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Title: When power shapes interpersonal behavior: Low relationship power predicts men's aggressive responses to low situational power..
Creator: Overall, Nickola C, Hammond, Matthew D, McNulty, James K, Finkel, Eli J
Abstract/Description: When does power in intimate relationships shape important interpersonal behaviors, such as psychological aggression? Five studies tested whether possessing low relationship power was associated with aggressive responses, but (a) only within power-relevant relationship interactions when situational power was low, and (b) only by men because masculinity (but not femininity) involves the possession and demonstration of power. In Studies 1 and 2, men lower in relationship power exhibited greater...
Show moreWhen does power in intimate relationships shape important interpersonal behaviors, such as psychological aggression? Five studies tested whether possessing low relationship power was associated with aggressive responses, but (a) only within power-relevant relationship interactions when situational power was low, and (b) only by men because masculinity (but not femininity) involves the possession and demonstration of power. In Studies 1 and 2, men lower in relationship power exhibited greater aggressive communication during couples' observed conflict discussions, but only when they experienced low situational power because they were unable to influence their partner. In Study 3, men lower in relationship power reported greater daily aggressive responses toward their partner, but only on days when they experienced low situational power because they were either (a) unable to influence their partner or (b) dependent on their partner for support. In Study 4, men who possessed lower relationship power exhibited greater aggressive responses during couples' support-relevant discussions, but only when they had low situational power because they needed high levels of support. Study 5 provided evidence for the theoretical mechanism underlying men's aggressive responses to low relationship power. Men who possessed lower relationship power felt less manly on days they faced low situational power because their partner was unwilling to change to resolve relationship problems, which in turn predicted greater aggressive behavior toward their partner. These results demonstrate that fully understanding when and why power is associated with interpersonal behavior requires differentiating between relationship and situational power. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Date Issued: 2016-08-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27442766, 10.1037/pspi0000059, PMC5069702, 27442766, 27442766, 2016-35676-001
Format: Citation

Title: Deletion of DXZ4 on the human inactive X chromosome alters higher-order genome architecture.
Creator: Darrow, Emily M, Huntley, Miriam H, Dudchenko, Olga, Stamenova, Elena K, Durand, Neva C, Sun, Zhuo, Huang, Su-Chen, Sanborn, Adrian L, Machol, Ido, Shamim, Muhammad, Seberg,...
Show moreDarrow, Emily M, Huntley, Miriam H, Dudchenko, Olga, Stamenova, Elena K, Durand, Neva C, Sun, Zhuo, Huang, Su-Chen, Sanborn, Adrian L, Machol, Ido, Shamim, Muhammad, Seberg, Andrew P, Lander, Eric S, Chadwick, Brian P, Aiden, Erez Lieberman
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Abstract/Description: During interphase, the inactive X chromosome (Xi) is largely transcriptionally silent and adopts an unusual 3D configuration known as the "Barr body." Despite the importance of X chromosome inactivation, little is known about this 3D conformation. We recently showed that in humans the Xi chromosome exhibits three structural features, two of which are not shared by other chromosomes. First, like the chromosomes of many species, Xi forms compartments. Second, Xi is partitioned into two huge...
Show moreDuring interphase, the inactive X chromosome (Xi) is largely transcriptionally silent and adopts an unusual 3D configuration known as the "Barr body." Despite the importance of X chromosome inactivation, little is known about this 3D conformation. We recently showed that in humans the Xi chromosome exhibits three structural features, two of which are not shared by other chromosomes. First, like the chromosomes of many species, Xi forms compartments. Second, Xi is partitioned into two huge intervals, called "superdomains," such that pairs of loci in the same superdomain tend to colocalize. The boundary between the superdomains lies near DXZ4, a macrosatellite repeat whose Xi allele extensively binds the protein CCCTC-binding factor. Third, Xi exhibits extremely large loops, up to 77 megabases long, called "superloops." DXZ4 lies at the anchor of several superloops. Here, we combine 3D mapping, microscopy, and genome editing to study the structure of Xi, focusing on the role of DXZ4 We show that superloops and superdomains are conserved across eutherian mammals. By analyzing ligation events involving three or more loci, we demonstrate that DXZ4 and other superloop anchors tend to colocate simultaneously. Finally, we show that deleting DXZ4 on Xi leads to the disappearance of superdomains and superloops, changes in compartmentalization patterns, and changes in the distribution of chromatin marks. Thus, DXZ4 is essential for proper Xi packaging.
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Date Issued: 2016-08-02
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27432957, 10.1073/pnas.1609643113, PMC4978254, 27432957, 27432957, 1609643113
Format: Citation

Title: Feeling Older and the Development of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia.
Creator: Stephan, Yannick, Sutin, Angelina R, Luchetti, Martina, Terracciano, Antonio
Abstract/Description: Subjective age is a biopsychosocial marker of aging associated with a range of outcomes in old age. In the domain of cognition, feeling older than one's chronological age is related to lower cognitive performance and steeper cognitive decline among older adults. The present study examines whether an older subjective age is associated with the risk of incident cognitive impairment and dementia. Participants were 5,748 individuals aged 65 years and older drawn from the Health and Retirement...
Show moreSubjective age is a biopsychosocial marker of aging associated with a range of outcomes in old age. In the domain of cognition, feeling older than one's chronological age is related to lower cognitive performance and steeper cognitive decline among older adults. The present study examines whether an older subjective age is associated with the risk of incident cognitive impairment and dementia. Participants were 5,748 individuals aged 65 years and older drawn from the Health and Retirement Study. Measures of subjective age, cognition, and covariates were obtained at baseline, and follow-up cognition was assessed over a 2- to 4-year period. Only participants without cognitive impairment were included at baseline. At follow-up, participants were classified into one of the three categories: normal functioning, cognitive impairment without dementia (CIND), and dementia. An older subjective age at baseline was associated with higher likelihood of CIND (odds ratio [OR] = 1.18; 1.09-1.28) and dementia (OR = 1.29; 1.02-1.63) at follow-up, controlling for chronological age, other demographic factors, and baseline cognition. Physical inactivity and depressive symptoms partly accounted for these associations. An older subjective age is a marker of individuals' risk of subsequent cognitive impairment and dementia.
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Date Issued: 2017-10-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27436103, 10.1093/geronb/gbw085, PMC5927095, 27436103, 27436103, gbw085
Format: Citation

Title: Heterogeneity in ADHD: Neurocognitive predictors of peer, family, and academic functioning..
Creator: Kofler, Michael J, Sarver, Dustin E, Spiegel, Jamie A, Day, Taylor N, Harmon, Sherelle L, Wells, Erica L
Abstract/Description: Childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with impairments in peer, family, and academic functioning. Although impairment is required for diagnosis, children with ADHD vary significantly in the areas in which they demonstrate clinically significant impairment. However, relatively little is known about the mechanisms and processes underlying these individual differences. The current study examined neurocognitive predictors of heterogeneity in peer, family, and...
Show moreChildhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with impairments in peer, family, and academic functioning. Although impairment is required for diagnosis, children with ADHD vary significantly in the areas in which they demonstrate clinically significant impairment. However, relatively little is known about the mechanisms and processes underlying these individual differences. The current study examined neurocognitive predictors of heterogeneity in peer, family, and academic functioning in a well-defined sample of 44 children with ADHD aged 8-13 years (M = 10.31, SD = 1.42; 31 boys, 13 girls; 81% Caucasian). Reliable change analysis indicated that 98% of the sample demonstrated objectively-defined impairment on at least one assessed outcome measure; 65% were impaired in two or all three areas of functioning. ADHD children with quantifiable deficits in academic success and family functioning performed worse on tests of working memory (d = 0.68 to 1.09), whereas children with impaired parent-reported social functioning demonstrated slower processing speed (d = 0.53). Dimensional analyses identified additional predictors of peer, family, and academic functioning. Working memory abilities were associated with individual differences in all three functional domains, processing speed predicted social functioning, and inhibitory control predicted family functioning. These results add to a growing literature implicating neurocognitive abilities not only in explaining behavioral differences between ADHD and non-ADHD groups, but also in the substantial heterogeneity in ecologically-valid functional outcomes associated with the disorder.
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Date Issued: 2017-08-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27472007, 10.1080/09297049.2016.1205010, PMC6083022, 27472007, 27472007
Format: Citation

Title: Distress intolerance as a moderator of the relationship between daily stressors and affective symptoms: Tests of incremental and prospective relationships..
Creator: Macatee, Richard J, Albanese, Brian J, Allan, Nicholas P, Schmidt, Norman B, Cougle, Jesse R
Abstract/Description: Distress intolerance (DI) is conceptualized as an individual difference reflective of the ability to tolerate aversive psychological states. Although high DI has demonstrated cross-sectional associations with multiple forms of psychopathology, few studies have tested key facets of its theoretical conceptualization. Specifically, little research has been conducted on DI's theorized role as an incrementally valid prospective moderator of the relationship between daily stressful events and...
Show moreDistress intolerance (DI) is conceptualized as an individual difference reflective of the ability to tolerate aversive psychological states. Although high DI has demonstrated cross-sectional associations with multiple forms of psychopathology, few studies have tested key facets of its theoretical conceptualization. Specifically, little research has been conducted on DI's theorized role as an incrementally valid prospective moderator of the relationship between daily stressful events and affective symptoms reflective of preoccupation with aversive internal (e.g., depression, worry) rather than external stimuli (e.g., social anxiety). A non-clinical sample (N = 147; 77% female; M age = 19.32) in which high DI individuals were oversampled was recruited. Participants completed baseline measures of DI and trait negative affect followed by six diary entries over a two-week period in which participants reported on daily stressors, negative affect, worry, depressive, and social anxiety symptoms. Hierarchical linear models revealed that DI positively predicted depressive and worry, but not social anxiety symptoms, independent of daily stressors and negative affect. Further, a significant interaction effect was found such that the positive association between daily stressor(s) occurrence and daily worry was significant at high, but not low DI, and a similar trend-level interaction effect was observed for depressive symptoms. The interaction for social anxiety symptoms was non-significant LIMITATIONS: Utilization of a non-clinical sample precludes generalization of results to clinical samples. Only self-reported DI was assessed, limiting conclusions to perceived as opposed to behaviorally-indexed DI. Results largely supported DI's theoretical conceptualization as an incrementally valid moderator of stress responding with relevance to particular affective symptoms.
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Date Issued: 2016-12-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27472414, 10.1016/j.jad.2016.07.035, PMC5334116, 27472414, 27472414, S0165-0327(16)30636-X
Format: Citation

Title: An investigation of the association of genetic susceptibility risk with somatic mutation burden in breast cancer.
Creator: Zhu, Bin, Mukherjee, Anwesha, Machiela, Mitchell J, Song, Lei, Hua, Xing, Shi, Jianxin, Garcia-Closas, Montserrat, Chanock, Stephen J, Chatterjee, Nilanjan
Abstract/Description: Genome-wide association studies have reported nearly 100 common germline susceptibility loci associated with the risk for breast cancer. Tumour sequencing studies have characterised somatic mutation profiles in breast cancer patients. The relationship between breast cancer susceptibility loci and somatic mutation patterns in breast cancer remains largely unexplored. We used single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping array data and tumour exome sequencing data available from 638 breast...
Show moreGenome-wide association studies have reported nearly 100 common germline susceptibility loci associated with the risk for breast cancer. Tumour sequencing studies have characterised somatic mutation profiles in breast cancer patients. The relationship between breast cancer susceptibility loci and somatic mutation patterns in breast cancer remains largely unexplored. We used single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping array data and tumour exome sequencing data available from 638 breast cancer patients of European ancestry from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. We analysed both genotype data and, when necessary, imputed genotypes for 90 known breast cancer susceptibility loci. We performed linear regression models to investigate possible associations between germline risk variants with total somatic mutation count (TSMC), as well as specific mutation types. We examined individual SNP genotypes, as well as a multi-SNP polygenic risk score (PRS). Models were statistically adjusted for age at diagnosis, stage, oestrogen-receptor (ER) and progesterone-receptor (PR) status of breast cancer. We also performed stratified analyses by ER and PR status. We observed a significant inverse association (P=8.75 × 10(-6); FDR=0.001) between the risk allele in rs2588809 of the gene RAD51B and TSMC across all breast cancer patients, for both ER(+) and ER(-) tumours. This association was also evident for different types of mutations. The PRS analysis for all patients, with or without rs2588809, showed a significant inverse association (P=0.01 and 0.04, respectively) with TSMC. This inverse association was significant in ER(+) patients with the ER(+)-specific PRS (P=0.02), but not among ER(-) patients for the ER(-)-specific PRS (P=0.39). We observed an inverse association between common germline risk variants and TSMC, which, if confirmed, could provide new insights into how germline variation informs our understanding of somatic mutation patterns in breast cancer.
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Date Issued: 2016-09-06
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27467053, 10.1038/bjc.2016.223, PMC5023771, 27467053, 27467053, bjc2016223
Format: Citation

