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(1 - 30 of 30)
- Title
- Automatic extraction of protein-protein interactions using grammatical relationship graph.
- Creator
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Yu, Kaixian, Lung, Pei-Yau, Zhao, Tingting, Zhao, Peixiang, Tseng, Yan-Yuan, Zhang, Jinfeng
- Abstract/Description
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Relationships between bio-entities (genes, proteins, diseases, etc.) constitute a significant part of our knowledge. Most of this information is documented as unstructured text in different forms, such as books, articles and on-line pages. Automatic extraction of such information and storing it in structured form could help researchers more easily access such information and also make it possible to incorporate it in advanced integrative analysis. In this study, we developed a novel approach...
Show moreRelationships between bio-entities (genes, proteins, diseases, etc.) constitute a significant part of our knowledge. Most of this information is documented as unstructured text in different forms, such as books, articles and on-line pages. Automatic extraction of such information and storing it in structured form could help researchers more easily access such information and also make it possible to incorporate it in advanced integrative analysis. In this study, we developed a novel approach to extract bio-entity relationships information using Nature Language Processing (NLP) and a graph-theoretic algorithm. Our method, called GRGT (Grammatical Relationship Graph for Triplets), not only extracts the pairs of terms that have certain relationships, but also extracts the type of relationship (the word describing the relationships). In addition, the directionality of the relationship can also be extracted. Our method is based on the assumption that a triplet exists for a pair of interactions. A triplet is defined as two terms (entities) and an interaction word describing the relationship of the two terms in a sentence. We first use a sentence parsing tool to obtain the sentence structure represented as a dependency graph where words are nodes and edges are typed dependencies. The shortest paths among the pairs of words in the triplet are then extracted, which form the basis for our information extraction method. Flexible pattern matching scheme was then used to match a triplet graph with unknown relationship to those triplet graphs with labels (True or False) in the database. We applied the method on three benchmark datasets to extract the protein-protein-interactions (PPIs), and obtained better precision than the top performing methods in literature. We have developed a method to extract the protein-protein interactions from biomedical literature. PPIs extracted by our method have higher precision among other methods, suggesting that our method can be used to effectively extract PPIs and deposit them into databases. Beyond extracting PPIs, our method could be easily extended to extracting relationship information between other bio-entities.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018-07-23
- Identifier
- FSU_pmch_30066644, 10.1186/s12911-018-0628-4, PMC6069288, 30066644, 30066644, 10.1186/s12911-018-0628-4
- Format
- Citation
- Title
- Bayesian Updating of Track-Forecast Uncertainty for Tropical Cyclones.
- Creator
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Kang, Nam-Young, Lim, Myeong-Soon, Elsner, James B., Shin, Dong-Hyun
- Abstract/Description
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The accuracy of track forecasts for tropical cyclones (TCs) is well studied, but less attention has been paid to the representation of track-forecast uncertainty. Here, Bayesian updating is employed on the radius of the 70% probability circle using 72-h operational forecasts with comparisons made to the classical approach based on the empirical cumulative density (ECD). Despite an intuitive and efficient way of treating track errors, the ECD approach is statistically less informative than...
Show moreThe accuracy of track forecasts for tropical cyclones (TCs) is well studied, but less attention has been paid to the representation of track-forecast uncertainty. Here, Bayesian updating is employed on the radius of the 70% probability circle using 72-h operational forecasts with comparisons made to the classical approach based on the empirical cumulative density (ECD). Despite an intuitive and efficient way of treating track errors, the ECD approach is statistically less informative than Bayesian updating. Built on a solid statistical foundation, Bayesian updating is shown to be a useful technique that can serve as a substitute for the classical approach in representing operational TC track-forecast uncertainty.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016-04
- Identifier
- FSU_libsubv1_wos_000376216300016, 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0140.1
- Format
- Citation
- Title
- Climate Mechanism for Stronger Typhoons in a Warmer World.
- Creator
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Kang, Nam-Young, Elsner, James B.
- Abstract/Description
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Violent typhoons continue to have catastrophic impacts on economies and welfare, but how they are responding to global warming has yet to be fully understood. Here, an empirical framework is used to explain physically why observations support a tight connection between increasing ocean warmth and the increasing intensity of supertyphoons in the western North Pacific. It is shown that the energy needed for deep convection is on the rise with greater heat and moisture in the lower tropical...
Show moreViolent typhoons continue to have catastrophic impacts on economies and welfare, but how they are responding to global warming has yet to be fully understood. Here, an empirical framework is used to explain physically why observations support a tight connection between increasing ocean warmth and the increasing intensity of supertyphoons in the western North Pacific. It is shown that the energy needed for deep convection is on the rise with greater heat and moisture in the lower tropical troposphere but that this energy remains untapped when air pressure is high. Accordingly, tropical cyclone formation is becoming less common, but those that do form are likely to reach extreme intensities from the discharge of stored energy. These thermodynamic changes to the environment most significantly influence the upper portion of extreme typhoon intensities, indicating that supertyphoons are likely to be stronger at the expense of overall tropical cyclone occurrences in the western North Pacific.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016-02
- Identifier
- FSU_libsubv1_wos_000369285500001, 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0585.1
- Format
- Citation
- Title
- Clouds and temperature drive dynamic changes in tropical flower production.
- Creator
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Pau, Stephanie, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, Cook, Benjamin, Nytch, Christopher J., Regetz, James, Zimmerman, Jess, Wright, S.
- Abstract/Description
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Tropical forests are incredibly dynamic, showing rapid and longer-term changes in growth, mortality and net primary productivity. Tropical species may be highly sensitive to temperature increases associated with climate change because of their narrow thermal tolerances. However, at the ecosystem scale the competing effects of temperature, light and precipitation on tropical forest productivity have been difficult to assess. Here we quantify cloudiness over the past several decades to...
Show moreTropical forests are incredibly dynamic, showing rapid and longer-term changes in growth, mortality and net primary productivity. Tropical species may be highly sensitive to temperature increases associated with climate change because of their narrow thermal tolerances. However, at the ecosystem scale the competing effects of temperature, light and precipitation on tropical forest productivity have been difficult to assess. Here we quantify cloudiness over the past several decades to investigate how clouds, together with temperature and precipitation, affect flower production in two contrasting tropical forests. Our results show that temperature, rather than clouds, is critically important to tropical forest flower production. Warmer temperatures increased flower production over seasonal, interannual and longer timescales, contrary to recent evidence that some tropical forests are already near their temperature threshold. Clouds were primarily important seasonally, and limited production in a seasonally dry forest but enhanced production in an ever-wet forest. A long-term increase in flower production at the seasonally dry forest is not driven by clouds and instead may be tied to increasing temperatures. These relationships show that tropical forest productivity, which is not widely thought to be controlled by temperature, is indeed sensitive to small temperature changes (1–4°C) across multiple timescales.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2013
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_geo_faculty_publications-0001, 10.1038/nclimate1934
- Format
- Set of related objects
- Title
- The Combined Risk Of Extreme Tropical Cyclone Winds And Storm Surges Along The Us Gulf Of Mexico Coast.
