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Title: On War and the Winter War.
Creator: Karnisky, Robert, Grant, Jonathan, Creswell, Michael, Jones, James P., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Renowned for its heroism, intrigue, pathos, and freezing cold, the compelling story of the Russo-Finnish War, in which "tiny" Finland repulsed a much larger Soviet invasion force, has been thoroughly studied and recorded. Less well-researched are the influences of military strategy on the generals in that war. The conflict provides many examples of the theories on warfare advanced by Carl Philipp Gottlieb von Clausewitz in his book, Vom Kriege, first published in 1832, making it an excellent...
Show moreRenowned for its heroism, intrigue, pathos, and freezing cold, the compelling story of the Russo-Finnish War, in which "tiny" Finland repulsed a much larger Soviet invasion force, has been thoroughly studied and recorded. Less well-researched are the influences of military strategy on the generals in that war. The conflict provides many examples of the theories on warfare advanced by Carl Philipp Gottlieb von Clausewitz in his book, Vom Kriege, first published in 1832, making it an excellent teaching tool for military scholars. Clausewitz proposed that any war could be understood according to his theories. While his book is regarded as a classic reference on war, few authors have actually applied his "trinitarian" analysis to a particular war, and none have examined the Russo-Finnish War in the scholarly fashion he recommends. The mistaken impression of unequal forces in the war is reconfigured as an asymmetry across his three interrelated categories: chance and probability, rational policy, and primordial violence. Closer investigation reveals that the so-called "Finnish Miracle" was no miracle at all, but an understandable outcome, clear enough to preclude any need to postulate miracles. Numerous subtopics continually resurface here. The degree to which Prusso-German military concepts, not only those of Clausewitz, affected the conduct of both sides in the war receives attention, as do Soviet leader Josef Stalin's ideologically-based attempts to purge their influence from the Red Army. The genius of the Finnish commander, Baron Field Marshal Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, and the courage of the Finns cannot be overlooked. Neither can the looming threat of Nazi Germany, nor the hesitancy of the overly cautious Western democracies to intervene. Using the trinitarian method to untangle this complex web of competing stratagems and policies, the author reveals why and how the war followed the course it did.
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Date Issued: 2007
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-3335
Format: Thesis

Title: Imperial Venture: The Evolution of the British East India Company, 1763-1813.
Creator: Williams, Matthew, Blaufarb, Rafe, Grant, Jonathan, Jones, James P., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Europe's dominance in the study of the Revolutionary Era obscures the era's many important non-European effects. Equally, scholars of India neglect the important role European imperial rivalry had on the British conquest of India in particular during the Revolutionary Era. These four key factors drove the British East India Company's corporate evolution: the decline of the Mughal Empire, Anglo-French imperial rivalry, Parliamentary reform of the East India Company, and the French...
Show moreEurope's dominance in the study of the Revolutionary Era obscures the era's many important non-European effects. Equally, scholars of India neglect the important role European imperial rivalry had on the British conquest of India in particular during the Revolutionary Era. These four key factors drove the British East India Company's corporate evolution: the decline of the Mughal Empire, Anglo-French imperial rivalry, Parliamentary reform of the East India Company, and the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Between 1763 and 1813, these factors forced the British East India Company to undergo a radical and rapid transformation from private joint stock company to quasi-governmental institution. The aforementioned factors and their unforeseen consequences compelled the East India Company to develop many of the attributes of a state: an army, a taxation system, a judiciary, bureaucracy, and foreign relations. These factors also compelled the East India Company to conquer India and eliminate its corporate and local rivals. By 1805, the East India Company become the master of India and by 1813 it had established firm control over the Indian Ocean. By 1813, the British East India Company had become a peculiar hybrid, a corporate-state.
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Date Issued: 2011
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-5274
Format: Thesis

Title: "Malta Is a Magnificent Story": Malta's Symbolic Role in the Second World War.
