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Title: A COMPARISON OF RHYTHMIC RESPONSIVENESS IN NORMAL AND HEARING IMPAIRED CHILDREN AND AN INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF RHYTHMIC RESPONSIVENESS TO THE SUPRASEGMENTAL ASPECTS OF SPEECH PERCEPTION.
Creator: DARROW, ALICE-ANN., Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The study had two major objectives: (1) To compare the rhythm responsiveness of hearing and hearing impaired students on six subtests designed to measure beat identification, tempo change, accent as a factor in meter discrimination, melodic rhythm duplication, rhythm pattern duplication, and rhythm pattern maintenance; and (2) To investigate the relationship of rhythmic responsiveness in hearing impaired children to the suprasegmental aspects of speech perception that involve rhythm...
Show moreThe study had two major objectives: (1) To compare the rhythm responsiveness of hearing and hearing impaired students on six subtests designed to measure beat identification, tempo change, accent as a factor in meter discrimination, melodic rhythm duplication, rhythm pattern duplication, and rhythm pattern maintenance; and (2) To investigate the relationship of rhythmic responsiveness in hearing impaired children to the suprasegmental aspects of speech perception that involve rhythm discrimination., Sixty-two hearing impaired and normal hearing public school students served as subjects. Ages ranged from nine to sixteen with a mean age of twelve. Speech reception thresholds (SRT) for hearing impaired subjects better ear ranged from 35 dB to dB levels beyond the limits of the audiometer. The Test of Rhythm Responsiveness, recorded on a specially prepared tape, was used in conjunction with the TAP MASTER, a stereo cassette tape player with the capacity to provide a quantitative measurement of student response. The test tape was administered to hearing impaired subjects over a portable audiometer at 35 dB above subjects' SRT., Results indicated that hearing impaired subjects performed as well or better than normal hearing subjects on subtests I, II, III, and V with regard to beat identification, tempo change, accent as a factor in meter discrimination, and rhythm pattern maintenance. However, a significant difference was found between the two groups on Subtest IV Parts A and B concerning melodic rhythm duplication, and rhythm pattern duplication. No significant difference was found among age levels or between males and females. The specific degree of hearing loss was not related to test performance of hearing impaired subjects with the exception of those subjects designated profoundly hearing impaired., Two additional speech perception tests were administered to hearing impaired subjects, the Children's Auditory Test and the Auditory Numbers Test. These tests evaluated subjects' ability to discriminate suprasegmental (i.e. nonlinguistic) features of speech. Correlations were found between the rhythmic responsiveness subtests intended to measure beat identification, melodic rhythm duplication, and beat maintenance performance, and both of the suprasegmental speech perception tests.
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Date Issued: 1983, 1983
Identifier: AAI8329413, 3085674, FSDT3085674, fsu:75166
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: The Effect of Music Therapy and Songwriting in Anxiety, Depression and Quality of Life in Cancer Patients and Their Families as Measured by Self-Report.
Creator: Cermak, Amy M., Standley, Jayne M., Darrow, Alice Ann, Standley, Jayne M., Darrow, Alice Ann, Gregory, Diane, College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to examine the quality of life and anxiety/depression level of cancer patients and their families within a hospital setting. Any patient admitted to Tallahassee Memorial HealthCare that met the criteria for this study as determined by the medical personnel, was considered as a potential subject. The music therapy sessions consisted of a song written about the patient and family, live preferred music and counseling to help the patient and family. The experimental...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to examine the quality of life and anxiety/depression level of cancer patients and their families within a hospital setting. Any patient admitted to Tallahassee Memorial HealthCare that met the criteria for this study as determined by the medical personnel, was considered as a potential subject. The music therapy sessions consisted of a song written about the patient and family, live preferred music and counseling to help the patient and family. The experimental and control groups were randomly assigned. The experimental group (N=40), recieved two sessions of music therapy. The first music therapy session was used to gather information that the patient and family wanted to use in the song and also to assess the level of coping. The second music therapy session consisted of giving the patient a copy of the song, and a live performance of the song. The patient and one family member then provided self-report data on the Anxiety/Depression questionnaire, and the Hospice Quality of Life Index questionnaire. One week later, the patient was contacted and asked to fill out the same questionnaires as before and a Songwriting Quesionnaire. The control group (N=40), received one music therapy session consisting of preferred live music and counseling for the patient and family. At the end of each session, the patient and family member completed the Anxiety/Depression questionnaire and the Hospice Quality of Life questionnaire. One week later, the patient was contacted again to complete the same questionnaires as before. The patient Hospice Quality of Life questionnaire showed significantly higher scores for the experimental one-week post session group than the control one-week post session group. The Songwriting Questionnaire filled out only by the experimental subjects, showed a high mean score of 8.5 on a 10 point scale for coping skills.
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-3981
Format: Thesis

Title: El Gato Montés: A Victim in Spain's Struggle to Establish A National Operatic Identity.
Creator: Esquivel, Karen, Darrow, Alice Ann, Gerber, Larry, College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The task of creating Spanish opera in a musical environment which was hostile and critical has been a consternation and challenge for almost every Spanish composer with a desire to create a Spanish national operatic identity. The opera El Gato Montés, by composer-librettist Manuel Penella Moreno (1880-1939) premiered in 1916. The work achieved great public success in and outside of Spain, including a 10 week sold-out performance run in New York City in 1920. Penella's talent for composing...
Show moreThe task of creating Spanish opera in a musical environment which was hostile and critical has been a consternation and challenge for almost every Spanish composer with a desire to create a Spanish national operatic identity. The opera El Gato Montés, by composer-librettist Manuel Penella Moreno (1880-1939) premiered in 1916. The work achieved great public success in and outside of Spain, including a 10 week sold-out performance run in New York City in 1920. Penella's talent for composing lovely melodies is manifest in the music for El Gato Montés. The libretto is dramatic and effective. Its appeal to the public at large was demonstrated with its triumphant premiere and following successful performances. Ultimately, this opera met the same fate as the great majority of Spanish operas. It was set aside and forgotten. The only exception to this pattern was Manuel de Falla's (1876-1946) La vida breve (1913). The purpose of this study is to present Penella's El Gato Montés as an exceptional example of Spanish opera and present a brief history of the development of this genre, from its birth with the opera La púrpura de la rosa by Juan Hidalgo de Polanca in 1660, through the premiere of El Gato Montés in 1916. An analysis of the work will identify and discuss the variety of characteristics of Spanish society, culture and music which are incorporated in the opera, and make the opera a distinctly Spanish work. These characteristics include: the representation of Catholic morality and customs, machismo, familial aspects of a matriarchal society, the gypsies of Southern Spain and their cante flamenco, and the bullfight with its associated musical form, the pasodoble. Several of the criticisms that appeared at the time of the opera's premiere will be discussed, including the accusation that the opera was nothing more than an "españolada," an artificial caricature of the true Spain. It is the author's opinion that El Gato Montés is a work worthy of consideration as an important contribution to Spanish music and the operatic repertoire.
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Date Issued: 2009
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-0506
Format: Thesis

Title: Evidence-Based Research for the Geriatric Population.
Creator: Thomason, Danae Katherine, Standley, Jayne M., Darrow, Alice-Anne, Gregory, Sarah, College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to analyze the existing quantitative experimental research evaluating the effect of music on symptoms of the geriatric population. A review of literature was conducted on 47 studies found in twelve refereed journals evaluating. Common objectives, assessments, and procedures were identified and clinical guidelines for evidence-based procedures were developed. Results and further quantitative research are suggested and discussed.
Date Issued: 2007
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-0377
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effect of Patient Preferred Live versus Recorded Music on Non-Responsive Patients in the Hospice Setting as Evidenced by Physiological and Behavioral States.
Creator: Segall, Lorna E., Darrow, Alice-Ann, Standley, Jayne M., Gregory, Dianne, College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of music therapy interventions utilizing two types of patient-preferred music—recorded and live, on the behavior states, respiration rates and heart rates of hospice patients who were labeled non-responsive. Participants were 10 older adults (ranging from 60-90 years of age) who were labeled by a nurse or family support counselor as non-responsive. For this study, non-responsive was defined as not reacting to vocal stimulation. Each...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of music therapy interventions utilizing two types of patient-preferred music—recorded and live, on the behavior states, respiration rates and heart rates of hospice patients who were labeled non-responsive. Participants were 10 older adults (ranging from 60-90 years of age) who were labeled by a nurse or family support counselor as non-responsive. For this study, non-responsive was defined as not reacting to vocal stimulation. Each participant participated in sessions that were 40 minutes in length occurring on two consecutive days. The design for this study was Day 1: ABCA and Day 2: ACBA, with A-initial baseline condition, B-participant-preferred recorded music, C-participant-preferred live music, A-return to baseline condition, and patient-preferred live and recorded music conditions alternated between days. All sessions were videotaped for analysis and coded to measure the time participants spent in each of the eight behavior states according to the behavioral state coding system (Guess et al., 1990). Results indicated that the patient-preferred live music condition was significantly more effective than the patient-preferred recorded music condition and the baseline condition in eliciting participants' most alert states. Further analysis revealed no significant difference between the baseline, patient-preferred live music, or participant-preferred recorded music conditions on participants' respiration or heart rates. The live versus recorded music findings of the present study have important implications for the role of music therapists in hospice programs, and for the use of nonverbal forms of communication to evaluate the responses of patients with end-of-life diagnoses.
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Date Issued: 2007
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-0282
Format: Thesis

Title: The Comparison of Three Selected Music/Reading Activities on Second-Grade Students' Story Comprehension, on-Task/off-Task Behaviors, and Prefrences for the Three Selected Activities.
Creator: Azan, Amanda Marie, Darrow, Alice-Ann, Gregory, Dianne, Standley, Jayne M., College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Research suggests that music is beneficial in teaching both academic and social skills to young children. The purpose of this study was to compare three selected music/reading activities on second-grade students' story comprehension scores, on-task/off-task behaviors, and preferences for the three selected activities. The control condition was reading story with no music (SNM). The two experimental music conditions were: (1) reading story with choral refrain throughout (SCR) and (2) reading...
Show moreResearch suggests that music is beneficial in teaching both academic and social skills to young children. The purpose of this study was to compare three selected music/reading activities on second-grade students' story comprehension scores, on-task/off-task behaviors, and preferences for the three selected activities. The control condition was reading story with no music (SNM). The two experimental music conditions were: (1) reading story with choral refrain throughout (SCR) and (2) reading story with instrumental accompaniment throughout (SIA). Participants in the study were children (N=38) ages 7-8 years old, enrolled in one of three second-grade classes at a public elementary school in Northern Florida. The order of conditions was counterbalanced among the classes to control for order effects. Each class received one reading activity per week for a total of three consecutive weeks. Following each reading activity, participants were given a 10-question story comprehension test and a preference assessment. Classes were also videotaped for later analyses of on-task and off-task behaviors during each reading activity. Results indicated a significant difference in story comprehension scores among the conditions for Classes B and C. Results indicated no significant difference in story comprehension scores among the conditions for Class A. Further analyses revealed that students in two of the three classes made significantly higher comprehension scores when story reading was paired with the music conditions than the no music condition. Analysis of participants' on-task behaviors revealed the highest percentage of on-task behaviors was during music condition two (story with instrumental accompaniment), followed by music condition one (story with choral refrain). The lowest percentage of on-task behaviors was during the control condition (story with no music). Results also revealed that participants had no significant preferences for the three conditions. These findings suggest that pairing stories with music can be an effective tool in promoting second-grade students' on-task behaviors, and enhancing their story comprehension scores and their preferences for reading activities.
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Date Issued: 2010
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-0269
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effect of Music, Gestures, and Music with Gestures on the Sight-Word Recognition of Students with Dyslexia.
Creator: Draper, Ellary Anne, Darrow, Alice-Ann, Standley, Jayne M., Gregory, Sarah, College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of music, gestures, and music with gestures on the sight-word recognition of students with dyslexia. Specifically, this study examined participants': 1) sight-word recognition in isolation, 2) time-delay in sight-word recognition, 3) sight-word recognition in reading passages, and 4) reading comprehension of reading passages. Students with dyslexia at a private school for students with dyslexia and attention deficit disorder served as...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to compare the effects of music, gestures, and music with gestures on the sight-word recognition of students with dyslexia. Specifically, this study examined participants': 1) sight-word recognition in isolation, 2) time-delay in sight-word recognition, 3) sight-word recognition in reading passages, and 4) reading comprehension of reading passages. Students with dyslexia at a private school for students with dyslexia and attention deficit disorder served as participants (N = 6). All participants received reading instruction on the target sight-words using music, gestures, and music with gestures. During the music condition, participants sang the target words to short melodic motifs. During the gesture condition, participants signed the words. During the music with gesture condition, participants both sang and signed the target words. Results indicated that participants made significant improvement pre- to posttest for sight-word recognition in isolation and in reading passages. All conditions resulted in significant participant improvement pre- to posttest; however, both music and gestures used alone were significantly more effective than music with gestures. There was no significant difference in participants' time-delay of sight-words in isolation or in reading comprehension of selected passages.
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Date Issued: 2007
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-0676
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effect of Music Therapy Coursework on Taiwanese College Students' Music Therapy Knowledge.
Creator: Wu, Yang-Ching, Standley, Jayne M., Darrow, Alice-Ann, Gregory, Dianne, College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The purpose of the study was to explore the music therapy knowledge among college music students in Taiwan. This study chose three groups of students. Group A (n = 50) included Junior and Senior music students who had taken or were currently taking music therapy courses. Group B (n = 57) consisted of music students selected from the ranks of Sophomore or Junior at each of the colleges offering music therapy courses, who had not taken any music therapy course. Group C (n = 83) was constituted...
Show moreThe purpose of the study was to explore the music therapy knowledge among college music students in Taiwan. This study chose three groups of students. Group A (n = 50) included Junior and Senior music students who had taken or were currently taking music therapy courses. Group B (n = 57) consisted of music students selected from the ranks of Sophomore or Junior at each of the colleges offering music therapy courses, who had not taken any music therapy course. Group C (n = 83) was constituted of students selected from among the Junior and Senior attending colleges that did not offer music therapy courses. The results of the study showed that students in group A were significantly more knowledgeable about music therapy than students in groups B and C. The music therapy courses did help to increase understanding of the diverse uses of music and its applications to specific populations in a variety of settings and using different techniques. A second analysis indicated that there were no significant difference among those three groups on evaluation of music therapy interests and curriculum. The researcher suggested that music educators in Taiwan should take the benefits of course offerings in music therapy into consideration when contemplating the development of the curricula of their schools.
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-0707
Format: Thesis

