M., Denegri, D., Fabbro, B., Faure, J. L., Favaro, C., Ferri, F., Ganjour, S., Givernaud, A., Gras, P., de Monchenault, G. Hamel, Jarry, P., Locci, E., Machet, M., Malcles, J., Rander, J., Rosowsky, A., Titov, M., Zghiche, A., Abdulsalam, A., Antropov, I., Baffioni, S., Beaudette, F., Busson, P., Cadamuro, L., Chapon, E., Charlot, C., Davignon, O., Filipovic, N., de Cassagnac, R. Granier, Jo, M., Lisniak, S., Mastrolorenzo, L., Mine, P., Naranjo, I. N., Nguyen, M., Ochando, C., Ortona, G., Paganini, P., Pigard, P., Regnard, S., Salerno, R., Sauvan, J. B., Sirois, Y., Strebler, T., Yilmaz, Y., Zabi, A., Agram, J.-L., Andrea, J., Aubin, A., Bloch, D., Brom, J.-M., Buttignol, M., Chabert, E. C., Chanon, N., Collard, C., Conte, E., Coubez, X., Fontaine, J.-C., Gele, D., Goerlach, U., Goetzmann, C., Le Bihan, A.-C., Merlin, J. A., Skovpen, K., Van Hove, P., Gadrat, S., Beauceron, S., Bernet, C., Boudoul, G., Bouvier, E., Montoya, C. A. Carrillo, Chierici, R., Contardo, D., Courbon, B., Depasse, P., El Mamouni, H., Fan, J., Fay, J., Gascon, S., Gouzevitch, M., Ille, B., Lagarde, F., Laktineh, I. B., Lethuillier, M., Mirabito, L., Pequegnot, A. L., Perries, S., Alvarez, J. D. Ruiz, Sabes, D., Sordini, V., Donckt, M. Vander, Verdier, P., Viret, S., Toriashvili, T., Tsamalaidze, Z., Autermann, C., Beranek, S., Feld, L., Heister, A., Kiesel, M. K., Klein, K., Lipinski, M., Ostapchuk, A., Preuten, M., Raupach, F., Schael, S., Schulte, J. F., Verlage, T., Weber, H., Zhukov, V., Ata, M., Brodski, M., Dietz-Laursonn, E., Duchardt, D., Endres, M., Erdmann, M., Erdweg, S., Esch, T., Fischer, R., Gueth, A., Hebbeker, T., Heidemann, C., Hoepfner, K., Knutzen, S., Kreuzer, P., Merschmeyer, M., Meyer, A., Millet, P., Mukherjee, S., Olschewski, M., Padeken, K., Papacz, P., Pook, T., Radziej, M., Reithler, H., Rieger, M., Scheuch, F., Sonnenschein, L., Teyssier, D., Thueer, S., Cherepanov, V., Erdogan, Y., Fluegge, G., Geenen, H., Geisler, M., Hoehle, F., Kargoll, B., Kress, T., Kuensken, A., Lingemann, J., Nehrkorn, A., Nowack, A., Nugent, I. M., Pistone, C., Pooth, O., Stahl, A., Martin, M. Aldaya, Asin, I., Bartosik, N., Behnke, O., Behrens, U., Borras, K., Burgmeier, A., Campbell, A., Contreras-Campana, C., Costanza, F., Pardos, C. Diez, Dolinska, G., Dooling, S., Dorland, T., Eckerlin, G., Eckstein, D., Eichhorn, T., Flucke, G., Gallo, E., Garcia, J. Garay, Geiser, A., Gizhko, A., Gunnellini, P., Hauk, J., Hempel, M., Jung, H., Kalogeropoulos, A., Karacheban, O., Kasemann, M., Katsas, P., Kieseler, J., Kleinwort, C., Korol, I., Lange, W., Leonard, J., Lipka, K., Lobanov, A., Lohmann, W., Mankel, R., Melzer-Pellmann, I.-A., Meyer, A. B., Mittag, G., Mnich, J., Mussgiller, A., Naumann-Emme, S., Nayak, A., Ntomari, E., Perrey, H., Pitzl, D., Placakyte, R., Raspereza, A., Roland, B., Sahin, M. Oe, Saxena, P., Schoerner-Sadenius, T., Seitz, C., Spannagel, S., Stefaniuk, N., Trippkewitz, K. D., Walsh, R., Wissing, C., Blobel, V., Vignali, M. Centis, Draeger, A. R., Erfle, J., Garutti, E., Goebel, K., Gonzalez, D., Goerner, M., Haller, J., Hoffmann, M., Hoeing, R. S., Junkes, A., Klanner, R., Kogler, R., Kovalchuk, N., Lapsien, T., Lenz, T., Marchesini, I., Marconi, D., Meyer, M., Nowatschin, D., Ott, J., Pantaleo, F., Peiffer, T., Perieanu, A., Pietsch, N., Poehlsen, J., Rathjens, D., Sander, C., Scharf, C., Schleper, P., Schlieckau, E., Schmidt, A., Schumann, S., Schwandt, J., Sola, V., Stadie, H., Steinbrueck, G., Stober, F. M., Tholen, H., Troendle, D., Usai, E., Vanelderen, L., Vanhoefer, A., Vormwald, B., Barth, C., Baus, C., Berger, J., Boeser, C., Butz, E., Chwalek, T., Colombo, F., De Boer, W., Descroix, A., Dierlamm, A., Fink, S., Frensch, F., Friese, R., Giffels, M., Gilbert, A., Haitz, D., Hartmann, F., Heindl, S. M., Husemann, U., Katkov, I., Kornmayer, A., Pardo, P. Lobelle, Maier, B., Mildner, H., Mozer, M. U., Mueller, T., Mueller, Th, Plagge, M., Quast, G., Rabbertz, K., Roecker, S., Roscher, F., Schroeder, M., Sieber, G., Simonis, H. J., Ulrich, R., Wagner-Kuhr, J., Wayand, S., Weber, M., Weiler, T., Williamson, S., Woehrmann, C., Wolf, R., Anagnostou, G., Daskalakis, G., Geralis, T., Giakoumopoulou, V. A., Kyriakis, A., Loukas, D., Psallidas, A., Topsis-Giotis, I., Agapitos, A., Kesisoglou, S., Panagiotou, A., Saoulidou, N., Tziaferi, E., Evangelou, I., Flouris, G., Foudas, C., Kokkas, P., Loukas, N., Manthos, N., Papadopoulos, I., Paradas, E., Strologas, J., Bencze, G., Hajdu, C., Hazi, A., Hidas, P., Horvath, D., Sikler, F., Veszpremi, V., Vesztergombi, G., Zsigmond, A. J., Beni, N., Czellar, S., Karancsi, J., Molnar, J., Szillasi, Z., Bartok, M., Makovec, A., Raics, P., Trocsanyi, Z. L., Ujvari, B., Choudhury, S., Mal, P., Mandal, K., Sahoo, D. K., Sahoo, N., Swain, S. K., Bansal, S., Beri, S. B., Bhatnagar, V., Chawla, R., Gupta, R., Bhawandeep, U., Kalsi, A. K., Kaur, A., Kaur, M., Kumar, R., Mehta, A., Mittal, M., Singh, J. B., Walia, G., Kumar, Ashok, Bhardwaj, A., Choudhary, B. C., Garg, R. B., Malhotra, S., Naimuddin, M., Nishu, N., Ranjan, K., Sharma, R., Sharma, V., Bhattacharya, S., Chatterjee, K., Dey, S., Dutta, S., Majumdar, N., Modak, A., Mondal, K., Mukhopadhyay, S., Roy, A., Roy, D., Chowdhury, S. Roy, Sarkar, S., Sharan, M., Chudasama, R., Dutta, D., Jha, V., Kumar, V., Mohanty, A. K., Pant, L. M., Shukla, P., Topkar, A., Aziz, T., Banerjee, S., Bhowmik, S., Chatterjee, R. M., Dewanjee, R. K., Dugad, S., Ganguly, S., Ghosh, S., Guchait, M., Gurtu, A., Jain, Sa, Kole, G., Kumar, S., Mahakud, B., Maity, M., Majumder, G., Mazumdar, K., Mitra, S., Mohanty, G. B., Parida, B., Sarkar, T., Sur, N., Sutar, B., Wickramage, N., Chauhan, S., Dube, S., Kapoor, A., Kothekar, K., Sharma, S., Bakhshiansohi, H., Behnamian, H., Etesami, S. M., Fahim, A., Khakzad, M., Najafabadi, M. Mohammadi, Naseri, M., Mehdiabadi, S. Paktinat, Hosseinabadi, F. Rezaei, Safarzadeh, B., Zeinali, M., Felcini, M., Grunewald, M., Abbrescia, M., Calabria, C., Caputo, C., Colaleo, A., Creanza, D., Cristella, L., De Filippis, N., De Palma, M., Fiore, L., Iaselli, G., Maggi, G., Maggi, M., Miniello, G., My, S., Nuzzo, S., Pompili, A., Pugliese, G., Radogna, R., Ranieri, A., Selvaggi, G., Silvestris, L., Venditti, R., Abbiendi, G., Battilana, C., Bonacorsi, D., Braibant-Giacomelli, S., Brigliadori, L., Campanini, R., Capiluppi, P., Castro, A., Cavallo, F. R., Chhibra, S. S., Codispoti, G., Cuffiani, M., Dallavalle, G. M., Fabbri, F., Fanfani, A., Fasanella, D., Giacomelli, P., Grandi, C., Guiducci, L., Marcellini, S., Masetti, G., Montanari, A., Navarria, F. L., Perrotta, A., Rossi, A. M., Rovelli, T., Siroli, G. P., Tosi, N., Cappello, G., Chiorboli, M., Costa, S., Di Mattia, A., Giordano, F., Potenza, R., Tricomi, A., Tuve, C., Barbagli, G., Ciulli, V., Civinini, C., D'Alessandro, R., Focardi, E., Gori, V., Lenzi, P., Meschini, M., Paoletti, S., Sguazzoni, G., Viliani, L., Benussi, L., Bianco, S., Fabbri, F., Piccolo, D., Primavera, F., Calvelli, V., Ferro, F., Lo Vetere, M., Monge, M. R., Robutti, E., Tosi, S., Brianza, L., Dinardo, M. E., Fiorendi, S., Gennai, S., Gerosa, R., Ghezzi, A., Govoni, P., Malvezzi, S., Manzoni, R. A., Marzocchi, B., Menasce, D., Moroni, L., Paganoni, M., Pedrini, D., Ragazzi, S., Redaelli, N., de Fatis, T. Tabarelli, Buontempo, S., Cavallo, N., Di Guida, S., Esposito, M., Fabozzi, F., Iorio, A. O. M., Lanza, G., Lista, L., Meola, S., Merola, M., Paolucci, P., Sciacca, C., Thyssen, F., Azzi, P., Bacchetta, N., Benato, L., Bisello, D., Boletti, A., Branca, A., Carlin, R., Checchia, P., Dall'Osso, M., Dorigo, T., Dosselli, U., Fanzago, F., Gasparini, F., Gasparini, U., Gozzelino, A., Kanishchev, K., Lacaprara, S., Margoni, M., Meneguzzo, A. T., Pazzini, J., Pozzobon, N., Ronchese, P., Simonetto, F., Torassa, E., Tosi, M., Zanetti, M., Zotto, P., Zucchetta, A., Zumerle, G., Braghieri, A., Magnani, A., Montagna, P., Ratti, S. P., Re, V., Riccardi, C., Salvini, P., Vai, I., Vitulo, P., Solestizi, L. Alunni, Bilei, G. M., Ciangottini, D., Fano, L., Lariccia, P., Mantovani, G., Menichelli, M., Saha, A., Santocchia, A., Androsov, K., Azzurri, P., Bagliesi, G., Bernardini, J., Boccali, T., Castaldi, R., Ciocci, M. A., Dell'Orso, R., Donato, S., Fedi, G., Foa, L., Giassi, A., Grippo, M. 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W., Wyslouch, B., Yang, M., Zhukova, V., Benvenuti, A. C., Dahmes, B., Evans, A., Finkel, A., Gude, A., Hansen, P., Kalafut, S., Kao, S. C., Klapoetke, K., Kubota, Y., Lesko, Z., Mans, J., Nourbakhsh, S., Ruckstuhl, N., Rusack, R., Tambe, N., Turkewitz, J., Acosta, J. G., Oliveros, S., Avdeeva, E., Bartek, R., Bloom, K., Bose, S., Claes, D. R., Dominguez, A., Fangmeier, C., Suarez, R. Gonzalez, Kamalieddin, R., Knowlton, D., Kravchenko, I., Meier, F., Monroy, J., Ratnikov, F., Siado, J. E., Snow, G. R., Alyari, M., Dolen, J., George, J., Godshalk, A., Harrington, C., Iashvili, I., Kaisen, J., Kharchilava, A., Kumar, A., Rappoccio, S., Roozbahani, B., Alverson, G., Barberis, E., Baumgartel, D., Chasco, M., Hortiangtham, A., Massironi, A., Morse, D. M., Nash, D., Orimoto, T., De Lima, R. Teixeira, Trocino, D., Wang, R.-J., Wood, D., Zhang, J., Bhattacharya, S., Hahn, K. A., Kubik, A., Low, J. F., Mucia, N., Odell, N., Pollack, B., Schmitt, M., Sung, K., Trovato, M., Velasco, M., Dev, N., Hildreth, M., Jessop, C., Karmgard, D. J., Kellams, N., Lannon, K., Marinelli, N., Meng, F., Mueller, C., Musienko, Y., Planer, M., Reinsvold, A., Ruchti, R., Smith, G., Taroni, S., Valls, N., Wayne, M., Wolf, M., Woodard, A., Antonelli, L., Brinson, J., Bylsma, B., Durkin, L. S., Flowers, S., Hart, A., Hill, C., Hughes, R., Ji, W., Ling, T. Y., Liu, B., Luo, W., Puigh, D., Rodenburg, M., Winer, B. L., Wulsin, H. W., Driga, O., Elmer, P., Hardenbrook, J., Hebda, P., Koay, S. A., Lujan, P., Marlow, D., Medvedeva, T., Mooney, M., Olsen, J., Palmer, C., Piroue, P., Stickland, D., Tully, C., Zuranski, A., Malik, S., Barker, A., Barnes, V. E., Benedetti, D., Bortoletto, D., Gutay, L., Jha, M. K., Jones, M., Jung, A. W., Jung, K., Kumar, A., Miller, D. H., Neumeister, N., Radburn-Smith, B. C., Shi, X., Shipsey, I., Silvers, D., Sun, J., Svyatkovskiy, A., Wang, F., Xie, W., Xu, L., Parashar, N., Stupak, J., Adair, A., Akgun, B., Chen, Z., Ecklund, K. M., Geurts, F. J. M., Guilbaud, M., Li, W., Michlin, B., Northup, M., Padley, B. P., Redjimi, R., Roberts, J., Rorie, J., Tu, Z., Zabel, J., Betchart, B., Bodek, A., de Barbaro, P., Demina, R., Eshaq, Y., Ferbel, T., Galanti, M., Garcia-Bellido, A., Han, J., Hindrichs, O., Khukhunaishvili, A., Lo, K. H., Tan, P., Verzetti, M., Chou, J. P., Contreras-Campana, E., Ferencek, D., Gershtein, Y., Halkiadakis, E., Heindl, M., Hidas, D., Hughes, E., Kaplan, S., Elayavalli, R. Kunnawalkam, Lath, A., Nash, K., Saka, H., Salur, S., Schnetzer, S., Sheffield, D., Somalwar, S., Stone, R., Thomas, S., Thomassen, P., Walker, M., Foerster, M., Riley, G., Rose, K., Spanier, S., York, A., Thapa, K., Bouhali, O., Hernandez, A. Castaneda, Celik, A., Dalchenko, M., De Mattia, M., Delgado, A., Dildick, S., Eusebi, R., Gilmore, J., Huang, T., Kamon, T., Krutelyov, V., Mueller, R., Osipenkov, I., Pakhotin, Y., Patel, R., Perloff, A., Rose, A., Safonov, A., Tatarinov, A., Ulmer, K. A., Akchurin, N., Cowden, C., Damgov, J., Dragoiu, C., Dudero, P. R., Faulkner, J., Kunori, S., Lamichhane, K., Lee, S. W., Libeiro, T., Undleeb, S., Volobouev, I., Appelt, E., Delannoy, A. G., Greene, S., Gurrola, A., Janjam, R., Johns, W., Maguire, C., Mao, Y., Melo, A., Ni, H., Sheldon, P., Tuo, S., Velkovska, J., Xu, Q., Arenton, M. W., Cox, B., Francis, B., Goodell, J., Hirosky, R., Ledovskoy, A., Li, H., Lin, C., Neu, C., Sinthuprasith, T., Sun, X., Wang, Y., Wolfe, E., Wood, J., Xia, F., Clarke, C., Harr, R., Karchin, P. E., Don, C. Kottachchi Kankanamge, Lamichhane, P., Sturdy, J., Belknap, D. A., Carlsmith, D., Dasu, S., Dodd, L., Duric, S., Gomber, B., Grothe, M., Herndon, M., Herve, A., Klabbers, P., Lanaro, A., Levine, A., Long, K., Loveless, R., Mohapatra, A., Ojalvo, I., Perry, T., Pierro, G. A., Polese, G., Ruggles, T., Sarangi, T., Savin, A., Sharma, A., Smith, N., Smith, W. H., Taylor, D., Verwilligen, P., Woods, N.
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Abstract/Description: Inclusive jet production in pPb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon (NN) center-of-mass energy of root s(NN) = 5.02 TeV is studied with the CMS detector at the LHC. A data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 30.1 nb(-1) is analyzed. The jet transverse momentum spectra are studied in seven pseudorapidity intervals covering the range -2.0
Show moreInclusive jet production in pPb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon (NN) center-of-mass energy of root s(NN) = 5.02 TeV is studied with the CMS detector at the LHC. A data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 30.1 nb(-1) is analyzed. The jet transverse momentum spectra are studied in seven pseudorapidity intervals covering the range -2.0 < eta(CM) < 1.5 in the NN center-of-mass frame. The jet production yields at forward and backward pseudorapidity are compared and no significant asymmetry about eta(CM) = 0 is observed in the measured kinematic range. The measurements in the pPb system are compared to reference jet spectra obtained by extrapolation from previous measurements in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV. In all pseudorapidity ranges, nuclear modifications in inclusive jet production are found to be small, as predicted by next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations that incorporate nuclear effects in the parton distribution functions.
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Date Issued: 2016-07-04
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000379648600001, 10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-4205-7
Format: Citation