- Creator
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Trepanier, J. C., Yuan, J., Jagger, T. H.
- Abstract/Description
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Tropical cyclones, with their nearshore high wind speeds and deep storm surges, frequently strike the United States Gulf of Mexico coastline influencing millions of people and disrupting offshore economic activities. The combined risk of occurrence of tropical cyclone nearshore wind speeds and storm surges is assessed at 22 coastal cities throughout the United States Gulf of Mexico. The models used are extreme value copulas fitted with margins defined by the generalized Pareto distribution or...
Show moreTropical cyclones, with their nearshore high wind speeds and deep storm surges, frequently strike the United States Gulf of Mexico coastline influencing millions of people and disrupting offshore economic activities. The combined risk of occurrence of tropical cyclone nearshore wind speeds and storm surges is assessed at 22 coastal cities throughout the United States Gulf of Mexico. The models used are extreme value copulas fitted with margins defined by the generalized Pareto distribution or combinations of Weibull, gamma, lognormal, or normal distributions. The statistical relationships between the nearshore wind speed and storm surge are provided for each coastal city prior to the copula model runs using Spearman's rank correlations. The strongest significant relationship between the nearshore wind speed and storm surge exists at Shell Beach, LA ( = 0.67), followed by South Padre Island, TX ( = 0.64). The extreme value Archimedean copula models for each city then provide return periods for specific nearshore wind speed and storm surge pairs. Of the 22 cities considered, Bay St. Louis, MS, has the shortest return period for a tropical cyclone with at least a 50ms(-1) nearshore wind speed and a 3m surge (19.5years, 17.1-23.5). The 90% confidence intervals are created by recalculating the return periods for a fixed set of wind speeds and surge levels using 100 samples of the model parameters. The results of this study can be utilized by policy managers and government officials concerned with coastal populations and economic activity in the Gulf of Mexico. Synopsis Using a branch of extreme statistics, the combined risk of tropical cyclone wind speeds and storm surges is estimated at 22 cities along the U.S. Gulf of Mexico coastline in Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida. The city with the shortest return time for a Category 3 hurricane (50ms(-1)) with a 3m surge is Bay St. Louis, Mississippi. This city can expect a storm of this magnitude every 19years, on average. Shell Beach, Louisiana, has the second highest return frequency for this type of event (about 28years). This information can be used by emergency managers and policy makers to better allocate resources for protective measures against tropical cyclones along the coast.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2017-03-27
- Identifier
- FSU_libsubv1_wos_000399655200008, 10.1002/2016JD026180
- Format
- Citation
- Title
- Daily Tornado Frequency Distributions in the United States.
- Creator
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Elsner, James, Widen, Holly, Chavas, Daniel, Jagger, Thomas
- Abstract/Description
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The authors examine daily tornado counts in the United States over the period 1994–2012 and find strong evidence for a power-law relationship in the distribution frequency. The scaling exponent is estimated at 1.64 (0.019 s.e.) giving a per tornado-day probability of 0.014% (return period of 71 years) that a tornado day produces 145 tornadoes as was observed on 27 April 2011. They also find that the total number of tornadoes by damage category on days with at least one violent tornado follows...
Show moreThe authors examine daily tornado counts in the United States over the period 1994–2012 and find strong evidence for a power-law relationship in the distribution frequency. The scaling exponent is estimated at 1.64 (0.019 s.e.) giving a per tornado-day probability of 0.014% (return period of 71 years) that a tornado day produces 145 tornadoes as was observed on 27 April 2011. They also find that the total number of tornadoes by damage category on days with at least one violent tornado follows an exponential rule. On average, the daily number of tornadoes in the next lowest damage category is approximately twice the number in the current category. These findings are important and timely for tornado hazard models and for seasonal and sub-seasonal forecasts of tornado activity.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2014-02-27
- Identifier
- FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1475085241, 10.1088/1748-9326/9/2/024018
- Format
- Citation
- Title
- Exploring Zoning Scenario Impacts Upon Urban Growth Simulations Using A Dynamic Spatial Model.
- Creator
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Yin, Haiwei, Kong, Fanhua, Yang, Xiaojun, James, Philip, Dronova, Iryna
- Abstract/Description
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Dynamic spatial models are being increasingly used to explore urban changes and evaluate the social and environmental consequences of urban growth. However, inadequate representation of spatial complexity, regional differentiation, and growth management policies can result in urban models with a high overall prediction accuracy but low pixel-matching precision. Correspondingly, improving urban growth prediction accuracy and reliability has become an important area of research in geographic...
Show moreDynamic spatial models are being increasingly used to explore urban changes and evaluate the social and environmental consequences of urban growth. However, inadequate representation of spatial complexity, regional differentiation, and growth management policies can result in urban models with a high overall prediction accuracy but low pixel-matching precision. Correspondingly, improving urban growth prediction accuracy and reliability has become an important area of research in geographic information science and applied urban studies. This work focuses on exploring the potential impacts of zoning on urban growth simulations. Although the coding of land-use types into distinct zones is an important growth management strategy, it has not been adequately addressed in urban modeling practices. In this study, we developed a number of zoning schemes and examined their impacts on urban growth predictions using a cellular automaton-based dynamic spatial model. Using the city of Jinan, a fast-growing large metropolis in China, as the study site, five zoning scenarios were designed: no zoning (SO), zoning based on land-use type (S1), zoning based on urbanized suitability (S2), zoning based on administrative division (S3), and zoning based on development planning subdivision (S4). Under these scenarios, growth was simulated and the respective prediction accuracies and projected patterns were evaluated against observed urban patterns derived from remote sensing. It was found that zoning can affect prediction accuracy and projected urbanized patterns, with the zoning scenarios taking spatial differentiation of planning policies into account (i.e., S2-4) generating better predictions of newly urbanized pixels, better representing urban clustered development, and boosting the level of spatial matching relative to zoning by land-use type (S1). The novelty of this work lies in its design of specific zoning scenarios based on spatial differentiation and growth management policies and in its insight into the impacts of various zoning scenarios on urban growth simulation. These findings indicate opportunities for the more accurate projection of urban pattern growth through the use of dynamic models with appropriately designed zoning scenarios.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018-11-01
- Identifier
- FSU_libsubv1_wos_000444932500019, 10.1016/j.cities.2018.04.010
- Format
- Citation
- Title
- Fisheries regulatory regimes and resilience to climate change.