Title: Musical Culture in New York in the 1960S: Interviews with Clarinetists Who Auditioned for Leopold Stokowski and the American Symphony Orchestra.
Creator: Detweiler, Julie L. Schumacher, Kowalsky, Frank, Darrow, Alice Ann, Bish, Deborah, Keesecker, Jeffrey, College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This treatise is an exploration of the distinctiveness of the American Symphony Orchestra. The American Symphony Orchestra was a unique organization that combined contemporary music and young musicians of diverse backgrounds with a famous conductor. Although Leopold Stokowski used a rather archaic method of auditioning, his inclusion of women and minorities in the orchestra was progressive and his championing of young musicians was legendary. The orchestra resided in New York, a city that...
Show moreThis treatise is an exploration of the distinctiveness of the American Symphony Orchestra. The American Symphony Orchestra was a unique organization that combined contemporary music and young musicians of diverse backgrounds with a famous conductor. Although Leopold Stokowski used a rather archaic method of auditioning, his inclusion of women and minorities in the orchestra was progressive and his championing of young musicians was legendary. The orchestra resided in New York, a city that already had a rich, albeit very different, symphonic tradition in 1962 when the American Symphony was founded. There were no women and only one African-American musician in the New York Philharmonic at that time, and most orchestras in the country were not yet using screens to audition potential candidates for open positions. This distinct set of circumstances can be seen as a cultural microcosm for the creation and development of the symphony orchestra, including the transformation of the audition process and the introduction of women and minorities to the symphony orchestra. At the heart of this microcosm are Leopold Stokowski and the musicians who dreamed to be a part of his orchestra. Two of the interviews for this treatise were convenience samples due to proximity, and the other six interviews were randomly selected from the list that Stokowski kept on every musician who auditioned for him. Interviews were conducted either in person or by phone, recorded and later transcribed. This treatise begins with a history of the development of the American Symphony and is followed by the history of the audition process in the United States. A brief overview of Stokowski's audition process for the American Symphony provides some insight and context for the interviews that follow.
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Date Issued: 2010
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-0074
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effect of a Computerized Training Program on the Participants' Knowledge of Nonverbal Communication in Medical, Educational, and Therapeutic Settings.
Creator: Alexander, Jessica Kay, Darrow, Alice-Ann, Gregory, Dianne, Standley, Jayne M., College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a computerized training program on participants' knowledge concerning the role of nonverbal communication in medical, educational, and therapeutic settings. Participants in the study (n = 50) were music therapy majors (n = 35) and music education majors (n = 15) from a large Southeastern university. Two 30-minute training modules were designed and programmed for the purposes of the study utilizing the computer software program...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a computerized training program on participants' knowledge concerning the role of nonverbal communication in medical, educational, and therapeutic settings. Participants in the study (n = 50) were music therapy majors (n = 35) and music education majors (n = 15) from a large Southeastern university. Two 30-minute training modules were designed and programmed for the purposes of the study utilizing the computer software program Adobe Captivate 3. Participants were individually pre- and posttested before and after completing the modules during two 45-minute separate sessions. Participants' made significant gains from pre- to posttest indicating that the computerized training modules were effective for teaching music therapy and music education students knowledge of nonverbal communication. There were no significant differences between music therapy or music education majors or between males and females in their abilities to learn information utilizing the computerized training program. Previous research indicates that nonverbal communication is an important factor in effective clinical and educational practice; however, nonverbal communication is not typically a part of most music therapy or music education curricula. The present study indicates that the computerized instruction utilized in this study is a viable method for teaching students, and perhaps practitioners, information related to the effective use of nonverbal communication in clinical and education practice.
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Date Issued: 2008
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-0163
Format: Thesis

Title: Occupational Perceptions of Undergraduate Music Majors.
Creator: Allen, Tanya Renee, VanWeelden, Kimberly, Darrow, Alice-Ann, Kelly, Steven, College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Fifty-one undergraduate music majors were asked to choose one of four models for thirteen music and non-music occupations. The models consisted of a Black female, a White female, a Black male, and a White male. The results found that the race and gender of the models were determining factors in the participants' choice for various occupations; however, the race and gender of the participants were not determined to be major factors in their model selection. Also revealed in this study was the...
Show moreFifty-one undergraduate music majors were asked to choose one of four models for thirteen music and non-music occupations. The models consisted of a Black female, a White female, a Black male, and a White male. The results found that the race and gender of the models were determining factors in the participants' choice for various occupations; however, the race and gender of the participants were not determined to be major factors in their model selection. Also revealed in this study was the importance of status and the type of occupation use. The male models were chosen the most for high-status occupations, music history professor, jazz ensemble instructor, and symphonic band director. Females dominated the participant's choice for voice instructor and both mid and low status occupations
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Date Issued: 2008
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-0171
Format: Thesis

Title: The Modern Romanian Violin School: An Analytical Introduction to Manual De Vioara by Ionel Geanta and George Manoliu.
Creator: Moldovan, Tania Aniela, Darrow, Alice-Ann, Holzman, Bruce, Sauer, Greg, Florida State University, College of Music, College of Music
Abstract/Description: This treatise examines the importance of the Manual de Vioara, written by Romanian violinists and professors Ionel Geanta and George Manoliu, and its influence for the Romanian violins school during Communist rule. A particular challenge during this time was the political situation of Romania which greatly affected the music scene, inspiring the authors to develop a violin method accessible for beginner violinists. This paper provides a historical background of Romania's situation under the...
Show moreThis treatise examines the importance of the Manual de Vioara, written by Romanian violinists and professors Ionel Geanta and George Manoliu, and its influence for the Romanian violins school during Communist rule. A particular challenge during this time was the political situation of Romania which greatly affected the music scene, inspiring the authors to develop a violin method accessible for beginner violinists. This paper provides a historical background of Romania's situation under the Communist rule, and why the development of such method was necessary and benefited the school of violin. While little information has been written regarding the authors, the development of the Romanian violin school, and the impact of the Manual de Vioara, this survey is meant to be used as a guideline for understanding the method's structure, and its potential. Intended to prepare the beginner student for the intermediate level in his development as a violinist, the four volumes of the Manual de Vioara cover a large variety of violin techniques as well as music history, all presented in detailed, structured lesson plans. Ultimately, this analysis highlights the impact of this method which shaped many generations of violinists in Romania.
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Date Issued: 2015
Identifier: FSU_2015fall_Moldovan_fsu_0071E_12852
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effect of Silence, Story Reading, Acapella Singing and Guitar Playing on Inducing Sleep in Preschool Children.
Creator: Pruitt, Sarah Elizabeth, Darrow, Alice-Ann, Standley, Jayne M., Gregory, Sarah Dianne, Florida State University, College of Music, College of Music
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of silence, story reading, acapella singing, and guitar playing on inducing sleep in preschool-aged children within the first 15 minutes of naptime. Thirty-five two- and four-year old children from five classrooms at two facilities participated in the study. Each classroom scheduled afternoon naptime following lunch prior to and during this study. Participants in all five classrooms had scheduled naptimes for three days under each of the...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to determine the effects of silence, story reading, acapella singing, and guitar playing on inducing sleep in preschool-aged children within the first 15 minutes of naptime. Thirty-five two- and four-year old children from five classrooms at two facilities participated in the study. Each classroom scheduled afternoon naptime following lunch prior to and during this study. Participants in all five classrooms had scheduled naptimes for three days under each of the following four conditions: (1) silence, (2) story reading, (3) acapella singing, and (4) guitar playing. An observation form designed for data collection was used by five observers to record the number of children who had: (1) eyes open and talking, (2) eyes open and moving, (3) eyes open and not moving, (4) eyes closed and talking, (5) eyes closed and moving, (6) eyes closed and not moving at 15-second intervals during the first fifteen minutes of naptime. Data recorded in the "eyes closed and not moving" section of the observation form was used to determine the number of children asleep under each condition after 15 minutes of naptime. Results revealed no significant difference in the number of children asleep under the four naptime conditions. The rank order of the most to fewest number of children asleep under the four conditions was: story reading, silence, acapella singing and guitar playing.
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Date Issued: 2015
Identifier: FSU_2015fall_Pruitt_fsu_0071N_12985
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effects of Preferred Recorded Music and Preferred Live Music Provided as Procedural Support on Problem and Positive Behaviors of Individuals with Dementia during Assisted Bathing: A Pilot Study.
Creator: Hagerty, Laura, Darrow, Alice-Ann, Gregory, Sarah Dianne, Standley, Jayne M., Florida State University, College of Music, College of Music
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the effect of preferred recorded music versus preferred live music provided as procedural support by a music therapist on reducing problem behaviors and increasing positive behaviors exhibited by persons with dementia during bathing procedures. Carrying out bathing procedures with persons who have dementia has been identified as one of the most challenging tasks faced by caregivers. Persons with dementia often exhibit aggressive and hostile...
Show moreThe purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the effect of preferred recorded music versus preferred live music provided as procedural support by a music therapist on reducing problem behaviors and increasing positive behaviors exhibited by persons with dementia during bathing procedures. Carrying out bathing procedures with persons who have dementia has been identified as one of the most challenging tasks faced by caregivers. Persons with dementia often exhibit aggressive and hostile behaviors when engaged in bathing procedures with their caregivers. Because of the lack of previous research designed to address these problem behaviors, and the personal nature of bathing procedures, an experimental probe was carried out with five individuals in the later stages of dementia living in a nursing facility. The designated caregivers of these five individuals volunteered their loved ones to serve as participants in this pilot study. Participants were observed for a total of three showers: one with no music, one with recorded preferred music, and one with music therapy with live preferred music. During the three showers, the music therapist and the staff member administering the bath observed the durations of both problem and positive behaviors. Results were mixed among the five participants; though preferred live music was generally more effective than recorded preferred music or no music in reducing problem behaviors and increasing positive behaviors.
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Date Issued: 2015
Identifier: FSU_2015fall_Hagerty_fsu_0071N_12960
Format: Thesis