Title: Late Campanian-maastrichtian Kamptnerius Magnificus Acme In The South Atlantic Section Of The Southern Ocean, Odp Holes 690c And 700b.
Creator: Guerra, Rodrigo M., Concheyro, Andrea, Wise, Sherwood W., Fauth, Gerson
Abstract/Description: Coccolithophores are organisms with distribution largely controlled by temperature and availability of nutrients. For extinct calcareous nannofossils there are some uncertainties in assigning ecological preferences of taxa, however sometimes species occurrences exhibits striking high abundances showing clear preferences for certain environment, the so-called acme events. During quantitative analyses on samples from the South Atlantic section of the Southern Ocean (Holes 690C and 700B) a...
Show moreCoccolithophores are organisms with distribution largely controlled by temperature and availability of nutrients. For extinct calcareous nannofossils there are some uncertainties in assigning ecological preferences of taxa, however sometimes species occurrences exhibits striking high abundances showing clear preferences for certain environment, the so-called acme events. During quantitative analyses on samples from the South Atlantic section of the Southern Ocean (Holes 690C and 700B) a notable Kamptnerius magnificus acmewas documented. This is the first time that such bioevent is described for the South Atlantic Ocean. Preliminary analysis indicates that this event probably is related to the cooling in sea-surface temperatures during the Late Campanian-Maastrichtian.
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000388077800002
Format: Citation

Title: Long distance seawater intrusion through a karst conduit network in the Woodville Karst Plain, Florida.
Creator: Xu, Zexuan, Bassett, Seth Willis, Hu, Bill, Dyer, Scott Barrett
Abstract/Description: Five periods of increased electrical conductivity have been found in the karst conduits supplying one of the largest first magnitude springs in Florida with water. Numerous well-developed conduit networks are distributed in the Woodville Karst Plain (WKP), Florida and connected to the Gulf of Mexico. A composite analysis of precipitation and electrical conductivity data provides strong evidence that the increases in conductivity are directly tied to seawater intrusion moving inland and...
Show moreFive periods of increased electrical conductivity have been found in the karst conduits supplying one of the largest first magnitude springs in Florida with water. Numerous well-developed conduit networks are distributed in the Woodville Karst Plain (WKP), Florida and connected to the Gulf of Mexico. A composite analysis of precipitation and electrical conductivity data provides strong evidence that the increases in conductivity are directly tied to seawater intrusion moving inland and traveling 11 miles against the prevailing regional hydraulic gradient from from Spring Creek Spring Complex (SCSC), a group of submarine springs at the Gulf Coast. A geochemical analysis of samples from the spring vent rules out anthropogenic contamination and upwelling regional recharge from the deep aquifer as sources of the rising conductivity. The interpretation is supported by the conceptual model established by prior researchers working to characterize the study area. This paper documents the first and longest case of seawater intrusion in the WKP, and also indicates significant possibility of seawater contamination through subsurface conduit networks in a coastal karst aquifer.
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Date Issued: 2016-08-25
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000381866900001, 10.1038/srep32235
Format: Citation