- Creator
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Ojea, Elena, Pearlman, Isaac, Gaines, Steven D, Lester, Sarah E
- Abstract/Description
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Climate change is already producing ecological, social, and economic impacts on fisheries, and these effects are expected to increase in frequency and magnitude in the future. Fisheries governance and regulations can alter socio-ecological resilience to climate change impacts via harvest control rules and incentives driving fisher behavior, yet there are no syntheses or conceptual frameworks for examining how institutions and their regulatory approaches can alter fisheries resilience to...
Show moreClimate change is already producing ecological, social, and economic impacts on fisheries, and these effects are expected to increase in frequency and magnitude in the future. Fisheries governance and regulations can alter socio-ecological resilience to climate change impacts via harvest control rules and incentives driving fisher behavior, yet there are no syntheses or conceptual frameworks for examining how institutions and their regulatory approaches can alter fisheries resilience to climate change. We identify nine key climate resilience criteria for fisheries socio-ecological systems (SES), defining resilience as the ability of the coupled system of interacting social and ecological components (i.e., the SES) to absorb change while avoiding transformation into a different undesirable state. We then evaluate the capacity of four fisheries regulatory systems that vary in their degree of property rights, including open access, limited entry, and two types of rights-based management, to increase or inhibit resilience. Our exploratory assessment of evidence in the literature suggests that these regulatory regimes vary widely in their ability to promote resilient fisheries, with rights-based approaches appearing to offer more resilience benefits in many cases, but detailed characteristics of the regulatory instruments are fundamental.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2017-05-01
- Identifier
- FSU_pmch_27854068, 10.1007/s13280-016-0850-1, PMC5385667, 27854068, 27854068, 10.1007/s13280-016-0850-1
- Format
- Citation
- Title
- Functional diversity of catch mitigates negative effects of temperature variability on fisheries yields.
- Creator
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Dee, Laura E, Miller, Steve J, Peavey, Lindsey E, Bradley, Darcy, Gentry, Rebecca R, Startz, Richard, Gaines, Steven D, Lester, Sarah E
- Abstract/Description
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Temperature variation within a year can impact biological processes driving population abundances. The implications for the ecosystem services these populations provide, including food production from marine fisheries, are poorly understood. Whether and how temperature variability impacts fishery yields may depend on the number of harvested species and differences in their responses to varying temperatures. Drawing from previous theoretical and empirical studies, we predict that greater...
Show moreTemperature variation within a year can impact biological processes driving population abundances. The implications for the ecosystem services these populations provide, including food production from marine fisheries, are poorly understood. Whether and how temperature variability impacts fishery yields may depend on the number of harvested species and differences in their responses to varying temperatures. Drawing from previous theoretical and empirical studies, we predict that greater temperature variability within years will reduce yields, but harvesting a larger number of species, especially a more functionally diverse set, will decrease this impact. Using a global marine fisheries dataset, we find that within-year temperature variability reduces yields, but current levels of functional diversity (FD) of targeted species, measured using traits related to species' responses to temperature, largely offset this effect. Globally, high FD of catch could avoid annual losses in yield of 6.8% relative to projections if FD were degraded to the lowest level observed in the data. By contrast, species richness in the catch and in the ecosystem did not provide a similar mitigating effect. This work provides novel empirical evidence that short-term temperature variability can negatively impact the provisioning of ecosystem services, but that FD can buffer these negative impacts.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016-08-17
- Identifier
- FSU_pmch_27534960, 10.1098/rspb.2016.1435, PMC5013776, 27534960, 27534960, rspb.2016.1435
- Format
- Citation
- Title
- Influence Of Global Warming On Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Intensities During 2015.
- Creator
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Yang, Se-Hwan, Kang, Nam-Young, Elsner, James B., Chun, Youngsin
- Abstract/Description
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The climate of 2015 was characterized by a strong El Nino, global warmth, and record-setting tropical cyclone (TC) intensity for western North Pacific typhoons. In this study, the highest TC intensity in 32 years (1984-2015) is shown to be a consequence of above normal TC activity-following natural internal variation-and greater efficiency of intensity. The efficiency of intensity (EINT) is termed the ''blasting'' effect and refers to typhoon intensification at the expense of occurrence....
Show moreThe climate of 2015 was characterized by a strong El Nino, global warmth, and record-setting tropical cyclone (TC) intensity for western North Pacific typhoons. In this study, the highest TC intensity in 32 years (1984-2015) is shown to be a consequence of above normal TC activity-following natural internal variation-and greater efficiency of intensity. The efficiency of intensity (EINT) is termed the ''blasting'' effect and refers to typhoon intensification at the expense of occurrence. Statistical models show that the EINT is mostly due to the anomalous warmth in the environment indicated by global mean sea surface temperature. In comparison, the EINT due to El Nino is negligible. This implies that the record-setting intensity of 2015 might not have occurred without environmental warming and suggests that a year with even greater TC intensity is possible in the near future when above normal activity coincides with another record EINT due to continued multidecadal warming.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018-01
- Identifier
- FSU_libsubv1_wos_000425164800025, 10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0143.1
- Format
- Citation
- Title
- Isotope niche dimension and trophic overlap between bigheaded carps and native filter-feeding fish in the lower Missouri River, USA.
- Creator
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Wang, Jianzhu, Chapman, Duane, Xu, Jun, Wang, Yang, Gu, Binhe
- Abstract/Description
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Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values (δ13C and δ15N) were used to evaluate trophic niche overlap between two filter-feeding fishes (known together as bigheaded carp) native to China, silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis), and three native filter-feeding fish including bigmouth buffalo (Ictiobus cyprinellus), gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) and paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) in the lower Missouri River, USA, using the Bayesian Stable...
Show moreStable carbon and nitrogen isotope values (δ13C and δ15N) were used to evaluate trophic niche overlap between two filter-feeding fishes (known together as bigheaded carp) native to China, silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis), and three native filter-feeding fish including bigmouth buffalo (Ictiobus cyprinellus), gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) and paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) in the lower Missouri River, USA, using the Bayesian Stable Isotope in R statistics. Results indicate that except for bigmouth buffalo, all species displayed similar trophic niche size and trophic diversity. Bigmouth buffalo occupied a small trophic niche and had the greatest trophic overlap with silver carp (93.6%) and bighead carp (94.1%) followed by gizzard shad (91.0%). Paddlefish had a trophic niche which relied on some resources different from those used by other species, and therefore had the lowest trophic overlap with bigheaded carp and other two native fish. The trophic overlap by bigheaded carp onto native fish was typically stronger than the reverse effects from native fish. Average niche overlap between silver carp and native species was as high as 71%, greater than niche overlap between bighead carp and native fish (64%). Our findings indicate that bigheaded carps are a potential threat to a diverse and stable native fish community.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018-05-21
- Identifier
- FSU_pmch_29782547, 10.1371/journal.pone.0197584, PMC5962084, 29782547, 29782547, PONE-D-17-44424
- Format
- Citation
- Title
- Marine Spatial Planning Makes Room For Offshore Aquaculture In Crowded Coastal Waters.