Title: Parkinson's Disease: A Neurologic Description and Music Therapy Clinical Curriculum.
Creator: Davis, Mary-Margaret Peyton, Standley, Jayne M., Darrow, Alice-Ann, Madsen, Clifford, College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Music therapy is an established healthcare profession with evidence-based, adaptive therapeutic applications providing a unique and valued role within the neurologic healthcare setting. Neuroscientific research in music is giving rise to new ideas, perspectives, and methods for the music therapy development of more effective therapeutic interventions for persons living with Parkinson's disease. Research in music therapy and in other areas such as neuroscience, physical, speech, and...
Show moreMusic therapy is an established healthcare profession with evidence-based, adaptive therapeutic applications providing a unique and valued role within the neurologic healthcare setting. Neuroscientific research in music is giving rise to new ideas, perspectives, and methods for the music therapy development of more effective therapeutic interventions for persons living with Parkinson's disease. Research in music therapy and in other areas such as neuroscience, physical, speech, and occupational therapy have established scientific evidence supporting the effect of rhythmic and musical stimulation on motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism. The contemporary music therapy neuroscience approach integrates the functional use of external rhythmic cueing and other music-based methods with a variety of research supported strategies to enhance the quality of life for the individual living with Parkinson's. This thesis provide a complete literature review, detailed description of Parkinson's disease and its symptoms, and an evidence-based music therapy curriculum for clinical treatment of this population. In fall 2008, a music therapy clinical pilot program was created and developed as a community outreach for persons living with Parkinson's disease. Music therapy curriculum evolved from this program which is currently on-going with a weekly consistent attendance. This music therapy clinical movement program entails a progression of simple to more complex movement initiations utilizing musical stimuli and external auditory cueing applied to a range of motor activities implemented at a specific number of beats per minute (BPM). Evidence-based activities include specific stretches and exercises to decrease rigidity, increase joint mobility, decrease bradykinesia and akinesia of gait initiation, and positively enhance mood. Motor-neuro exercises from the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) are also utilized. Patient preferred music is used to increase motivation to perform activity while improving fine motor coordination and motor initiation responses. Initial simple to complex movement patterns to specific rhythmic stimuli progress to structured ballroom dancing and adapted line dancing.
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Date Issued: 2010
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-0805
Format: Thesis

Title: Successful High School Band Programs in Low Socioeconomic Schools and High Socioeconomic Schools.
Creator: Deisler, Ann M., Kelly, Steven N., Bish, Deborah, Bowers, Judy K., Darrow, Alice-Ann, College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics that influence the success of high quality band programs in schools having a large proportion of economically disadvantaged students (LSES) and schools having a small proportion of economically disadvantaged students (HSES). Perceptions about the causes for success of the band program were examined, along with the relationship of perceptions among participants at schools having LSES and HSES status. Further examined were students'...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics that influence the success of high quality band programs in schools having a large proportion of economically disadvantaged students (LSES) and schools having a small proportion of economically disadvantaged students (HSES). Perceptions about the causes for success of the band program were examined, along with the relationship of perceptions among participants at schools having LSES and HSES status. Further examined were students' value of the music program in their lives along with the teachers' and principals' perceptions of the value of the music program for the students. High school students (n=414), band directors (n=10), and principals (n=10), rated thirty-two questions about perceptions for success of the band program using a seven-point Likert-type rating scale, rank-ordered a check-list of perceptions of the success of the band program, and rated twelve statements about the value of participation in band using a seven-point Likert-type rating scale. At the end of the questionnaire, many participants wrote comments indicating their perceptions. Results indicated students, teachers and principals perceived "Band director's high expectations" had the most influence on the success of the band program. Other characteristics with highest mean scores common to all three groups were, "Band director's knowledge," and "Tradition of success." Likewise, "Student private lessons" was perceived by all three groups to have very little influence on the success of the band program. Other characteristics within the lowest mean scores and common to the three groups were "Successful fundraisers," "Adequate funding," "Quality feeder schools (middle schools)," and "Other directors coming in to help." Students rated the statements "It has given me musical experiences" and "It has taught me musical skills," to most reflect the value of band in their lives, while band directors perceived "It teaches them life skills," as most reflective and principals perceived "It gives them a place to belong." Students perceived "It gives me a reason to come to come to school" as the least reflecting the value of band in their lives. Overall, students from LSES schools perceived most of the statements to reflect the value of band in their lives to a greater extent than the students from the HSES schools.
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Date Issued: 2011
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-0784
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effects of Patient Preferred Recorded Music versus Nonmusic on the Progress of Physical Rehabilitation in Sports Medicine.
Creator: Piercy, Sarah Elizabeth, Standley, Jayne M., Darrow, Alice-Ann, Gregory, Dianne, College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of preferred recorded music on heart rate, perceived pain and total exercise capacity during regular physical therapy exercises prescribed for sports related injuries. Subjects included 16 male and 10 female athletes who were referred by an orthopedic surgeon for Physical Therapy at the Tallahassee Orthopedic Sports Physical Therapy Clinic. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups, (a) physical therapy with music, and (b)...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of preferred recorded music on heart rate, perceived pain and total exercise capacity during regular physical therapy exercises prescribed for sports related injuries. Subjects included 16 male and 10 female athletes who were referred by an orthopedic surgeon for Physical Therapy at the Tallahassee Orthopedic Sports Physical Therapy Clinic. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups, (a) physical therapy with music, and (b) physical therapy without music. A two-sample, independent method of measurement was used. Pre-tests were completed on visit one and post-tests completed on visit four. Music was not used with any subject on visit one. Baseline measurements of each variable were recorded and subjects were randomly assigned to either the music group or the control group. The control group exercised for three sessions without music. The experimental group exercised for three sessions with music. The investigator returned on the fourth visit to record final measurements of heart rate, pain perception and total exercise capacity. Differences in post-test data between groups were then compared using the Mann-Whitney U Test. Results indicated no significant differences between groups; however, mean scores for post-test data show that subjects in the music group experienced similar heart rate averages, less pain and a greater increase in total capacity of exercise. Subject's verbal feedback indicated that music during exercise increased exercise enjoyment. Only two out of the 26 participants stated that music was not part of their regular exercise routine.
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Date Issued: 2008
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-0809
Format: Thesis

Title: A Replication of a Concise Emotional Inventory for an Adolescent Population.
Creator: Bailey, Christopher D., Madsen, Clifford, Standley, Jayne M., Fredrickson, William, Darrow, Alice-Ann, College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Adolescent emotions are constantly changing as new life experiences and freedoms begin to emerge from daily life activity. This study investigated the emotional attribution patterns of adolescents using a concise emotional inventory. The concise emotional inventory used in this study was taken from an original study conducted by Madsen, Madsen, and Madsen (2009) which assessed the emotional attribution patterns of college-aged students. The researcher modified the concise emotional inventory...
Show moreAdolescent emotions are constantly changing as new life experiences and freedoms begin to emerge from daily life activity. This study investigated the emotional attribution patterns of adolescents using a concise emotional inventory. The concise emotional inventory used in this study was taken from an original study conducted by Madsen, Madsen, and Madsen (2009) which assessed the emotional attribution patterns of college-aged students. The researcher modified the concise emotional inventory by changing questions to better suit the adolescent population. This slightly modified scale was then used with adolescents. The scale consisted of twenty three questions and each question was answered using an 11 point Likert scale. The scale on the inventory appeared as -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, covering a range from negative through positive response. The inventory concluded with a section that allowed each participant to organize their highest and lowest scores, analyze them, and determine if any further actions or improvements were necessary. In the present study, comparisons were made with sixth- through twelfth-grade students at a large school in Northern Florida (N = 250). Comparisons from the results of the present study and results from the original study (Madsen, Madsen, and Madsen, 2009), indicated that there were in general many similarities and several differences between the emotional states of adolescents compared to college-age students. Results of the current study indicated that when participants were asked to rate their current emotional state "this morning," participants displayed the lowest mean. Also, where participants were asked to rate their current emotional state regarding "future schooling," participants displayed the highest mean. Adolescent participants were able to recognize and analyze emotional attribution as well as determine if the results were trivial or consequential. Suggestions for beneficial uses of the instrument by educators and mental health professionals are discussed.
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Date Issued: 2011
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-0898
Format: Thesis

Title: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Effect of Video Modeling on Social Initiations to Engage in Traditional vs Musical Play.
Creator: Ra, Seung Hwan, Darrow, Alice-Ann, Gooding, Lori F., Gregory, Sarah Dianne, Florida State University, College of Music, College of Music
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of video modeling on social initiations by children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) to engage in traditional versus musical play. The researcher produced two video models. Video model one (VM-TT) demonstrated how to ask a peer to play with three traditional toys: ball, puppets, and crayon/paper. Video model two (VM-MT) demonstrated how to ask a peer to play with three musical instruments: egg shakers, small frame drums, and a large...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of video modeling on social initiations by children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) to engage in traditional versus musical play. The researcher produced two video models. Video model one (VM-TT) demonstrated how to ask a peer to play with three traditional toys: ball, puppets, and crayon/paper. Video model two (VM-MT) demonstrated how to ask a peer to play with three musical instruments: egg shakers, small frame drums, and a large gathering drum. VM-TT and VM-MT videos followed the basic video modeling format guidelines given in Video Modeling for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Practical Guide for Parents and Professionals (Murray & Noland, 2012). All the participants (N=10) in this study had a primary diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two alternating treatment designs: ABAC or ACAB. Condition A represents the baseline conditions; Condition B represents VM-TT; and Condition C represents VM-MT. The independent variables were video modeling to engage in play with traditional toys, and video modeling to engage in play with musical toys. The dependent variable for this study was the frequency of participants’ social initiations. Results indicated no significant difference in the mean number of participant social initiations between the baseline conditions and the VM-TT and VM-MT conditions; however, the VM-MT condition resulted in the highest mean number of participant social initiations. Furthermore, analysis of the data indicate the VM-MT condition resulted in the fewest mean number of participant prompts to initiate play.
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Date Issued: 2018
Identifier: 2018_Sp_Ra_fsu_0071N_14569
Format: Thesis

Title: Teacher Perceptions of Teaching Choral Music in Urban Schools.
Creator: Robinson, Gaylon, VanWeelden, Kimberly D., Thomas, André J. (André Jerome), Darrow, Alice-Ann, Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to explore choral music educators' perceptions of teaching in urban secondary schools as compared to teaching in rural and suburban public and charter schools to provide greater clarity to help prepare preservice music educators. The participants (N = 61) in this study were music educators teaching choral music in public/charter middle or high schools in the state of Tennessee during the 2018-2019 academic school year. The results indicated that parental...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to explore choral music educators' perceptions of teaching in urban secondary schools as compared to teaching in rural and suburban public and charter schools to provide greater clarity to help prepare preservice music educators. The participants (N = 61) in this study were music educators teaching choral music in public/charter middle or high schools in the state of Tennessee during the 2018-2019 academic school year. The results indicated that parental engagement was perceived as the greatest issue while administrative support was the least issue. The results also indicated the majority of participants believed urban schools better address classroom management issues and provides more school funding when compared to rural schools. Conversely, participants believe that rural schools provide more administrative support and parental support respectively compared to urban schools. For the results comparing urban schools to suburban schools, participants indicated they believe school funding, school climate, parental engagement, and administrative support are better addressed or provided for by suburban schools.
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Date Issued: 2019
Identifier: 2019_Summer_Robinson_fsu_0071E_15269
Format: Thesis