Creator: Debono, Megan, Jones, James P., Creswell, Michael, Koslow, Jennifer, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This thesis examines Malta's symbolic role in the Second World War. Then a British-held colony, the archipelago fell under heavy Axis bombardment from mid 1940 ' early 1943. Incessant Italian and German air raids plagued the islands and the Maltese, making Malta the most heavily bombed area of the entire war. In June 1940, just weeks before the first attack, London's War Cabinet deemed the isles indefensible and withdrew their forces. Despite this initial abandonment, the British permanently...
Show moreThis thesis examines Malta's symbolic role in the Second World War. Then a British-held colony, the archipelago fell under heavy Axis bombardment from mid 1940 ' early 1943. Incessant Italian and German air raids plagued the islands and the Maltese, making Malta the most heavily bombed area of the entire war. In June 1940, just weeks before the first attack, London's War Cabinet deemed the isles indefensible and withdrew their forces. Despite this initial abandonment, the British permanently returned to their colony just a few months later and expended a considerable amount of manpower and materiel in its defense. Tactical reasons alone cannot explain this drastic reversal in British policy. The missing explanation lies with Malta's role in British propaganda. Whether by choice or ignorance, this crucial aspect of Malta's wartime purpose is absent from the historiography. Through an examination of official papers and popular periodicals, this thesis aims to correct this imbalance. To provide proper context, the work first analyzes Anglo-Maltese relations and the empire's position in the latter half of the 1930s. The subsequent chapters analyze the media's role in the War Cabinet's return, and how Prime Minister Winston Churchill used the gallant tale of Malta to bolster morale at home and elicit the cooperation of the United States. Paired with strategic objectives around the Mediterranean basin, these propagandistic concerns ensured Britain's continued defense of the archipelago. Through the war's end, Malta served as both a physical and ideological bastion for the British Empire.
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Date Issued: 2011
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-7124
Format: Thesis

Title: "Malta Is a Magnificent Story": Malta's Symbolic Role in the Second World War.
Creator: Debono, Megan, Jones, James P., Creswell, Michael, Koslow, Jennifer, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This thesis examines Malta's symbolic role in the Second World War. Then a Britishheld colony, the archipelago fell under heavy Axis bombardment from mid 1940 – early 1943. Incessant Italian and German air raids plagued the islands and the Maltese, making Malta the most heavily bombed area of the entire war. In June 1940, just weeks before the first attack, London's War Cabinet deemed the isles indefensible and withdrew their forces. Despite this initial abandonment, the British permanently...
Show moreThis thesis examines Malta's symbolic role in the Second World War. Then a Britishheld colony, the archipelago fell under heavy Axis bombardment from mid 1940 – early 1943. Incessant Italian and German air raids plagued the islands and the Maltese, making Malta the most heavily bombed area of the entire war. In June 1940, just weeks before the first attack, London's War Cabinet deemed the isles indefensible and withdrew their forces. Despite this initial abandonment, the British permanently returned to their colony just a few months later and expended a considerable amount of manpower and materiel in its defense. Tactical reasons alone cannot explain this drastic reversal in British policy. The missing explanation lies with Malta's role in British propaganda. Whether by choice or ignorance, this crucial aspect of Malta's wartime purpose is absent from the historiography. Through an examination of official papers and popular periodicals, this thesis aims to correct this imbalance. To provide proper context, the work first analyzes Anglo- Maltese relations and the empire's position in the latter half of the 1930s. The subsequent chapters analyze the media's role in the War Cabinet's return, and how Prime Minister Winston Churchill used the gallant tale of Malta to bolster morale at home and elicit the cooperation of the United States. Paired with strategic objectives around the Mediterranean basin, these propagandistic concerns ensured Britain's continued defense of the archipelago. Through the war's end, Malta served as both a physical and ideological bastion for the British Empire.
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Date Issued: 2011
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-4665
Format: Thesis

Title: Raging Moderates: Second Party Politics and the Creation of a Whig Aristocracy in Williamson County, Tennessee, 1812-1846.
Creator: Holladay, Robert, Koschnik, Albrect, Jones, James P., Childs, Matt, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Williamson County, Tennessee, moved from support of Andrew Jackson in the aftermath of the War of 1812, to become, by the Mexican War, the most pronounced Whig County in Middle Tennessee through a combination of personal, economic and political issues. Political leadership, economic nationalism and fears that Jackson's personality and policies undermined republicanism created a political culture that abjured sectionalism even after the Mexican War and increasing tensions over slavery. During...