- Creator
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Lester, S. E., Stevens, J. M., Gentry, R. R., Kappel, C. V., Bell, T. W., Costello, C. J., Gaines, S. D., Kiefer, D. A., Maue, C. C., Rensel, J. E., Simons, R. D., Washburn, L.,...
Show moreLester, S. E., Stevens, J. M., Gentry, R. R., Kappel, C. V., Bell, T. W., Costello, C. J., Gaines, S. D., Kiefer, D. A., Maue, C. C., Rensel, J. E., Simons, R. D., Washburn, L., White, C.
Show less - Abstract/Description
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Marine spatial planning (MSP) seeks to reduce conflicts and environmental impacts, and promote sustainable use of marine ecosystems. Existing MSP approaches have successfully determined how to achieve target levels of ocean area for particular uses while minimizing costs and impacts, but they do not provide a framework that derives analytical solutions in order to co-ordinate siting of multiple uses while balancing the effects of planning on each sector in the system. We develop such a...
Show moreMarine spatial planning (MSP) seeks to reduce conflicts and environmental impacts, and promote sustainable use of marine ecosystems. Existing MSP approaches have successfully determined how to achieve target levels of ocean area for particular uses while minimizing costs and impacts, but they do not provide a framework that derives analytical solutions in order to co-ordinate siting of multiple uses while balancing the effects of planning on each sector in the system. We develop such a framework for guiding offshore aquaculture (bivalve, finfish, and kelp farming) development in relation to existing sectors and environmental concerns (wild-capture fisheries, viewshed quality, benthic pollution, and disease spread) in California, USA. We identify > 250,000 MSP solutions that generate significant seafood supply and billions of dollars in revenue with minimal impacts (often <1%) on existing sectors and the environment. We filter solutions to identify candidate locations for high-value, low-impact aquaculture development. Finally, we confirm the expectation of substantial value of our framework over conventional planning focused on maximizing individual objectives.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018-03-05
- Identifier
- FSU_libsubv1_wos_000426543800012, 10.1038/s41467-018-03249-1
- Format
- Citation
- Title
- Marine spatial planning makes room for offshore aquaculture in crowded coastal waters.
- Creator
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Lester, S E, Stevens, J M, Gentry, R R, Kappel, C V, Bell, T W, Costello, C J, Gaines, S D, Kiefer, D A, Maue, C C, Rensel, J E, Simons, R D, Washburn, L, White, C
- Abstract/Description
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Marine spatial planning (MSP) seeks to reduce conflicts and environmental impacts, and promote sustainable use of marine ecosystems. Existing MSP approaches have successfully determined how to achieve target levels of ocean area for particular uses while minimizing costs and impacts, but they do not provide a framework that derives analytical solutions in order to co-ordinate siting of multiple uses while balancing the effects of planning on each sector in the system. We develop such a...
Show moreMarine spatial planning (MSP) seeks to reduce conflicts and environmental impacts, and promote sustainable use of marine ecosystems. Existing MSP approaches have successfully determined how to achieve target levels of ocean area for particular uses while minimizing costs and impacts, but they do not provide a framework that derives analytical solutions in order to co-ordinate siting of multiple uses while balancing the effects of planning on each sector in the system. We develop such a framework for guiding offshore aquaculture (bivalve, finfish, and kelp farming) development in relation to existing sectors and environmental concerns (wild-capture fisheries, viewshed quality, benthic pollution, and disease spread) in California, USA. We identify > 250,000 MSP solutions that generate significant seafood supply and billions of dollars in revenue with minimal impacts (often < 1%) on existing sectors and the environment. We filter solutions to identify candidate locations for high-value, low-impact aquaculture development. Finally, we confirm the expectation of substantial value of our framework over conventional planning focused on maximizing individual objectives.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018-03-05
- Identifier
- FSU_pmch_29507321, 10.1038/s41467-018-03249-1, PMC5838171, 29507321, 29507321, 10.1038/s41467-018-03249-1
- Format
- Citation
- Title
- Offshore Aquaculture In The United States: Untapped Potential In Need Of Smart Policy.
- Creator
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Lester, Sarah E., Gentry, Rebecca R., Kappel, Carrie V., White, Crow, Gaines, Steven D.
- Date Issued
- 2018-07-10
- Identifier
- FSU_libsubv1_wos_000438050900038, 10.1073/pnas.1808737115
- Format
- Citation
- Title
- Offshore aquaculture: Spatial planning principles for sustainable development..
- Creator
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Gentry, Rebecca R, Lester, Sarah E, Kappel, Carrie V, White, Crow, Bell, Tom W, Stevens, Joel, Gaines, Steven D
- Abstract/Description
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Marine aquaculture is expanding into deeper offshore environments in response to growing consumer demand for seafood, improved technology, and limited potential to increase wild fisheries catches. Sustainable development of aquaculture will require quantification and minimization of its impacts on other ocean-based activities and the environment through scientifically informed spatial planning. However, the scientific literature currently provides limited direct guidance for such planning....
Show moreMarine aquaculture is expanding into deeper offshore environments in response to growing consumer demand for seafood, improved technology, and limited potential to increase wild fisheries catches. Sustainable development of aquaculture will require quantification and minimization of its impacts on other ocean-based activities and the environment through scientifically informed spatial planning. However, the scientific literature currently provides limited direct guidance for such planning. Here, we employ an ecological lens and synthesize a broad multidisciplinary literature to provide insight into the interactions between offshore aquaculture and the surrounding environment across a spectrum of spatial scales. While important information gaps remain, we find that there is sufficient research for informed decisions about the effects of aquaculture siting to achieve a sustainable offshore aquaculture industry that complements other uses of the marine environment.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016-12-24
- Identifier
- FSU_pmch_28116067, 10.1002/ece3.2637, PMC5243789, 28116067, 28116067, ECE32637
- Format
- Citation
- Title
- Opinion: Offshore aquaculture in the United States.
- Creator
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Lester, Sarah E, Gentry, Rebecca R, Kappel, Carrie V, White, Crow, Gaines, Steven D
- Date Issued
- 2018-07-10
- Identifier
- FSU_pmch_29991573, 10.1073/pnas.1808737115, PMC6048495, 29991573, 29991573, 1808737115
- Format
- Citation
- Title
- Opportunities and Challenges for Personal Heat Exposure Research.
- Creator
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Kuras, Evan R, Richardson, Molly B, Calkins, Miriam M, Ebi, Kristie L, Hess, Jeremy J, Kintziger, Kristina W, Jagger, Meredith A, Middel, Ariane, Scott, Anna A, Spector, June T,...