Title: Old Time Fiddling in Florida: Implications for Music Education.
Creator: Ivey, Aisha Suzanne, Madsen, Clifford K., Holzman, Bruce, Geringer, John M., Bugaj, Kasia, Darrow, Alice-Ann, Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: Florida has a rich history of traditional old time fiddling and the fiddle was the most popular musical instrument among early pioneers in Florida. Fiddlers were revered members of the community, often playing for social dances called frolics. Slaves that were brought from Africa mingled with settlers from Western Europe in the Southeastern United States, their different fiddle styles blending into a new genre of music that incorporated aspects of both cultures. Dances on plantations served...
Show moreFlorida has a rich history of traditional old time fiddling and the fiddle was the most popular musical instrument among early pioneers in Florida. Fiddlers were revered members of the community, often playing for social dances called frolics. Slaves that were brought from Africa mingled with settlers from Western Europe in the Southeastern United States, their different fiddle styles blending into a new genre of music that incorporated aspects of both cultures. Dances on plantations served as one of the few places where whites and African Americans socialized together. Fiddlers also played at home with their families, sharing music across generations. After the development of radio, musicians would often perform as part of live radio shows and record companies produced old time music recordings featuring fiddlers that influenced musicians near and far. Contests became popular after Henry Ford began promoting traditional dance and fiddling in the 1920s and 1930s and cities across Florida held contests or fiddlers conventions as part of community celebrations. The Future Farmers of America sponsored string bands which often included a fiddle player in the 1950s. The Florida Folk Festival has promoted traditional music and dance, featuring many fiddlers since its beginning in 1953. The Florida State Fiddlers Association holds the official state fiddle contest every year along with an annual convention that brings musicians together from all around the region. Further incorporation of traditional music in the curriculum could offer multiple advantages, including creating a more equitable learning experience for students.
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Date Issued: 2019
Identifier: 2019_Spring_Ivey_fsu_0071E_14989
Format: Thesis

Title: An Examination of Accessibility at the College of Music at a Large Southeastern University.
Creator: Hethcox, Jessica, Darrow, Alice-Ann, Standley, Jayne M., Gooding, Lori F. (Lori Fogus), Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to examine the accessibility of music concerts and venues at a College of Music at a large Southeastern university. The secondary purpose of the study was to investigate whether accessibility affects participants’ attendance at College of Music events. Members of a patron organization who are frequent attendees at College of Music events served as participants (N=48). Participants completed a questionnaire that included 16 items related to (a) participants’...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to examine the accessibility of music concerts and venues at a College of Music at a large Southeastern university. The secondary purpose of the study was to investigate whether accessibility affects participants’ attendance at College of Music events. Members of a patron organization who are frequent attendees at College of Music events served as participants (N=48). Participants completed a questionnaire that included 16 items related to (a) participants’ demographic information, (b) the accessibility of halls at the College of Music for people with physical disabilities, hearing loss, and vision loss, (c) accessibility of the box office and parking, and, (d) how accessibility affects participants’ concert attendance. Results indicated the majority of participants reported the halls at the College of Music were accessible for people with physical disabilities, hearing loss, and vision loss. Other findings were: (1) parking is the greatest challenge for participants when attending College of Music events, (2) the concert box office for purchasing tickets is accessible, (3) participants do not research information on accessibility before events; therefore, have little knowledge that accessibility information is available, (4) accessibility does not affect participants’ attendance at College of Music events; however, parking and accessibility of the drop off area for some halls discourages them from bringing older family members and friends for whom walking any distance is a challenge. These findings indicate participants perceive the College of Music’s accessibility efforts positively regarding their concert attendance.
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Date Issued: 2019
Identifier: 2019_Spring_Hethcox_fsu_0071N_15190
Format: Thesis

Title: A Study of the Musical Style of Elliott Carter's Piano Sonata (1945-46) and of Mei-Fang Lin's Disintegration and Mistress of the Labyrinth.
Creator: Wang, Yingying, Kalhous, David, Darrow, Alice-Ann, Dumlavwalla, Diana Teresa, Williams, Heidi Louise, Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this treatise, which is in two parts, is to investigate piano solo works of Elliott Carter and Mei-Fang Lin. Part I of the treatise focuses on American composer Elliott Carter and his Piano Sonata (1945-46). Part II discusses contemporary Taiwanese composer Mei-Fang Lin and her two solo piano works, Disintegration and Mistress of the Labyrinth. Elliot Carter’s Piano Sonata is a representative example of his distinctive modernist style. After his early works written largely in...
Show moreThe purpose of this treatise, which is in two parts, is to investigate piano solo works of Elliott Carter and Mei-Fang Lin. Part I of the treatise focuses on American composer Elliott Carter and his Piano Sonata (1945-46). Part II discusses contemporary Taiwanese composer Mei-Fang Lin and her two solo piano works, Disintegration and Mistress of the Labyrinth. Elliot Carter’s Piano Sonata is a representative example of his distinctive modernist style. After his early works written largely in Neoclassical idiom, Carter embarked on a new musical path in this work. His innovative approach to form, harmony, thematic design, metric elements, sound, and timing according to the common sonata structures differ significantly from the traditional approaches to this form. The compositional aesthetic of this work has become one of the hallmarks of American musical modernism, foreshadowing the compositional direction of piano sonatas in the latter half of the twentieth century. Carter’s music has known for his metrical complexity, in which metric modulation and polyrhythmic application largely emerged after 1948. The trademark is specifically launched in his Cello Sonata (1948). The 1945 piano sonata is the piece a few years earlier in which rhythmical complexity began to expose. In this treatise, I demonstrate the layer of rhythmical pulse through the method of thematic analysis, rather than merely focusing on metric modulation technique. In contrast to most scholarships that have a rigorous study for Carter’s eclectic deed on the fusion of European neoclassicism and American avant-garde, I discuss the composer’s new compositional approach in the Sonata. My analysis concentrates on specific innovative aspects that make the work unconventional, showing why Carter is one of the most important voices of American modernism. Part II of the treatise focuses on the contemporary Taiwanese composer Mei-Fang Lin’s two piano solo works, Disintegration and Mistress of the Labyrinth. Lin’s compositional aesthetic are intrinsically related to her educational background and cultural identity, and I show how this particular aesthetic is revealed in these two pieces. Lin’s musical language demonstrates a strong duality. On one hand, her European and American musical training imbued her music with an unmistakably Western voice. On the other hand, Lin’s studies of Eastern philosophy and traditional Chinese music infused her style with Eastern elements. My analysis illustrates how these two tendencies coexist in these two pieces.
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Date Issued: 2019
Identifier: 2019_Spring_WANG_fsu_0071E_15077_comp
Format: Set of related objects

Title: Musical Bridges to Inclusive Community: Promoting Neurodiversity Acceptance through Traditional Irish Music in Limerick, Ireland.
Creator: Carrico, Alexandria H. (Alexandria Heaton), Bakan, Michael B., Cripe, Juliann J. Woods, Eyerly, Sarah, Darrow, Alice-Ann, Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: This dissertation explores how the participatory and community-based practice of traditional Irish music, or trad, can provide a space for neurodivergent and neurotypical musicians to build relationships that challenge socially constructed notions of difference. Trad is a diverse set of genres that in many ways serves as a representation of Irish culture and heritage. Though multifaceted in its musical expression, at its heart this practice is a communal and participatory tradition. Nowhere...
Show moreThis dissertation explores how the participatory and community-based practice of traditional Irish music, or trad, can provide a space for neurodivergent and neurotypical musicians to build relationships that challenge socially constructed notions of difference. Trad is a diverse set of genres that in many ways serves as a representation of Irish culture and heritage. Though multifaceted in its musical expression, at its heart this practice is a communal and participatory tradition. Nowhere is this emphasis on communal musicking more present than in Irish music sessions, informal gatherings that take place mainly in pubs where musicians join together for an evening of music, dance, song, and good craic (fun). While some venues are more exclusive than others, sessions are community events, which welcome all people, regardless of age, musical background, or skill to participate, at least in theory. However, through my experience as a professional singer of traditional Irish music and bodhrán (Irish frame drum) player, I discovered that this culture of inclusivity did not extend to neurodivergent musicians. Though the community-based ethos of trad was conducive to neurodiverse musical engagement, few sessions included neurodivergent musicians, either in the United States or Ireland. In fact, there were no programs dedicated to teaching trad music to neurodivergent individuals, nor were there any outward efforts to involve them in session culture. This lacuna inspired this dissertation project, which provided an opportunity for neurodivergent adults to engage with neurotypical musicians from the community through traditional Irish music. Utilizing the neurodiversity paradigm, which views neurodivergence as a natural form of human diversity manifested through neurological heterogeneity, this project was established with the goal of breaking down stigma associated with disability and promoting neurodiversity acceptance through musical means. This research was conducted over the course of nine months in Limerick, Ireland. There I collaborated with the Brothers of Charity, Ireland’s largest disability service organization, and began my musical partnership with the Roselawn Rovers Return, a group of 14 young adults with a diverse range of neurodivergent identities, including Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC), Unspecified Neurodevelopmental Disorder (UNDD), and Down Syndrome, the latter of which is often identified within the intersecting category of intellectual disability. The project was divided into two phases: the workshops and the sessions. During the first phase of the project, the Rovers and I held weekly musical workshops in which we learned traditional Irish songs, exercised agency through collaborative musical decision-making, and created opportunities for personal expression through the establishment of individual performances. In the second phase of the project, the Rovers and I joined together with Cruinniú, a group of neurotypical musicians from the Limerick community, to host two collaborative sessions. This dissertation explores this process, chronicling the personal growth demonstrated by the Rovers throughout the workshops and the extent to which the collaborative sessions allowed the Rovers and Cruinníu to bridge neurodiverse-neurotypical gaps and to overturn misconceptions that existed about people with disabilities in Limerick. Central to this dissertation are the thoughts, experiences, and narratives of my collaborators, which are explored throughout the dissertation. To my knowledge, this activist-oriented project is the first of its kind to provide opportunities for neurodivergent musicians to engage in traditional Irish music sessions. As a newly created program, this dissertation contributes to the growing number of applied ethnomusicology projects aimed at addressing social justice issues through on-the-ground initiatives. Due to its success, this project serves as a model for future programs designed to connect diverse communities through participatory music genres; and due to its shortcomings and limitations, it provides an opportunity to critically assess the efficacy of musical ventures designed to bridge the neurotypical-neurodiverse divide.
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Date Issued: 2018
Identifier: 2019_Spring_Carrico_fsu_0071E_15003
Format: Thesis

Title: Sing with Me: A Survey to Guide Development of an In-Home Developmental Curriculum for Premature Infants Post-Discharge from a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.
Creator: Riling, Alison Faye, Gooding, Lori F. (Lori Fogus), Standley, Jayne M., Darrow, Alice-Ann, Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: According to 2017 CDC statistics (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), 1 in 10 infants in the United States are born prematurely. Preterm infants may demonstrate a delay in reaching developmental milestones due to extended hospitalization; however, developmental-based programs like music therapy may offset these delays. Limited research exists exploring follow-up services to offset developmental delays for infants admitted into the NICU upon discharge. The purpose of this study was to...
Show moreAccording to 2017 CDC statistics (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), 1 in 10 infants in the United States are born prematurely. Preterm infants may demonstrate a delay in reaching developmental milestones due to extended hospitalization; however, developmental-based programs like music therapy may offset these delays. Limited research exists exploring follow-up services to offset developmental delays for infants admitted into the NICU upon discharge. The purpose of this study was to survey current music therapists to determine the current needs in the NICU, as well as provide research to assist in the development of follow-up music therapy interventions post discharge. Twenty-eight board certified music therapists who have or currently do work in the NICU participated in an online survey. Participants' responses indicated that all participants completed NICU-MT training, with more than half reporting both having 1-3 years of experience as well as working with a minimum of 7 infants per week. The majority of the participants reported providing parent training in the NICU as well as educational resources prior to discharge. Lastly, the majority of participants responded in agreement regarding the potential benefit for follow-up music therapy services post-discharge.
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Date Issued: 2019
Identifier: 2019_Summer_Riling_fsu_0071N_15432
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effect of Music Therapy Interventions to Increase the Psychosocial Well-Being of Older Adults Living in Independent and Assisted Living Communities.
Creator: Sun, You Lee, Darrow, Alice-Ann, Gregory, Dianne, Standley, Jayne M., College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of group music therapy sessions on the psychosocial well-being of older adults living in assisted and independent living communities. Pre-and posttest was used in two different communities with twenty one participants who engaged in group music therapy sessions for eight consecutive weeks. All sessions included following interventions: music listening, singing, lyric analysis, and music-assisted movements. The researcher tested and compared...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of group music therapy sessions on the psychosocial well-being of older adults living in assisted and independent living communities. Pre-and posttest was used in two different communities with twenty one participants who engaged in group music therapy sessions for eight consecutive weeks. All sessions included following interventions: music listening, singing, lyric analysis, and music-assisted movements. The researcher tested and compared participants' life satisfaction, happiness, self-esteem, and social interaction by conducting and analyzing pre and posttests. The researcher also examined whether participants' demographic variables such as age and gender would influence their psychosocial well-being. Results indicated that there were significant effect of group music therapy sessions on their life satisfaction, self-esteem, and social interaction. Further analyses of participants' demographic variables on their psychosocial well-being showed that gender indicated significant influence on their self-esteem and social interaction. These findings of the present study have implicated that the group music therapy sessions may increase the level of psychosocial well-being of older adults living in independent and assisted living communities.
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Date Issued: 2012
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-5445
Format: Thesis