Title: Prevalence and Factors Associated With Statin Use Among a Nationally Representative Sample of US Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2012..
Creator: Adedinsewo, Demilade, Taka, Nchang, Agasthi, Pradyumna, Sachdeva, Rajesh, Rust, George, Onwuanyi, Anekwe
Abstract/Description: The 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines recommend statins for adults age ≤75 years who have clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (IA) and adults age 40 to 75 years with diabetes mellitus and LDL-C 70-189 mg/dl (IA). Our aim was to estimate the prevalence and likelihood of statin use among selected statin benefit groups. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012, we examined 5319 adults age ≥20 years...
Show moreThe 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines recommend statins for adults age ≤75 years who have clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (IA) and adults age 40 to 75 years with diabetes mellitus and LDL-C 70-189 mg/dl (IA). Our aim was to estimate the prevalence and likelihood of statin use among selected statin benefit groups. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012, we examined 5319 adults age ≥20 years. We estimated weighted frequencies and prevalence of statin use for adults with diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia (or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥70 mg/dL), defined as statin benefit group 1 (SBG1); and for adults with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, defined as statin benefit group 2 (SBG2). We constructed a logistic regression model to estimate odds of statin use in SBG1. Overall, an estimated 38.6 million Americans are on a statin. In adjusted models, uninsured and Hispanic adults were less likely to be on a statin compared with white adults; 59.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 53.0-66.1) of all adults in SBG1, 58.8% (95% CI: 51.5-66.1) of adults age 40 to 75 in SBG1, and 63.5% (95% CI: 55.6-71.4) of all adults in SBG2 were on a statin. Although the prevalence of statin use has increased over time, Hispanic ethnicity and lack of insurance remain barriers to statin use. Black-white racial disparities were not significant. Our study provides a baseline estimate of statin use in the noninstitutionalized population just prior to introduction of the new guidelines and provides a reference for evaluating the impact of the new guidelines on statin utilization.
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Date Issued: 2016-09-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27505443, 10.1002/clc.22577, PMC5030167, 27505443, 27505443
Format: Citation

Title: Interplay of dysphoria and anxiety sensitivity in relation to emotion regulatory cognitions of smoking among treatment-seeking smokers.
Creator: Garey, Lorra, Bakhshaie, Jafar, Brandt, Charles P, Langdon, Kirsten J, Kauffman, Brooke Y, Schmidt, Norman B, Leventhal, Adam M, Zvolensky, Michael J
Abstract/Description: There is evidence that anxiety sensitivity (AS) plays a role in the maintenance of smoking, yet there is little understanding of how AS interplays with other affective symptomatology variables that are also related to smoking, such as dysphoria. Therefore, the current cross-sectional study evaluated the interactive effects of AS and dysphoria on emotion regulatory cognitions, including smoking negative affect reduction expectancies, perceived barriers for cessation, and smoking-specific...
Show moreThere is evidence that anxiety sensitivity (AS) plays a role in the maintenance of smoking, yet there is little understanding of how AS interplays with other affective symptomatology variables that are also related to smoking, such as dysphoria. Therefore, the current cross-sectional study evaluated the interactive effects of AS and dysphoria on emotion regulatory cognitions, including smoking negative affect reduction expectancies, perceived barriers for cessation, and smoking-specific experiential avoidance. A total of 448 adult treatment-seeking daily smokers, who responded to study advertisements, were recruited to participate in a smoking cessation treatment trial (47.8% female; Mage = 37.2, SD = 13.5). The current study utilized self-report baseline data from trial participants. After accounting for covariates, simple slope analyses revealed that AS was positively related to negative affect reduction expectancies (β = .03, p = .01), perceived barriers to cessation (β = .22, p = .002), and smoking avoidance and inflexibility (β = .07, p = .04), among smokers with lower (vs. higher) levels of dysphoria. The current findings suggest that higher levels of dysphoria may mitigate the relation between AS and emotion regulatory cognitions of smoking. The current findings highlight the unique and additive clinical relevance of AS and dysphoria regarding emotion regulatory smoking cognitions that may impede quit success. (Am J Addict 2016;25:267-274).
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Date Issued: 2016-06-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27122303, 10.1111/ajad.12379, PMC5531598, 27122303, 27122303
Format: Citation

Title: Patient Opinions About Screening for Suicide Risk in the Adult Medical Inpatient Unit.
Creator: Snyder, Deborah J, Ballard, Elizabeth D, Stanley, Ian H, Ludi, Erica, Kohn-Godbout, Julie, Pao, Maryland, Horowitz, Lisa M
Abstract/Description: As hospital clinicians and administrators consider implementing suicide risk screening on medical inpatient units, patient reactions to screening can provide essential input. This post hoc analysis examined patient opinions about screening for suicide risk in the medical setting. This analysis includes a subsample of a larger quality improvement project designed to screen medically hospitalized patients for suicide risk. Fifty-three adult medical inpatients at a clinical research hospital...
Show moreAs hospital clinicians and administrators consider implementing suicide risk screening on medical inpatient units, patient reactions to screening can provide essential input. This post hoc analysis examined patient opinions about screening for suicide risk in the medical setting. This analysis includes a subsample of a larger quality improvement project designed to screen medically hospitalized patients for suicide risk. Fifty-three adult medical inpatients at a clinical research hospital provided opinions about suicide risk screening. A qualitative analysis of responses to an opinion question about screening was conducted to identify major themes. Forty-three (81%) patients supported screening medical inpatients for suicide risk. Common themes emphasized asking patients directly about suicide, connection between mental/physical health, and the role of screening in suicide prevention. Adult medical inpatients supported screening for suicide risk on medical/surgical inpatient units. Behavioral health clinicians are uniquely poised to champion suicide detection and intervention in the general medical hospital setting. Patient opinions can be utilized to inform thoughtful implementation of universal suicide risk screening in the medical setting.
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Date Issued: 2017-07-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27072154, 10.1007/s11414-016-9498-7, PMC5199619, 27072154, 27072154, 10.1007/s11414-016-9498-7
Format: Citation

Title: Utilization of Alcohol Treatment Among HIV-Positive Women with Hazardous Drinking.
Creator: Hu, Xingdi, Harman, Jeffrey, Winterstein, Almut G, Zhong, Yue, Wheeler, Amber L, Taylor, Tonya N, Plankey, Michael, Rubtsova, Anna, Cropsey, Karen, Cohen, Mardge H, Adimora,...
Show moreHu, Xingdi, Harman, Jeffrey, Winterstein, Almut G, Zhong, Yue, Wheeler, Amber L, Taylor, Tonya N, Plankey, Michael, Rubtsova, Anna, Cropsey, Karen, Cohen, Mardge H, Adimora, Adaora A, Milam, Joel, Adedimeji, Adebola, Cook, Robert L
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Abstract/Description: Hazardous alcohol consumption has been frequently reported among women with HIV infection and is associated with a variety of negative health consequences. Treatments to reduce alcohol use may bring in health benefits. However, little is known regarding the utilization of alcohol treatment services among HIV+ women with hazardous drinking. Using data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), this study assessed utilization of any alcohol treatment in the past 6 months and performed...
Show moreHazardous alcohol consumption has been frequently reported among women with HIV infection and is associated with a variety of negative health consequences. Treatments to reduce alcohol use may bring in health benefits. However, little is known regarding the utilization of alcohol treatment services among HIV+ women with hazardous drinking. Using data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), this study assessed utilization of any alcohol treatment in the past 6 months and performed multivariable logistic regression to determine correlates of receipt of any alcohol treatment. Among 474 HIV+ women reporting recent hazardous drinking, less than one in five (19%) reported recent utilization of any alcohol treatment. Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) was the most commonly reported (12.9%), followed by inpatient detoxification (9.9%) and outpatient alcohol treatment program (7.0%). Half (51%) receiving any alcohol treatment reported utilization of multiple treatments. Multivariable analyses found alcohol treatment was more often utilized by those who had social support (odds ratio [OR]=1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.00 to 2.83), fewer economic resources (income ≤$12,000 vs. >$12,000, OR=3.10, 95% CI=1.53 to 6.27), higher levels of drinking (16-35 drinks/week vs. 12-15 drinks/week, OR=3.02, 95% CI=1.47 to 6.21; 36+ drinks/week vs. 12-15 drinks/week, OR=4.41, 95% CI=2.03 to 9.59), and those who reported any illicit drug use (OR=2.77, 95% CI=1.44 to 5.34). More efforts are needed to enhance the utilization of alcohol treatment. Our findings highlight the unique profile of those who utilized alcohol treatment. Such information is vital to improve treatment delivery to address unmet need in this particular population.
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Date Issued: 2016-05-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26961420, 10.1016/j.jsat.2016.01.011, PMC4943324, 26961420, 26961420, S0740-5472(16)00043-X
Format: Citation

Title: Maternal residential exposure to agricultural pesticides and birth defects in a 2003 to 2005 North Carolina birth cohort.
Creator: Rappazzo, Kristen M, Warren, Joshua L, Meyer, Robert E, Herring, Amy H, Sanders, Alison P, Brownstein, Naomi C, Luben, Thomas J
Abstract/Description: Birth defects are responsible for a large proportion of disability and infant mortality. Exposure to a variety of pesticides have been linked to increased risk of birth defects. We conducted a case-control study to estimate the associations between a residence-based metric of agricultural pesticide exposure and birth defects. We linked singleton live birth records for 2003 to 2005 from the North Carolina (NC) State Center for Health Statistics to data from the NC Birth Defects Monitoring...
Show moreBirth defects are responsible for a large proportion of disability and infant mortality. Exposure to a variety of pesticides have been linked to increased risk of birth defects. We conducted a case-control study to estimate the associations between a residence-based metric of agricultural pesticide exposure and birth defects. We linked singleton live birth records for 2003 to 2005 from the North Carolina (NC) State Center for Health Statistics to data from the NC Birth Defects Monitoring Program. Included women had residence at delivery inside NC and infants with gestational ages from 20 to 44 weeks (n = 304,906). Pesticide exposure was assigned using a previously constructed metric, estimating total chemical exposure (pounds of active ingredient) based on crops within 500 meters of maternal residence, specific dates of pregnancy, and chemical application dates based on the planting/harvesting dates of each crop. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals for four categories of exposure (<10(th) , 10-50(th) , 50-90(th) , and >90(th) percentiles) compared with unexposed. Models were adjusted for maternal race, age at delivery, education, marital status, and smoking status. We observed elevated ORs for congenital heart defects and certain structural defects affecting the gastrointestinal, genitourinary and musculoskeletal systems (e.g., OR [95% confidence interval] [highest exposure vs. unexposed] for tracheal esophageal fistula/esophageal atresia = 1.98 [0.69, 5.66], and OR for atrial septal defects: 1.70 [1.34, 2.14]). Our results provide some evidence of associations between residential exposure to agricultural pesticides and several birth defects phenotypes. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:240-249, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Date Issued: 2016-04-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26970546, 10.1002/bdra.23479, PMC4833532, 26970546, 26970546
Format: Citation