Show moreKuras, Evan R, Richardson, Molly B, Calkins, Miriam M, Ebi, Kristie L, Hess, Jeremy J, Kintziger, Kristina W, Jagger, Meredith A, Middel, Ariane, Scott, Anna A, Spector, June T, Uejio, Christopher K, Vanos, Jennifer K, Zaitchik, Benjamin F, Gohlke, Julia M, Hondula, David M
Show less - Abstract/Description
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Environmental heat exposure is a public health concern. The impacts of environmental heat on mortality and morbidity at the population scale are well documented, but little is known about specific exposures that individuals experience. The first objective of this work was to catalyze discussion of the role of personal heat exposure information in research and risk assessment. The second objective was to provide guidance regarding the operationalization of personal heat exposure research...
Show moreEnvironmental heat exposure is a public health concern. The impacts of environmental heat on mortality and morbidity at the population scale are well documented, but little is known about specific exposures that individuals experience. The first objective of this work was to catalyze discussion of the role of personal heat exposure information in research and risk assessment. The second objective was to provide guidance regarding the operationalization of personal heat exposure research methods. We define personal heat exposure as realized contact between a person and an indoor or outdoor environment that poses a risk of increases in body core temperature and/or perceived discomfort. Personal heat exposure can be measured directly with wearable monitors or estimated indirectly through the combination of time-activity and meteorological data sets. Complementary information to understand individual-scale drivers of behavior, susceptibility, and health and comfort outcomes can be collected from additional monitors, surveys, interviews, ethnographic approaches, and additional social and health data sets. Personal exposure research can help reveal the extent of exposure misclassification that occurs when individual exposure to heat is estimated using ambient temperature measured at fixed sites and can provide insights for epidemiological risk assessment concerning extreme heat. Personal heat exposure research provides more valid and precise insights into how often people encounter heat conditions and when, where, to whom, and why these encounters occur. Published literature on personal heat exposure is limited to date, but existing studies point to opportunities to inform public health practice regarding extreme heat, particularly where fine-scale precision is needed to reduce health consequences of heat exposure. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP556.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2017-08-01
- Identifier
- FSU_pmch_28796630, 10.1289/EHP556, PMC5783663, 28796630, 28796630, EHP556
- Format
- Citation
- Title
- Population And Energy Elasticity Of Tornado Casualties.
- Creator
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Fricker, Tyler, Elsner, James B., Jagger, Thomas H.
- Abstract/Description
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Tornadoes are capable of catastrophic destruction and mass casualties, but there are yet no estimates of how sensitive the number of casualties are to changes in the number of people in harm's way or to changes in tornado energy. Here the relationship between tornado casualties (deaths and injuries), population, and energy dissipation is quantified using the economic concept of elasticity. Records of casualties from individual tornadoes over the period 2007-2015 are fit to a regression model....
Show moreTornadoes are capable of catastrophic destruction and mass casualties, but there are yet no estimates of how sensitive the number of casualties are to changes in the number of people in harm's way or to changes in tornado energy. Here the relationship between tornado casualties (deaths and injuries), population, and energy dissipation is quantified using the economic concept of elasticity. Records of casualties from individual tornadoes over the period 2007-2015 are fit to a regression model. The coefficient on the population term (population elasticity) indicates that a doubling in population increases the casualty rate by 21% [(17, 24)%, 95% credible interval]. The coefficient on the energy term (energy elasticity) indicates that a doubling in energy dissipation leads to a 33% [(30, 35)%, 95% credible interval] increase in the casualty rate. The difference in elasticity values show that on average, changes in energy dissipation have been relatively more important in explaining tornado casualties than changes in population. Assuming no changes in warning effectiveness or mitigation efforts, these elasticity estimates can be used to project changes in casualties given the known population trends and possible trends in tornado activity.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2017-04-28
- Identifier
- FSU_libsubv1_wos_000401847500058, 10.1002/2017GL073093
- Format
- Citation
- Title
- Quantifying the sensitivity of maximum, limiting, and potential tropical cyclone intensity to SST: Observations versus the FSU/COAPS global climate model.
- Creator
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Strazzo, Sarah, Elsner, James B., Larow, Tim
- Abstract/Description
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Previous research quantified the sensitivity of limiting intensity to SST for observed tropical cyclones (TCs) and for TCs generated by two global climate models (GCMs). On average, a 1° C increase in sea surface temperature (SST) is associated with a 7.9 m s−1 increase in the statistical upper limit of observed intensity. Conversely, a 1°C increase in SST does not significantly affect the limiting intensity of GCM-generated TCs. The study presented here builds on previous research in two...
Show morePrevious research quantified the sensitivity of limiting intensity to SST for observed tropical cyclones (TCs) and for TCs generated by two global climate models (GCMs). On average, a 1° C increase in sea surface temperature (SST) is associated with a 7.9 m s−1 increase in the statistical upper limit of observed intensity. Conversely, a 1°C increase in SST does not significantly affect the limiting intensity of GCM-generated TCs. The study presented here builds on previous research in two ways: (1) A comparison is made between the statistically defined limiting intensity and the physically defined potential intensity, and (2) a test is performed on the ability of a ∼0.94° resolution GCM to reproduce the observed statistical relationship between potential intensity and SST. Data from NASA's Modern Era Reanalysis are used to approximate the observed sensitivity of potential intensity to SST for the 1982-2008 time period. Results indicate that the sensitivity of potential intensity to SST is not statistically different from the sensitivity of observed maximum or limiting intensity to SST. This result links the statistically defined sensitivity to the physically based theory of hurricanes. Potential intensity is also estimated from the FSU/COAPS GCM. Although the FSU/COAPS model does not capture the observed sensitivity of TC maximum or limiting intensity to SST, the model reproduces the observed sensitivity of potential intensity to SST. The model generates suitable atmospheric conditions for the development of strong TCs, however strong TCs do not develop, possibly as a result of insufficient resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Show less - Date Issued
- 2015-04-23
- Identifier
- FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1474986340, 10.1002/2015MS000432
- Format
- Citation
- Title
- The Relationship between Elevation Roughness and Tornado Activity: A Spatial Statistical Model Fit to Data from the Central Great Plains.
- Creator
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Elsner, James B., Fricker, Tyler, Widen, Holly M., Castillo, Carla M., Humphreys, John, Jung, Jihoon, Rahman, Shoumik, Richard, Amanda, Jagger, Thomas H., Bhatrasataponkul,...