Title: An Examination of Therapeutic Approaches Employed by Music Therapists Servicing Children and Teens with Behavior Disorders.
Creator: Crump, Jessica, Darrow, Alice-Ann, Standley, Jayne M., Gregory, Dianne, College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to examine the therapeutic approaches employed by music therapists servicing children and teens with behavior disorders. The therapeutic approaches were examined in relation to: (a) the frequency of approaches (behavioral, analytical, Nordoff-Robbins, etc.) employed by music therapists, (b) the degree to which interventions employed by music therapists followed the research literature on evidence-based practice with children and teens who have behavior disorders,...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to examine the therapeutic approaches employed by music therapists servicing children and teens with behavior disorders. The therapeutic approaches were examined in relation to: (a) the frequency of approaches (behavioral, analytical, Nordoff-Robbins, etc.) employed by music therapists, (b) the degree to which interventions employed by music therapists followed the research literature on evidence-based practice with children and teens who have behavior disorders, (c) the degree to which therapists' approaches were influenced by their academic training (approach stressed by their university program) and by their professional identity (behaviorist, Nordoff-Robbins practitioner, etc.), and (d) the degree to which therapists' approaches influenced the goals they addressed, and (e) the degree to which therapists' approaches influenced the interventions they used with children and teens who have behavior disorders. Board-certified music therapists from the 2009 American Music Therapy Association Sourcebook who worked with children and teens with behavior disorders served as participants (N=114). Participants completed a 28-item questionnaire that addressed the five research questions and included items related to participants' demographic information, their education, therapeutic approaches, music therapy experiences, behavior disorder caseloads, music interventions, and non-music techniques. Results indicated that (1) the most frequently utilized approach was behavioral, followed closely by eclectic, (2) 79.40% of music therapists continued to follow the approach stressed by their university programs, (3) participants' professional approaches did not influence the social goals the music therapists addressed, though approaches may have influenced the other goals they addressed with children and teens who have behavior disorders, (4) participants in the present study employed therapeutic interventions that followed the research literature on effective practices with children and teens who have behavior disorders, and they also employed interventions that have yet to be studied by researchers, and (5) participants' therapeutic approaches influenced the interventions they employed with children and teens who have behavior disorders. These findings highlight the relationship between participants' education, their professional identity, and their approaches to servicing children and teens with behavior disorders. Additionally, results from this study identify interventions used by music therapists that follow the research literature on effective practices with children and teens who have behavior disorders; also identified are interventions that have yet to be examined by researchers.
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Date Issued: 2010
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-2974
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effect of Background Music and Song Texts on the Emotional Understanding of Children with Autism.
Creator: Katagiri, June, Darrow, Alice-Ann, Madsen, Clifford K., Standley, Jayne M., College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of background music and song texts to teach emotional understanding to children with autism. Participants were 12 students (mean age 11.5 years) with a primary diagnosis of autism who were attending schools in Japan. Each participant was taught four emotions to decode and encode: happiness, sadness, anger, and fear by the counterbalanced treatment-order. The treatment consisted of the four conditions: (1) no contact control (NCC)—no...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of background music and song texts to teach emotional understanding to children with autism. Participants were 12 students (mean age 11.5 years) with a primary diagnosis of autism who were attending schools in Japan. Each participant was taught four emotions to decode and encode: happiness, sadness, anger, and fear by the counterbalanced treatment-order. The treatment consisted of the four conditions: (1) no contact control (NCC)—no purposeful teaching of the selected emotion, (2) contact control (CC)—teaching the selected emotion using verbal instructions alone, (3) background music (BM)—teaching the selected emotion by verbal instructions with background music representing the emotion, and (4) singing songs (SS)—teaching the selected emotion by singing specially composed songs about the emotion. Participants were given a pretest and a posttest and received eight individual sessions between the pre- and posttests. Specific research questions were: (1) which of the four conditions (NCC, CC, BM, and SS) is the most effective in improving participants' understanding of the four selected emotions?; (2) the understanding of which emotion (happiness, sadness, anger, and fear) will be most improved by the intervention conditions?; (3) which receptive or expressive skill of emotional understanding will be most improved by the intervention conditions? The results indicated that all participants improved significantly in their understanding of the four selected emotions. All condition interventions resulted in significant improvements in participants' emotional understanding, though background music resulted in the greatest improvements. Understanding of the emotions of sadness, fear, and anger improved significantly more than the understanding of happiness. Participants' decoding skills were more improved by the intervention conditions than their encoding skills. These findings suggest that background music and song texts can be effective tools to increase emotional understanding in children with autism, which is crucial to their social interactions.
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Date Issued: 2007
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-3320
Format: Thesis

Title: A Survey of Music Therapists Working in Medical Hospitals.
Creator: Lam, Cho-Wai, Standley, Jayne M., Madsen, Clifford, Darrow, Alice-Ann, College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: While researchers have documented the clinical use of music in medical settings, little is known about music therapists working in this setting. The purpose of the present study was to examine the demographics, educational and clinical backgrounds, music therapy practice, and employment conditions of music therapists currently working in medical hospitals. A 50-item survey was designed and electronically mailed to music therapists (N = 199) identified by the American Music Therapy Association...
Show moreWhile researchers have documented the clinical use of music in medical settings, little is known about music therapists working in this setting. The purpose of the present study was to examine the demographics, educational and clinical backgrounds, music therapy practice, and employment conditions of music therapists currently working in medical hospitals. A 50-item survey was designed and electronically mailed to music therapists (N = 199) identified by the American Music Therapy Association (AMTA) as working in medical hospitals in 2006 and having valid electronic mail addresses. Forty-six respondents completed and returned the survey via either electronic mails (n = 35) or postal mails (n = 11). Results indicated that most respondents (97.8%) were Board-Certified and reported working a mean of 14 years in the music therapy profession. Respondents indicated diverse opinions concerning the influence of internship population choice on obtaining current employment as evidenced by large standard deviations. Respondents reported they participated (97.8%) and presented (78.3%) at music therapy conferences, conducted research in hospitals (43.5%), supervised interns (43.5%) and practica students (30.4%), and provided in-services at the hospitals (87%). Multiple funding sources for music therapy positions were indicated, with the majority of them (67.4%) were being funded by the hospital budget. Descriptive results concerning a music therapy practices and employment conditions in the medical settings were also presented and analyzed.
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Date Issued: 2007
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-3308
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effect of Music Therapy Songwriting on the Identification and Utilization of Short-Term Coping Strategies by Caregivers of Loved Ones with Alzheimer's Disease.
Creator: Ferguson, Rachel M., Darrow, Alice Ann, Standley, Jayne M., Gregory, Dianne, College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The purpose of present study was to examine the effect of a music therapy songwriting intervention on the identification and utilization of short-term coping strategies by caregivers of loved ones with Alzheimer's disease. Participants were referred by social workers at the Alzheimer's Project of Tallahassee, and then randomly assigned to either a control group or an experimental group. Participants in both groups received individual music therapy sessions. The control group (N=12) received...
Show moreThe purpose of present study was to examine the effect of a music therapy songwriting intervention on the identification and utilization of short-term coping strategies by caregivers of loved ones with Alzheimer's disease. Participants were referred by social workers at the Alzheimer's Project of Tallahassee, and then randomly assigned to either a control group or an experimental group. Participants in both groups received individual music therapy sessions. The control group (N=12) received music therapy/counseling sessions, and the experimental group (N=12) received music therapy sessions during which individualized songs were composed and recorded for participants. Participants were pre- and posttested using the Short-Term Coping Strategies Questionnaire. Pre- to posttest data indicated that both groups were able to identify and utilize more coping strategies at the posttest, although participants in the experimental group were able to identify and reported utilizing significantly more coping strategies pre- to posttest. However, when control and experimental group data were compared, there was no significant difference between the two groups' identification and utilization of coping strategies. In addition to the Short-Term Coping Strategies Questionnaire, participants in the experimental group completed the Music Therapy Songwriting Questionnaire. Data from this Questionnaire indicated that participants listened to their songs at least "once," and reviewed the lyrics to their songs "more than once" during a week period. Results of the present study indicate that individualized songwriting has promise as a useful music therapy intervention for individuals who are dealing with the stress of caring for loved ones with Alzheimer's disease.
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Date Issued: 2006
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-4478
Format: Thesis