Show moreWilliamson County, Tennessee, moved from support of Andrew Jackson in the aftermath of the War of 1812, to become, by the Mexican War, the most pronounced Whig County in Middle Tennessee through a combination of personal, economic and political issues. Political leadership, economic nationalism and fears that Jackson's personality and policies undermined republicanism created a political culture that abjured sectionalism even after the Mexican War and increasing tensions over slavery. During this period, the county became one of the wealthiest in the state through a diversified agricultural export economy based on chattel slavery, which county spokesmen lamented, but accepted as the basis for their prosperity. The presence and proximity of a number of political leaders of state and national renown, including John Eaton, John Bell, James K. Polk, Sam Houston, Thomas Hart Benton, Felix Grundy and most of all Andrew Jackson, created a dynamic in which national political issues tended to dominate local concerns from an early period. Because so many of these individuals spent time in the county, citizens were used to viewing them on a human scale. Between 1812 and 1833, the county largely embraced Jackson and his policies, though veterans who had served with him in the War of 1812 had reservations about his character. Jackson's military achievements, the Panic of 1819 and reaction over the disputed election of John Quincy Adams overwhelmed those reservations in 1828 and 1832. Once Jackson became president, there was support for his handling of the Eaton Affair, and the nullification crisis, but disquiet at his veto of the bill to recharter the Bank of the United States. After Jackson removed federal deposits from the bank and supported Martin Van Buren as his successor, county support dissipated rapidly. Thereafter personal rivalry between several county leaders and James K. Polk, disputes over economic policy and a merging of market capitalist ideology with conceptions of republican virtue, ensured that voter sentiment remained opposed to the Democrats. State and local issues such as funding for internal improvements and a new state constitution added to the interparty disputes. Williamson County party politics mirrored state politics in that both Whigs and Democrats believed they were protecting fundamental republican values from assault by the opposition. Unlike the state which was evenly divided between the parties during this period, after 1833, Williamson County was overwhelmingly Whig, a position that held until secession. Since no interpretive county history of Middle Tennessee has been produced, this thesis places this crucial area in the context of both the South and the nation, building on the comprehensive work of Arthur Schlesinger Jr., Charles Sellers and Harry Watson, among others, the only statewide antebellum political study by Jonathan Atkins, and county histories from other states such as North Carolina, Virginia, Alabama, Mississippi and Florida by Watson, Edward Baptist, Charles Morris, Daniel Dupre, and Robert Kenzer. Most of these areas had neither the continuous nationalist outlook endemic to Williamson County throughout the antebellum period, the agricultural diversity that helped produce it, nor the proximity to markets and national political leaders that reinforced it.
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Date Issued: 2007
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-3982
Format: Thesis

Title: A Mississippi Burning: Examining the Lynching of Lloyd Clay and the Encumbering of Black Progress in Mississippi during the Progressive Era.
Creator: Dorsey, Albert, Jones, Maxine D., Montgomery, Maxine L., Jones, James P., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: When twenty-two year old African American Lloyd Clay was strung up from an old elm tree, burned alive, and his body riddled with bullets by a white lynch mob of approximately one-thousand people on the corner of a major intersection in Vicksburg, Mississippi, nothing happened. Vicksburg in the year 1919 was typical of many other cities throughout the United States deep South. When Clay was unjustly crucified, no whites from the mob were put on trial; and there was no backlash or retaliation...