Title: Magmatic Evolution Of Panama Canal Volcanic Rocks: A Record Of Arc Processes And Tectonic Change.
Creator: Farris, David W., Cardona, Agustin, Montes, Camilo, Foster, David, Jaramillo, Carlos
Abstract/Description: Volcanic rocks along the Panama Canal present a world-class opportunity to examine the relationship between arc magmatism, tectonic forcing, wet and dry magmas, and volcanic structures. Major and trace element geochemistry of Canal volcanic rocks indicate a significant petrologic transition at 21-25 Ma. Oligocene Bas Obispo Fm. rocks have large negative Nb-Ta anomalies, low HREE, fluid mobile element enrichments, a THI of 0.88, and a H2Ocalc of >3 wt. %. In contrast, the Miocene Pedro Miguel...
Show moreVolcanic rocks along the Panama Canal present a world-class opportunity to examine the relationship between arc magmatism, tectonic forcing, wet and dry magmas, and volcanic structures. Major and trace element geochemistry of Canal volcanic rocks indicate a significant petrologic transition at 21-25 Ma. Oligocene Bas Obispo Fm. rocks have large negative Nb-Ta anomalies, low HREE, fluid mobile element enrichments, a THI of 0.88, and a H2Ocalc of >3 wt. %. In contrast, the Miocene Pedro Miguel and Late Basalt Fm. exhibit reduced Nb-Ta anomalies, flattened REE curves, depleted fluid mobile elements, a THI of 1.45, a H2Ocalc of < 1 wt. %, and plot in mid-ocean ridge/back-arc basin fields. Geochemical modeling of Miocene rocks indicates 0.5-0.1 kbar crystallization depths of hot (1100- 1190 degrees C) magmas in which most compositional diversity can be explained by fractional crystallization (F = 0.5). However, the most silicic lavas (Las Cascadas Fm.) require an additional mechanism, and assimilation-fractional-crystallization can reproduce observed compositions at reasonable melt fractions. The Canal volcanic rocks, therefore, change from hydrous basaltic pyroclastic deposits typical of mantle-wedge-derived magmas, to hot, dry bi-modal magmatism at the Oligocene-Miocene boundary. We suggest the primary reason for the change is onset of arc perpendicular extension localized to central Panama. High-resolution mapping along the Panama Canal has revealed a sequence of inward dipping maar-diatreme pyroclastic pipes, large basaltic sills, and bedded silicic ignimbrites and tuff deposits. These volcanic bodies intrude into the sedimentary Canal Basin and are cut by normal and subsequently strike-slip faults. Such pyroclastic pipes and basaltic sills are most common in extensional arc and large igneous province environments. Overall, the change in volcanic edifice form and geochemistry are related to onset of arc perpendicular extension, and are consistent with the idea that Panama arc crust fractured during collision with South America forming the observed Canal extensional zone.
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Date Issued: 2017-05-10
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000401314100012, 10.1371/journal.pone.0176010
Format: Citation

Title: Horizontal mixing in the Southern Ocean from Argo float trajectories.
Creator: Roach, Christopher J., Balwada, Dhruv, Speer, Kevin
Abstract/Description: We provide the first observational estimate of the circumpolar distribution of cross-stream eddy diffusivity at 1000 m in the Southern Ocean using Argo float trajectories. We show that Argo float trajectories, from the float surfacing positions, can be used to estimate lateral eddy diffusivities in the ocean and that these estimates are comparable to those obtained from RAFOS floats, where they overlap. Using the Southern Ocean State Estimate (SOSE) velocity fields to advect synthetic...
Show moreWe provide the first observational estimate of the circumpolar distribution of cross-stream eddy diffusivity at 1000 m in the Southern Ocean using Argo float trajectories. We show that Argo float trajectories, from the float surfacing positions, can be used to estimate lateral eddy diffusivities in the ocean and that these estimates are comparable to those obtained from RAFOS floats, where they overlap. Using the Southern Ocean State Estimate (SOSE) velocity fields to advect synthetic particles with imposed behavior that is "Argo-like'' and "RAFOS-like'' diffusivity estimates from both sets of synthetic particles agreed closely at the three dynamically very different test sites, the Kerguelen Island region, the Southeast Pacific Ocean, and the Scotia Sea, and support our approach. Observed cross-stream diffusivities at 1000 m, calculated from Argo float trajectories, ranged between 300 and 2500 m(2) s(-1), with peaks corresponding to topographic features associated with the Scotia Sea, the Kerguelen Plateau, the Campbell Plateau, and the Southeast Pacific Ridge. These observational estimates agree with previous regional estimates from the Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean (DIMES) near the Drake Passage, and other estimates from natural tracers (helium), inverse modeling studies, and current meter measurements. These estimates are also compared to the suppressed eddy diffusivity in the presence of mean flows. The comparison suggests that away from regions of strong topographic steering suppression explains both the structure and magnitude of eddy diffusivity but that eddy diffusivities in the regions of topographic steering are greater than what would be theoretically expected and the ACC experiences localized enhanced cross-stream mixing in these regions.
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Date Issued: 2016-08
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000386912700011, 10.1002/2015JC011440
Format: Citation

Title: Impact of seasonality and anthropogenic impoundments on dissolved organic matter dynamics in the Klamath River (Oregon/California, USA).
Creator: Oliver, Allison A., Spencer, Robert G. M., Deas, Michael L., Dahlgren, Randy A.
Abstract/Description: Rivers play a major role in the transport and processing of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Disturbances that impact DOM dynamics, such as river impoundments and flow regulation, have consequences for biogeochemical cycling and aquatic ecosystems. In this study we examined how river impoundments and hydrologic regulation impact DOM quantity and quality by tracking spatial and seasonal patterns of DOM in a large, regulated river (Klamath River, USA). Dissolved organic carbon (DOC)...
Show moreRivers play a major role in the transport and processing of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Disturbances that impact DOM dynamics, such as river impoundments and flow regulation, have consequences for biogeochemical cycling and aquatic ecosystems. In this study we examined how river impoundments and hydrologic regulation impact DOM quantity and quality by tracking spatial and seasonal patterns of DOM in a large, regulated river (Klamath River, USA). Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations decreased downstream and longitudinal patterns in DOC load varied by season. Export of DOM (as DOC) was largely driven by river flow, while DOM composition was strongly influenced by impoundments. Seasonal algal blooms in upstream lentic reaches provided a steady source of algal DOM that was processed in downstream reaches. DOM at upstream sites had an average spectral slope ratio (S-R)>1, indicating algal-derived material, but decreased downstream to an average S-R<1, more indicative of terrestrial-derived material. The increasingly terrestrial nature of DOM exported from reservoirs likely reflects degraded algal material that becomes increasingly more recalcitrant with distance from upstream source and additional processing. As a result, DOM delivered to free-flowing river reaches below impoundments was less variable in composition. Downstream of impoundments, tributary influences resulted in increasing contributions of terrestrial DOM from the surrounding watershed. Removal of the four lower dams on the Klamath River is scheduled to proceed in the next decade. These results suggest that management should consider the role of impoundments on altering DOM dynamics, particularly in the context of dam removal.
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Date Issued: 2016-07
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000382581900017, 10.1002/2016JG003497
Format: Citation

Title: Isolating the Temperature Feedback Loop and Its Effects on Surface Temperature.
Creator: Sejas, Sergio A., Cai, Ming
Abstract/Description: Climate feedback processes are known to substantially amplify the surface warming response to an increase of greenhouse gases. When the forcing and feedbacks modify the temperature response they trigger temperature feedback loops that amplify the direct temperature changes due to the forcing and nontemperature feedbacks through the thermal-radiative coupling between the atmosphere and surface. This study introduces a new feedback-response analysis method that can isolate and quantify the...
Show moreClimate feedback processes are known to substantially amplify the surface warming response to an increase of greenhouse gases. When the forcing and feedbacks modify the temperature response they trigger temperature feedback loops that amplify the direct temperature changes due to the forcing and nontemperature feedbacks through the thermal-radiative coupling between the atmosphere and surface. This study introduces a new feedback-response analysis method that can isolate and quantify the effects of the temperature feedback loops of individual processes on surface temperature from their corresponding direct surface temperature responses. The authors analyze a 1% yr 21 increase of CO2 simulation of the NCAR CCSM4 at the time of CO2 doubling to illustrate the new method. The Planck sensitivity parameter, which indicates colder regions experience stronger surface temperature responses given the same change in surface energy flux, is the inherent factor that leads to polar warming amplification (PWA). This effect explains the PWA in the Antarctic, while the direct temperature response to the albedo and cloud feedbacks further explains the greater PWA of the Arctic. Temperature feedback loops, particularly the one associated with the albedo feedback, further amplify the Arctic surface warming relative to the tropics. In the tropics, temperature feedback loops associated with the CO2 forcing and water vapor feedback cause most of the surface warming. Overall, the temperature feedback is responsible for most of the surface warming globally, accounting for nearly 76% of the global-mean surface warming. This is 3 times larger than the next largest warming contribution, indicating that the temperature feedback loop is the preeminent contributor to the surface warming.
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Date Issued: 2016-08
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000380764400018, 10.1175/JAS-D-15-0287.1
Format: Citation

Title: Influence of soil frost on the character and degradability of dissolved organic carbon in boreal forest soils.
Creator: Selvam, B. Panneer, Laudon, H., Guillemette, F., Berggren, M.
Abstract/Description: Recent studies suggest that increases in extent and duration of winter soil frost increases dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in boreal riparian soils and connected aquatic systems during the subsequent spring and summer. However, little is known about the impact of frost on DOC character and its degradability. We applied three experimental treatments to riparian soils in northern Swedenshallow soil frost (insulated), deep soil frost (snow removed) and control plotsto test the...
Show moreRecent studies suggest that increases in extent and duration of winter soil frost increases dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in boreal riparian soils and connected aquatic systems during the subsequent spring and summer. However, little is known about the impact of frost on DOC character and its degradability. We applied three experimental treatments to riparian soils in northern Swedenshallow soil frost (insulated), deep soil frost (snow removed) and control plotsto test the effect of different soil frost regimes on the chemical characteristics and degradability of soil DOC. Soil pore water samples were analyzed using excitation-emission fluorescence (parallel factor analysis) combined with biological and photochemical degradation experiments. We found that the absolute bacterial metabolic rates were significantly lower in samples from the shallow soil frost treatments, compared with the other treatments. Explorative multivariate analyses indicate that increasing soil frost is contributing to increased protein-like fluorescence and to increased biological degradability of the DOC. Our study shows that decreases in riparian soil frost due to climate warming may not only contribute to decreased riparian DOC concentrations but also lead to shifts in the DOC composition, resulting in decreased biodegradability (yet similar photodegradability) of the DOC that is exported from riparian soils to streams.
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Date Issued: 2016-03
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000374345000014, 10.1002/2015JG003228
Format: Citation