Title: Status of underrepresented minority and female faculty at medical schools located within Historically Black Colleges and in Puerto Rico.
Creator: Mader, Emily M, Rodríguez, José E, Campbell, Kendall M, Smilnak, Timothy, Bazemore, Andrew W, Petterson, Stephen, Morley, Christopher P
Abstract/Description: To assess the impact of medical school location in Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) and Puerto Rico (PR) on the proportion of underrepresented minorities in medicine (URMM) and women hired in faculty and leadership positions at academic medical institutions. AAMC 2013 faculty roster data for allopathic medical schools were used to compare the racial/ethnic and gender composition of faculty and chair positions at medical schools located within HBCU and PR to that of other...
Show moreTo assess the impact of medical school location in Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) and Puerto Rico (PR) on the proportion of underrepresented minorities in medicine (URMM) and women hired in faculty and leadership positions at academic medical institutions. AAMC 2013 faculty roster data for allopathic medical schools were used to compare the racial/ethnic and gender composition of faculty and chair positions at medical schools located within HBCU and PR to that of other medical schools in the United States. Data were compared using independent sample t-tests. Women were more highly represented in HBCU faculty (mean HBCU 43.5% vs. non-HBCU 36.5%, p=0.024) and chair (mean HBCU 30.1% vs. non-HBCU 15.6%, p=0.005) positions and in PR chair positions (mean PR 38.23% vs. non-PR 15.38%, p=0.016) compared with other allopathic institutions. HBCU were associated with increased African American representation in faculty (mean HBCU 59.5% vs. non-HBCU 2.6%, p=0.011) and chair (mean HBCU 73.1% vs. non-HBCU 2.2%, p≤0.001) positions. PR designation was associated with increased faculty (mean PR 75.40% vs. non-PR 3.72%, p≤0.001) and chair (mean PR 75.00% vs. non-PR 3.54%, p≤0.001) positions filled by Latinos/Hispanics. Women and African Americans are better represented in faculty and leadership positions at HBCU, and women and Latino/Hispanics at PR medical schools, than they are at allopathic peer institutions.
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Date Issued: 2016-03-09
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26968254, 10.3402/meo.v21.29535, PMC4788771, 26968254, 26968254, 29535
Format: Citation

Title: Capturing the Interpersonal Implications of Evolved Preferences? Frequency of Sex Shapes Automatic, but Not Explicit, Partner Evaluations.
Creator: Hicks, Lindsey L, McNulty, James K, Meltzer, Andrea L, Olson, Michael A
Abstract/Description: A strong predisposition to engage in sexual intercourse likely evolved in humans because sex is crucial to reproduction. Given that meeting interpersonal preferences tends to promote positive relationship evaluations, sex within a relationship should be positively associated with relationship satisfaction. Nevertheless, prior research has been inconclusive in demonstrating such a link, with longitudinal and experimental studies showing no association between sexual frequency and relationship...
Show moreA strong predisposition to engage in sexual intercourse likely evolved in humans because sex is crucial to reproduction. Given that meeting interpersonal preferences tends to promote positive relationship evaluations, sex within a relationship should be positively associated with relationship satisfaction. Nevertheless, prior research has been inconclusive in demonstrating such a link, with longitudinal and experimental studies showing no association between sexual frequency and relationship satisfaction. Crucially, though, all prior research has utilized explicit reports of satisfaction, which reflect deliberative processes that may override the more automatic implications of phylogenetically older evolved preferences. Accordingly, capturing the implications of sexual frequency for relationship evaluations may require implicit measurements that bypass deliberative reasoning. Consistent with this idea, one cross-sectional and one 3-year study of newlywed couples revealed a positive association between sexual frequency and automatic partner evaluations but not explicit satisfaction. These findings highlight the importance of automatic measurements to understanding interpersonal relationships.
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Date Issued: 2016-06-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27084851, 10.1177/0956797616638650, PMC4899232, 27084851, 27084851, 0956797616638650
Format: Citation

Title: Neurochemical Mediation of Affiliation and Aggression Associated With Pair-Bonding.
Creator: Gobrogge, Kyle L, Jia, Xixi, Liu, Yan, Wang, Zuoxin
Abstract/Description: The neuropeptides vasopressin and corticotropin-releasing factor facilitate, while serotonin inhibits, aggression. How the brain is wired to coordinate interactions between these functionally opposed neurotransmitters to control behavioral states is poorly understood. Pair-bonded male prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) were infused with a retrograde tracer, Fluoro-Gold, and tested for affiliation and aggression toward a female partner or novel female subject. Subsequent immunocytochemical...
Show moreThe neuropeptides vasopressin and corticotropin-releasing factor facilitate, while serotonin inhibits, aggression. How the brain is wired to coordinate interactions between these functionally opposed neurotransmitters to control behavioral states is poorly understood. Pair-bonded male prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) were infused with a retrograde tracer, Fluoro-Gold, and tested for affiliation and aggression toward a female partner or novel female subject. Subsequent immunocytochemical experiments examined neuronal activation using Fos and neurochemical/neuroreceptor profiles on brain areas involved in these social behaviors. Finally, a series of behavioral pharmacologic and real-time in vivo brain microdialysis experiments were performed on male prairie voles displaying affiliation or aggression. We localized a subpopulation of excitatory vasopressin neurons in the anterior hypothalamus that may gate corticotropin-releasing factor output from the amygdala to the anterior hypothalamus and then the lateral septum to modulate aggression associated with mate guarding. Conversely, we identified a subset of inhibitory serotonergic projection neurons in the dorsal raphe that project to the anterior hypothalamus and may mediate the spatiotemporal release of neuropeptides and their interactions in modulating aggression and affiliation. Together, this study establishes the medial extended amygdala as a major neural substrate regulating the switch between positive and negative affective states, wherein several neurochemicals converge and interact to coordinate divergent social behaviors.
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Date Issued: 2017-02-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27129413, 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.02.013, PMC4992658, 27129413, 27129413, S0006-3223(16)00100-1
Format: Citation

Title: Spatial and Temporal Variation in the Effects of Climatic Variables on Dugong Calf Production.
Creator: Fuentes, Mariana M P B, Delean, Steven, Grayson, Jillian, Lavender, Sally, Logan, Murray, Marsh, Helene
Abstract/Description: Knowledge of the relationships between environmental forcing and demographic parameters is important for predicting responses from climatic changes and to manage populations effectively. We explore the relationships between the proportion of sea cows (Dugong dugon) classified as calves and four climatic drivers (rainfall anomaly, Southern Oscillation El Niño Index [SOI], NINO 3.4 sea surface temperature index, and number of tropical cyclones) at a range of spatially distinct locations in...
Show moreKnowledge of the relationships between environmental forcing and demographic parameters is important for predicting responses from climatic changes and to manage populations effectively. We explore the relationships between the proportion of sea cows (Dugong dugon) classified as calves and four climatic drivers (rainfall anomaly, Southern Oscillation El Niño Index [SOI], NINO 3.4 sea surface temperature index, and number of tropical cyclones) at a range of spatially distinct locations in Queensland, Australia, a region with relatively high dugong density. Dugong and calf data were obtained from standardized aerial surveys conducted along the study region. A range of lagged versions of each of the focal climatic drivers (1 to 4 years) were included in a global model containing the proportion of calves in each population crossed with each of the lagged versions of the climatic drivers to explore relationships. The relative influence of each predictor was estimated via Gibbs variable selection. The relationships between the proportion of dependent calves and the climatic drivers varied spatially and temporally, with climatic drivers influencing calf counts at sub-regional scales. Thus we recommend that the assessment of and management response to indirect climatic threats on dugongs should also occur at sub-regional scales.
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Date Issued: 2016-06-29
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27355367, 10.1371/journal.pone.0155675, PMC4927176, 27355367, 27355367, PONE-D-15-52097
Format: Citation

Title: Two Obese Patients with Presumptive Diagnosis of Anaphylactoid Syndrome of Pregnancy Presenting at a Community Hospital.
Creator: Kradel, Brian K, Hinson, Scarlett B, Smith, Carr J
Abstract/Description: Anaphylactoid syndrome of pregnancy (ASP) is a rare but extremely serious complication, with an estimated incidence in North America of 1 in 15 200 deliveries. Despite its rarity, ASP is responsible for approximately 10% of all childbirth-associated deaths in the United States. At present, there is no validated biomarker or specific set of risk factors sufficiently predictive of ASP risk to incorporate into clinical practice. Toward the goal of developing a methodology predictive of an...
Show moreAnaphylactoid syndrome of pregnancy (ASP) is a rare but extremely serious complication, with an estimated incidence in North America of 1 in 15 200 deliveries. Despite its rarity, ASP is responsible for approximately 10% of all childbirth-associated deaths in the United States. At present, there is no validated biomarker or specific set of risk factors sufficiently predictive of ASP risk to incorporate into clinical practice. Toward the goal of developing a methodology predictive of an impending ASP event for use by obstetricians, anesthesiologists, and other practitioners participating in infant deliveries, physicians encountering an ASP event have been encouraged to report the occurrence of a case and its biologically plausible risk factors. Herein, we report on 2 patients who presented with a presumptive diagnosis of ASP to the delivery unit of a community hospital. Patient One was a 21-year-old, obese (5'11" tall, 250 lbs., BMI 34.9) white female, 1 pregnancy, no live births (G1P0), estimated gestational age (EGA) 40.2 weeks. Patient Two was a 29-year-old, obese (5'7" tall, 307 lbs., BMI 48.1) Hispanic female, second pregnancy, with 1 previous live birth via C-section (G2P1-0-0-1). Her pregnancy was at gestational age 38 weeks plus 2 days. Patient One had 2 possible risk factors: administration of Pitocin to induce labor and post-coital spotting from recent intercourse. Patient Two suffered premature rupture of the placental membranes. Both Patient One and Patient Two had very high body mass indices (BMIs), at the 97th and 99th percentiles, respectively. In the relatively few cases of anaphylactoid syndrome of pregnancy described to date, this is the first report of a possible association with high BMI.
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Date Issued: 2016-07-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27363628, PMC4933560, 27363628, 27363628, 897984
Format: Citation

Title: Semantic Structure in Vocabulary Knowledge Interacts With Lexical and Sentence Processing in Infancy.
Creator: Borovsky, Arielle, Ellis, Erica M, Evans, Julia L, Elman, Jeffrey L
Abstract/Description: Although the size of a child's vocabulary associates with language-processing skills, little is understood regarding how this relation emerges. This investigation asks whether and how the structure of vocabulary knowledge affects language processing in English-learning 24-month-old children (N = 32; 18 F, 14 M). Parental vocabulary report was used to calculate semantic density in several early-acquired semantic categories. Performance on two language-processing tasks (lexical recognition and...
Show moreAlthough the size of a child's vocabulary associates with language-processing skills, little is understood regarding how this relation emerges. This investigation asks whether and how the structure of vocabulary knowledge affects language processing in English-learning 24-month-old children (N = 32; 18 F, 14 M). Parental vocabulary report was used to calculate semantic density in several early-acquired semantic categories. Performance on two language-processing tasks (lexical recognition and sentence processing) was compared as a function of semantic density. In both tasks, real-time comprehension was facilitated for higher density items, whereas lower density items experienced more interference. The findings indicate that language-processing skills develop heterogeneously and are influenced by the semantic network surrounding a known word.
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Date Issued: 2016-11-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27302575, 10.1111/cdev.12554, PMC5159320, 27302575, 27302575
Format: Citation

Title: Cocaine-induced neurodevelopmental deficits and underlying mechanisms.
Creator: Martin, Melissa M, Graham, Devon L, McCarthy, Deirdre M, Bhide, Pradeep G, Stanwood, Gregg D
Abstract/Description: Exposure to drugs early in life has complex and long-lasting implications for brain structure and function. This review summarizes work to date on the immediate and long-term effects of prenatal exposure to cocaine. In utero cocaine exposure produces disruptions in brain monoamines, particularly dopamine, during sensitive periods of brain development, and leads to permanent changes in specific brain circuits, molecules, and behavior. Here, we integrate clinical studies and significance with...
Show moreExposure to drugs early in life has complex and long-lasting implications for brain structure and function. This review summarizes work to date on the immediate and long-term effects of prenatal exposure to cocaine. In utero cocaine exposure produces disruptions in brain monoamines, particularly dopamine, during sensitive periods of brain development, and leads to permanent changes in specific brain circuits, molecules, and behavior. Here, we integrate clinical studies and significance with mechanistic preclinical studies, to define our current knowledge base and identify gaps for future investigation. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 108:147-173, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Date Issued: 2016-06-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27345015, 10.1002/bdrc.21132, PMC5538582, 27345015, 27345015
Format: Citation