Show moreWhen twenty-two year old African American Lloyd Clay was strung up from an old elm tree, burned alive, and his body riddled with bullets by a white lynch mob of approximately one-thousand people on the corner of a major intersection in Vicksburg, Mississippi, nothing happened. Vicksburg in the year 1919 was typical of many other cities throughout the United States deep South. When Clay was unjustly crucified, no whites from the mob were put on trial; and there was no backlash or retaliation from the black Vicksburg citizenry. As a matter of fact, Clay's mother was even told by whites not to go to the morgue to identify her dead son's body; it would be best, they suggested, if she stayed out of it. This case study will specifically situate Vicksburg, Mississippi, and the lynching of Lloyd Clay within the context of the last decade of the 19th century and the first two decades of the 20th century, called by many historians, the Progressive Era. It will examine why black lynchings increased after slavery was constitutionally abolished and the Reconstruction Era in the American South came to an end. It will also juxtapose Mississippi lynchings, blamed for the maintenance of economical, political, and social white privilege, against the Progressive Era to show how those lynchings encumbered black economic, political, and social progress.
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Date Issued: 2009
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-0686
Format: Thesis

Title: The Life and Times of Adella Hunt Logan: Educator, Mother, Wife, and Suffragist, 1863-1915.
Creator: Willis, Daria J., Jones, Maxine D., Montgomery, Maxine, Jones, James P., Koslow, Jennifer L., Mizelle, Richard, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Adella Hunt Logan was a woman trapped between two worlds. She was a mulatto who suffered from the pressures and injustices of Jim Crow America in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The impact of Adella Logan's life is seen beginning in 1883 in Tuskegee, Alabama. She maintained a large family while making a lasting impact on the Tuskegee community, as well as the women's suffrage movement. Adella often led a life full of contradictions that can be attributed to her social...
Show moreAdella Hunt Logan was a woman trapped between two worlds. She was a mulatto who suffered from the pressures and injustices of Jim Crow America in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The impact of Adella Logan's life is seen beginning in 1883 in Tuskegee, Alabama. She maintained a large family while making a lasting impact on the Tuskegee community, as well as the women's suffrage movement. Adella often led a life full of contradictions that can be attributed to her social status as well as her mixed racial heritage. Nonetheless, her efforts at advancing the cause of lower-class blacks and the students and teachers at Tuskegee Institute cannot be denied. This study discusses Adella Logan in terms of race, class, and gender. It is the story of an African American woman, an unusual American family, and the world she lived in.
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Date Issued: 2012
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-7026
Format: Thesis

Title: Moses Did It, Why Can't You: The Role of Stephen S. Wise during the Holocaust.
Creator: Bryant, Elizabeth Ann, Jones, James P., Fenstermaker, John, Grant, Jonathan, Jones, Maxine D., Wynot, Edward, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Between 1933-1945, Rabbi Stephen Samuel Wise did more than any other American Jewish leader to fight against Hitlerism. Wise was one of the earliest outspoken critics of Adolf Hitler, speaking out against him and the National Socialist German Workers Party even before they assumed power in Germany. Yet, in recent years, he has come under constant scrutiny for his perceived inactions during the Holocaust. This dissertation seeks to investigate these criticisms, and explore their validity, by...
Show moreBetween 1933-1945, Rabbi Stephen Samuel Wise did more than any other American Jewish leader to fight against Hitlerism. Wise was one of the earliest outspoken critics of Adolf Hitler, speaking out against him and the National Socialist German Workers Party even before they assumed power in Germany. Yet, in recent years, he has come under constant scrutiny for his perceived inactions during the Holocaust. This dissertation seeks to investigate these criticisms, and explore their validity, by examining the actions of Stephen Wise during this era. This includes analyzing his relationship with President Franklin D. Roosevelt, his role in the American and World Jewish Congresses, his fight against American apathy and anti-Semitism, as well as his multitudinous plans for the rescue and relief of European Jews.
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Date Issued: 2012
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-6165
Format: Thesis

Title: "Vicksburg's Troubles": Black Participation in the Body Politic and Land Ownership in the Age of Redeemer Violence.
Creator: Dorsey, Albert, Jones, Maxine D., Montgomery, Maxine L., Jones, James P., Koslow, Jennifer L., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This dissertation looks at the 1874 "Vicksburg (Mississippi) Massacre" and its direct causes. Black sharecroppers, during the Reconstruction era, have been the focus of considerable scholarship that looks at black life in relation to white landowners. Little attention, however, has been given to black landowners. An examination of the House of Representatives Reports, Land Deeds, Census Records, Tax Records, and the American Missionary Association Archival Records allow a critical examination...