Title: Introduction to the Special Issue on Graduate Education in the Ocean Sciences.
Creator: Cook, Susan B., Marcus, Nancy H.
Date Issued: 2016-03
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000374097800003, 10.5670/oceanog.2016.03
Format: Citation

Title: Mississippi River Plume Enriches Microbial Diversity In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico.
Creator: Mason, Olivia U., Canter, Erin J., Gillies, Lauren E., Paisie, Taylor K., Roberts, Brian J.
Abstract/Description: The Mississippi River (MR) serves as the primary source of freshwater and nutrients to the northern Gulf of Mexico (nGOM). Whether this input of freshwater also enriches microbial diversity as the MR plume migrates and mixes with the nGOM serves as the central question addressed herein. Specifically, in this study physicochemical properties and planktonic microbial community composition and diversity was determined using iTag sequencing of 16S rRNA genes in 23 samples collected along a...
Show moreThe Mississippi River (MR) serves as the primary source of freshwater and nutrients to the northern Gulf of Mexico (nGOM). Whether this input of freshwater also enriches microbial diversity as the MR plume migrates and mixes with the nGOM serves as the central question addressed herein. Specifically, in this study physicochemical properties and planktonic microbial community composition and diversity was determined using iTag sequencing of 16S rRNA genes in 23 samples collected along a salinity (and nutrient) gradient from the mouth of the MR, in the MR plume, in the canyon, at the Deepwater Horizon wellhead and out to the loop current. Analysis of these datasets revealed that the MR influenced microbial diversity as far offshore as the Deepwater Horizon wellhead. The MR had the highest microbial diversity, which decreased with increasing salinity. MR bacterioplankton communities were distinct compared to the nGOM, particularly in the surface where Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria dominated, while the deeper MR was also enriched in Thaumarchaeota. Statistical analyses revealed that nutrients input by the MR, along with salinity and depth, were the primary drivers in structuring the microbial communities. These results suggested that the reduced salinity, nutrient enriched MR plume could act as a seed bank for microbial diversity as it mixes with the nGOM. Whether introduced microorganisms are active at higher salinities than freshwater would determine if this seed bank for microbial diversity is ecologically significant. Alternatively, microorganisms that are physiologically restricted to freshwater habitats that are entrained in the plume could be used as tracers for freshwater input to the marine environment.
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Date Issued: 2016-07-07
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000379120100001, 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01048
Format: Citation

Title: Mesoscale modeling for the rapid movement of monsoonal isochrones.
Creator: Kumar, Vinay, Krishnamurti, T. N.
Abstract/Description: The progresses of fast moving 2013 monsoonal isochrones were simulated with WRF model at 25 km and compared with slower moving isochrones of 2014. A large number of sensitivity experiments were performed by enhancing of soil moisture, stratiform rain up to 25%, their combination and reducing soil temperature by 12%, over 5 grid points to the north of the isochrones over a relatively dry soil layer. The modified soil parameters and startiform rain ahead of isochrones enhances the population of...
Show moreThe progresses of fast moving 2013 monsoonal isochrones were simulated with WRF model at 25 km and compared with slower moving isochrones of 2014. A large number of sensitivity experiments were performed by enhancing of soil moisture, stratiform rain up to 25%, their combination and reducing soil temperature by 12%, over 5 grid points to the north of the isochrones over a relatively dry soil layer. The modified soil parameters and startiform rain ahead of isochrones enhances the population of the buoyant elements, divergent flows of the local Hadley circulation normal to the isochrones; resulting in a fast movement of the isochrones.
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Date Issued: 2016-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000369737200013, 10.1002/asl.617
Format: Citation

Title: Meso- and microzooplankton grazing in the Amazon River plume and western tropical North Atlantic.
Creator: Conroy, Brandon J., Steinberg, Deborah K., Stukel, Michael R., Goes, Joaquim I., Coles, Victoria J.
Abstract/Description: Largely due to size differences, mesozooplankton are important exporters of carbon and prey for larger organisms, while microzooplankton are important recyclers of nutrients, dominant grazers of phytoplankton, and a key link in the microbial loop. We investigated the relative importance of meso-and microzooplankton grazing in the western tropical North Atlantic Ocean (WTNA) and Amazon River plume. Sampling as part of the ANACONDAS project occurred in spring (May-June) 2010 during the peak...
Show moreLargely due to size differences, mesozooplankton are important exporters of carbon and prey for larger organisms, while microzooplankton are important recyclers of nutrients, dominant grazers of phytoplankton, and a key link in the microbial loop. We investigated the relative importance of meso-and microzooplankton grazing in the western tropical North Atlantic Ocean (WTNA) and Amazon River plume. Sampling as part of the ANACONDAS project occurred in spring (May-June) 2010 during the peak outflow of the Amazon River and in fall (September-October) 2011 during the plume seasonal retroflection. Mesozooplankton grazing rates decreased with increasing salinity in both seasons, but during the fall both day and nighttime grazing rates were significantly negatively correlated with salinity. Mesozooplankton grazing was highest in plume-influenced surface waters (0-25 m), and usually dominated by smaller size classes (0.2-0.5 mm and 0.51.0 mm). Microzooplankton grazing accounted for approximately 68% of bulk phytoplankton growth across all stations. Comparison of meso-and microzooplankton grazing suggests a transition in food web dynamics from a mesozooplankton dominated "export" structure in the plume transitioning to a microzooplankton dominated "retention" structure at mesohaline and oceanic stations above sea surface salinity of 33. Comparison between the seasons suggests a seasonal planktonic succession of low mesozooplankton grazing during the spring peak discharge followed by higher grazing rates and impact by mesozooplankton during the fall retroflection. These results provide important baseline information required for examining effects of climate change on the planktonic food web of the WTNA and for use in biogeochemical models of the region.
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Date Issued: 2016-05
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000375748400003, 10.1002/lno.10261
Format: Citation

Title: Mercury Oxidation From Bromine Chemistry In The Free Troposphere Over The Southeastern Us.
Creator: Coburn, Sean, Dix, Barbara, Edgerton, Eric, Holmes, Christopher D., Kinnison, Douglas, Liang, Qing, ter Schure, Arnout, Wang, Siyuan, Volkamer, Rainer
Abstract/Description: The elevated deposition of atmospheric mercury over the southeastern United States is currently not well understood. Here we measure partial columns and vertical profiles of bromine monoxide (BrO) radicals, a key component of mercury oxidation chemistry, to better understand the processes and altitudes at which mercury is being oxidized in the atmosphere. We use data from a ground-based MAX-DOAS instrument located at a coastal site aEuro parts per thousand aEuro-1aEuro-km from the Gulf of...
Show moreThe elevated deposition of atmospheric mercury over the southeastern United States is currently not well understood. Here we measure partial columns and vertical profiles of bromine monoxide (BrO) radicals, a key component of mercury oxidation chemistry, to better understand the processes and altitudes at which mercury is being oxidized in the atmosphere. We use data from a ground-based MAX-DOAS instrument located at a coastal site aEuro parts per thousand aEuro-1aEuro-km from the Gulf of Mexico in Gulf Breeze, FL, where we had previously detected tropospheric BrO (Coburn et al., 2011). Our profile retrieval assimilates information about stratospheric BrO from the WACCM chemical transport model (CTM), and uses only measurements at moderately low solar zenith angles (SZAs) to estimate the BrO slant column density contained in the reference spectrum (SCDRef). The approach has 2.6 degrees of freedom, and avoids spectroscopic complications that arise at high SZA; knowledge about SCDRef further helps to maximize sensitivity in the free troposphere (FT). A cloud-free case study day with low aerosol load (9 April 2010) provided optimal conditions for distinguishing marine boundary layer (MBL: 0-1aEuro-km) and free-tropospheric (FT: 1-15aEuro-km) BrO from the ground. The average daytime tropospheric BrO vertical column density (VCD) of aEuro parts per thousand aEuro-2.3aEuro-aEuro parts per thousand x aEuro-10(13)aEuro-molecaEuro-cm(-2) (SZAaEuro-aEuro parts per thousand < aEuro-70 degrees) is consistent with our earlier reports on other days. The vertical profile locates essentially all tropospheric BrO above 4aEuro-km, and shows no evidence for BrO inside the MBL (detection limitaEuro-aEuro parts per thousand < aEuro-0.5aEuro-pptv). BrO increases to aEuro parts per thousand aEuro-3.5aEuro-pptv at 10-15aEuro-km altitude, consistent with recent aircraft observations. Our case study day is consistent with recent aircraft studies, in that the oxidation of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) by bromine radicals to form gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) is the dominant pathway for GEM oxidation throughout the troposphere above Gulf Breeze. The column integral oxidation rates are about 3.6aEuro-aEuro parts per thousand xaEuro-10(5)aEuro-molecaEuro-cm(-2)aEuro-s(-1) for bromine, while the contribution from ozone (O-3) is 0.8aEuro-aEuro parts per thousand x aEuro-10(5)aEuro-molecaEuro-cm(-2)aEuro-s(-1). Chlorine-induced oxidation is estimated to add < aEuro-5aEuro-% to these mercury oxidation rates. The GOM formation rate is sensitive to recently proposed atmospheric scavenging reactions of the HgBr adduct by nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and to a lesser extent also HO2 radicals. Using a 3-D CTM, we find that surface GOM variations are also typical of other days, and are mainly derived from the FT. Bromine chemistry is active in the FT over Gulf Breeze, where it forms water-soluble GOM that is subsequently available for wet scavenging by thunderstorms or transport to the boundary layer.
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000374702300005, 10.5194/acp-16-3743-2016
Format: Citation