Title: Region and strain-dependent diffusivities of glucose and lactate in healthy human cartilage endplate.
Creator: Wu, Yongren, Cisewski, Sarah E, Wegner, Nicholas, Zhao, Shichang, Pellegrini, Vincent D, Slate, Elizabeth H, Yao, Hai
Abstract/Description: The cartilage endplate (CEP) is implicated as the main pathway of nutrient supply to the healthy human intervertebral disc (IVD). In this study, the diffusivities of nutrient/metabolite solutes in healthy CEP were assessed, and further correlated with tissue biochemical composition and structure. The CEPs from non-degenerated human IVD were divided into four regions: central, lateral, anterior, and posterior. The diffusivities of glucose and lactate were measured with a custom diffusion cell...
Show moreThe cartilage endplate (CEP) is implicated as the main pathway of nutrient supply to the healthy human intervertebral disc (IVD). In this study, the diffusivities of nutrient/metabolite solutes in healthy CEP were assessed, and further correlated with tissue biochemical composition and structure. The CEPs from non-degenerated human IVD were divided into four regions: central, lateral, anterior, and posterior. The diffusivities of glucose and lactate were measured with a custom diffusion cell apparatus under 0%, 10%, and 20% compressive strains. Biochemical assays were conducted to quantify the water and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) contents. The Safranin-O and Ehrlich׳s hematoxylin and eosin staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to reveal the tissue structure of the CEP. Average diffusivities of glucose and lactate in healthy CEP were 2.68±0.93×10cm/s and 4.52±1.47×10cm/s, respectively. Solute diffusivities were region-dependent (p<0.0001) with the highest values in the central region, and mechanical strains impeded solute diffusion in the CEP (p<0.0001). The solute diffusivities were significantly correlated with the tissue porosities (glucose: p<0.0001, r=0.581; lactate: p<0.0001, r=0.534). Histological and SEM studies further revealed that the collagen fibers in healthy CEP are more compacted than those in the nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) and show no clear orientation. Compared to human AF and NP, much smaller solute diffusivities in human CEP suggested that it acts as a gateway for solute diffusion through the disc, maintaining the balance of nutritional environment in healthy human disc under mechanical loading and preventing the progression of disc degeneration.
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Date Issued: 2016-09-06
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27338525, 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.06.008, PMC5056135, 27338525, 27338525, S0021-9290(16)30664-9
Format: Citation

Title: In Wrong Anticipation - Miscalibrated Beliefs between Germans, Israelis, and Palestinians.
Creator: Goerg, Sebastian J, Hennig-Schmidt, Heike, Walkowitz, Gari, Winter, Eyal
Abstract/Description: The reconcilability of actions and beliefs in inter-country relationships, either in business or politics, is of vital importance as incorrect beliefs on foreigners' behavior can have serious implications. We study a typical inter-country interaction by means of a controlled laboratory investment game experiment in Germany, Israel and Palestine involving 400 student participants in total. An investor has to take a risky decision in a foreign country that involves transferring money to an...
Show moreThe reconcilability of actions and beliefs in inter-country relationships, either in business or politics, is of vital importance as incorrect beliefs on foreigners' behavior can have serious implications. We study a typical inter-country interaction by means of a controlled laboratory investment game experiment in Germany, Israel and Palestine involving 400 student participants in total. An investor has to take a risky decision in a foreign country that involves transferring money to an investee/allocator. We found a notable constellation of calibrated and un-calibrated beliefs. Within each country, transfer standards exist, which investees correctly anticipate within their country. However, across countries these standards differ. By attributing the standard of their own environment to the other countries investees are remarkably bad in predicting foreign investors' behavior. The tendency to ignore this potential difference can be a source of misinterpreting motives in cross-country interaction. Foreigners might perceive behavior as unfavorable or favorable differentiation, even though-unknown to them-investors actually treat fellow-country people and foreigners alike.
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Date Issued: 2016-06-16
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27311066, 10.1371/journal.pone.0156998, PMC4911115, 27311066, 27311066, PONE-D-15-27349
Format: Citation

Title: Elevated Resistin Gene Expression in African American Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Negative Breast Cancer.
Creator: Vallega, Karin A, Liu, NingNing, Myers, Jennifer S, Yu, Kaixian, Sang, Qing-Xiang Amy
Abstract/Description: African American (AA) women diagnosed with breast cancer are more likely to have aggressive subtypes. Investigating differentially expressed genes between patient populations may help explain racial health disparities. Resistin, one such gene, is linked to inflammation, obesity, and breast cancer risk. Previous studies indicated that resistin expression is higher in serum and tissue of AA breast cancer patients compared to Caucasian American (CA) patients. However, resistin expression levels...
Show moreAfrican American (AA) women diagnosed with breast cancer are more likely to have aggressive subtypes. Investigating differentially expressed genes between patient populations may help explain racial health disparities. Resistin, one such gene, is linked to inflammation, obesity, and breast cancer risk. Previous studies indicated that resistin expression is higher in serum and tissue of AA breast cancer patients compared to Caucasian American (CA) patients. However, resistin expression levels have not been compared between AA and CA patients in a stage- and subtype-specific context. Breast cancer prognosis and treatments vary by subtype. This work investigates differential resistin gene expression in human breast cancer tissues of specific stages, receptor subtypes, and menopause statuses in AA and CA women. Differential gene expression analysis was performed using human breast cancer gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. We performed inter-race resistin gene expression level comparisons looking at receptor status and stage-specific data between AA and CA samples. DESeq was run to test for differentially expressed resistin values. Resistin RNA was higher in AA women overall, with highest values in receptor negative subtypes. Estrogen-, progesterone-, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2- negative groups showed statistically significant elevated resistin levels in Stage I and II AA women compared to CA women. In inter-racial comparisons, AA women had significantly higher levels of resistin regardless of menopause status. In whole population comparisons, resistin expression was higher among Stage I and III estrogen receptor negative cases. In comparisons of molecular subtypes, resistin levels were significant higher in triple negative than in luminal A breast cancer. Resistin gene expression levels were significantly higher in receptor negative subtypes, especially estrogen receptor negative cases in AA women. Resistin may serve as an early breast cancer biomarker and possible therapeutic target for AA breast cancer.
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Date Issued: 2016-06-17
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27314854, 10.1371/journal.pone.0157741, PMC4912107, 27314854, 27314854, PONE-D-16-17121
Format: Citation

Title: Marijuana use and viral suppression in persons receiving medical care for HIV-infection.
Creator: Okafor, Chukwuemeka N, Zhou, Zhi, Burrell, Larry E, Kelso, Natalie E, Whitehead, Nicole E, Harman, Jeffery S, Cook, Christa L, Cook, Robert L
Abstract/Description: Marijuana use is common among persons living with HIV (PLWH), but studies on its effect on HIV clinical outcomes are limited. We determined the association between marijuana use and HIV viral suppression among PLWH. Data came from five repeated cross-sections (2009-2013) of the Florida Medical Monitoring Project, a population-based sample of PLWH in Florida. Data were obtained via interview and medical record abstraction (MRA). Weighted logistic regression models were used to determine the...
Show moreMarijuana use is common among persons living with HIV (PLWH), but studies on its effect on HIV clinical outcomes are limited. We determined the association between marijuana use and HIV viral suppression among PLWH. Data came from five repeated cross-sections (2009-2013) of the Florida Medical Monitoring Project, a population-based sample of PLWH in Florida. Data were obtained via interview and medical record abstraction (MRA). Weighted logistic regression models were used to determine the association between marijuana use (past 12 months) and durable viral suppression (HIV-1 RNA value of ≤ 200 copies/milliliter in all measurements within the past 12 months). Of the 1,902 PLWH receiving antiretroviral therapy, completed an interview, and had a linked MRA, 20% reported marijuana use (13% less than daily and 7% daily use) and 73% achieved durable viral suppression. In multivariable analysis, marijuana use was not significantly associated with durable viral suppression in daily [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.58, 1.33] or in less than daily [AOR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.51, 1.37] users as compared to non-users when adjusting for sociodemographic factors, time since HIV diagnosis, depressive symptoms, alcohol, cigarette and other substance use. In this sample of PLWH receiving medical care in Florida, there was no statistically significant association between marijuana use and viral suppression. However, as the limits of the confidence intervals include effects that may be considered to be clinically important, there is a need for additional evidence from other samples and settings that include more marijuana users.
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Date Issued: 2017-01-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27398989, 10.1080/00952990.2016.1191505, PMC5226929, 27398989, 27398989
Format: Citation

Title: Improving Adolescent Health Risk Assessment: A Multi-method Pilot Study..
Creator: Thompson, Lindsay A, Wegman, Martin, Muller, Keith, Eddleton, Katie Z, Muszynski, Michael, Rathore, Mobeen, De Leon, Jessica, Shenkman, Elizabeth A
Abstract/Description: Objectives Given poor compliance by providers with adolescent health risk assessment (HRA) in primary care, we describe the development and feasibility of using a health information technology (HIT)-enhanced HRA to improve the frequency of HRAs in diverse clinical settings, asking adolescents' recall of quality of care as a primary outcome. Methods We conducted focus groups and surveys with key stakeholders (Phase I) , including adolescents, clinic staff and providers to design and implement...
Show moreObjectives Given poor compliance by providers with adolescent health risk assessment (HRA) in primary care, we describe the development and feasibility of using a health information technology (HIT)-enhanced HRA to improve the frequency of HRAs in diverse clinical settings, asking adolescents' recall of quality of care as a primary outcome. Methods We conducted focus groups and surveys with key stakeholders (Phase I) , including adolescents, clinic staff and providers to design and implement an intervention in a practice-based research network delivering private, comprehensive HRAs via tablet (Phase II). Providers and adolescents received geo-coded community resources according to individualized risks. Following the point-of-care implementation , we collected patient-reported outcomes using post-visit quality surveys (Phase III). Patient-reported outcomes from intervention and comparison clinics were analyzed using a mixed-model, fitted separately for each survey domain. Results Stakeholders agreed upon an HIT-enhanced HRA (Phase I). Twenty-two academic and community practices in north-central Florida then recruited 609 diverse adolescents (14-18 years) during primary care visits over 6 months; (mean patients enrolled = 28; median = 20; range 1-116; Phase II). Adolescents receiving the intervention later reported higher receipt of confidential/private care and counseling related to emotions and relationships (adjusted scores 0.42 vs 0.08 out of 1.0, p < .01; 0.85 vs 0.57, p < .001, respectively, Phase III) than those receiving usual care. Both are important quality indicators for adolescent well-child visits. Conclusions Stakeholder input was critical to the acceptability of the HIT-enhanced HRA. Patient recruitment data indicate that the intervention was feasible in a variety of clinical settings and the pilot evaluation data indicate that the intervention may improve adolescents' perceptions of high quality care.
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Date Issued: 2016-12-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27406154, 10.1007/s10995-016-2070-5, PMC5124035, 27406154, 27406154, 10.1007/s10995-016-2070-5
Format: Citation

Title: A value proposition for early physical therapist management of neck pain: a retrospective cohort analysis..
Creator: Horn, Maggie E, Brennan, Gerard P, George, Steven Z, Harman, Jeffrey S, Bishop, Mark D
Abstract/Description: Neck pain is one of the most common reasons for entry into the healthcare system. Recent increases in healthcare utilization and medical costs have not correlated with improvements in health. Therefore there is a need to identify management strategies for neck pain that are effective for the patient, cost efficient for the payer and provided at the optimal time during an episode of neck pain. One thousand five hundred thirty-one patients who underwent physical therapist management with a...
Show moreNeck pain is one of the most common reasons for entry into the healthcare system. Recent increases in healthcare utilization and medical costs have not correlated with improvements in health. Therefore there is a need to identify management strategies for neck pain that are effective for the patient, cost efficient for the payer and provided at the optimal time during an episode of neck pain. One thousand five hundred thirty-one patients who underwent physical therapist management with a primary complaint of non-specific neck pain from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2012 were identified from the Rehabilitation Outcomes Management System (ROMS) database at Intermountain Healthcare. Patients reporting duration of symptoms less than 4 weeks were designated as undergoing "early" management and patients with duration of symptoms greater than 4 weeks were designated as receiving "delayed" management. These groups were compared using binary logistic regression to examine odds of achieving Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) on the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Separate generalized linear modeling examined the effect of timing of physical therapist management on the metrics of value and efficiency. Patients who received early physical therapist management had increased odds of achieving MCID on the NDI (aOR = 2.01, 95 % CI 1.57, 2.56) and MCID on the NPRS (aOR = 1.82, 95 % CI 1.42, 2.38), when compared to patients receiving delayed management. Patients who received early management demonstrated the greatest value in decreasing disability with a 2.27 percentage point change in NDI score per 100 dollars, best value in decreasing pain with a 0.38 point change on the NPRS per 100 dollars. Finally, patients receiving early management were managed more efficiently with a 3.44 percentage point change in NDI score per visit and 0.57 point change in NPRS score per visit. These findings suggest that healthcare systems that provide pathways for patients to receive early physical therapist management of neck pain may realize improved patient outcomes, greater value and higher efficiency in decreasing disability and pain compared to delayed management. Further research is needed to confirm this assertion.
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Date Issued: 2016-07-12
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27405318, 10.1186/s12913-016-1504-5, PMC4942887, 27405318, 27405318, 10.1186/s12913-016-1504-5
Format: Citation