Show moreThis dissertation looks at the 1874 "Vicksburg (Mississippi) Massacre" and its direct causes. Black sharecroppers, during the Reconstruction era, have been the focus of considerable scholarship that looks at black life in relation to white landowners. Little attention, however, has been given to black landowners. An examination of the House of Representatives Reports, Land Deeds, Census Records, Tax Records, and the American Missionary Association Archival Records allow a critical examination of the agency that black landowners in Vicksburg garnered before the Massacre. This dissertation focuses on the direct causes behind the massacre, including local black politicians and civic leaders, and a growing number of black landowners. More importantly, the acquisition of land by black Mississippians prompted the most prosperous white land owners to take action against them. Most threatening to Vicksburg's white population was the fact that Vicksburg had a black sheriff who also served as county tax collector. As Vicksburg's black leaders began to spend tax money on black education, whites became infuriated. This micro history of Vicksburg during the Reconstruction era demonstrates that life for these folk must have been hard but many of them found ways to form communities independent from white landowners.
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Date Issued: 2012
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-6911
Format: Thesis

Title: Weathering the Storm: Florida Politics during the Administration of Spessard L. Holland in World War II.
Creator: Evans, Jon S., Jones, James P., Fenstermaker, John, Anderson, Rodney, Conner, V. J., Jones, Maxine D., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: World War II represents a transition period in Florida's recent history. The southernmost state went from a sparsely settled frontier-like environment before the war to one of the nation's most populous and fastest growing areas soon after the war. Much of the historical literature focusing on this period described the impact of military and naval installations, as well as the shipbuilding industry, on the state's economy and population. Other works note the affect of the war on the citrus...
Show moreWorld War II represents a transition period in Florida's recent history. The southernmost state went from a sparsely settled frontier-like environment before the war to one of the nation's most populous and fastest growing areas soon after the war. Much of the historical literature focusing on this period described the impact of military and naval installations, as well as the shipbuilding industry, on the state's economy and population. Other works note the affect of the war on the citrus and tourism industry. Very little, however, has been written about how the war influenced politics in the Sunshine State during this pivotal period. Forces of geography, economics, and demography profoundly shaped Florida politics during the twentieth century. A relatively large, linear state, Florida featured an extraordinary range of differences between its northern regions bordering Alabama and Georgia to its southernmost keys less than one hundred miles from Cuba. In general, the panhandle featured staple crop agriculture, expansive rural areas, and traditional southern culture. The central and southern regions of the state, for the most part, produced a more varied array of farm products – winter vegetables and citrus, had a higher percentage of urban population, and contained the state's highest proportion of northern migrants and seasonal visitors. The state's four largest cities – Pensacola, Jacksonville, Tampa, and Miami – were separated by miles, economic interests, and culture. The diversity of qualities between the regions prompted pundits to refer to northern residents as "Pork choppers" and inhabitants of the southern region as "Lamb choppers." These divergent qualities resulted in extreme factionalism in politics as each group sought representation and voice in state government. Rather than one or two powerful factions leading state politics like many of its regional neighbors, Florida had numerous blocs centered on local or economic interests competing for influence. Because of the atomization of politics, lawmaking in the state was dominated by local interests. This, in combination with a somewhat rudimentary biennial legislative system, yielded a somewhat directionless state government. As a result, policy decisions were too frequently made to resolve problems rather than to prevent them. The absence of a strong chief executive compounded this lack of direction in Florida government. Institutional characteristics made the office of governor inherently weak in Florida. The state's chief executive had to share authority with other cabinet officers on numerous boards and commissions. Additionally, a constitutional prohibition on gubernatorial self succession forced the governor to compete for influence with cabinet members who could repeat in office indefinitely. This resulted in a relatively weak chief executive with little influence except that generated by patronage and persuasion. Because of these limitations, gubernatorial power and programs had usually been eclipsed by other forces by the governor's second biennial legislative session. A number of factors, including political factionalism and a relatively weak chief executive, severely hampered the development of sound fiscal policy in the state. The state's philosophy of minimal taxation manifested itself in several ways – a constitutional prohibition on income taxation, an exemption on inheritance