Show moreElsner, James B., Fricker, Tyler, Widen, Holly M., Castillo, Carla M., Humphreys, John, Jung, Jihoon, Rahman, Shoumik, Richard, Amanda, Jagger, Thomas H., Bhatrasataponkul, Tachanat, Gredzens, Christian, Dixon, P. Grady
Show less - Abstract/Description
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The statistical relationship between elevation roughness and tornado activity is quantified using a spatial model that controls for the effect of population on the availability of reports. Across a large portion of the central Great Plains the model shows that areas with uniform elevation tend to have more tornadoes on average than areas with variable elevation. The effect amounts to a 2.3% [(1.6%, 3.0%) = 95% credible interval] increase in the rate of a tornado occurrence per meter of...
Show moreThe statistical relationship between elevation roughness and tornado activity is quantified using a spatial model that controls for the effect of population on the availability of reports. Across a large portion of the central Great Plains the model shows that areas with uniform elevation tend to have more tornadoes on average than areas with variable elevation. The effect amounts to a 2.3% [(1.6%, 3.0%) = 95% credible interval] increase in the rate of a tornado occurrence per meter of decrease in elevation roughness, defined as the highest minus the lowest elevation locally. The effect remains unchanged if the model is fit to the data starting with the year 1995. The effect strengthens for the set of intense tornadoes and is stronger using an alternative definition of roughness. The elevation-roughness effect appears to be strongest over Kansas, but it is statistically significant over a broad domain that extends from Texas to South Dakota. The research is important for developing a local climatological description of tornado occurrence rates across the tornado-prone region of the Great Plains.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016-04
- Identifier
- FSU_libsubv1_wos_000372839700002, 10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0225.1
- Format
- Citation
- Title
- Remote sensing of dominant species for quantifying ecosystem services.
- Creator
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Pau, Stephanie, Dee, Laura E.
- Abstract/Description
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Remote sensing (RS) is a powerful tool to measure and monitor Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) and their environmental drivers. Despite this potential, stronger integration between remote sensing experts and the ecological community could better support biodiversity initiatives. Here we highlight opportunities to harness remote sensing technology to better understand biodiversity patterns, ecological processes and the consequences for ecosystem services (ESs). We argue that tracking...
Show moreRemote sensing (RS) is a powerful tool to measure and monitor Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) and their environmental drivers. Despite this potential, stronger integration between remote sensing experts and the ecological community could better support biodiversity initiatives. Here we highlight opportunities to harness remote sensing technology to better understand biodiversity patterns, ecological processes and the consequences for ecosystem services (ESs). We argue that tracking many EBVs using remote sensing should prioritize the monitoring of dominant species, a scalable property across multiple EBV classes, for several reasons. First, a few dominant species in an ecological community disproportionately contribute to the satellite spectral signature. Second, a focus on dominance would enable a stronger links to ecological research, as dominance reflects the ecological community context (i.e. relative abundance of coexisting species). For example dominant species should be especially important contributors to many ecosystem functions and services that rely on abundance or biomass, such as carbon storage or nutrient cycling, because of their greater representation in a community. Furthermore, global change impacts on communities may be reflected in changing dominance structure before the losses of species, thus tracking dominance provides an early-warning sign of community change for EBVs. Finally, focusing on dominant species should improve understanding of spatial and temporal dynamics of dominance-driven ESs through RS mapping. Given the importance of dominant species to ecological communities and ESs, monitoring dominance under changing environmental conditions and human impacts should be a global priority.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016-08-02
- Identifier
- FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1518816337_47def662, 10.1002/rse2.23
- Format
- Citation
- Title
- Root Functional Diversity Of Native And Nonnative C-3 And C-4 Grass Species In Hawai'i.
- Creator
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Angelo, Courtney L., Pau, Stephanie
- Abstract/Description
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C-3 and C-4 plants are often reported to differ in functional traits and resource-use strategies, whereas nonnative plants may differ from native plants in functional traits, leading to different resource-use strategies that facilitate their invasion. In this study, we compared root functional traits of native and nonnative C-3 and C-4 grasses with the prediction that different resource acquisition strategies would be observed among these groups. We examined five root functional traits [mean...
Show moreC-3 and C-4 plants are often reported to differ in functional traits and resource-use strategies, whereas nonnative plants may differ from native plants in functional traits, leading to different resource-use strategies that facilitate their invasion. In this study, we compared root functional traits of native and nonnative C-3 and C-4 grasses with the prediction that different resource acquisition strategies would be observed among these groups. We examined five root functional traits [mean diameter, specific root length, root tissue density, fine root percentage (diameter <0.2 mm), and root length density] among natural communities of C-3 and C-4 grass species along an elevation gradient in Hawai'i to classify resource-use strategies. We also examined how root functional traits were related to environmental characteristics (mean annual, seasonal, and July soil moisture; mean annual precipitation and temperature; and soil nitrogen percentage) along this elevation gradient. Root traits corresponded broadly to differences in photosynthetic pathway [C-3 versus C-4 (P < .05)]. However, significant variation occurred within the C-3 functional group (P < .05), whereas all C-4 species had similar root functional traits. Grass assemblages were associated with differences in seasonal soil moisture, but root traits did not sort consistently along any environmental gradient. Principal component and cluster analyses of root functional traits showed that nonnative C-3 species tended to be resource acquisitive whereas the native C-3 species was resource conservative, similar to native and nonnative C-4 species. Evaluating functional traits of native versus nonnative species will provide a better understanding of invasion dynamics and suggest possible restoration and conservation strategies in grassland communities where native species still persist.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2017-04
- Identifier
- FSU_libsubv1_wos_000399267300002, 10.2984/71.2.2
- Format
- Citation
- Title
- Spatial Variation In The Quality Of American Community Survey Estimates.
- Creator
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Folch, David C., Arribas-Bel, Daniel, Koschinsky, Julia, Spielman, Seth E.
- Abstract/Description
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Social science research, public and private sector decisions, and allocations of federal resources often rely on data from the American Community Survey (ACS). However, this critical data source has high uncertainty in some of its most frequently used estimates. Using 2006-2010 ACS median household income estimates at the census tract scale as a test case, we explore spatial and nonspatial patterns in ACS estimate quality. We find that spatial patterns of uncertainty in the northern United...
Show moreSocial science research, public and private sector decisions, and allocations of federal resources often rely on data from the American Community Survey (ACS). However, this critical data source has high uncertainty in some of its most frequently used estimates. Using 2006-2010 ACS median household income estimates at the census tract scale as a test case, we explore spatial and nonspatial patterns in ACS estimate quality. We find that spatial patterns of uncertainty in the northern United States differ from those in the southern United States, and they are also different in suburbs than in urban cores. In both cases, uncertainty is lower in the former than the latter. In addition, uncertainty is higher in areas with lower incomes. We use a series of multivariate spatial regression models to describe the patterns of association between uncertainty in estimates and economic, demographic, and geographic factors, controlling for the number of responses. We find that these demographic and geographic patterns in estimate quality persist even after we account for the number of responses. Our results indicate that data quality varies across places, making cross-sectional analysis both within and across regions less reliable. Finally, we present advice for data users and potential solutions to the challenges identified.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016-10
- Identifier
- FSU_libsubv1_wos_000385144600012, 10.1007/s13524-016-0499-1
- Format
- Citation
- Title
- Statistical Models for Tornado Climatology: Long and Short-Term Views..