Title: The role of interpersonal personality traits and reassurance seeking in eating disorder symptoms and depressive symptoms among women with bulimia nervosa.
Creator: Mason, Tyler B, Lavender, Jason M, Wonderlich, Stephen A, Crosby, Ross D, Joiner, Thomas E, Mitchell, James E, Crow, Scott J, Klein, Marjorie H, Le Grange, Daniel, Bardone-Cone,...
Show moreMason, Tyler B, Lavender, Jason M, Wonderlich, Stephen A, Crosby, Ross D, Joiner, Thomas E, Mitchell, James E, Crow, Scott J, Klein, Marjorie H, Le Grange, Daniel, Bardone-Cone, Anna M, Peterson, Carol B
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Abstract/Description: The role of interpersonal factors has been proposed in various models of eating disorder (ED) psychopathology and treatment. We examined the independent and interactive contributions of two interpersonal-focused personality traits (i.e., social avoidance and insecure attachment) and reassurance seeking in relation to global ED psychopathology and depressive symptoms among women with bulimia nervosa (BN). Participants were 204 adult women with full or subclinical BN who completed a battery of...
Show moreThe role of interpersonal factors has been proposed in various models of eating disorder (ED) psychopathology and treatment. We examined the independent and interactive contributions of two interpersonal-focused personality traits (i.e., social avoidance and insecure attachment) and reassurance seeking in relation to global ED psychopathology and depressive symptoms among women with bulimia nervosa (BN). Participants were 204 adult women with full or subclinical BN who completed a battery of self-report questionnaires. Hierarchical multiple OLS regressions including main effects and interaction terms were used to analyze the data. Main effects were found for social avoidance and insecure attachment in association with global ED psychopathology and depressive symptoms. In addition, two-way interactions between social avoidance and reassurance seeking were observed for both global ED psychopathology and depressive symptoms. In general, reassurance seeking strengthened the association between social avoidance and global ED psychopathology and depressive symptoms. These results demonstrate the importance of reassurance seeking in psychopathology among women with BN who display personality features characterized by social avoidance.
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Date Issued: 2016-07-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27234198, 10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.04.013, PMC5293149, 27234198, 27234198, S0010-440X(16)30018-9
Format: Citation

Title: Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use for HIV Management in the State of Florida: Medical Monitoring Project..
Creator: Kelso-Chichetto, Natalie E, Okafor, Chukwuemeka N, Harman, Jeffrey S, Canidate, Shantrel S, Cook, Christa L, Cook, Robert L
Abstract/Description: The aims of this study were to describe complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use and to assess the relationships between CAM use and antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA viral load suppression among a sample of persons living with HIV (PLWH) engaged in care in the state of Florida. The Florida Medical Monitoring Project (n = 803) collected repeated cross-sectional data for surveillance of clinical outcomes among PLWH from 2009 to 2010. Past...
Show moreThe aims of this study were to describe complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use and to assess the relationships between CAM use and antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA viral load suppression among a sample of persons living with HIV (PLWH) engaged in care in the state of Florida. The Florida Medical Monitoring Project (n = 803) collected repeated cross-sectional data for surveillance of clinical outcomes among PLWH from 2009 to 2010. Past-year CAM use specifically for the management of HIV was measured via self-report. Logistic regression models were conducted to assess the effect of CAM use on ART adherence and viral load suppression, controlling for demographic and clinical factors using backwards stepwise deletion of factors with a p-value of >0.25. CAM use was reported in 53.3% (n = 428). In bivariate analysis, CAM use was the highest among those 40-49 years of age (61%; p < 0.05), males (56%; p < 0.01), whites (61%; p = 0.001), and those educated beyond high school (59%; p < 0.05). Among those using CAM, 63% and 37% reported one and two or more CAM modalities, respectively. CAM modalities included biologically based therapies (89%), mind-body medicine/manipulative body-based therapies (30%), spiritual healing (23%), energy therapies (6%), and whole medical systems (6%). In multivariable analyses, any CAM use and number of CAM methods used were not associated with ART adherence. Any CAM use was not associated with detectable viral load (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58-1.12; p = 0.20). Those using two or more methods had significantly decreased risk for detectable viral load (aOR 0.60; 95% CI 0.39-0.92; p < 0.02). CAM use was not associated with negative effects on ART adherence. CAM users were less likely to have detectable viral load compared with non-users. Future research should focus on CAM use among PLWH not engaged in HIV care and the longitudinal patterns of CAM use and possible effects of long-term health outcomes.
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Date Issued: 2016-11-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27631385, 10.1089/acm.2016.0190, PMC5116687, 27631385, 27631385
Format: Citation

Title: The role of ΔfosB in the medial preoptic area: Differential effects of mating and cocaine history..
Creator: McHenry, Jenna A, Robison, Christopher L, Bell, Genevieve A, Vialou, Vincent V, Bolaños-Guzmán, Carlos A, Nestler, Eric J, Hull, Elaine M
Abstract/Description: The transcription factor deltaFosB (ΔFosB) is induced in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) by repeated exposure to drugs of abuse and natural rewards. Less is known about its role in other brain areas. Here, we compared the effects of mating versus cocaine history on induction of ΔFosB in the medial preoptic area (MPOA), an integral site for reproductive behavior, and in the NAc. ΔFosB immunoreactivity (ir) was increased in the MPOA of previously naïve and experienced male rats that mated the day...
Show moreThe transcription factor deltaFosB (ΔFosB) is induced in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) by repeated exposure to drugs of abuse and natural rewards. Less is known about its role in other brain areas. Here, we compared the effects of mating versus cocaine history on induction of ΔFosB in the medial preoptic area (MPOA), an integral site for reproductive behavior, and in the NAc. ΔFosB immunoreactivity (ir) was increased in the MPOA of previously naïve and experienced male rats that mated the day before euthanasia, compared to unmated controls and experienced males with recent mating abstinence. Western immunoblots confirmed that the 35-37-kDa isoform of ΔFosB was increased more in recently mated males. Conversely, previous plus recent cocaine did not increase ΔFosB-ir in the MPOA, despite an increase in the NAc. Next, a viral vector expressing ΔFosB, its dominant negative antagonist ΔJunD, or green fluorescent protein (GFP) control, were microinjected bilaterally into the MPOA. ΔFosB overexpression impaired copulation and promoted female-directed aggression, compared to ΔJunD and control males. These data suggest that ΔFosB in the mPOA is expressed in an experience-dependent manner and affects systems that coordinate mating and aggression. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Date Issued: 2016-10-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27657309, 10.1037/bne0000160, PMC5201202, 27657309, 27657309, 2016-45747-001
Format: Citation

Title: Evidence of a prominent genetic basis for associations between psychoneurometric traits and common mental disorders.
Creator: Venables, Noah C, Hicks, Brian M, Yancey, James R, Kramer, Mark D, Nelson, Lindsay D, Strickland, Casey M, Krueger, Robert F, Iacono, William G, Patrick, Christopher J
Abstract/Description: Threat sensitivity (THT) and weak inhibitory control (or disinhibition; DIS) are trait constructs that relate to multiple types of psychopathology and can be assessed psychoneurometrically (i.e., using self-report and physiological indicators combined). However, to establish that psychoneurometric assessments of THT and DIS index biologically-based liabilities, it is important to clarify the etiologic bases of these variables and their associations with clinical problems. The current work...
Show moreThreat sensitivity (THT) and weak inhibitory control (or disinhibition; DIS) are trait constructs that relate to multiple types of psychopathology and can be assessed psychoneurometrically (i.e., using self-report and physiological indicators combined). However, to establish that psychoneurometric assessments of THT and DIS index biologically-based liabilities, it is important to clarify the etiologic bases of these variables and their associations with clinical problems. The current work addressed this important issue using data from a sample of identical and fraternal adult twins (N=454). THT was quantified using a scale measure and three physiological indicators of emotional reactivity to visual aversive stimuli. DIS was operationalized using scores on two scale measures combined with two brain indicators from cognitive processing tasks. THT and DIS operationalized in these ways both showed appreciable heritability (0.45, 0.68), and genetic variance in these traits accounted for most of their phenotypic associations with fear, distress, and substance use disorder symptoms. Our findings suggest that, as indices of basic dispositional liabilities for multiple forms of psychopathology with direct links to neurophysiology, psychoneurometric assessments of THT and DIS represent novel and important targets for biologically-oriented research on psychopathology.
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Date Issued: 2017-05-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27671504, 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.09.011, PMC5364073, 27671504, 27671504, S0167-8760(16)30704-8
Format: Citation

Title: The sequential pathway between trauma-related symptom severity and cognitive-based smoking processes through perceived stress and negative affect reduction expectancies among trauma exposed smokers.
Creator: Garey, Lorra, Cheema, Mina K, Otal, Tanveer K, Schmidt, Norman B, Neighbors, Clayton, Zvolensky, Michael J
Abstract/Description: Smoking rates are markedly higher among trauma-exposed individuals relative to non-trauma-exposed individuals. Extant work suggests that both perceived stress and negative affect reduction smoking expectancies are independent mechanisms that link trauma-related symptoms and smoking. Yet, no work has examined perceived stress and negative affect reduction smoking expectancies as potential explanatory variables for the relation between trauma-related symptom severity and smoking in a sequential...
Show moreSmoking rates are markedly higher among trauma-exposed individuals relative to non-trauma-exposed individuals. Extant work suggests that both perceived stress and negative affect reduction smoking expectancies are independent mechanisms that link trauma-related symptoms and smoking. Yet, no work has examined perceived stress and negative affect reduction smoking expectancies as potential explanatory variables for the relation between trauma-related symptom severity and smoking in a sequential pathway model. Methods The present study utilized a sample of treatment-seeking, trauma-exposed smokers (n = 363; 49.0% female) to examine perceived stress and negative affect reduction expectancies for smoking as potential sequential explanatory variables linking trauma-related symptom severity and nicotine dependence, perceived barriers to smoking cessation, and severity of withdrawal-related problems and symptoms during past quit attempts. As hypothesized, perceived stress and negative affect reduction expectancies had a significant sequential indirect effect on trauma-related symptom severity and criterion variables. Findings further elucidate the complex pathways through which trauma-related symptoms contribute to smoking behavior and cognitions, and highlight the importance of addressing perceived stress and negative affect reduction expectancies in smoking cessation programs among trauma-exposed individuals. (Am J Addict 2016;25:565-572).
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Date Issued: 2016-10-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27658236, 10.1111/ajad.12442, PMC5531681, 27658236, 27658236
Format: Citation

Title: Genetic and environmental associations between body dissatisfaction, weight preoccupation, and binge eating: Evidence for a common factor with differential loadings across symptom type..
Creator: O'Connor, Shannon M, Beam, Christopher R, Luo, Xiaochen, Cohen, L Adelyn, VanHuysse, Jessica L, Emery, Robert E, Turkheimer, Eric, Keel, Pamela K, Burt, S Alexandra, Neale,...
Show moreO'Connor, Shannon M, Beam, Christopher R, Luo, Xiaochen, Cohen, L Adelyn, VanHuysse, Jessica L, Emery, Robert E, Turkheimer, Eric, Keel, Pamela K, Burt, S Alexandra, Neale, Michael, Boker, Steven, Klump, Kelly
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Abstract/Description: Prior twin studies provide support for a single "common factor" that contributes genetic and environmental risk to a range of disordered eating symptoms. However, the common factor may be indexed less well by binge eating (BE) than other symptoms of eating disorders [i.e., body dissatisfaction (BD) and weight preoccupation (WP)]. We sought to explore the presence of a common factor and test whether loadings differed across three key symptoms (i.e., BE, BD, WP). Disordered eating was assessed...
Show morePrior twin studies provide support for a single "common factor" that contributes genetic and environmental risk to a range of disordered eating symptoms. However, the common factor may be indexed less well by binge eating (BE) than other symptoms of eating disorders [i.e., body dissatisfaction (BD) and weight preoccupation (WP)]. We sought to explore the presence of a common factor and test whether loadings differed across three key symptoms (i.e., BE, BD, WP). Disordered eating was assessed via self-report in 631 female twin pairs from the Michigan State University Twin Registry. We detected a common disordered eating factor that was influenced primarily by additive genetic and nonshared environmental influences. However, we observed different loadings on this common factor by symptom type, as factor loadings for BD and WP were stronger than that for BE. Moreover, the residual environmental and/or genetic variances (i.e., those that are independent of the common factor) were larger in BE than those of BD or WP. Although all three symptoms share a common set of genetic and environmental influences, risk for BE may involve additional genetic, biological, and environmental factors that are not shared with other symptoms of eating pathology. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:157-161).
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Date Issued: 2017-02-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27636116, 10.1002/eat.22625, PMC5291810, 27636116, 27636116
Format: Citation