taxation, the repeal of the state ad valorem tax, and the underassessment of real property. Furthermore, the largest proportion of the state's tax revenues came from regressive consumption taxes on gasoline and alcohol. As a result, Florida's fiscal system was too often unable to fund needed services and occasionally ran a deficit. World War II brought further difficulties to bear on state government's ability to meet the demands of its citizens. Voluntary, and then mandatory, gasoline rationing severely restricted state revenues and threatened tourism, the state's most lucrative commercial enterprise. A brief campaign against Allied shipping off the Florida coasts by the German U-boat forces also undermined the tourism industry. Federal authorities eventually imposed a national ban on nonessential travel to conserve rubber and gasoline, thereby closing down the state's horse racing industry, the primary source of funds for old age pensions and a contributor to revenues shared by the state with the county governments. The war challenged state government leaders to respond and adapt. Florida reached a cross roads in race relations during the war era. While few acknowledged it, the days of universal white hegemony had passed but the era of greater liberties for African Americans had not yet dawned. During this period authorities and private citizens worked to defeat the ever-present threat of lynch violence in Florida. The following study explores how the state's political leaders responded to the many and varied challenges initiated by World War II. For instance, how did the war color political campaigns and shape the voters' choice of leaders? What affect did the state's atomized political structure have on governance during the war? How did the state's problematic system of governance deal with wartime challenges? What forces did the war exert on the state and how did its elected leaders respond? These are some of the questions considered in the following study.
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Date Issued: 2011
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-0438
Format: Thesis

Title: Civiliter Mortuus: Florida Supreme Court and the Civil Rights Movement, 1845 1896.
Creator: Day, Chris, Jones, Maxine D., Montgomery, Maxine, Garretson, Peter, Jones, James P., Richardson, Joe M., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: In the American political context African Americans have the greatest legacy because of their crusade for freedom and civil rights. Unlike Anglo-Americans, African Americans were barred from society for no other reason than their skin color, but their fight for freedom forced Americans to define themselves and how to protect their rights in a free society. The American system has been touted by historians such as Gordon Wood as being a radical departure from the British model of government....
Show moreIn the American political context African Americans have the greatest legacy because of their crusade for freedom and civil rights. Unlike Anglo-Americans, African Americans were barred from society for no other reason than their skin color, but their fight for freedom forced Americans to define themselves and how to protect their rights in a free society. The American system has been touted by historians such as Gordon Wood as being a radical departure from the British model of government. Barbara Clark Smith argued that the American Revolution was not a radical event because it failed to meet the egalitarian principles set forth by the revolutionary intellectuals. Wood's response was that the radical nature of the Revolution was not seen until well after the war and subsequent nation building, because those principles led to emancipation and universal suffrage. Smith's point is important to note because the immediacy created by the concept of "radical" was not met during the Revolutionary period. For the enslaved their lot in life had not changed with Treaty of Paris or the Constitution of the United States. The Constitution, previous to the passage of the 14th Amendment, did not provide a definition of citizenship. It was just assumed that an American citizen was a white male landowner. The reality of this situation was that racial discrimination caused many to turn their backs on egalitarianism for a racially bifurcated society. At this point, African Americans, free and enslaved, had to collectively speak out against this discrimination and remind Anglo-Americans of their egalitarian principles. The greatest legacy of Civil Rights Movement was that it forced America to abide by its altruistic principles. African Americans forced the definition of citizenship and created greater protections for American civil rights. This was not a process that started in the twentieth century; it began with the inception of the American Republic. In order to understand the true nature of society historians must look at the dispossessed to see the worst effects of society over time. In the Antebellum period enslaved and free blacks were those groups. The want of freedom is the simplest civil right. When enslaved African Americans went into the court system laws used to protect freedom had to be disfigured to protect bondage. With intent or not, every time a slave went into the court system they had to be given a minuscule amount of rights in order to participate in the trial. This was a challenge to the oppressive system. In a society that is governed by laws, enforcement in the courts should be autonomous enough to overcome social discrimination, but the law is a slow lumbering beast that has to wonder the dark woods of a