- Creator
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Elsner, James B, Jagger, Thomas H, Fricker, Tyler
- Abstract/Description
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This paper estimates regional tornado risk from records of past events using statistical models. First, a spatial model is fit to the tornado counts aggregated in counties with terms that control for changes in observational practices over time. Results provide a long-term view of risk that delineates the main tornado corridors in the United States where the expected annual rate exceeds two tornadoes per 10,000 square km. A few counties in the Texas Panhandle and central Kansas have annual...
Show moreThis paper estimates regional tornado risk from records of past events using statistical models. First, a spatial model is fit to the tornado counts aggregated in counties with terms that control for changes in observational practices over time. Results provide a long-term view of risk that delineates the main tornado corridors in the United States where the expected annual rate exceeds two tornadoes per 10,000 square km. A few counties in the Texas Panhandle and central Kansas have annual rates that exceed four tornadoes per 10,000 square km. Refitting the model after removing the least damaging tornadoes from the data (EF0) produces a similar map but with the greatest tornado risk shifted south and eastward. Second, a space-time model is fit to the counts aggregated in raster cells with terms that control for changes in climate factors. Results provide a short-term view of risk. The short-term view identifies a shift of tornado activity away from the Ohio Valley under El Niño conditions and away from the Southeast under positive North Atlantic oscillation conditions. The combined predictor effects on the local rates is quantified by fitting the model after leaving out the year to be predicted from the data. The models provide state-of-the-art views of tornado risk that can be used by government agencies, the insurance industry, and the general public.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016-11-22
- Identifier
- FSU_pmch_27875581, 10.1371/journal.pone.0166895, PMC5119788, 27875581, 27875581, PONE-D-16-27805
- Format
- Citation
- Title
- Summer indoor heat exposure and respiratory and cardiovascular distress calls in New York City, NY, U.S.
- Creator
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Uejio, C K, Tamerius, J D, Vredenburg, J, Asaeda, G, Isaacs, D A, Braun, J, Quinn, A, Freese, J P
- Abstract/Description
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Most extreme heat studies relate outdoor weather conditions to human morbidity and mortality. In developed nations, individuals spend ~90% of their time indoors. This pilot study investigated the indoor environments of people receiving emergency medical care in New York City, NY, U.S., from July to August 2013. The first objective was to determine the relative influence of outdoor conditions as well as patient characteristics and neighborhood sociodemographics on indoor temperature and...
Show moreMost extreme heat studies relate outdoor weather conditions to human morbidity and mortality. In developed nations, individuals spend ~90% of their time indoors. This pilot study investigated the indoor environments of people receiving emergency medical care in New York City, NY, U.S., from July to August 2013. The first objective was to determine the relative influence of outdoor conditions as well as patient characteristics and neighborhood sociodemographics on indoor temperature and specific humidity (N = 764). The second objective was to determine whether cardiovascular or respiratory cases experience hotter and more humid indoor conditions as compared to controls. Paramedics carried portable sensors into buildings where patients received care to passively monitor indoor temperature and humidity. The case-control study compared 338 respiratory cases, 291 cardiovascular cases, and 471 controls. Intuitively, warmer and sunnier outdoor conditions increased indoor temperatures. Older patients who received emergency care tended to occupy warmer buildings. Indoor-specific humidity levels quickly adjusted to outdoor conditions. Indoor heat and humidity exposure above a 26 °C threshold increased (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 0.98-2.68, P = 0.056), but not significantly, the proportion of respiratory cases. Indoor heat exposures were similar between cardiovascular cases and controls.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016-08-01
- Identifier
- FSU_pmch_26086869, 10.1111/ina.12227, PMC4786471, 26086869, 26086869
- Format
- Citation
- Title
- The Relationship between Elevation Roughness and Tornado Activity.
- Creator
-
Elsner, James B., Fricker, Tyler, Widen, Holly M., Castillo, Carla M., Humphreys, John, Jung, Jihoon, Rahman, Shoumik, Richard, Amanda, Jagger, Thomas H., Bhatrasataponkul,...
Show moreElsner, James B., Fricker, Tyler, Widen, Holly M., Castillo, Carla M., Humphreys, John, Jung, Jihoon, Rahman, Shoumik, Richard, Amanda, Jagger, Thomas H., Bhatrasataponkul, Tachanat, Gredzens, Christian, Dixon, P. Grady
Show less - Abstract/Description
-
The statistical relationship between elevation roughness and tornado activity is quantified using a spatial model that controls for the effect of population on the availability of reports. Across a large portion of the central Great Plains the model shows that areas with uniform elevation tend to have more tornadoes on average than areas with variable elevation. The effect amounts to a 2.3% [(1.6%, 3.0%) = 95% credible interval] increase in the rate of a tornado occurrence per meter of...
Show moreThe statistical relationship between elevation roughness and tornado activity is quantified using a spatial model that controls for the effect of population on the availability of reports. Across a large portion of the central Great Plains the model shows that areas with uniform elevation tend to have more tornadoes on average than areas with variable elevation. The effect amounts to a 2.3% [(1.6%, 3.0%) = 95% credible interval] increase in the rate of a tornado occurrence per meter of decrease in elevation roughness, defined as the highest minus the lowest elevation locally. The effect remains unchanged if the model is fit to the data starting with the year 1995. The effect strengthens for the set of intense tornadoes and is stronger using an alternative definition of roughness. The elevation-roughness effect appears to be strongest over Kansas, but it is statistically significant over a broad domain that extends from Texas to South Dakota. The research is important for developing a local climatological description of tornado occurrence rates across the tornado-prone region of the Great Plains.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016-04
- Identifier
- FSU_libsubv1_wos_000372839700002, 10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0225.1
- Format
- Citation
- Title
- Tornado Intensity Estimated from Damage Path Dimensions.
- Creator
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Elsner, James, Jagger, Thomas
- Abstract/Description
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The Newcastle/Moore and El Reno tornadoes of May 2013 are recent reminders of the destructive power of tornadoes. A direct estimate of a tornado's power is difficult and dangerous to get. An indirect estimate on a categorical scale is available from a post-storm survery of the damage. Wind speed bounds are attached to the scale, but the scale is not adequate for analyzing trends in tornado intensity separate from trends in tornado frequency. Here tornado intensity on a continuum is estimated...