Title: Anal Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions and HPV Among Young Black Men Who Have Sex with Men.
Creator: Keglovitz, Kristin, Richardson, Andrew D, Lancki, Nicola, Walsh, Tim, Schneider, John A
Abstract/Description: Limited data are available on anal squamous intraepithelial lesions (ASILs) and anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in young, Black populations. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of and relationships between ASILs and high-risk HPV infection in a young (
Show moreLimited data are available on anal squamous intraepithelial lesions (ASILs) and anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in young, Black populations. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of and relationships between ASILs and high-risk HPV infection in a young (<30 years of age), predominantly Black, men who have sex with men (MSM) population. Results of anal cytology and HPV DNA were gathered for 83 individuals. Forty-two percent of individuals (35) had atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and 33% (27) had low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion by cytology. Only 9% tested positive for both high-risk HPV subtypes 16 and 18. Low rates of infection with both HPV types 16 and 18 may provide further evidence that we should continue to vaccinate young, Black MSM against HPV.
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Date Issued: 2017-02-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27673362, 10.1089/lgbt.2016.0049, PMC5278831, 27673362, 27673362
Format: Citation

Title: Risk Factors for Substance Misuse and Adolescents' Symptoms of Depression.
Creator: Siennick, Sonja E, Widdowson, Alex O, Woessner, Mathew K, Feinberg, Mark E, Spoth, Richard L
Abstract/Description: Depressive symptoms during adolescence are positively associated with peer-related beliefs, perceptions, and experiences that are known risk factors for substance misuse. These same risk factors are targeted by many universal substance misuse prevention programs. This study examined whether a multicomponent universal substance misuse intervention for middle schoolers reduced the associations between depressive symptoms, these risk factors, and substance misuse. The study used data from a...
Show moreDepressive symptoms during adolescence are positively associated with peer-related beliefs, perceptions, and experiences that are known risk factors for substance misuse. These same risk factors are targeted by many universal substance misuse prevention programs. This study examined whether a multicomponent universal substance misuse intervention for middle schoolers reduced the associations between depressive symptoms, these risk factors, and substance misuse. The study used data from a place-randomized trial of the Promoting School-Community-University Partnerships to Enhance Resilience model for delivery of evidence-based substance misuse programs for middle schoolers. Three-level within-person regression models were applied to four waves of survey, and social network data from 636 adolescents followed from sixth through ninth grades. When adolescents in control school districts had more symptoms of depression, they believed more strongly that substance use had social benefits, perceived higher levels of substance misuse among their peers and friends, and had more friends who misused substances, although they were not more likely to use substances themselves. Many of the positive associations of depressive symptoms with peer-related risk factors were significantly weaker or not present among adolescents in intervention school districts. The Promoting School-Community-University Partnerships to Enhance Resilience interventions reduced the positive associations of adolescent symptoms of depression with peer-related risk factors for substance misuse.
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Date Issued: 2017-01-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27751712, 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.08.010, PMC5182119, 27751712, 27751712, S1054-139X(16)30254-3
Format: Citation

Title: Perceived weight discrimination mediates the prospective relation between obesity and depressive symptoms in U.S. and U.K. adults.
Creator: Robinson, Eric, Sutin, Angelina, Daly, Michael
Abstract/Description: Obesity has been shown to increase risk of depression. Persons with obesity experience discrimination because of their body weight. Across 3 studies, we tested for the first time whether experiencing (perceived) weight-based discrimination explains why obesity is prospectively associated with increases in depressive symptoms. Data from 3 studies, including the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2008/2009-2012/2013), the Health and Retirement Study (2006/2008-2010/2012), and Midlife in the...
Show moreObesity has been shown to increase risk of depression. Persons with obesity experience discrimination because of their body weight. Across 3 studies, we tested for the first time whether experiencing (perceived) weight-based discrimination explains why obesity is prospectively associated with increases in depressive symptoms. Data from 3 studies, including the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2008/2009-2012/2013), the Health and Retirement Study (2006/2008-2010/2012), and Midlife in the United States (1995/1996-2004/2005), were used to examine associations between obesity, perceived weight discrimination, and depressive symptoms among 20,286 U.S. and U.K. adults. Across all 3 studies, Class II and III obesity were reliably associated with increases in depressive symptoms from baseline to follow-up. Perceived weight-based discrimination predicted increases in depressive symptoms over time and mediated the prospective association between obesity and depressive symptoms in all 3 studies. Persons with Class II and III obesity were more likely to report experiencing weight-based discrimination, and this explained approximately 31% of the obesity-related increase in depressive symptoms on average across the 3 studies. In U.S. and U.K. samples, the prospective association between obesity (defined using body mass index) and increases in depressive symptoms in adulthood may in part be explained by perceived weight discrimination. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Date Issued: 2017-02-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27748611, 10.1037/hea0000426, PMC5267562, 27748611, 27748611, 2016-49908-001
Format: Citation

Title: Psychometric evaluation of the Barriers to Cessation Scale.
Creator: Garey, Lorra, Jardin, Charles, Kauffman, Brooke Y, Sharp, Carla, Neighbors, Clayton, Schmidt, Norman B, Zvolensky, Michael J
Abstract/Description: The Barriers to Cessation Scale (BCS; Macnee & Talsma, 1995a) was developed to assess global and specific perceived barriers that may interfere with the quit process. Although the BCS is widely used in the literature, little scientific work has been devoted to examining the psychometric properties of the measure. Thus, the present study sought to address this gap by evaluating the BCS in a sample of 497 treatment-seeking smokers. The current study examined the factor structure of the BCS,...
Show moreThe Barriers to Cessation Scale (BCS; Macnee & Talsma, 1995a) was developed to assess global and specific perceived barriers that may interfere with the quit process. Although the BCS is widely used in the literature, little scientific work has been devoted to examining the psychometric properties of the measure. Thus, the present study sought to address this gap by evaluating the BCS in a sample of 497 treatment-seeking smokers. The current study examined the factor structure of the BCS, measurement invariance of the BCS subscales across sex and over 2 time points, and evaluated construct validity. Results indicated that the BCS was best modeled by a higher order factor structure wherein the originally proposed 3-factor solution (Addiction, External, and Internal) constituted the lower order and a global factor constituted the higher order factor. The higher order BCS structure demonstrated partial measurement invariance across sex and full measurement invariance from baseline to quit day among treatment seeking smokers. Additionally, expected relations were observed between the BCS subscales and similar and divergent constructs, and predictive validity was partially supported. The current findings provide novel empirical evidence that the BCS is a reliable measure of perceived barriers to smoking cessation across multiple domains and is related to several affective and smoking processes the may interfere with the process of quitting. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Date Issued: 2017-07-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27736128, 10.1037/pas0000379, PMC5311030, 27736128, 27736128, 2016-39461-001
Format: Citation

Title: Parasite stress and pathogen avoidance relate to distinct dimensions of political ideology across 30 nations.
Creator: Tybur, Joshua M, Inbar, Yoel, Aarøe, Lene, Barclay, Pat, Barlow, Fiona Kate, de Barra, Mícheál, Becker, D Vaughn, Borovoi, Leah, Choi, Incheol, Choi, Jong An, Consedine, Nathan...
Show moreTybur, Joshua M, Inbar, Yoel, Aarøe, Lene, Barclay, Pat, Barlow, Fiona Kate, de Barra, Mícheál, Becker, D Vaughn, Borovoi, Leah, Choi, Incheol, Choi, Jong An, Consedine, Nathan S, Conway, Alan, Conway, Jane Rebecca, Conway, Paul, Adoric, Vera Cubela, Demirci, Dilara Ekin, Fernández, Ana María, Ferreira, Diogo Conque Seco, Ishii, Keiko, Jakšić, Ivana, Ji, Tingting, van Leeuwen, Florian, Lewis, David M G, Li, Norman P, McIntyre, Jason C, Mukherjee, Sumitava, Park, Justin H, Pawlowski, Boguslaw, Petersen, Michael Bang, Pizarro, David, Prodromitis, Gerasimos, Prokop, Pavol, Rantala, Markus J, Reynolds, Lisa M, Sandin, Bonifacio, Sevi, Bariş, De Smet, Delphine, Srinivasan, Narayanan, Tewari, Shruti, Wilson, Cameron, Yong, Jose C, Žeželj, Iris
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Abstract/Description: People who are more avoidant of pathogens are more politically conservative, as are nations with greater parasite stress. In the current research, we test two prominent hypotheses that have been proposed as explanations for these relationships. The first, which is an intragroup account, holds that these relationships between pathogens and politics are based on motivations to adhere to local norms, which are sometimes shaped by cultural evolution to have pathogen-neutralizing properties. The...
Show morePeople who are more avoidant of pathogens are more politically conservative, as are nations with greater parasite stress. In the current research, we test two prominent hypotheses that have been proposed as explanations for these relationships. The first, which is an intragroup account, holds that these relationships between pathogens and politics are based on motivations to adhere to local norms, which are sometimes shaped by cultural evolution to have pathogen-neutralizing properties. The second, which is an intergroup account, holds that these same relationships are based on motivations to avoid contact with outgroups, who might pose greater infectious disease threats than ingroup members. Results from a study surveying 11,501 participants across 30 nations are more consistent with the intragroup account than with the intergroup account. National parasite stress relates to traditionalism (an aspect of conservatism especially related to adherence to group norms) but not to social dominance orientation (SDO; an aspect of conservatism especially related to endorsements of intergroup barriers and negativity toward ethnic and racial outgroups). Further, individual differences in pathogen-avoidance motives (i.e., disgust sensitivity) relate more strongly to traditionalism than to SDO within the 30 nations.
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Date Issued: 2016-11-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27791090, 10.1073/pnas.1607398113, PMC5098626, 27791090, 27791090, 1607398113
Format: Citation

Title: Insomnia and suicide-related behaviors: A multi-study investigation of thwarted belongingness as a distinct explanatory factor..
Creator: Chu, Carol, Hom, Melanie A, Rogers, Megan L, Stanley, Ian H, Ringer-Moberg, Fallon B, Podlogar, Matthew C, Hirsch, Jameson K, Joiner, Thomas E
Abstract/Description: Insomnia is a robust correlate of suicidal ideation and behavior. Preliminary research has identified thwarted belongingness (c.f. social disconnection) as an explanatory link between insomnia and suicidal ideation. This study replicates and extends previous findings using both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs in four demographically diverse samples. Additionally, the specificity of thwarted belongingness was evaluated by testing anxiety as a rival mediator. Self-report measures of...
Show moreInsomnia is a robust correlate of suicidal ideation and behavior. Preliminary research has identified thwarted belongingness (c.f. social disconnection) as an explanatory link between insomnia and suicidal ideation. This study replicates and extends previous findings using both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs in four demographically diverse samples. Additionally, the specificity of thwarted belongingness was evaluated by testing anxiety as a rival mediator. Self-report measures of insomnia symptoms, thwarted belongingness, suicidal ideation and behavior, and anxiety were administered in four adult samples: 469 undergraduate students, 352 psychiatric outpatients, 858 firefighters, and 217 primary care patients. More severe insomnia was associated with more severe thwarted belongingness and suicidality. Thwarted belongingness significantly accounted for the association between insomnia and suicidality, cross-sectionally and longitudinally, beyond anxiety. Notably, findings supported the specificity of thwarted belongingness: anxiety did not significantly mediate the association between insomnia and suicidality, and insomnia did not mediate the relation between thwarted belongingness and suicidality. This study relied solely on self-report measures. Future studies incorporating objective sleep measurements are needed. Findings underscore the utility of assessing and addressing sleep disturbances and social disconnection to reduce suicide risk.
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Date Issued: 2017-01-15
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27770645, 10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.065, PMC5154904, 27770645, 27770645, S0165-0327(16)31130-2
Format: Citation