Title: Methanogens Are Major Contributors To Nitrogen Fixation In Soils Of The Florida Everglades.
Creator: Bae, Hee-Sung, Morrison, Elise, Chanton, Jeffrey P., Ogram, Andrew
Abstract/Description: The objective of this study was to investigate the interaction of the nitrogen (N) cycle with methane production in the Florida Everglades, a large freshwater wetland. This study provides an initial analysis of the distribution and expression of N-cycling genes in Water Conservation Area 2A (WCA-2A), a section of the marsh that underwent phosphorus (P) loading for many years due to runoff from upstream agricultural activities. The elevated P resulted in increased primary productivity and an N...
Show moreThe objective of this study was to investigate the interaction of the nitrogen (N) cycle with methane production in the Florida Everglades, a large freshwater wetland. This study provides an initial analysis of the distribution and expression of N-cycling genes in Water Conservation Area 2A (WCA-2A), a section of the marsh that underwent phosphorus (P) loading for many years due to runoff from upstream agricultural activities. The elevated P resulted in increased primary productivity and an N limitation in P-enriched areas. Results from quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analyses indicated that the N cycle in WCA-2A was dominated by nifH and nirK/S, with an increasing trend in copy numbers in P-impacted sites. Many nifH sequences (6 to 44% of the total) and nifH transcript sequences (2 to 49%) clustered with the methanogenic Euryarchaeota, in stark contrast to the proportion of core gene sequences representing Archaea (<= 0.27% of SSU rRNA genes) for the WCA-2A microbiota. Notably, archaeal nifH gene transcripts were detected at all sites and comprised a significant proportion of total nifH transcripts obtained from the unimpacted site, indicating that methanogens are actively fixing N-2. Laboratory incubations with soils taken from WCA-2A produced nifH transcripts with the production of methane from H-2 plus CO2 and acetate as electron donors and carbon sources. Methanogenic N-2 fixation is likely to be an important, although largely unrecognized, route through which fixed nitrogen enters the anoxic soils of the Everglades and may have significant relevance regarding methane production in wetlands. IMPORTANCE Wetlands are the most important natural sources of the greenhouse gas methane, and much of that methane emanates from (sub) tropical peatlands. Primary productivity in these peatlands is frequently limited by the availability of nitrogen or phosphorus; however, the response to nutrient limitations of microbial communities that control biogeochemical cycling critical to ecosystem function may be complex and may be associated with a range of processes, including methane production. We show that many, if not most, of the methanogens in the peatlands of the Florida Everglades possess the nifH gene and actively express it for N-2 fixation coupled with methanogenesis. These findings indicate that archaeal N-2 fixation would play crucial role in methane emissions and overall N cycle in subtropical wetlands suffering N limitation.
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Date Issued: 2018-04
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000427697900001, 10.1128/AEM.02222-17
Format: Citation

Title: Methods Of Oil Detection In Response To The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill.
Creator: White, Helen K., Conmy, Robyn N., MacDonald, Ian R., Reddy, Christopher M.
Abstract/Description: Detecting oil in the northern Gulf of Mexico following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill presented unique challenges due to the spatial and temporal extent of the spill and the subsequent dilution of oil in the environment. Over time, physical, chemical, and biological processes altered the composition of the oil, further complicating its detection. Reservoir fluid, containing gas and oil, released from the Macondo well was detected in surface and subsurface environments. Oil monitoring during...
Show moreDetecting oil in the northern Gulf of Mexico following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill presented unique challenges due to the spatial and temporal extent of the spill and the subsequent dilution of oil in the environment. Over time, physical, chemical, and biological processes altered the composition of the oil, further complicating its detection. Reservoir fluid, containing gas and oil, released from the Macondo well was detected in surface and subsurface environments. Oil monitoring during and after the spill required a variety of technologies, including nimble adaptation of techniques developed for non-oil-related applications. The oil detection technologies employed varied in sensitivity, selectivity, strategy, cost, usability, expertise of user, and reliability. Innovative technologies ranging from remote sensing to laboratory analytical techniques were employed and produced new information relevant to oil spill detection, including the chemical characterization, the dispersion effectiveness, and the detection limits of oil. The challenge remains to transfer these new technologies to oil spill responders so that detection of oil following a spill can be improved.
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Date Issued: 2016-09
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000382334500014, 10.5670/oceanog.2016.72
Format: Citation

Title: Nitrogen Isotopic Evidence For A Shift From Nitrate- To Diazotroph-fueled Export Production In The Vahine Mesocosm Experiments.
Creator: Knapp, Angela N., Fawcett, Sarah E., Martinez-Garcia, Alfredo, Leblond, Nathalie, Moutin, Thierry, Bonnet, Sophie
Abstract/Description: In a coastal lagoon with a shallow, 25 m water column off the southwest coast of New Caledonia, large-volume (similar to 50 m(3)) mesocosm experiments were undertaken to track the fate of newly fixed nitrogen (N). The mesocosms were intentionally fertilized with 0.8 mu M dissolved inorganic phosphorus to stimulate diazotrophy. N isotopic evidence indicates that the dominant source of N fueling export production shifted from subsurface nitrate (NO3-) assimilated prior to the start of the 23...
Show moreIn a coastal lagoon with a shallow, 25 m water column off the southwest coast of New Caledonia, large-volume (similar to 50 m(3)) mesocosm experiments were undertaken to track the fate of newly fixed nitrogen (N). The mesocosms were intentionally fertilized with 0.8 mu M dissolved inorganic phosphorus to stimulate diazotrophy. N isotopic evidence indicates that the dominant source of N fueling export production shifted from subsurface nitrate (NO3-) assimilated prior to the start of the 23-day experiments to N-2 fixation by the end of the experiments. While the delta N-15 of the sinking particulate N (PNsink) flux changed during the experiments, the delta N-15 of the suspended PN (PNsusp) and dissolved organic N (DON) pools did not. This is consistent with previous observations that the delta N-15 of surface ocean N pools is less responsive than that of PNsink to changes in the dominant source of new N to surface waters. In spite of the absence of detectable NO3- in the mesocosms, the delta N-15 of PNsink indicated that NO3- continued to fuel a significant fraction of export production (20 to 60 %) throughout the 23-day experiments, with N-2 fixation dominating export after about 2 weeks. The low rates of organic N export during the first 14 days were largely supported by NO3-, and phytoplankton abundance data suggest that sinking material primarily comprised large diatoms. Concurrent molecular and taxonomic studies indicate that the diazotroph community was dominated by diatom-diazotroph assemblages (DDAs) at this time. However, these DDAs represented a minor fraction (<5 %) of the total diatom community and contributed very little new N via N-2 fixation; they were thus not important for driving export production, either directly or indirectly. The unicellular cyanobacterial diazotroph, a Cyanothece-like UCYN-C, proliferated during the last phase of the experiments when N-2 fixation, primary production, and the flux of PNsink increased significantly, and delta N-15 budgets reflected a predominantly diazotrophic source of N fueling export. At this time, the export flux itself was likely dominated by the non-diazotrophic diatom, Cylindrotheca closterium, along with lesser contributions from other eukaryotic phytoplankton and aggregated UCYN-C cells, as well as fecal pellets from zooplankton. Despite comprising a small fraction of the total biomass, UCYN-C was largely responsible for driving export production during the last similar to 10 days of the experiments both directly (similar to 5 to 22% of PNsink) and through the rapid transfer of its newly fixed N to other phytoplankton; we infer that this newly fixed N was transferred rapidly through the dissolved N (including DON) and PNsusp pools. This inference reconciles previous observations of invariant oligotrophic surface ocean DON concentrations and delta N-15 with incubation studies showing that diazotrophs can release a significant fraction of their newly fixed N as some form of DON.
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Date Issued: 2016-08-18
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000383791400002, 10.5194/bg-13-4645-2016
Format: Citation

Title: Non-gaussian Analysis Of Observations From The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder Compared With Era And Merra Reanalyses.
Creator: De Souza-Machado, Sergio, Tangborn, Andrew, Sura, Philip, Hepplewhite, Christopher, Strow, L. Larrabee
Abstract/Description: Statistical relationships between higher-order moments of probability density functions (PDFs) are used to analyze top-of-atmosphere radiance measurements made by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and radiance calculations from the ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA) and the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) over a 10-yr period. The statistical analysis used in this paper has previously been applied to sea surface temperature, and here the authors show that...
Show moreStatistical relationships between higher-order moments of probability density functions (PDFs) are used to analyze top-of-atmosphere radiance measurements made by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and radiance calculations from the ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA) and the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) over a 10-yr period. The statistical analysis used in this paper has previously been applied to sea surface temperature, and here the authors show that direct satellite radiance observations of atmospheric variability also exhibit stochastic forcing characteristics. The authors have chosen six different AIRS channels based on the sensitivity of their measured radiances to a variety of geophysical properties. In each of these channels, the authors have found evidence of correlated additive and multiplicative (CAM) stochastic forcing. In general, channels sensitive to tropospheric humidity and surface temperature show the strongest evidence of CAM forcing, while those sensitive to stratospheric temperature and ozone exhibit the weakest forcing. Radiance calculations from ERA and MERRA agree well with AIRS measurements in the Gaussian part of the PDFs but show some differences in the tails, indicating that the reanalysesmay bemissing some extrema there. The CAMforcing is investigated through numerical simulation of simple stochastic differential equations (SDEs). The authors show how measurements agree better with weaker CAM forcing, achieved by reducing the multiplicative forcing or by increasing the spatial correlation of the added noise in the case of an SDE with one spatial dimension. This indicates that atmospheric models could be improved by adjusting nonlinear terms that couple long and short time scales.
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Date Issued: 2017-05
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000403092400013, 10.1175/JAMC-D-16-0278.1
Format: Citation

Title: North Atlantic Barotropic Vorticity Balances in Numerical Models.
Creator: Schoonover, Joseph, Dewar, William, Wienders, Nicolas, Gula, Jonathan, McWilliams, James C., Molemaker, M. Jeroen, Bates, Susan C., Danabasoglu, Gokhan, Yeager, Stephen
Abstract/Description: Numerical simulations are conducted across model platforms and resolutions with a focus on the North Atlantic. Barotropic vorticity diagnostics confirm that the subtropical gyre is characterized by an inviscid balance primarily between the applied wind stress curl and bottom pressure torque. In an area-integrated budget over the Gulf Stream, the northward return flow is balanced by bottom pressure torque. These integrated budgets are shown to be consistent across model platforms and...
Show moreNumerical simulations are conducted across model platforms and resolutions with a focus on the North Atlantic. Barotropic vorticity diagnostics confirm that the subtropical gyre is characterized by an inviscid balance primarily between the applied wind stress curl and bottom pressure torque. In an area-integrated budget over the Gulf Stream, the northward return flow is balanced by bottom pressure torque. These integrated budgets are shown to be consistent across model platforms and resolution, suggesting that these balances are robust. Two of the simulations, at 100- and 10-km resolutions, produce a more northerly separating Gulf Stream but obtain the correct integrated vorticity balances. In these simulations, viscous torque is nonnegligible on smaller scales, indicating that the separation is linked to the details of the local dynamics. These results are shown to be consistent with a scale analysis argument that suggests that the biharmonic viscous torque in particular is upsetting the inviscid balance in simulations with a more northerly separation. In addition to providing evidence for locally controlled inviscid separation, these results provide motivation to revisit the formulation of subgrid-scale parameterizations in general circulation models.
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Date Issued: 2016-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000368628500001, 10.1175/JPO-D-15-0133.1
Format: Citation