Show moreThe Newcastle/Moore and El Reno tornadoes of May 2013 are recent reminders of the destructive power of tornadoes. A direct estimate of a tornado's power is difficult and dangerous to get. An indirect estimate on a categorical scale is available from a post-storm survery of the damage. Wind speed bounds are attached to the scale, but the scale is not adequate for analyzing trends in tornado intensity separate from trends in tornado frequency. Here tornado intensity on a continuum is estimated from damage path length and width, which are measured on continuous scales and correlated to the EF rating. The wind speeds on the EF scale are treated as interval censored data and regressed onto the path dimensions and fatalities. The regression model indicates a 25% increase in expected intensity over a threshold intensity of 29 m s−1 for a 100 km increase in path length and a 17% increase in expected intensity for a one km increase in path width. The model shows a 43% increase in the expected intensity when fatalities are observed controlling for path dimensions. The estimated wind speeds correlate at a level of .77 (.34, .93) [95% confidence interval] with a small sample of wind speeds estimated independently from a doppler radar calibration. The estimated wind speeds allow analyses to be done on the tornado database that are not possible with the categorical scale. The modeled intensities can be used in climatology and in environmental and engineering applications. Research is needed to understand the upward trends in path length and width.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2014-09-17
- Identifier
- FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1475155297, 10.1371/journal.pone.0107571
- Format
- Citation
- Title
- Tropical Forest Temperature Thresholds For Gross Primary Productivity.
- Creator
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Pau, Stephanie, Detto, Matteo, Kim, Youngil, Still, Christopher J.
- Abstract/Description
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Tropical forests are hyper-diverse and perform critical functions that regulate global climate, yet they are also threatened by rising temperatures. Canopy temperatures depart considerably from air temperatures, sometimes by as much as air temperatures are projected to increase by the end of this century; however, canopy temperatures are rarely measured or considered in climate change analyses. Our results from near-continuous thermal imaging of a well-studied tropical forest show that canopy...
Show moreTropical forests are hyper-diverse and perform critical functions that regulate global climate, yet they are also threatened by rising temperatures. Canopy temperatures depart considerably from air temperatures, sometimes by as much as air temperatures are projected to increase by the end of this century; however, canopy temperatures are rarely measured or considered in climate change analyses. Our results from near-continuous thermal imaging of a well-studied tropical forest show that canopy temperatures reached a maximum of similar to 34 degrees C, and exceeded maximum air temperatures by as much as 7 degrees C. Comparing different canopy surfaces reveals that bark was the warmest, followed by a deciduous canopy, flowers, and coolest was an evergreen canopy. Differences among canopy surfaces were largest during afternoon hours, when the evergreen canopy cooled more rapidly than other canopy surfaces, presumably due to transpiration. Gross primary productivity (GPP), estimated from eddy covariance measurements, was more strongly associated with canopy temperatures than air temperatures or vapor pressure deficit. The rate of GPP increase with canopy temperatures slowed above similar to 28-29 degrees C, but GPP continued to increase until similar to 31-32 degrees C. Although future warming is projected to be greater in high-latitude regions, we show that tropical forest productivity is highly sensitive to small changes in temperature. Important biophysical and physiological characteristics captured by canopy temperatures allow more accurate predictions of GPP compared to commonly used air temperatures. Results suggest that as air temperatures continue to warm with climate change, canopy temperatures will increase at a similar to 40% higher rate, with uncertain but potentially large impacts on tropical forest productivity.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018-07-01
- Identifier
- FSU_libsubv1_wos_000441526900031, 10.1002/ecs2.2311
- Format
- Citation
- Title
- Tumoral expression of drug and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in breast cancer patients of different ethnicities with implications to personalized medicine.
- Creator
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Li, Yan, Steppi, Albert, Zhou, Yidong, Mao, Feng, Miller, Philip Craig, He, Max M, Zhao, Tingting, Sun, Qiang, Zhang, Jinfeng
- Abstract/Description
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Drug and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (DXME) play important roles in drug responses and carcinogenesis. Recent studies have found that expression of DXME in cancer cells significantly affects drug clearance and the onset of drug resistance. In this study we compared the expression of DXME in breast tumor tissue samples from patients representing three ethnic groups: Caucasian Americans (CA), African Americans (AA), and Asian Americans (AS). We further combined DXME gene expression data...
Show moreDrug and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (DXME) play important roles in drug responses and carcinogenesis. Recent studies have found that expression of DXME in cancer cells significantly affects drug clearance and the onset of drug resistance. In this study we compared the expression of DXME in breast tumor tissue samples from patients representing three ethnic groups: Caucasian Americans (CA), African Americans (AA), and Asian Americans (AS). We further combined DXME gene expression data with eQTL data from the GTEx project and with allele frequency data from the 1000 Genomes project to identify SNPs that may be associated with differential expression of DXME genes. We identified substantial differences among CA, AA, and AS populations in the expression of DXME genes and in activation of pathways involved in drug metabolism, including those involved in metabolizing chemotherapy drugs that are commonly used in the treatment of breast cancer. These data suggest that differential expression of DXME may associate with health disparities in breast cancer outcomes observed among these three ethnic groups. Our study suggests that development of personalized treatment strategies for breast cancer patients could be improved by considering both germline genotypes and tumor specific mutations and expression profiles related to DXME genes.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2017-07-06
- Identifier
- FSU_pmch_28684774, 10.1038/s41598-017-04250-2, PMC5500564, 28684774, 28684774, 10.1038/s41598-017-04250-2
- Format
- Citation
- Title
- Working with Climate Projections to Estimate Disease Burden: Perspectives from Public Health..
- Creator
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Conlon, Kathryn C, Kintziger, Kristina W, Jagger, Meredith, Stefanova, Lydia, Uejio, Christopher K, Konrad, Charles
- Abstract/Description
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There is interest among agencies and public health practitioners in the United States (USA) to estimate the future burden of climate-related health outcomes. Calculating disease burden projections can be especially daunting, given the complexities of climate modeling and the multiple pathways by which climate influences public health. Interdisciplinary coordination between public health practitioners and climate scientists is necessary for scientifically derived estimates. We describe a...
Show moreThere is interest among agencies and public health practitioners in the United States (USA) to estimate the future burden of climate-related health outcomes. Calculating disease burden projections can be especially daunting, given the complexities of climate modeling and the multiple pathways by which climate influences public health. Interdisciplinary coordination between public health practitioners and climate scientists is necessary for scientifically derived estimates. We describe a unique partnership of state and regional climate scientists and public health practitioners assembled by the Florida Building Resilience Against Climate Effects (BRACE) program. We provide a background on climate modeling and projections that has been developed specifically for public health practitioners, describe methodologies for combining climate and health data to project disease burden, and demonstrate three examples of this process used in Florida.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016-08-09
- Identifier
- FSU_pmch_27517942, 10.3390/ijerph13080804, PMC4997490, 27517942, 27517942, ijerph13080804
- Format
- Citation