Title: Age-related changes of gene expression in the neocortex: preliminary data on RNA-Seq of the transcriptome in three functionally distinct cortical areas..
Creator: Naumova, Oksana Yu, Palejev, Dean, Vlasova, Natalia V, Lee, Maria, Rychkov, Sergei Yu, Babich, Olga N, M Vaccarino, Flora, Grigorenko, Elena L
Abstract/Description: The study of gene expression (i.e., the study of the transcriptome) in different cells and tissues allows us to understand the molecular mechanisms of their differentiation, development and functioning. In this article, we describe some studies of gene-expression profiling for the purposes of understanding developmental (age-related) changes in the brain using different technologies (e.g., DNA-Microarray) and the new and increasingly popular RNA-Seq. We focus on advancements in studies of...
Show moreThe study of gene expression (i.e., the study of the transcriptome) in different cells and tissues allows us to understand the molecular mechanisms of their differentiation, development and functioning. In this article, we describe some studies of gene-expression profiling for the purposes of understanding developmental (age-related) changes in the brain using different technologies (e.g., DNA-Microarray) and the new and increasingly popular RNA-Seq. We focus on advancements in studies of gene expression in the human brain, which have provided data on the structure and age-related variability of the transcriptome in the brain. We present data on RNA-Seq of the transcriptome in three distinct areas of the neocortex from different ages: mature and elderly individuals. We report that most age-related transcriptional changes affect cellular signaling systems, and, as a result, the transmission of nerve impulses. In general, the results demonstrate the high potential of RNA-Seq for the study of distinctive features of gene expression among cortical areas and the changes in expression through normal and atypical development of the central nervous system.
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Date Issued: 2012-11-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_23062308, 10.1017/S0954579412000818, PMC3539811, 23062308, 23062308, S0954579412000818
Format: Citation

Title: Parent-Reported Bullying and Child Weight Gain between Ages 6 and 15.
Creator: Sutin, Angelina R, Robinson, Eric, Daly, Michael, Terracciano, Antonio
Abstract/Description: Childhood bullying has long-term negative mental and physical health correlates, including weight gain and symptoms of depression. The purpose of this research is to examine whether bullying in the first year of school is associated with greater weight gain by early adolescence and whether adolescent depressive symptoms mediate this association. Data were drawn from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Children (N = 3929) were measured every 2 years; BMI and waist circumference were...
Show moreChildhood bullying has long-term negative mental and physical health correlates, including weight gain and symptoms of depression. The purpose of this research is to examine whether bullying in the first year of school is associated with greater weight gain by early adolescence and whether adolescent depressive symptoms mediate this association. Data were drawn from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Children (N = 3929) were measured every 2 years; BMI and waist circumference were available from ages 4 to 15. Parents reported on bullying at age 6. Children reported on their depressive symptoms at ages 12-13. Participants who weighed in the obese category at age 4 had an over 50% increased risk of being bullied in school at age 6. Being bullied at age 6 was associated with excess weight gain between ages 6 and 15, defined as either BMI or waist circumference. Depressive symptoms at age 12 partially explained the association between bullying and increases in adiposity. None of the associations varied by gender. Similar to other forms of peer victimization, bullying early in school is associated with greater weight gain through early adolescence; depressive symptom is one mechanism that contributes to this association.
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Date Issued: 2016-12-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27710013, 10.1089/chi.2016.0185, PMC5107668, 27710013, 27710013
Format: Citation

Title: Tensile biomechanical properties of human temporomandibular joint disc: Effects of direction, region and sex..
Creator: Wright, Gregory J, Coombs, Matthew C, Hepfer, R Glenn, Damon, Brooke J, Bacro, Thierry H, Lecholop, Michael K, Slate, Elizabeth H, Yao, Hai
Abstract/Description: Approximately 30% of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders include degenerative changes to the articular disc, with sex-specific differences in prevalence and severity. Limited tensile biomechanical properties of human TMJ discs have been reported. Stress relaxation tests were conducted on TMJ disc specimens harvested bilaterally from six males and six females (68.9±7.9 years), with step-strain increments of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30%, at 1% strain-per-second. Stress versus strain plots were...
Show moreApproximately 30% of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders include degenerative changes to the articular disc, with sex-specific differences in prevalence and severity. Limited tensile biomechanical properties of human TMJ discs have been reported. Stress relaxation tests were conducted on TMJ disc specimens harvested bilaterally from six males and six females (68.9±7.9 years), with step-strain increments of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30%, at 1% strain-per-second. Stress versus strain plots were constructed, and Young׳s Modulus, Instantaneous Modulus and Relaxed Modulus were determined. The effects of direction, region, and sex were examined. Regional effects were significant (p<0.01) for Young׳s Modulus and Instantaneous Modulus. Anteroposteriorly, the central region was significantly stiffer than medial and lateral regions. Mediolaterally, the posterior region was significantly stiffer than central and anterior regions. In the central region, anteroposteriorly directed specimens were significantly stiffer compared to mediolateral specimens (p<0.04). TMJ disc stiffness, indicated by Young׳s Modulus and Instantaneous Modulus, was higher in directions corresponding to high fiber alignment. Additionally, human TMJ discs were stiffer for females compared to males, with higher Young׳s Modulus and Instantaneous Modulus, and female TMJ discs relaxed less. However, sex effects were not statistically significant. Using second-harmonic generation microscopy, regional collagen fiber organization was identified as a potentially significant factor in determining the biomechanical properties for any combination of direction and region. These findings establish structure-function relationships between collagen fiber direction and organization with biomechanical response to tensile loading, and may provide insights into the prevalence of TMJ disorders among women.
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Date Issued: 2016-12-08
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27743627, 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.09.033, PMC5164967, 27743627, 27743627, S0021-9290(16)31040-5
Format: Citation

Title: Academic Achievement Among Juvenile Detainees.
Creator: Grigorenko, Elena L, Macomber, Donna, Hart, Lesley, Naples, Adam, Chapman, John, Geib, Catherine F, Chart, Hilary, Tan, Mei, Wolhendler, Baruch, Wagner, Richard
Abstract/Description: The literature has long pointed to heightened frequencies of learning disabilities (LD) within the population of law offenders; however, a systematic appraisal of these observations, careful estimation of these frequencies, and investigation of their correlates and causes have been lacking. Here we present data collected from all youth (1,337 unique admissions, mean age 14.81, 20.3% females) placed in detention in Connecticut (January 1, 2010-July 1, 2011). All youth completed a computerized...
Show moreThe literature has long pointed to heightened frequencies of learning disabilities (LD) within the population of law offenders; however, a systematic appraisal of these observations, careful estimation of these frequencies, and investigation of their correlates and causes have been lacking. Here we present data collected from all youth (1,337 unique admissions, mean age 14.81, 20.3% females) placed in detention in Connecticut (January 1, 2010-July 1, 2011). All youth completed a computerized educational screener designed to test a range of performance in reading (word and text levels) and mathematics. A subsample (n = 410) received the Wide Range Achievement Test, in addition to the educational screener. Quantitative (scale-based) and qualitative (grade-equivalence-based) indicators were then analyzed for both assessments. Results established the range of LD in this sample from 13% to 40%, averaging 24.9%. This work provides a systematic exploration of the type and severity of word and text reading and mathematics skill deficiencies among juvenile detainees and builds the foundation for subsequent efforts that may link these deficiencies to both more formal, structured, and variable definitions and classifications of LD, and to other types of disabilities (e.g., intellectual disability) and developmental disorders (e.g., ADHD) that need to be conducted in future research.
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Date Issued: 2015-07-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_24064502, 10.1177/0022219413500991, PMC5064284, 24064502, 24064502, 0022219413500991
Format: Citation

Title: Evaluating the dimensionality of first-grade written composition.
Creator: Kim, Young-Suk, Al Otaiba, Stephanie, Folsom, Jessica S, Greulich, Luana, Puranik, Cynthia
Abstract/Description: This study examined dimensions of written composition by using multiple evaluative approaches such as an adapted 6 + 1 trait scoring, syntactic complexity measures, and productivity measures. It further examined unique relations of oral language and literacy skills to the identified dimensions of written composition. A large sample of 1st-grade students (N = 527) was assessed on their language, reading, spelling, letter writing automaticity, and writing in the spring. Data were analyzed using...
Show moreThis study examined dimensions of written composition by using multiple evaluative approaches such as an adapted 6 + 1 trait scoring, syntactic complexity measures, and productivity measures. It further examined unique relations of oral language and literacy skills to the identified dimensions of written composition. A large sample of 1st-grade students (N = 527) was assessed on their language, reading, spelling, letter writing automaticity, and writing in the spring. Data were analyzed using a latent variable approach, including confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The seven traits in the 6 + 1 trait system were best described as two constructs: substantive quality and spelling and writing conventions. When the other evaluation procedures such as productivity and syntactic complexity indicators were included, four dimensions emerged: substantive quality, productivity, syntactic complexity, and spelling and writing conventions. Language and literacy predictors were differentially related to each dimension in written composition. These four dimensions may be a useful guideline for evaluating developing beginning writers' compositions.
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Date Issued: 2014-02-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_24687472, 10.1044/1092-4388(2013/12-0152), PMC3972623, 24687472, 24687472, 1829925
Format: Citation

Title: Evaluating the impact of feedback on elementary aged students' fluency growth in written expression: a randomized controlled trial..
Creator: Truckenmiller, Adrea J, Eckert, Tanya L, Codding, Robin S, Petscher, Yaacov
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate elementary-aged students' writing fluency growth in response to (a) instructional practices, (b) sex differences, and (c) student's initial level of writing fluency. Third-grade students (n=133) in three urban elementary schools were randomly assigned to either an individualized performance feedback condition (n=46), a practice-only condition (i.e., weekly writing practice; n=39), or an instructional control condition (n=48) for...
Show moreThe purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate elementary-aged students' writing fluency growth in response to (a) instructional practices, (b) sex differences, and (c) student's initial level of writing fluency. Third-grade students (n=133) in three urban elementary schools were randomly assigned to either an individualized performance feedback condition (n=46), a practice-only condition (i.e., weekly writing practice; n=39), or an instructional control condition (n=48) for 8weeks. Findings included support for use of performance feedback as an instructional component in general education classrooms (Hedges' g=0.66), whereas simple practice with curriculum-based measurement in written expression did not produce growth significantly greater than standard instructional practices. The hypothesis that girls write significantly more than boys was supported. However, girls and boys did not differ in their rate of growth. Finally, students' initial risk status in writing fluency did not differentially predict growth in writing fluency over the course of the study. Implications for incorporating feedback as a basic component of intervention in writing are discussed.
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Date Issued: 2014-12-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_25432270, 10.1016/j.jsp.2014.09.001, PMC5046133, 25432270, 25432270, S0022-4405(14)00069-7
Format: Citation

Title: Examining Associations Among ADHD, Homework Behavior, and Reading Comprehension: A Twin Study..
Creator: Little, Callie W, Hart, Sara A, Schatschneider, Christopher, Taylor, Jeanette
Abstract/Description: Previous literature has indicated an important association between reading comprehension and both attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and homework habits. This investigation sought to extend previous knowledge by providing information about how ADHD and homework behavior (i.e., completing homework regularly) may jointly influence reading comprehension. Using a genetically sensitive design, this study examined the genetic and environmental influences on and between ADHD, homework...
Show morePrevious literature has indicated an important association between reading comprehension and both attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and homework habits. This investigation sought to extend previous knowledge by providing information about how ADHD and homework behavior (i.e., completing homework regularly) may jointly influence reading comprehension. Using a genetically sensitive design, this study examined the genetic and environmental influences on and between ADHD, homework behavior and reading comprehension. Participants for this study included 691 twin pairs (351 monozygotic, 340 same-sex dizygotic) from the Florida Twin Project on Behavior and Environment (FTP-BE) and 2647 twin pairs (865 monozygotic, 1782 dizygotic) from the larger Florida Twin Project on Reading (FTP-R) in Grades 3 through 7. Three separate models, each representing a different definition of ADHD (full ADHD, inattention only, and hyperactivity/impulsivity only), showed similar patterns of results; therefore, results of the full ADHD model are discussed. Overlapping genetic influences were found between ADHD, homework behavior, and reading comprehension, but no shared environmental influences among all three. However, shared environmental influences overlapped between homework behavior and reading comprehension. Although the sources of this environmental overlap are unknown, these results have implications for improving homework practices and their subsequent influence on literacy skills through homework environments.
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Date Issued: 2016-07-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_25349092, 10.1177/0022219414555715, PMC4411209, 25349092, 25349092, 0022219414555715
Format: Citation