Title: Artificial Water Sediment Regulation Scheme Influences Morphology, Hydrodynamics And Nutrient Behavior In The Yellow River Estuary.
Creator: Xu, Bochao, Yang, Disong, Burnett, William C., Ran, Xiangbin, Yu, Zhigang, Gao, Maosheng, Diao, Shaobo, Jiang, Xueyan
Abstract/Description: Anthropogenic controls on water and sediment may play important roles in river system transformations and morphological evolution, which could further affect coastal hydrodynamics and nutrient behavior. We used geochemical tracers to evaluate the influence of an intentional large release of water and sediment during the so-called "Water Sediment Regulation Scheme" (WSRS) on estuarine morphology, hydrodynamics and nutrients in the Yellow River estuary, China. We discovered that there was a...
Show moreAnthropogenic controls on water and sediment may play important roles in river system transformations and morphological evolution, which could further affect coastal hydrodynamics and nutrient behavior. We used geochemical tracers to evaluate the influence of an intentional large release of water and sediment during the so-called "Water Sediment Regulation Scheme" (WSRS) on estuarine morphology, hydrodynamics and nutrients in the Yellow River estuary, China. We discovered that there was a newly formed small delta in the river mouth after the 2013 WSRS. This new morphologic feature altered terrestrial material distribution patterns from a single plume to a two-plume pattern within the estuary. Our results show that the WSRS significantly influenced the study area in the following ways: (1) Radium and nutrient concentrations were significantly elevated (two to four times), especially along the two river outlets. (2) Estuarine mixing was about two times stronger during WSRS than before. Average aerial mixing rates before and during WSRS were 50 +/- 26 km(2) d(-1) and 89 +/- 51 km(2) d(-1), respectively. (3) Our data is consistent with P limitation and suggest that stoichiometrically based P limitation was even more severe during WSRS. (4) All river-derived nutrients were thoroughly consumed within one to two weeks after entry to near-shore waters. (5) The extent of the area influenced by terrestrial nutrients was two to three times greater during WSRS. Human influence, such as triggered by WSRS regulations, should thus be considered when studying biogeochemical processes and nutrient budgets in situations like the Yellow River estuary. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Date Issued: 2016-08
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000378953700008, 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.05.024
Format: Citation

Title: Assessing the Radiative Effects of Global Ice Clouds Based on CloudSat and CALIPSO Measurements.
Creator: Hong, Yulan, Liu, Guosheng, Li, J.-L. F.
Abstract/Description: Although it is well established that cirrus warms Earth, the radiative effect of the entire spectrum of ice clouds is not well understood. In this study, the role of all ice clouds in Earth's radiation budget is investigated by performing radiative transfer modeling using ice cloud properties retrieved from CloudSat and CALIPSO measurements as inputs. Results show that, for the 2008 period, the warming effect (similar to 21.8 +/- 5.4 W m(-2)) induced by ice clouds trapping longwave radiation...
Show moreAlthough it is well established that cirrus warms Earth, the radiative effect of the entire spectrum of ice clouds is not well understood. In this study, the role of all ice clouds in Earth's radiation budget is investigated by performing radiative transfer modeling using ice cloud properties retrieved from CloudSat and CALIPSO measurements as inputs. Results show that, for the 2008 period, the warming effect (similar to 21.8 +/- 5.4 W m(-2)) induced by ice clouds trapping longwave radiation exceeds their cooling effect (similar to-16.7 +/- 1.7 W m(-2)) caused by shortwave reflection, resulting in a net warming effect (similar to 5.1 +/- 3.8 W m(-2)) globally on the earthatmosphere system. The net warming is over 15 W m(-2) in the tropical deep convective regions, whereas cooling occurs in the midlatitudes, which is less than 10 W m(-2) in magnitude. Seasonal variations of ice cloud radiative effects are evident in the midlatitudes where the net effect changes from warming during winter to cooling during summer, whereas warming occurs all year-round in the tropics. Ice cloud optical depth t is shown to be an important factor in determining the sign and magnitude of the net radiative effect. Ice clouds with tau < 4.6 display a warming effect with the largest contributions from those with tau approximate to 1.0. In addition, ice clouds cause vertically differential heating and cooling of the atmosphere, particularly with strong heating in the upper troposphere over the tropics. At Earth's surface, ice clouds produce a cooling effect no matter how small the tau value is.
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Date Issued: 2016-11
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000386205900006, 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0799.1
Format: Citation

Title: Comparison Of The Ocean Surface Vector Winds From Atmospheric Reanalysis And Scatterometer-based Wind Products Over The Nordic Seas And The Northern North Atlantic And Their Application For Ocean Modeling.
Creator: Dukhovskoy, Dmitry S., Bourassa, Mark A., Petersen, Guorun Nina, Steffen, John
Abstract/Description: Ocean surface vector wind fields from reanalysis data sets and scatterometer-derived gridded products are analyzed over the Nordic Seas and the northern North Atlantic for the time period from 2000 to 2009. The data sets include the National Center for Environmental Prediction Reanalysis 2 (NCEPR2), Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), Arctic System Reanalysis (ASR), Cross-Calibrated Multiplatform (CCMP) wind product version 1.1 and recently released version 2.0, and QuikSCAT. The goal...
Show moreOcean surface vector wind fields from reanalysis data sets and scatterometer-derived gridded products are analyzed over the Nordic Seas and the northern North Atlantic for the time period from 2000 to 2009. The data sets include the National Center for Environmental Prediction Reanalysis 2 (NCEPR2), Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), Arctic System Reanalysis (ASR), Cross-Calibrated Multiplatform (CCMP) wind product version 1.1 and recently released version 2.0, and QuikSCAT. The goal of the study is to assess discrepancies across the wind vector fields in the data sets and demonstrate possible implications of these differences for ocean modeling. Large-scale and mesoscale characteristics of winds are compared at interannual, seasonal, and synoptic timescales. A cyclone tracking methodology is developed and applied to the wind fields to compare cyclone characteristics in the data sets. Additionally, the winds are evaluated against observations collected from meteorological buoys deployed in the Iceland and Irminger Seas. The agreement among the wind fields is better for longer time and larger spatial scales. The discrepancies are clearly apparent for synoptic timescales and mesoscales. CCMP, ASR, and CFSR show the closest overall agreement with each other. Substantial biases are found in the NCEPR2 winds. Numerical sensitivity experiments are conducted with a coupled ice-ocean model forced by different wind fields. The experiments demonstrate differences in the net surface heat fluxes during storms. In the experiment forced by NCEPR2 winds, there are discrepancies in the large-scale wind-driven ocean dynamics compared to the other experiments.
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Date Issued: 2017-03
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000400678900018, 10.1002/2016JC012453
Format: Citation

Title: Biomass offsets little or none of permafrost carbon release from soils, streams, and wildfire: an expert assessment.
Creator: Abbott, Benjamin W., Jones, Jeremy B., Schuur, Edward A. G., Chapin, F. Stuart, Bowden, William B., Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia, Epstein, Howard E., Flannigan, Michael D., Harms,...
Show moreAbbott, Benjamin W., Jones, Jeremy B., Schuur, Edward A. G., Chapin, F. Stuart, Bowden, William B., Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia, Epstein, Howard E., Flannigan, Michael D., Harms, Tamara K., Hollingsworth, Teresa N., Mack, Michelle C., McGuire, A. David, Natali, Susan M., Rocha, Adrian V., Tank, Suzanne E., Turetsky, Merritt R., Vonk, Jorien E., Wickland, Kimberly P., Aiken, George R., Alexander, Heather D., Amon, Rainer M. W., Benscoter, Brian W., Bergeron, Yves, Bishop, Kevin, Blarquez, Olivier, Bond-Lamberty, Ben, Breen, Amy L., Buffam, Ishi, Cai, Yihua, Carcaillet, Christopher, Carey, Sean K., Chen, Jing M., Chen, Han Y. H., Christensen, Torben R., Cooper, Lee W., Cornelissen, J. Hans C., de Groot, William J., DeLuca, Thomas H., Dorrepaal, Ellen, Fetcher, Ned, Finlay, Jacques C., Forbes, Bruce C., French, Nancy H. F., Gauthier, Sylvie, Girardin, Martin P., Goetz, Scott J., Goldammer, Johann G., Gough, Laura, Grogan, Paul, Guo, Laodong, Higuera, Philip E., Hinzman, Larry, Hu, Feng Sheng, Hugelius, Gustaf, Jafarov, Elchin E., Jandt, Randi, Johnstone, Jill F., Karlsson, Jan, Kasischke, Eric S., Kattner, Gerhard, Kelly, Ryan, Keuper, Frida, Kling, George W., Kortelainen, Pirkko, Kouki, Jari, Kuhry, Peter, Laudon, Hjalmar, Laurion, Isabelle, Macdonald, Robie W., Mann, Paul J., Martikainen, Pertti J., McClelland, James W., Molau, Ulf, Oberbauer, Steven F., Olefeldt, David, Pare, David, Parisien, Marc-Andre, Payette, Serge, Peng, Changhui, Pokrovsky, Oleg S., Rastetter, Edward B., Raymond, Peter A., Raynolds, Martha K., Rein, Guillermo, Reynolds, James F., Robards, Martin, Rogers, Brendan M., Schaedel, Christina, Schaefer, Kevin, Schmidt, Inger K., Shvidenko, Anatoly, Sky, Jasper, Spencer, Robert G. M., Starr, Gregory, Striegl, Robert G., Teisserenc, Roman, Tranvik, Lars J., Virtanen, Tarmo, Welker, Jeffrey M., Zimov, Sergei
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Abstract/Description: As the permafrost region warms, its large organic carbon pool will be increasingly vulnerable to decomposition, combustion, and hydrologic export. Models predict that some portion of this release will be offset by increased production of Arctic and boreal biomass; however, the lack of robust estimates of net carbon balance increases the risk of further overshooting international emissions targets. Precise empirical or model-based assessments of the critical factors driving carbon balance are...
Show moreAs the permafrost region warms, its large organic carbon pool will be increasingly vulnerable to decomposition, combustion, and hydrologic export. Models predict that some portion of this release will be offset by increased production of Arctic and boreal biomass; however, the lack of robust estimates of net carbon balance increases the risk of further overshooting international emissions targets. Precise empirical or model-based assessments of the critical factors driving carbon balance are unlikely in the near future, so to address this gap, we present estimates from 98 permafrost-region experts of the response of biomass, wildfire, and hydrologic carbon flux to climate change. Results suggest that contrary to model projections, total permafrost-region biomass could decrease due to water stress and disturbance, factors that are not adequately incorporated in current models. Assessments indicate that end-of-the-century organic carbon release from Arctic rivers and collapsing coastlines could increase by 75% while carbon loss via burning could increase four-fold. Experts identified water balance, shifts in vegetation community, and permafrost degradation as the key sources of uncertainty in predicting future system response. In combination with previous findings, results suggest the permafrost region will become a carbon source to the atmosphere by 2100 regardless of warming scenario but that 65%-85% of permafrost carbon release can still be avoided if human emissions are actively reduced.
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Date Issued: 2016-03
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000373401400017, 10.1088/1748-9326/11/3/034014
Format: Citation