Title: Application of Music Therapy Curriculum and Techniques Utilized by Music Therapists: A Survey of Hospice Music Therapists.
Creator: Wolverton, Mary Catherine, Standley, Jayne M., Madsen, Clifford, Gregory, Dianne, Darrow, Alice-Ann, College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Current research shows the numerous benefits of music therapy techniques within hospice settings. However, there is little research to show us how often these techniques are differentiated or employed within hospice settings. The purpose of this study is to examine how music therapists working in the hospice field apply music therapy techniques and how their education has prepared them to do so. A web-based survey was sent out via email to the 82 hospice music therapists who were members of...
Show moreCurrent research shows the numerous benefits of music therapy techniques within hospice settings. However, there is little research to show us how often these techniques are differentiated or employed within hospice settings. The purpose of this study is to examine how music therapists working in the hospice field apply music therapy techniques and how their education has prepared them to do so. A web-based survey was sent out via email to the 82 hospice music therapists who were members of the American Music Therapy Association (AMTA). Only 39 of these music therapists completed the survey, a return rate of 49%. Respondents reported the most commonly employed music therapy technique to be validation. They also indicated that they felt most prepared to use patient instrument play based on education emphasis in their college coursework. Musical repertoire building was shown to be the most helpful aspect of the music therapy curriculum that applied to clinical hospice practice. Survey results indicated a high demand for more curricular emphasis on the techniques of bereavement and grief counseling.
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Date Issued: 2012
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-5276
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effect of Improvisational Group Drumming versus General Music Therapy versus Activity Therapy on Mood, Session Behaviors and Transfer Behaviors of in-Patient Psychiatric Individuals.
Creator: Tague, Daniel B., Standley, Jayne M., Gussak, David, Madsen, Clifford, Darrow, Alice-Ann, Geringer, John, College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Individuals with mental illness are often diagnosed with mood symptoms in relation to a variety of disorders. Mood has been used as a measure of progress for patients recovering from mental and physical illness, but has also been examined in a variety of populations as an indicator for certain behaviors and treatment outcomes. The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate whether single-session facilitated improvisational group drumming will improve the mood of in-patient psychiatric...
Show moreIndividuals with mental illness are often diagnosed with mood symptoms in relation to a variety of disorders. Mood has been used as a measure of progress for patients recovering from mental and physical illness, but has also been examined in a variety of populations as an indicator for certain behaviors and treatment outcomes. The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate whether single-session facilitated improvisational group drumming will improve the mood of in-patient psychiatric individuals and increase socialization and positive behaviors observed on the unit. Group drumming was compared with a non-drumming general music therapy session and a non-music activity therapy group. Participants (N = 66) were male and female patients with serious mental illness assigned by convenient randomized sampling to one of three experimental groups. Mood data were collected pre and post by self-report using an adapted visual analog mood scale (VAMS). On-task and interaction behaviors during sessions were collected via observation of digital video, and transfer behaviors on the living unit were collected 30 minutes post session by trained hospital staff. The content of the three treatment sessions was designed to include five topics: cooperation, teamwork, friendliness, compliments and helpfulness. Each treatment protocol also incorporated role-play and direct instruction to encourage participants to demonstrate appropriate social interactions on the unit. The treatment protocols were created to allow for 35 minutes of activities during psychosocial education programming. Results from the modified VAMS survey indicated positive changes in mood for participants in all three treatment conditions although statistical analysis of the mean pretest and posttest scores showed no differences among groups. Results from the analysis of observations of participant behavior 30 minutes post treatment did not show significant differences between experimental groups, but participants from all three groups scored in positive numbers, indicating that they had been involved in positive behaviors on the unit after their participation in a treatment group with the greatest amount observed in the two music groups. Results from observations of interpersonal behaviors during treatment indicated that the mean percentages of social approval and neutral behaviors were also not significantly different by type of treatment. The mean percentage of on-task behaviors revealed that participants were more on task in the drumming and the music therapy treatment groups than in the activity therapy treatment groups, though differences were not statistically significant. This study was the first application of group drumming to be used for an entire treatment session in an acute psychiatric setting. This was also the first research trial to use drumming alone to influence the mood of in-patient psychiatric individuals. Results of this study indicate that a group drumming protocol can be successfully utilized as part of the psychosocial training program in a hospital setting, though analysis of the data also confirmed that general music therapy and activity therapy may be beneficial to the mood of patients. Implications for clinical use and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Date Issued: 2012
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-5220
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effect of Background Music, Speech and Silence on Office Workers' Selective Attention.
Creator: Speer, Shanna, Darrow, Alice-Ann, Standley, Jayne M., Gregory, Dianne, College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of background music, speech and silence on office workers' selective attention. Participants were 26 state office workers from a Southeastern state. A within-subject design was used with all participants completing five lines of the d2 Test of Attention (Brickenkamp & Zillmer, 1998) under each of the background conditions: music, speech, and silence. Results indicated that participants completed the greatest number of test items and received...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of background music, speech and silence on office workers' selective attention. Participants were 26 state office workers from a Southeastern state. A within-subject design was used with all participants completing five lines of the d2 Test of Attention (Brickenkamp & Zillmer, 1998) under each of the background conditions: music, speech, and silence. Results indicated that participants completed the greatest number of test items and received the highest concentration scores under the music condition, though there was no significant difference for either of these scores under any of the conditions. Participants made the greatest number of errors under the silence condition, though the difference in number of errors was not significant for any of the three conditions. A secondary purpose of this study was to determine if participants' perceptions of their distractibility and productivity differed from their actual scores on the d2 Test of Attention. Among participants who believed music made them more productive and was not a distracter, participants completed more items under the music condition than under the speech or silence conditions. Participants who believed music was a distracter completed the fewest items under the music condition, indicating that participants had realistic assumptions about the effect of music on their abilities to attend to a task. The results of this study have implications for the use of music in the workplace and employees' productivity.
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Date Issued: 2011
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-5196
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effects of Recorded Lullabies on Infants Receiving Phototherapy.
Creator: Strutzel, Michelle R., Standley, Jayne M., Gregory, Dianne, Darrow, Alice-Ann, College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of recorded lullabies on infants undergoing phototherapy. Infants undergo phototherapy to treat hyperbilirubinemia, more commonly known as neonatal jaundice. This study was a pre-test post-test design with participants (N=24) randomized by gender into two groups (n=6 males, 6 females per group), experimental and control. The music intervention consisted of 20 minutes of recorded lullabies at a random time in the morning and afternoon....
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to explore the effects of recorded lullabies on infants undergoing phototherapy. Infants undergo phototherapy to treat hyperbilirubinemia, more commonly known as neonatal jaundice. This study was a pre-test post-test design with participants (N=24) randomized by gender into two groups (n=6 males, 6 females per group), experimental and control. The music intervention consisted of 20 minutes of recorded lullabies at a random time in the morning and afternoon. Dependent variables included bilirubin levels, days of hospitalization and phototherapy, behavioral observation on crying, a nurse survey on infant behavior state, and a post treatment parent survey on infant characteristics. A two-tailed Mann Whitney U test revealed that the experimental group had significantly greater scores for the average rating of behavior state as measured by nurse surveys. No significant differences were found on any of the other measures either by group or by gender. Implications for future research are discussed.
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Date Issued: 2012
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-5209
Format: Thesis

Title: Mothers' Singing to Fetuses: The Effect of Music Education.
Creator: Sirak, Candice, Standley, Jayne M., Darrow, Alice-Ann, Gregory, Diane, Madsen, Clifford, College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Most mothers would agree that music is a tool they use to calm their baby. Many mothers even use music prenatally for bonding as well as relaxation. The purpose of this study was to discover if having had at least four years of music education during the school years had an effect on whether or not mothers sang to their baby prenatally and if singing prenatally has any effect on the infant's temperament. Volunteer mothers were asked to fill out an on-line questionnaire. The research concluded...
Show moreMost mothers would agree that music is a tool they use to calm their baby. Many mothers even use music prenatally for bonding as well as relaxation. The purpose of this study was to discover if having had at least four years of music education during the school years had an effect on whether or not mothers sang to their baby prenatally and if singing prenatally has any effect on the infant's temperament. Volunteer mothers were asked to fill out an on-line questionnaire. The research concluded that having at least four years of music education did not affect whether or not the mother sang to her baby prenatally but that mother's age and income level were correlated (younger mothers and those in a lower income bracket were more likely to sing prenatally). Singing prenatally did significantly affect the mothers' perception of infant temperament. Infants who were sung to during pregnancy were perceived to be more calm overall, but they did not calm significantly faster than infants who were not sung to during pregnancy. It was found that mothers chose to sing popular music almost as often as lullabies. This information could be helpful to music therapists in implementing a prenatal music therapy program.
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Date Issued: 2012
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-5186
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effects of Original Songwriting in Music Therapy Sessions on the Hospice Experience and Bereavement Process of Patients and Their Families.
Creator: Anderson, Jill C., Standley, Jayne M., Darrow, Alice-Ann, Gregory, Dianne, College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects that music therapy, and songwriting in particular, have on the family members of hospice patients. Participants (N=8) were chosen from an available group of families who experienced songwriting in hospice care, whether the patient wrote all or part of a song, or the family wrote a song about the patient. Individual interviews were conducted with each participant, and each participant answered a series of questions regarding their hospice...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects that music therapy, and songwriting in particular, have on the family members of hospice patients. Participants (N=8) were chosen from an available group of families who experienced songwriting in hospice care, whether the patient wrote all or part of a song, or the family wrote a song about the patient. Individual interviews were conducted with each participant, and each participant answered a series of questions regarding their hospice experience, their perception of their loved one's experience, their bereavement, and their experience with music therapy. Results showed that families found hospice overall to be a very positive experience, and that music therapy played a large role in all their perceptions of hospice care. All participants initiated discussion of music therapy and their family's song early in the interview, and all had many positive things to say about the music therapist, the song, and the meaning the song had for them and their family. In the majority of cases, the song written in music therapy was played at the memorial or funeral service. Other common themes noted were that for many, the song sent a message, embodied their loved one, or gave their loved one a sense of purpose. Many of the participants knew nothing or little of music therapy prior to their experience in hospice, and they all found it to be rewarding, and much more involved than they expected. Many of the participants still listen to the song, although a few indicated that it was difficult for them or that they could not listen to it yet. However, they all said that the song has a special meaning for them.
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Date Issued: 2012
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-4692
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effect of Song Rendition on Participation and Behavior States of Older Adults with Alzheimer's Disease.
Creator: Harmon, Brittany, Darrow, Alice-Ann, Gregory, Dianne, Standley, Jayne M., College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of song rendition on the behavioral states and participation levels of older adults with dementia of the Alzheimer's type. A within-subject design was used with participants receiving individual sessions under three experimental song conditions: live music, therapists' recordings, and original artists' recordings. All sessions were videotaped for analysis and coded to measure participants': 1) time spent in the alert behavior states...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of song rendition on the behavioral states and participation levels of older adults with dementia of the Alzheimer's type. A within-subject design was used with participants receiving individual sessions under three experimental song conditions: live music, therapists' recordings, and original artists' recordings. All sessions were videotaped for analysis and coded to measure participants': 1) time spent in the alert behavior states according to the behavioral state coding system (Guess et al., 1990) and 2) kind and level of participation during the three song renditions. Results indicated that there was no significant difference among the three song renditions on eliciting and maintaining participants' preferred-awake states. Further analysis of conditions and participants' cognitive levels revealed that participants with medium and low cognitive levels sustained a higher percentage of time in alert states than those with a high cognitive level during the live music condition. Additionally, those with a middle cognitive level sustained a higher percentage of time in alert states than those with a low cognitive level during the no music condition. Independent observers' participation ratings revealed a significantly higher participation level of tapping hands and feet during the live music condition than during the therapist's recordings or original artists' recordings. These findings have implications for the use of live and recorded music as nonverbal forms of communication for adults diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease.
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Date Issued: 2011
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-4264
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effects of Auditory Distraction on Memory with Verbal Recall.
Creator: Gobin, Mitra D., Standley, Jayne M., Darrow, Alice-Ann, Madsen, Clifford, College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of auditory distraction on working memory by using verbal recall with a sentence repetition test of 22 sentences. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups: the control group (Group A, n = 20), and three experimental groups (Group B, n=20; Group C, n=20, and Group D, n=20). Participants in each group listened to prerecorded sentences and had six seconds in which to repeat the sentence. While the control group had no...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of auditory distraction on working memory by using verbal recall with a sentence repetition test of 22 sentences. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups: the control group (Group A, n = 20), and three experimental groups (Group B, n=20; Group C, n=20, and Group D, n=20). Participants in each group listened to prerecorded sentences and had six seconds in which to repeat the sentence. While the control group had no additional stimuli present, Group B was exposed to their preferred genre of music in the background, Group C was exposed to their least preferred genre of music, and Group D was exposed to competing speech in the background. Prior to testing, participants reported on music preferences. Following testing, participants hearing music indicated familiarity of the pieces and self-perceived performance based on the distracters. Using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), no statistically significant differences were found among any groups (SCORE x GROUP), F(3) = 0.587; p > 0.05. The disparity of non-native English speaking participants among groups may have resulted in possible confounding, although overt comprehension of sentences was not being tested. Perceived performance enhancement was evident in the group exposed to their preferred genre of music as a distracter, despite the fact that actual performance was no different from the other groups. Such perceived enhancement lends itself to support an arousal theory of at least self-perceived enhancement. It is theorized that the age of participants (mean age of 23.6 years old) may in fact be an optimal period of resistance to distracters, regardless of type of distracter. Further investigation into more specialized groups with known deficits, such as patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type with identifiable neurological deficits, may lead to greater differences in auditory distraction using music preference and competing speech.
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-4231
Format: Thesis

Title: An Analysis of Double Bass Vibrato: Rates, Widths, and Pitches as Influenced by Pitch Height, Fingers Used, and Tempo.
Creator: Mick, James Paul, Darrow, Alice-Ann, Punter, Melanie, Geringer, John, Kelly, Steven, College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the rates, widths, and pitches of university double bass players' vibrato in relation to pitch height, fingers used, and tempo. Forty (N = 40) undergraduate and graduate double bass players were individually recorded performing three music exercises that were used for analyses. Each exercise was comprised of three identical excerpts that were transposed for first, fourth, and thumb positions. Excerpts in first and fourth positions utilized fingers...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the rates, widths, and pitches of university double bass players' vibrato in relation to pitch height, fingers used, and tempo. Forty (N = 40) undergraduate and graduate double bass players were individually recorded performing three music exercises that were used for analyses. Each exercise was comprised of three identical excerpts that were transposed for first, fourth, and thumb positions. Excerpts in first and fourth positions utilized fingers 1, 2, and 4, while excerpts in thumb position utilized fingers 1, 2, and 3. The overall mean vibrato rate and width of university double bass students in this study was 5.17 Hz and 19 cents. A comparison of the vibrato rates and widths of participants' 1st and 2nd fingers revealed that the 2nd finger (5.22 Hz, 21 cents) used both significantly faster and wider vibrato than the 1st finger (5.07 Hz, 18 cents). Additionally, the descriptive data from this study revealed that the 3rd and 4th fingers vibrated faster than both the 1st and 2nd fingers, and they had a wider vibrato width than the 1st finger, but a narrower width than the 2nd finger. The 3rd finger had the overall fastest recorded vibrato rate for any finger in any position. Analysis of vibrato data also indicated that university double bassists use significantly faster vibrato rates as they perform in progressively higher registers. When comparing the combined mean vibrato rates of the 1st and 2nd fingers, participants vibrated at 4.88 Hz in first position, 5.06 Hz in fourth position, and 5.50 Hz in thumb position. Vibrato widths also increased with pitch register. Mean vibrato widths in first position (16 cents) were significantly narrower than mean vibrato widths in both fourth position (21 cents) and thumb position (22 cents). Tempo also significantly affected mean vibrato rates and width. Musical examples played with a fast tempo were faster and wider (5.35 Hz, 20 cents) than musical examples played with a slow tempo (4.94 Hz, 19 cents). Additionally, analysis indicated that university double bassists vibrate almost equally above and below the in-tune pitch. Using the descriptive data for all fingers in all position, the total difference found between mean pitches of vibrated and non-vibrated tones was 1 cent. Music educators can use these results to create more consistent descriptions of double bass vibrato, and potentially, more efficient methods for teaching vibrato.
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Date Issued: 2012
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-5036
Format: Thesis