Title: Examining agreement and longitudinal stability among traditional and RTI-based definitions of reading disability using the affected-status agreement statistic.
Creator: Brown Waesche, Jessica S, Schatschneider, Christopher, Maner, Jon K, Ahmed, Yusra, Wagner, Richard K
Abstract/Description: Rates of agreement among alternative definitions of reading disability and their 1- and 2-year stabilities were examined using a new measure of agreement, the affected-status agreement statistic. Participants were 288,114 first through third grade students. Reading measures were Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills Oral Reading Fluency and Nonsense Word Fluency, and six levels of severity of poor reading were examined (25th, 20th, 15th, 10th, 5th, and 3rd percentile ranks). Four...
Show moreRates of agreement among alternative definitions of reading disability and their 1- and 2-year stabilities were examined using a new measure of agreement, the affected-status agreement statistic. Participants were 288,114 first through third grade students. Reading measures were Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills Oral Reading Fluency and Nonsense Word Fluency, and six levels of severity of poor reading were examined (25th, 20th, 15th, 10th, 5th, and 3rd percentile ranks). Four definitions were compared, including traditional unexpected low achievement and three response-to-intervention-based definitions: low achievement, low growth, and dual discrepancy. Rates of agreement were variable but only poor to moderate overall, with poorest agreement between unexpected low achievement and the other definitions. Longitudinal stability was poor, with poorest stability for the low growth definition. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
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Date Issued: 2011-05-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_21252372, 10.1177/0022219410392048, PMC3248271, 21252372, 21252372, 0022219410392048
Format: Citation

Title: Examining the Factor Structure and Structural Invariance of the PANAS Across Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults.
Creator: Allan, Nicholas P, Lonigan, Christopher J, Phillips, Beth M
Abstract/Description: It is unclear what factor structure best represents the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) from childhood to adulthood. The PANAS structure was examined in a sample of 555 children (M age = 11.66, SD = 1.24), 608 adolescents (M age = 15.45, SD = 1.09), and 553 young adults (M age = 18.75, SD = 1.00). A partially invariant model consisting of Positive Affect, Fear, and Distress factors best represented the PANAS across all age groups, indicating that the underlying constructs are...
Show moreIt is unclear what factor structure best represents the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) from childhood to adulthood. The PANAS structure was examined in a sample of 555 children (M age = 11.66, SD = 1.24), 608 adolescents (M age = 15.45, SD = 1.09), and 553 young adults (M age = 18.75, SD = 1.00). A partially invariant model consisting of Positive Affect, Fear, and Distress factors best represented the PANAS across all age groups, indicating that the underlying constructs are the same across age but that the factors become increasingly interrelated with increasing age.
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Date Issued: 2015-01-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_25975209, 10.1080/00223891.2015.1038388, PMC4609236, 25975209, 25975209
Format: Citation

Title: Factor structure and utility of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool Version.
Creator: Spiegel, Jamie A, Lonigan, Christopher J, Phillips, Beth M
Abstract/Description: Executive function (EF) is a domain general cognitive construct associated with a number of important developmental outcomes. The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool version (BRIEF-P) is intended to assess 5 distinct components of EF in preschool age children. In this study, a series of factor analyses was conducted with teacher-reported EF of 2,367 preschool students to assess the structure of the BRIEF-P, and the predictive relations between the resulting factors and...
Show moreExecutive function (EF) is a domain general cognitive construct associated with a number of important developmental outcomes. The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool version (BRIEF-P) is intended to assess 5 distinct components of EF in preschool age children. In this study, a series of factor analyses was conducted with teacher-reported EF of 2,367 preschool students to assess the structure of the BRIEF-P, and the predictive relations between the resulting factors and children's academic abilities and behavioral self-regulation were assessed to test the construct and convergent validity of the BRIEF-P scores. Results yielded mixed findings concerning the structure of the BRIEF-P and validity of its resultant scores. Results of the factor analyses indicated that the items of the BRIEF-P did not map onto factors in the way that would be expected based on its item-to-subscale mapping. The best solutions were a 4-factor and a bifactor model. The 4-factor solution revealed substantial correlations between factors, and although the bifactor solution identified a General Self-Regulation factor that explained variance in responses across items, this general factor did not account for all of the overlap among specific factors. Analyses of the relations for the factors from the correlated-factors and the bifactor models indicated that the majority of the factors had limited convergent validity with academic ability or with a measure of behavior self-regulation. Overall, these findings call into question the validity of aspects of BRIEF-P. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Date Issued: 2017-02-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27148785, 10.1037/pas0000324, PMC5097689, 27148785, 27148785, 2016-22451-001
Format: Citation

Title: Factor structure and aetiological architecture of the BRIEF: A twin study..
Creator: Little, Callie W, Taylor, Jeanette, Moltisanti, Allison, Ennis, Chelsea, Hart, Sara A, Schatschneider, Chris
Abstract/Description: Executive function is a broad construct that encompasses various processes involved in goal-directed behaviour in non-routine situations (Banich, 2009). The present study uses a sample of 560 5- to 16-year-old twin pairs (M = 11.14, SD = 2.53): 219 monozygotic twin pairs (114 female; 105 male) and 341 dizygotic twin pairs (136 female, 107 male; 98 opposite sex) to extend prior literature by providing information about the factor structure and the genetic and environmental architecture of the...
Show moreExecutive function is a broad construct that encompasses various processes involved in goal-directed behaviour in non-routine situations (Banich, 2009). The present study uses a sample of 560 5- to 16-year-old twin pairs (M = 11.14, SD = 2.53): 219 monozygotic twin pairs (114 female; 105 male) and 341 dizygotic twin pairs (136 female, 107 male; 98 opposite sex) to extend prior literature by providing information about the factor structure and the genetic and environmental architecture of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF; Gioia et al., 2000, Child Neuropsychol., 6, 235; Gioia et al., 2000, Behavior rating inventory of executive function, Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources), a multifaceted rating scale of everyday executive functions. Phenotypic results revealed a 9-scale, 3-factor model best represents the BRIEF structure within the current sample. Results of the genetically sensitive analyses indicated the presence of rater bias/contrast effects for the Initiate, Working Memory, and Task-Monitor scales. Additive genetic and non-shared environmental influences were present for the Initiate, Plan/Organize, Organization of Materials, Shift, and Monitor and Self-Monitor scales. Influences on Emotional Control were solely environmental. Interestingly, the aetiological architecture observed was similar to that of performance-based measures of executive function. This observed similarity provided additional evidence for the usefulness of the BRIEF as a measure of 'everyday' executive function.
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Date Issued: 2017-06-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_26351204, 10.1111/jnp.12084, PMC4833672, 26351204, 26351204
Format: Citation

Title: Expanding the environment: gene × school-level SES interaction on reading comprehension..
Creator: Hart, Sara A, Soden, Brooke, Johnson, Wendy, Schatschneider, Christopher, Taylor, Jeanette
Abstract/Description: Influential work has explored the role of family socioeconomic status (SES) as an environmental moderator of genetic and environmental influences on cognitive outcomes. This work has provided evidence that socioeconomic circumstances differentially impact the heritability of cognitive abilities, generally supporting the bioecological model in that genetic influences are greater at higher levels of family SES. The present work expanded consideration of the environment, using school-level SES...
Show moreInfluential work has explored the role of family socioeconomic status (SES) as an environmental moderator of genetic and environmental influences on cognitive outcomes. This work has provided evidence that socioeconomic circumstances differentially impact the heritability of cognitive abilities, generally supporting the bioecological model in that genetic influences are greater at higher levels of family SES. The present work expanded consideration of the environment, using school-level SES as a moderator of reading comprehension. The sample included 577 pairs of twins from the Florida Twin Project on Reading, Behavior and Environment. Reading comprehension was measured by the Florida Comprehensive Achievement Test (FCAT) Reading in third or fourth grade. School-level SES was measured by the mean Free and Reduced Lunch Status (FRLS) of the schoolmates of the twins. The best-fitting univariate G × E moderation model indicated greater genetic influences on reading comprehension when fewer schoolmates qualified for FRLS (i.e., 'higher' school-level SES). There was also an indication of moderation of the shared environment; there were greater shared environmental influences on reading comprehension at higher school-level SES. The results supported the bioecological model; greater genetic variance was found in school environments in which student populations experienced less poverty. In general, 'higher' school-level SES allowed genetic and probably shared environmental variance to contribute as sources of individual differences in reading comprehension outcomes. Poverty suppresses these influences.
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Date Issued: 2013-10-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_23725549, 10.1111/jcpp.12083, PMC3766464, 23725549, 23725549
Format: Citation

Title: Female mice and rats exhibit species-specific metabolic and behavioral responses to ovariectomy.
Creator: Witte, Michelina Messina, Resuehr, David, Chandler, Ashley R, Mehle, Ashlee K, Overton, J Michael
Abstract/Description: Ovariectomy (OVX) leads to hyperphagia and weight gain in rats, which can be prevented by estradiol (E2) replacement; however, the role of endogenous E2 on feeding and energy homeostasis in female mice has not been well characterized. The primary goal of this study was to assess the relative contribution of increased energy intake and decreased energy expenditure to OVX-induced weight gain in female rats and mice. OVX led to hyperphagia in rats, but did not produce daily, nor cumulative,...
Show moreOvariectomy (OVX) leads to hyperphagia and weight gain in rats, which can be prevented by estradiol (E2) replacement; however, the role of endogenous E2 on feeding and energy homeostasis in female mice has not been well characterized. The primary goal of this study was to assess the relative contribution of increased energy intake and decreased energy expenditure to OVX-induced weight gain in female rats and mice. OVX led to hyperphagia in rats, but did not produce daily, nor cumulative, hyperphagia in mice. OVX decreased mass-specific metabolic rate in mice, but not in rats. OVX decreased home cage locomotor activity in both species. Pair-feeding attenuated OVX-induced weight gain in rats and produced both short- and long-term changes in expression of key hypothalamic genes involved in food intake and energy homeostasis, i.e., the anorexigenic neuropeptide pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and the orexigenic neuropeptides: melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP). No differences in hypothalamic gene expression were observed between OVX'd and sham mice. The results suggest that OVX-induced weight gain is mediated by hyperphagia and reduced locomotor activity in rats, but that in mice, it is primarily mediated by reduced locomotor activity and metabolic rate.
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Date Issued: 2010-05-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_20067798, 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.01.006, PMC2856744, 20067798, 20067798, S0016-6480(10)00009-2
Format: Citation

Title: Exploring the Co-Development of Reading Fluency and Reading Comprehension: A Twin Study..
Creator: Little, Callie W, Hart, Sara A, Quinn, Jamie M, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M, Taylor, Jeanette, Schatschneider, Christopher
Abstract/Description: This study explores the co-development of two related but separate reading skills, reading fluency and reading comprehension, across Grades 1-4. A bivariate biometric dual change score model was applied to longitudinal data collected from 1,784 twin pairs between the ages of 6 and 10 years. Grade 1 skills were influenced by highly overlapping genetic and environmental factors. Growth in both skills was influenced by highly overlapping shared environmental factors. Cross-lagged parameters...
Show moreThis study explores the co-development of two related but separate reading skills, reading fluency and reading comprehension, across Grades 1-4. A bivariate biometric dual change score model was applied to longitudinal data collected from 1,784 twin pairs between the ages of 6 and 10 years. Grade 1 skills were influenced by highly overlapping genetic and environmental factors. Growth in both skills was influenced by highly overlapping shared environmental factors. Cross-lagged parameters indicated bidirectional effects, with stronger effects from fluency to comprehension change than from comprehension to fluency change.
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Date Issued: 2017-05-01
Identifier: FSU_pmch_27859016, 10.1111/cdev.12670, PMC5423830, 27859016, 27859016
Format: Citation

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