Title: Bias characterization of CrIS shortwave temperature sounding channels using fast NLTE model and GFS forecast field.
Creator: Yin, Mengtao
Abstract/Description: The strong nonlocal thermal equilibrium (NLTE) emission in the upper atmosphere impedes the usage of Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) temperature channels near 4.3 mu m in the operational data assimilation. This study explores the bias characteristics of those temperature channels near 4.3 mu m with and without a fast NLTE model implemented in the Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM). It is shown that the biases of those temperature channels can reach up to 12K and are dramatically...
Show moreThe strong nonlocal thermal equilibrium (NLTE) emission in the upper atmosphere impedes the usage of Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) temperature channels near 4.3 mu m in the operational data assimilation. This study explores the bias characteristics of those temperature channels near 4.3 mu m with and without a fast NLTE model implemented in the Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM). It is shown that the biases of those temperature channels can reach up to 12K and are dramatically reduced to below 4K during daytime by the fast NLTE model with small differences from the nighttime biases. However, the biases after applying the NLTE correction remain large for CrIS upper atmospheric temperature channels during both daytime and nighttime. A further investigation suggests that the remaining biases in those temperature channels mainly originate from the cold biases in the stratospheric temperature profiles of National Center for Environmental Prediction Global Forecast System (GFS) forecasts as input to CRTM. The cold biases reach the maximum of about 8K near the tropics at about 1hPa, decreasing toward higher latitudes and lower altitudes.
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Date Issued: 2016-02-16
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000371481700014, 10.1002/2015JD023876
Format: Citation

Title: Carbon Abatement and Emissions Associated with the Gasification of Walnut Shells for Bioenergy and Biochar Production.
Creator: Pereira, Engil Isadora Pujol, Suddick, Emma C., Six, Johan
Abstract/Description: By converting biomass residue to biochar, we could generate power cleanly and sequester carbon resulting in overall greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) savings when compared to typical fossil fuel usage and waste disposal. We estimated the carbon dioxide (CO2) abatements and emissions associated to the concurrent production of bioenergy and biochar through biomass gasification in an organic walnut farm and processing facility in California, USA. We accounted for (i) avoided-CO2 emissions from...
Show moreBy converting biomass residue to biochar, we could generate power cleanly and sequester carbon resulting in overall greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) savings when compared to typical fossil fuel usage and waste disposal. We estimated the carbon dioxide (CO2) abatements and emissions associated to the concurrent production of bioenergy and biochar through biomass gasification in an organic walnut farm and processing facility in California, USA. We accounted for (i) avoided-CO2 emissions from displaced grid electricity by bioenergy; (ii) CO2 emissions from farm machinery used for soil amendment of biochar; (iii) CO2 sequestered in the soil through stable biochar-C; and (iv) direct CO2 and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from soil. The objective of these assessments was to pinpoint where the largest C offsets can be expected in the bioenergy-biochar chain. We found that energy production from gasification resulted in 91.8% of total C offsets, followed by stable biochar-C (8.2% of total C sinks), offsetting a total of 107.7 kg CO2-C eq Mg-1 feedstock. At the field scale, we monitored gas fluxes from soils for 29 months (180 individual observations) following field management and precipitation events in addition to weekly measurements within three growing seasons and two tree dormancy periods. We compared four treatments: control, biochar, compost, and biochar combined with compost. Biochar alone or in combination with compost did not alter total N2O and CO2 emissions from soils, indicating that under the conditions of this study, biochar-prompted C offsets may not be expected from the mitigation of direct soil GHG emissions. However, this study revealed a case where a large environmental benefit was given by the waste-to-bioenergy treatment, addressing farm level challenges such as waste management, renewable energy generation, and C sequestration.
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Date Issued: 2016-03-10
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000371993000069, 10.1371/journal.pone.0150837
Format: Citation

Title: Carbon-bearing Silicate Melt At Deep Mantle Conditions.
Creator: Ghosh, Dipta B., Bajgain, Suraj K., Mookherjee, Mainak, Karki, Bijaya B.
Abstract/Description: Knowledge about the incorporation and role of carbon in silicate magmas is crucial for our understanding of the deep mantle processes. CO2 bearing silicate melting and its relevance in the upper mantle regime have been extensively explored. Here we report first-principles molecular dynamics simulations of MgSiO3 melt containing carbon in three distinct oxidation states - CO2, CO, and C at conditions relevant for the whole mantle. Our results show that at low pressures up to 15 GPa, the carbon...
Show moreKnowledge about the incorporation and role of carbon in silicate magmas is crucial for our understanding of the deep mantle processes. CO2 bearing silicate melting and its relevance in the upper mantle regime have been extensively explored. Here we report first-principles molecular dynamics simulations of MgSiO3 melt containing carbon in three distinct oxidation states - CO2, CO, and C at conditions relevant for the whole mantle. Our results show that at low pressures up to 15 GPa, the carbon dioxide speciation is dominated by molecular form and carbonate ions. At higher pressures, the dominant species are silicon-polyhedral bound carbonates, tetrahedral coordination, and polymerized di-carbonates. Our results also indicate that CO2 component remains soluble in the melt at high pressures and the solution is nearly ideal. However, the elemental carbon and CO components show clustering of carbon atoms in the melt at high pressures, hinting towards possible exsolution of carbon from silicate melt at reduced oxygen contents. Although carbon lowers the melt density, the effect is modest at high pressures. Hence, it is likely that silicate melt above and below the mantle transition zone, and atop the core-mantle boundary could efficiently sequester significant amounts of carbon without being gravitationally unstable.
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Date Issued: 2017-04-12
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000399186000012, 10.1038/s41598-017-00918-x
Format: Citation

Title: Omip Contribution To Cmip6: Experimental And Diagnostic Protocol For The Physical Component Of The Ocean Model Intercomparison Project.
Creator: Griffies, Stephen M., Danabasoglu, Gokhan, Durack, Paul J., Adcroft, Alistair J., Balaji, V., Boning, Claus W., Chassignet, Eric P., Curchitser, Enrique, Deshayes, Julie, Drange...
Show moreGriffies, Stephen M., Danabasoglu, Gokhan, Durack, Paul J., Adcroft, Alistair J., Balaji, V., Boning, Claus W., Chassignet, Eric P., Curchitser, Enrique, Deshayes, Julie, Drange, Helge, Fox-Kemper, Baylor, Gleckler, Peter J., Gregory, Jonathan M., Haak, Helmuth, Hallberg, Robert W., Heimbach, Patrick, Hewitt, Helene T., Holland, David M., Ilyina, Tatiana, Jungclaus, Johann H., Komuro, Yoshiki, Krasting, John P., Large, William G., Marsland, Simon J., Masina, Simona, McDougall, Trevor J., Nurser, A. J. George, Orr, James C., Pirani, Anna, Qiao, Fangli, Stouffer, Ronald J., Taylor, Karl E., Treguier, Anne Marie, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Uotila, Petteri, Valdivieso, Maria, Wang, Qiang, Winton, Michael, Yeager, Stephen G.
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Abstract/Description: The Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP) is an endorsed project in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). OMIP addresses CMIP6 science questions, investigating the origins and consequences of systematic model biases. It does so by providing a framework for evaluating (including assessment of systematic biases), understanding, and improving ocean, sea-ice, tracer, and biogeochemical components of climate and earth system models contributing to CMIP6. Among the WCRP...
Show moreThe Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP) is an endorsed project in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). OMIP addresses CMIP6 science questions, investigating the origins and consequences of systematic model biases. It does so by providing a framework for evaluating (including assessment of systematic biases), understanding, and improving ocean, sea-ice, tracer, and biogeochemical components of climate and earth system models contributing to CMIP6. Among the WCRP Grand Challenges in climate science (GCs), OMIP primarily contributes to the regional sea level change and near-term (climate/decadal) prediction GCs. OMIP provides (a) an experimental protocol for global ocean/sea-ice models run with a prescribed atmospheric forcing; and (b) a protocol for ocean diagnostics to be saved as part of CMIP6. We focus here on the physical component of OMIP, with a companion paper (Orr et al., 2016) detailing methods for the inert chemistry and interactive biogeochemistry. The physical portion of the OMIP experimental protocol follows the interannual Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments (CORE-II). Since 2009, CORE-I (Normal Year Forcing) and CORE-II (Interannual Forcing) have become the standard methods to evaluate global ocean/sea-ice simulations and to examine mechanisms for forced ocean climate variability. The OMIP diagnostic protocol is relevant for any ocean model component of CMIP6, including the DECK (Diagnostic, Evaluation and Characterization of Klima experiments), historical simulations, FAFMIP (Flux Anomaly Forced MIP), C4MIP (Coupled Carbon Cycle Climate MIP), DAMIP (Detection and Attribution MIP), DCPP (Decadal Climate Prediction Project), ScenarioMIP, High-ResMIP (High Resolution MIP), as well as the ocean/sea-ice OMIP simulations.
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Date Issued: 2016-09-19
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000384321500001, 10.5194/gmd-9-3231-2016
Format: Citation

Title: Over What Area Did The Oil And Gas Spread During The 2010 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill?.
Creator: Ozgokmen, Tamay M., Chassignet, Eric P., Dawson, Clint N., Dukhovskoy, Dmitry, Jacobs, Gregg, Ledwell, James, Garcia-Pineda, Oscar, MacDonald, Ian R., Morey, Steven L.,...
Show moreOzgokmen, Tamay M., Chassignet, Eric P., Dawson, Clint N., Dukhovskoy, Dmitry, Jacobs, Gregg, Ledwell, James, Garcia-Pineda, Oscar, MacDonald, Ian R., Morey, Steven L., Olascoaga, Maria Josefina, Poje, Andrew C., Reed, Mark, Skancke, Jorgen
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Abstract/Description: The 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico resulted in the collection of a vast amount of situ and remotely sensed data that can be used to determine the spatiotemporal extent of the oil spill and test advances in oil spill models, verifying their utility for future operational use. This article summarizes observations of hydrocarbon dispersion collected at the surface and at depth and our current understanding of the factors that affect the dispersion, as well as our...
Show moreThe 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico resulted in the collection of a vast amount of situ and remotely sensed data that can be used to determine the spatiotemporal extent of the oil spill and test advances in oil spill models, verifying their utility for future operational use. This article summarizes observations of hydrocarbon dispersion collected at the surface and at depth and our current understanding of the factors that affect the dispersion, as well as our improved ability to model and predict oil and gas transport. As a direct result of studying the area where oil and gas spread during the DWH oil spill, our forecasting capabilities have been greatly enhanced. State-of-the-art oil spill models now include the ability to simulate the rise of a buoyant plume of oil from sources at the seabed to the surface. A number of efforts have focused on improving our understanding of the influences of the near-surface oceanic layer and the atmospheric boundary layer on oil spill dispersion, including the effects of waves. In the future, oil spill modeling routines will likely be included in Earth system modeling environments, which will link physical models (hydrodynamic, surface wave, and atmospheric) with marine sediment and biogeochemical components.
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Date Issued: 2016-09
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000382334500016, 10.5670/oceanog.2016.74
Format: Citation