Title: Music Therapy in Pediatric Interdisciplinary Clinics.
Creator: Littlefield, Andrew, Standley, Jayne M., Madsen, Clifford, Darrow, Alice-Ann, College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect, if any, receiving music therapy services has on the satisfaction level and consumer behavior of clients at pediatric interdisciplinary clinics. Pediatric interdisciplinary clinic was defined as a clinic primarily serving clients under the age of 18 and offering at least two of the following allied health services: physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech-language pathology, behavior therapy, music therapy, art therapy, feeding...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect, if any, receiving music therapy services has on the satisfaction level and consumer behavior of clients at pediatric interdisciplinary clinics. Pediatric interdisciplinary clinic was defined as a clinic primarily serving clients under the age of 18 and offering at least two of the following allied health services: physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech-language pathology, behavior therapy, music therapy, art therapy, feeding therapy, or tutoring/academic support. Parents and guardians of clients receiving services at three clinics located in the states of Florida, Georgia, and Texas were surveyed using a combination of printed and online questionnaires (N = 42). Participants were divided into two groups: those who receive music therapy services and those who do not. Satisfaction levels and consumer behavior predictors were compared between the two groups. A two sample t-test for independent samples was used to analyze the results. On two of the survey items, music therapy significantly reduced satisfaction levels of clients at pediatric interdisciplinary clinics. Music therapy did not significantly improve satisfaction levels on any survey item. Though not significant, music therapy clients reported higher levels of satisfaction with four clinic services (billing services, art therapy, behavior therapy, and academic instruction/tutoring), the price paid for services at the clinic, the cleanliness and organization of the clinic space, as well as consumer behavior survey items (likelihood to continue services, likelihood to recommend services to others). Despite these findings, mean scores for all groups on all survey items indicate high levels of satisfaction. Implications of these results are discussed, as well as suggested future research.
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Date Issued: 2012
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-4996
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effects of Multicultural Music Instruction on the Perception of Authenticity and Preference for Teaching Multicultural Music.
Creator: Knapp, David Harrison, Kelly, Steven, Moore, Christopher, Madsen, Clifford, Darrow, Alice-Ann, College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this mixed-method study was to examine the relationship between undergraduate music education students' multicultural music training, perceptions of authenticity of multicultural music, and preferences for teaching multicultural music. Students from selected universities (N = 71) listened to 16 excerpts of multicultural music and rated their perception of authenticity on a 4-point scale, and their preference for teaching the excerpt on a 7-point scale. Results demonstrated no...
Show moreThe purpose of this mixed-method study was to examine the relationship between undergraduate music education students' multicultural music training, perceptions of authenticity of multicultural music, and preferences for teaching multicultural music. Students from selected universities (N = 71) listened to 16 excerpts of multicultural music and rated their perception of authenticity on a 4-point scale, and their preference for teaching the excerpt on a 7-point scale. Results demonstrated no differences in the perceptions of authenticity or preferences for teaching multicultural music between students who had taken a world music course and those who had not. Authenticity and preference responses were examined for a relationship. An analysis of variance demonstrated significant differences in preference ratings between excerpts of different authenticity ratings. Additionally, the perception of authenticity was found to be a significant predictor of preference. Qualitative data generally supported quantitative results. Students believed authenticity affected their preferences for teaching multicultural music and that they lacked the multicultural training necessary to make decisions about authenticity. Free response data also revealed that students relate authenticity to several other characteristics, including instrumentation, rhythm, language, performance, and other musical qualities. These characteristics are similar to those outlined by Volk (1998) in her four categories of authenticity.
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Date Issued: 2012
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-4954
Format: Thesis

Title: The History of the Indiana University Singing Hoosiers Choral Ensemble.
Creator: Fisher, Roland, Thomas, André, Hoekman, Timothy, Darrow, Alice Ann, Fenton, Kevin, College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: For nearly sixty years, the Indiana University Singing Hoosiers have brought the genre of American Popular Song to audiences in Europe, Asia, Australia, Central America, the Bahamas, and all around the United States. This study documents the development of The Singing Hoosiers out of the Indiana University Men's Concert Choir in 1950, through their performance at the Indiana Inaugural Ball in January, 2009. The study identifies: 1) the philosophy and purpose of the Indiana University Singing...
Show moreFor nearly sixty years, the Indiana University Singing Hoosiers have brought the genre of American Popular Song to audiences in Europe, Asia, Australia, Central America, the Bahamas, and all around the United States. This study documents the development of The Singing Hoosiers out of the Indiana University Men's Concert Choir in 1950, through their performance at the Indiana Inaugural Ball in January, 2009. The study identifies: 1) the philosophy and purpose of the Indiana University Singing Hoosiers, and what events led to its organization and development; 2) the administrative structure of the Indiana University Singing Hoosiers; 3) the directors of the Indiana University Singing, Hoosiers, and their musical backgrounds, professional backgrounds, and contributions to The Singing Hoosiers; 4) the origins of the annual concerts, such as the Chimes of Christmas and the Spring Concert, and how they have developed; 5) the development of frequent road shows and longer tours of The Singing Hoosiers; and 6) programmed choral literature for the Indiana University Singing Hoosiers. The Men's Glee Club at Indiana University, founded in 1893, was renamed the Men's Concert Choir by the fall of 1948. Beginning in 1948, George Krueger directed the Men's Concert Choir, which was renamed The Singing Hoosiers in 1950. By 1952, The Singing Hoosiers and newly founded Hoosier Queens began a series of tours with the U.S.O. (United Service Organizations), who sent them twice to the Far East, twice to Europe, once to Greenland and the North Atlantic region, twice to the Caribbean, and to military bases around the United States. The Singing Hoosiers also performed on "road shows" throughout Indiana, as frequently as 100 shows in an academic year. The Singing Hoosiers frequently served as the opera chorus at the university, performing in productions of Carmen, Faust, Boris Gudunov, and Parsifal. In 1963, Robert Stoll assumed the directorship of The Singing Hoosiers, and envisioned the ensemble as a concert show choir. He redesigned the road show in the musical form of a Broadway show, adding more complex movement to the select Varsity Singers, who performed in front of the traditional ensemble. By 1964, The Singing Hoosiers had begun to perform two annual concerts, named the Chimes of Christmas and the Spring Concert, respectively. Beginning in 1967, The Singing Hoosiers performed variety shows at Indiana University for Homecoming and the Little 500 with people such as Bob Hope and Al Cobine. From 1973 through 2009, The Singing Hoosiers frequently performed with symphonic orchestras, specifically the Cincinnati Pops Orchestra under the direction of Erich Kunzel. In cooperation with Kunzel, The Singing Hoosiers have released six recordings with Telarc Records, two which were nominated for Grammies. In 1995, Michael Schwartzkopf became the third and current director of The Singing Hoosiers. Under his direction, The Singing Hoosiers sang with the Cincinnati Pops and Mel Tormé in a Christmas program, which first aired on the Public Broadcasting Service on December 24, 1995. In January, 2009, The Singing Hoosiers performed at the Indiana Inaugural Ball. This study concludes that the purposes of The Singing Hoosiers directly related to the purposes of Indiana University. Throughout its history, The Singing Hoosiers has served as Indiana University's "Ambassadors of Song." This has led Indiana University officials to continue to support the activities of The Singing Hoosiers.
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Date Issued: 2009
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-4451
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effect of Background Music on Reading Comprehension and Self-Report of College Students.
Creator: Gillis, Amanda, Standley, Jayne M., Gregory, Dianne, Darrow, Alice-Ann, College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The study investigated the effects of background music on reading comprehension skills of college students. Seventy-one participants read a health related article in one of three conditions: silence, music with lyrics, and music without lyrics. After reading the article, participants completed a demographic questionnaire. Participants in the music conditions completed an additional music questionnaire. To test reading comprehension, participants were asked to answer five multiple choice and...
Show moreThe study investigated the effects of background music on reading comprehension skills of college students. Seventy-one participants read a health related article in one of three conditions: silence, music with lyrics, and music without lyrics. After reading the article, participants completed a demographic questionnaire. Participants in the music conditions completed an additional music questionnaire. To test reading comprehension, participants were asked to answer five multiple choice and five true/false questions pertaining to the reading. It was hypothesized that participants in the silence condition would perform better than participants in the music condition. Results indicated that there were no significant differences among groups.
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Date Issued: 2010
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-4286
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effects of Music Therapy on Feelings of Hopelessness and Personal Control for Women Affected by Domestic Violence.
Creator: Rushing, Jessica L., Standley, Jayne M., Darrow, Alice-Ann, Gregory, Dianne, College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of music therapy in a single session on feelings of hopelessness, feelings of personal control, and change in emotions for women with histories of domestic violence. This study also looked at emotional states prior to and after a music therapy session, thematic material derived from songwriting, and assessed the use of the Action Step Checklist handout in relation to problem solving and goal-setting. Women seeking shelter services (n = 12...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to determine the effects of music therapy in a single session on feelings of hopelessness, feelings of personal control, and change in emotions for women with histories of domestic violence. This study also looked at emotional states prior to and after a music therapy session, thematic material derived from songwriting, and assessed the use of the Action Step Checklist handout in relation to problem solving and goal-setting. Women seeking shelter services (n = 12) and women residing in a state Correctional Institution (CI) (n = 8) served as participants. This research was comprised of two studies: Study A (women in the shelter) and Study B (women at the CI). The same design was utilized for both studies. Data were collected immediately prior to a music therapy session and immediately after the session for the Hopelessness Scale (HS) (Beck, Weissman, Lester, & Trexler, 1974) and the Personal Control and Emotional State Questionnaire (PCESQ). Participants filled out a demographic questionnaire prior to the group and the Response to Music Therapy after the group. An Action Step Checklist was completed once during the music therapy group and as a one-week follow-up for available participants. Participants wrote all songs used for analysis during the music therapy session. A Mann Whitney-U test (α= .05) was run for HS and PCESQ and showed no statistical significance between pre and posttest measures. All measures, with the exception of the follow-up Actions Step Checklist in study B, showed positive gains between pre and posttest, though not significant. Participants were found to have low levels of hopelessness, high levels of personal control, and displayed positive emotions. The Action Step Checklist determined that participants had completed an average of three to five out of seven steps, both at initial completion and at the one-week follow-up. Prominent themes found in song-writing analysis included self-knowledge/awareness/acceptance, strength/innate power, and courage/confidence. Response to the Music Therapy Questionnaire revealed that a single music therapy session had positive effects on motivation, comfort, personal decisions, decisions of the future, and desire to take action-steps. The strongest effect of music therapy in Study A was on desire to take action steps. The strongest effect of music therapy in Study B was on feelings of motivation. Results from this study suggest that participants were able to verbalize and recognize their own strength and courage through a single music therapy session focused on belief in personal control and problem solving.
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Date Issued: 2009
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-1940
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effect of Choral Conductor Intensity on the Perception of Teacher Effectiveness.
Creator: Redding, Jeffery B., Madsen, Clifford, Jimenez, Alex, Darrow, Alice-Ann, Thomas, André, College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This study is a replication and extension of Madsen's (1999) study, The Effect of Accurate/Inaccurate Teacher Instruction, High/Low Teacher Delivery, and On/Off-Task Student Behavior on Musicians' Evaluation of Teacher Effectiveness. The primary focus of this investigation was to determine the effect of accurate/inaccurate teacher instruction, high/low teacher delivery and on/off-task student behavior on perceptions of teaching effectiveness. Participants (N=210) were experienced classroom...
Show moreThis study is a replication and extension of Madsen's (1999) study, The Effect of Accurate/Inaccurate Teacher Instruction, High/Low Teacher Delivery, and On/Off-Task Student Behavior on Musicians' Evaluation of Teacher Effectiveness. The primary focus of this investigation was to determine the effect of accurate/inaccurate teacher instruction, high/low teacher delivery and on/off-task student behavior on perceptions of teaching effectiveness. Participants (N=210) were experienced classroom music teachers (n=30), experienced classroom non-music teachers (n=30), undergraduate music majors (n=30), and students in grades 9-12 currently involved in classroom music instruction (n=120; 30 per grade). The participants observed and rated a stimulus video that included eight teaching segments. The investigator created the video segments with approximately 50 high school choral students to simulate various choral rehearsal settings. Each segment was executed by the teacher and students according to one of eight original scripted music lessons. Every script included a different combination of the three independent variables: either accurate/ inaccurate instruction, high/low teacher delivery, and on/off-task student behavior. The data were collected using the Effective Teaching Response Form, which asked participants to rate each teaching segment for overall teaching effectiveness on a 10-point Likert scale and to provide three comments for each rating as to why the numerical value was assigned for each segment. Results indicated significant differences due to both teaching experience level and teaching segments. There was also a significant interaction among the seven groups across teaching segments. Further examination of the groups' overall mean ratings and evaluative comments indicated that: (1) teacher delivery affected the overall response ratings of the participants more so than the other variables; (2) the response ratings of the experienced music teachers were affected most by the accuracy of instruction; (3) on/off-task student behavior affected the evaluations of the younger high school students more than any other group; (4) the experienced non-music teachers were relatively unaware of the accuracy of instruction; and (5) the negative variables (inaccurate instruction, low delivery, and off-task student behavior) affected the evaluations of the college music majors and experienced music teachers more so than the positive variables (accurate instruction, high delivery, and on-task student behavior).
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Date Issued: 2011
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-1917
Format: Thesis