Title: Origins, seasonality, and fluxes of organic matter in the Congo River.
Creator: Spencer, Robert G. M., Hernes, Peter J., Dinga, Bienvenu, Wabakanghanzi, Jose N., Drake, Travis W., Six, Johan
Abstract/Description: The Congo River in central Africa represents a major source of organic matter (OM) to the Atlantic Ocean. This study examined elemental (%OC, %N, and C:N), stable isotopic (C-13 and N-15), and biomarker composition (lignin phenols) of particulate OM (POM) and dissolved OM (DOM) across the seasonal hydrograph. Even though the Congo exhibits an extremely stable intra-annual discharge regime, seasonal variability in OM composition was evident. DOM appears predominantly derived from vascular...
Show moreThe Congo River in central Africa represents a major source of organic matter (OM) to the Atlantic Ocean. This study examined elemental (%OC, %N, and C:N), stable isotopic (C-13 and N-15), and biomarker composition (lignin phenols) of particulate OM (POM) and dissolved OM (DOM) across the seasonal hydrograph. Even though the Congo exhibits an extremely stable intra-annual discharge regime, seasonal variability in OM composition was evident. DOM appears predominantly derived from vascular plant inputs with greater relative contribution during the rising limb and peak in discharge associated with the major November-December discharge maximum. Generally, POM appears to be sourced from soil-derived mineral-associated OM (low C:N, low (8), and higher (Ad:Al)(v)) but the relative proportion of fresh vascular plant material (higher C:N, higher (8), and lower (Ad:Al)(v)) increases with higher discharge. During the study period (September 2009 to November 2010) the Congo exported 29.21Tgyr(-1) of total suspended sediment (TSS), 1.96Tgyr(-1) of particulate organic carbon (POC), and 12.48Tgyr(-1) of dissolved organic carbon. The Congo exports an order of magnitude lower TSS load in comparison to other major riverine sources of TSS (e.g., Ganges and Brahmaputra), but due to its OM-rich character it actually exports a comparable amount of POC. The Congo is also 2.5 times more efficient at exporting dissolved lignin per unit volume compared to the Amazon. Including Congo dissolved lignin data in residence time calculations for lignin in the Atlantic Ocean results in an approximately 10% reduction from the existing estimate, suggesting that this material is more reactive than previously thought.
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Date Issued: 2016-07
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000382582400009, 10.1002/2016GB005427
Format: Citation

Title: Opportunities for hydrologic research in the Congo Basin.
Creator: Alsdorf, Douglas, Beighley, Ed, Laraque, Alain, Lee, Hyongki, Tshimanga, Raphael, O'Loughlin, Fiachra, Mahe, Gil, Dinga, Bienvenu, Moukandi, Guy, Spencer, Robert G. M.
Abstract/Description: We review the published results on the Congo Basin hydrology and summarize the historic and ongoing research. Annual rainfall is similar to 1900 mm/yr along an east- west trend across the basin, decreasing northward and southward to similar to 1100 mm/yr. Historic studies using lysimeters, pans, and models suggest that the annual potential evapotranspiration varies little across the basin at 1100 to 1200 mm/yr. Over the past century, river discharge data have been collected at hundreds of...
Show moreWe review the published results on the Congo Basin hydrology and summarize the historic and ongoing research. Annual rainfall is similar to 1900 mm/yr along an east- west trend across the basin, decreasing northward and southward to similar to 1100 mm/yr. Historic studies using lysimeters, pans, and models suggest that the annual potential evapotranspiration varies little across the basin at 1100 to 1200 mm/yr. Over the past century, river discharge data have been collected at hundreds of stream gauges with historic and recent data at 96 locations now publicly available. Congo River discharge at Kinshasa-Brazzaville experienced an increase of 21% during the 1960-1970 decade in comparison to most other decades. Satellite altimetry measurements of high and low flows show that water levels in the "Cuvette Centrale" wetland are 0.5m to 3.0m higher in elevation than the immediately adjacent Congo River levels. Wetland water depths are shallow at about a meter and there does not appear to be many sizable channels across the "Cuvette"; thus, wetland flows are diffusive. Cuvette waters alone are estimated to emit about 0.5 Pg CH4 and CO2 equivalents/yr, an amount that is significant compared to global carbon evasions. Using these results, we suggest seven hypotheses that focus on the source of the Cuvette waters and how these leave the wetland, on the river discharge generated by historic rainfall, on the connection between climate change and the rainfall-runoff generated by the migrating "tropical rainbelt," on deforestation and hydroelectric power generation, and on the amount of carbon emitted from Congo waters.
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Date Issued: 2016-06
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000385716900004, 10.1002/2016RG000517
Format: Citation

Title: Optimization of Cloud-Radiation Databases for Passive Microwave Precipitation Retrievals over Ocean.
Creator: Seo, Eun-Kyoung, Yang, Sung-Dae, Grecu, Mircea, Ryu, Geun-Hyeok, Liu, Guosheng, Hristova-Veleva, Svetla, Noh, Yoo-Jeong, Haddad, Ziad, Shin, Jinho
Abstract/Description: Using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) observations from storms collected over the oceans surrounding East Asia, during summer, a method of creating physically consistent cloud-radiation databases to support satellite radiometer retrievals is introduced. In this method, vertical profiles of numerical model simulated cloud and precipitation fields are optimized against TRMM radar and radiometer observations using a hybrid empirical orthogonal function (EOF)-one-dimensional...
Show moreUsing Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) observations from storms collected over the oceans surrounding East Asia, during summer, a method of creating physically consistent cloud-radiation databases to support satellite radiometer retrievals is introduced. In this method, vertical profiles of numerical model simulated cloud and precipitation fields are optimized against TRMM radar and radiometer observations using a hybrid empirical orthogonal function (EOF)-one-dimensional variational (1DVAR) approach.The optimization is based on comparing simulated to observed radar reflectivity profiles and the corresponding passive microwave observations at the frequencies of the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) instrument. To minimize the discrepancies between the actual and the synthetic observations, the simulated cloud and precipitation profiles are optimized by adjusting the contents of the hydrometeors. To reduce the dimension of the hydrometeor content profiles in the optimization, multivariate relations among hydrometeor species are used. After applying the optimization method to modify the simulated clouds, the optimized cloud-radiation database has a joint distribution of reflectivity and associated brightness temperatures that is considerably closer to that observed by TRMM PR and TMI, especially at 85 GHz. This implies that the EOF-1DVAR approach can generate profiles with realistic distributions of frozen hydrometeors, such as snow and graupel. This approach may be similarly adapted to operate with the variety and capabilities of the passive microwave radiometers that compose the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) constellation. Furthermore, it can be extended to other oceanic regions and seasons.
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Date Issued: 2016-08
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000382896700006, 10.1175/JTECH-D-15-0198.1
Format: Citation

Title: Optimizing Laboratory-based Radon Flux Measurements For Sediments.
Creator: Chanyotha, Supitcha, Kranrod, Chutima, Kritsananuwat, Rawiwan, Lane-Smith, Derek, Burnett, William C.
Abstract/Description: Radon flux via diffusion from sediments and other materials may be determined in the laboratory by circulating air through the sample and a radon detector in a closed loop. However, this approach is complicated by the necessity of having to determine the total air volume in the system and accounting for any small air leaks that can arise if using extended measurement periods. We designed a simple open loop configuration that includes a measured mass of wet sediment and water inside a gas...
Show moreRadon flux via diffusion from sediments and other materials may be determined in the laboratory by circulating air through the sample and a radon detector in a closed loop. However, this approach is complicated by the necessity of having to determine the total air volume in the system and accounting for any small air leaks that can arise if using extended measurement periods. We designed a simple open loop configuration that includes a measured mass of wet sediment and water inside a gas-tight reaction flask connected to a drying system and a radon-in-air analyzer. Ambient air flows through two charcoal columns before entering the reaction vessel to eliminate incoming radon. After traveling through the reaction flask, the air passes the drier and the radon analyzer and is then vented. After some time, the radon activity will reach a steady state depending upon the airflow rate. With this approach, the radon flux via diffusion is simply the product of the steady-state radon activity (Bq/m(3)) multiplied by the airflow rate (mL/min). We demonstrated that this setup could produce good results for materials that produce relatively high radon fluxes. We also show that a modified closed system approach, including radon removal of the incoming air by charcoal filtration in a bypass, can produce very good results including samples with very low emission rates. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Date Issued: 2016-07
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000376699100006, 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.03.023
Format: Citation

Title: Particulate organic carbon and nitrogen export from major Arctic rivers.
Creator: McClelland, J. W., Holmes, R. M., Peterson, B. J., Raymond, P. A., Striegl, R. G., Zhulidov, A. V., Zimov, S. A., Zimov, N., Tank, S. E., Spencer, R. G. M., Staples, R.,...
Show moreMcClelland, J. W., Holmes, R. M., Peterson, B. J., Raymond, P. A., Striegl, R. G., Zhulidov, A. V., Zimov, S. A., Zimov, N., Tank, S. E., Spencer, R. G. M., Staples, R., Gurtovaya, T. Y., Griffin, C. G.
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Abstract/Description: Northern rivers connect a land area of approximately 20.5 million km(2) to the Arctic Ocean and surrounding seas. These rivers account for similar to 10% of global river discharge and transport massive quantities of dissolved and particulate materials that reflect watershed sources and impact biogeochemical cycling in the ocean. In this paper, multiyear data sets from a coordinated sampling program are used to characterize particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate nitrogen (PN) export...
Show moreNorthern rivers connect a land area of approximately 20.5 million km(2) to the Arctic Ocean and surrounding seas. These rivers account for similar to 10% of global river discharge and transport massive quantities of dissolved and particulate materials that reflect watershed sources and impact biogeochemical cycling in the ocean. In this paper, multiyear data sets from a coordinated sampling program are used to characterize particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate nitrogen (PN) export from the six largest rivers within the pan-Arctic watershed (Yenisey, Lena, Ob', Mackenzie, Yukon, Kolyma). Together, these rivers export an average of 3055 x 10(9) g of POC and 368 x 10(9) g of PN each year. Scaled up to the pan-Arctic watershed as a whole, fluvial export estimates increase to 5767 x 10(9) g and 695 x 10(9) g of POC and PN per year, respectively. POC export is substantially lower than dissolved organic carbon export by these rivers, whereas PN export is roughly equal to dissolved nitrogen export. Seasonal patterns in concentrations and source/composition indicators (C:N, delta C-13, Delta C-14, delta N-15) are broadly similar among rivers, but distinct regional differences are also evident. For example, average radiocarbon ages of POC range from similar to 2000 (Ob') to similar to 5500 (Mackenzie) years before present. Rapid changes within the Arctic system as a consequence of global warming make it challenging to establish a contemporary baseline of fluvial export, but the results presented in this paper capture variability and quantify average conditions for nearly a decade at the beginning of the 21st century.
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Date Issued: 2016-05
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000379949100002, 10.1002/2015GB005351
Format: Citation

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