Title: Music Therapy for School-Aged Individuals with Varying Exceptionalities: A Content Analysis (1975-2009).
Creator: Klein, Sarah B., Darrow, Alice-Ann, Standley, Jayne M., Gregory, Dianne, College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to analyze the contents of experimental research from 1975 – 2009 in the field of music therapy that involved school-aged children with varying exceptionalities. Sixty-four published and unpublished studies met criteria for inclusion and were catalogued and coded for the following characteristics: type of source, total number of participants, population, age range, research design, duration of study, presentation of music, non-musical objective, method of...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to analyze the contents of experimental research from 1975 – 2009 in the field of music therapy that involved school-aged children with varying exceptionalities. Sixty-four published and unpublished studies met criteria for inclusion and were catalogued and coded for the following characteristics: type of source, total number of participants, population, age range, research design, duration of study, presentation of music, non-musical objective, method of evaluation, intervention strategies used, and effectiveness. The content analysis revealed that 62.5% of the 64 included studies reported that music therapy was significantly effective in meeting non-musical objectives set for participants in the research studies. Almost all of these studies reported a level of significance better than .05. Another 14.3% of the studies reported that interventions were effective, but did not cite a level of significance; 6.3% were effective, though not significantly so; 3.2% reported effectiveness anecdotally, but did not offer statistical significance. Interventions that were not effective accounted for 14.3% of the total. There were no clear trends in interventions that produced significant results versus those that were found not to be effective. A wide variety of strategies were used, including background music, mood-inducing music, music as a mnemonic device or instructional tool, musical antecedents, and music used as a contingency or to facilitate structure. Musical activities included singing, playing instruments, moving to music, listening to music, songwriting, using sign language with music, and musical games. Results of this content analysis support the use of music therapy in schools to address the educational objectives of children and youth with special needs.
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Date Issued: 2010
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-2823
Format: Thesis

Title: The Use of One Week's Time Among Specific Groups of College Students: Music Majors, Non-Music Majors, and Marching Band Participants.
Creator: Cumberledge, Jason P., Dunnigan, Patrick, Meighan, Patrick, Darrow, Alice-Ann, Kelly, Steven N., Madsen, Clifford K., Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this research was to investigate the time usage skills of undergraduate students in college marching band. Specifically, this study investigated and compared the time usage of collegiate marching band members, music majors, and non-music undergraduate students. Participants (N = 80) were undergraduate students at a large southern university in the United States. Data were collected through a researcher-designed time log. Using the time log, participants recorded hourly...
Show moreThe purpose of this research was to investigate the time usage skills of undergraduate students in college marching band. Specifically, this study investigated and compared the time usage of collegiate marching band members, music majors, and non-music undergraduate students. Participants (N = 80) were undergraduate students at a large southern university in the United States. Data were collected through a researcher-designed time log. Using the time log, participants recorded hourly activities for one week. Time logs provided a simple format for participants to easily and quickly record activities in several categories. The time log also contained a series of several demographic questions. Results of this study indicated that non-marching band students had more free time than marching band students. Non-marching band participants allocated more time for leisure-related activities than marching band participants. Compared to other activities, results indicated that participants spent the most time sleeping and engaged in leisure related activities. These results are consistent with related research, which found that people spend most of their time sleeping and in leisure. Although this study occurred during homecoming weekend, marching band students appeared to have adequate time to study, even with the sizeable amount of weekly rehearsals and weekend performances. Marching band students used more of their free time to study and complete homework compared to non-marching band students who chose to watch TV or socialize with friends. Non-marching band music majors devoted more time to practice than marching band music majors; however, total instrumental playing time was significantly greater for marching band music majors. Results also indicated that the opinions of others, such as parents and high school guidance counselors, may have influenced college students' decision to enroll in marching band. Further results indicated that students not enrolled in marching band may not use marching band rehearsal hours for academic-related activities. Marching band students appeared to use their free time more effectively than non-marching band students, choosing to study and complete homework, rather than engaging in leisure activities. Further research should continue to identify time usage challenges for college marching band members to further understand the process used by those students to make time use decisions.
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Date Issued: 2015
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-9585
Format: Thesis

Title: Lera Auerbach's 24 Preludes for Violin and Piano, Op. 46: Unity and Musical Narrative.
Creator: Hain, Kimberly, Jimenez, Alexander, Darrow, Alice-Ann, Stillwell, Corinne, Sauer, Greg, College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This treatise identifies elements of large-scale unity in Lera Auerbach's 24 Preludes for Violin and Piano, Op. 46. The prelude genre has evolved through history from its use as an introductory piece into a piece with diverse styles and forms. Largely due to the impact of Chopin's 24 Preludes, Op. 28, composers began composing preludes as short independent character pieces that were meant to stand alone. Chopin's was the first collection of 24 preludes that seemed to make more sense as a...
Show moreThis treatise identifies elements of large-scale unity in Lera Auerbach's 24 Preludes for Violin and Piano, Op. 46. The prelude genre has evolved through history from its use as an introductory piece into a piece with diverse styles and forms. Largely due to the impact of Chopin's 24 Preludes, Op. 28, composers began composing preludes as short independent character pieces that were meant to stand alone. Chopin's was the first collection of 24 preludes that seemed to make more sense as a large-scale piece rather than 24 individual pieces. Auerbach wrote her 24 Preludes with a distinct concept of large-scale unity. This treatise explores the use of direct quotation, two half-step motives, and musical elements of narrative to show the large-scale unity in this piece.
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Date Issued: 2010
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-4330
Format: Thesis

Title: Music, Dementia, and the Reality of Being Yourself.
Creator: Justus, Kayleen M., Gunderson, Frank, Darrow, Alice-Ann, Bakan, Michael B., Brewer, Charles E., College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: "Just be yourself." This seemingly banal platitude can mean any number of things, depending on the context in which it is to be done: I could be unique and distinguish a singular subject, I could behave as I normally would and embody "my coherent" identity, or I could intentionally express myself and the relationships that structure this in meaningful ways. I am seemingly free to dictate how I am and enact this appropriately, but this freedom hinges precisely on my conscious awareness and...
Show more"Just be yourself." This seemingly banal platitude can mean any number of things, depending on the context in which it is to be done: I could be unique and distinguish a singular subject, I could behave as I normally would and embody "my coherent" identity, or I could intentionally express myself and the relationships that structure this in meaningful ways. I am seemingly free to dictate how I am and enact this appropriately, but this freedom hinges precisely on my conscious awareness and intent to be myself. In the context of dementia, a condition characterized in terms of Self-loss, this cliché becomes increasingly significant as the status of a person's consciousness becomes more ambiguous. A common observation about an individual with dementia is that music is one of the only remaining activities through which he or she continues to appear as a recognizable Self. But, what sense can be made of these curious phenomena? In this dissertation, I use philosopher Slavoj Zizek's style of dialectical materialism and reading of Lacanian psychoanalysis in order to explore this problem of consciousness at the heart of the seeming paradox between musical activity and dementia. The purpose of adopting this approach is twofold. First, I aim to construct a parallax view of, or different ontology for, the real and virtual ways that music and dementia shape what it means to be yourself. In order to do this, I map the order of chapters according to the Lacanian triad of the Imaginary, the Symbolic, and the Real. The second aim is epistemological: by framing what was initially an ethnomusicological project in terms of psychoanalysis and philosophy, I have attempted to open up a new intellectual space for musicology, one which is based on a critical orientation to phenomenology and semiotics rather than a deliberately integrative one.
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Date Issued: 2014
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-9015
Format: Thesis

Title: That's so Def: Redefining Music Through Dip Hop, the Deaf Hip Hop Movement in the United States.
Creator: Best, Katelyn E., Gunderson, Frank D., Uzendoski, Michael, Bakan, Michael B., Darrow, Alice-Ann, Florida State University, College of Music
Abstract/Description: This dissertation is a study of the Deaf hip hop movement in the United States. It examines the trajectories of major figures in the development of this movement who have been brought together by way of their expression of music from a Deaf view of the world -- one that builds on the foundation of hip hop to create a new style based on Deaf aesthetics that expand notions of music to other sensory realms of the body. While this view is informed both by an experience of deafness as well as Deaf...
Show moreThis dissertation is a study of the Deaf hip hop movement in the United States. It examines the trajectories of major figures in the development of this movement who have been brought together by way of their expression of music from a Deaf view of the world -- one that builds on the foundation of hip hop to create a new style based on Deaf aesthetics that expand notions of music to other sensory realms of the body. While this view is informed both by an experience of deafness as well as Deaf culture (a linguistic minority that uses sign language as its primary form of communication), music in Deaf culture is, and has been, in constant dialogue with the larger society in which the Deaf live, one that emphasizes the use of aural elements in expressions of music. Through the formation of the dip hop movement, dip hop artists strengthen a sense of Deafhood and address challenges presented by mainstream constructions of music that have affected the development of music in Deaf culture. Often realized as a cultural product of the hearing, music has not always been recognized or accepted in the Deaf community. After all, with cultural products like headphones with which to listen to music and concepts like "tone deaf," mainstream constructions of music emphasize aural elements that are not valued in the same way in the Deaf community. For those that are culturally Deaf, musical expression and reception is experienced and conceived through other realms of the body, which, in turn, create entirely different realizations of music based on a Deaf view of the world. Despite this, since Deaf culture exists within the context of a larger culture, hearing-centric constructions of music have permeated perceptions of music in Deaf culture, which limit what music is, and can be, for the Deaf based on hegemonic ideologies that ultimately delegitimize Deaf expressions of music and, by extension, Deaf culture. Yet through the work of dip hop artists, this research explores the ways in which the dip hop movement creates a space for artists to express music from a culturally Deaf perspective, breaks down stereotypes of deafness in society, and bridges divides between the hearing and Deaf community. In order to analyze the agency of the dip hop movement in the United States, and the ways artists negotiate a space in mainstream society for the recognition of music in Deaf culture, I employ post structuralist, deconstructionist, and Marxist theories that also function to open new spheres of discourse about music in Deaf culture. Through these and other theoretical perspectives, this work investigates the complex ways Deaf culture exists in society, examines the influence hegemonic productions of music have on Deaf culture, and explores the ways dip hop artists build on foundational elements and the culture of hip hop to create a new style of music that subverts mainstream ideologies of music while providing an outlet of expression for Deaf culture to be heard.
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Date Issued: 2015
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-9293
Format: Thesis

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