fickle society before it can see the light of true autonomy. The Civil Rights Movement was significantly impacted by the court system because it controlled the impact of law on African Americans. The movement first had to get the courts to recognize them as human beings before they could continue the quest for freedom. This journey can be seen in the Florida Supreme Court. The battle between property and humanity raged on until after the Civil War and emancipation. Reconstruction created a new dialogue of African American freedom and citizenship. No longer did they have to suffer the courts' myopic view of them as property. Federal intervention allowed African Americans to exercise suffrage and participate in jury trials. After the threat of Federal intervention was removed by apathy and paternalistic adjudication in the U.S. Supreme Court, states began attacking African American rights and enacting segregationist laws. The Civil Rights Movement faced an all out assault in Florida with the removal of African Americans from the voter rolls and public conveyances. This trend towards a rigid society based on racial division was solidified with the Plessy decision. The courts for a short time were willing to view African Americans as first-class citizens, but inevitably reverted back to antebellum jurisprudence that saw blacks as having no rights they were bound to respect. For African Americans, their contribution to the historical lexicon has been the protection of rights set forth by the Constitution. They gave the Republic a road map explaining how to protect their rights in the courtroom and on the streets.
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Date Issued: 2013
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-8699
Format: Thesis

Title: Competing Memories: Tallahassee's Civil War Commemorations, Exhibits, and Celebrations.
Creator: Berumen, Esther H., Koslow, Jennifer, Jones, Maxine D., Jones, James P., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study is to explore the forms in which the Civil War and the Emancipation Proclamation are commemorated, celebrated, and remembered in Tallahassee. It will further investigate how or if these events within Tallahassee present a clear, accurate and universal recollection of the city's participation in the Civil War. Included in this discussion are the competing official and vernacular memories present in the Tallahassee community. This work will also assist in identifying...
Show moreThe purpose of this study is to explore the forms in which the Civil War and the Emancipation Proclamation are commemorated, celebrated, and remembered in Tallahassee. It will further investigate how or if these events within Tallahassee present a clear, accurate and universal recollection of the city's participation in the Civil War. Included in this discussion are the competing official and vernacular memories present in the Tallahassee community. This work will also assist in identifying the purpose of these public types of observances, the function they serve in society, and the extent to which we allow private memory to dictate how and what we commemorate. It will discuss these issues through an assessment of a forthcoming exhibit at the National Archives and Records Administration, and current exhibits located at the Museum of Florida History, and the Old Capitol Museum, each of which focus on different aspects of the Civil War. An evaluation of the annual celebrations held at The Walker-Ford Community Center and the Knott House museum will further contribute to the discussion of current competing memories in Tallahassee.
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Date Issued: 2009
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-1390
Format: Thesis

Title: Sites of Contention: Military Bases and the Transformation of the American South during World War II.
Creator: Hutchinson, John Daniel, Jones, Maxine D., Montgomery, Maxine L., Jones, James P., Grant, Jonathan A., Gellately, Robert, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This dissertation documents the collective impact of military bases on civilian communities in the American South during World War II. The presence of a military base had a variety of social, economic, and political influences on the communities their neighbored. In documenting these influences, this dissertation explores the politics of base location, and how southern politicians, civic leaders, and business leaders lobbied to bring over a thousand military bases to the region during the war...
Show moreThis dissertation documents the collective impact of military bases on civilian communities in the American South during World War II. The presence of a military base had a variety of social, economic, and political influences on the communities their neighbored. In documenting these influences, this dissertation explores the politics of base location, and how southern politicians, civic leaders, and business leaders lobbied to bring over a thousand military bases to the region during the war, in the hopes of an economic revival brought by federal investment and military payrolls. While southern elites hoped to reap the economic benefits of the bases, their rural neighbors often paid the price of community prosperity. The establishment of military bases in the region led to the displacement of southern farmers from their lands by the use of eminent domain, resulting in an estimated 50,000 citizens evicted from their homes and lands by the federal government. While the construction of the bases forced some residents to leave their communities, the jobs brought by the massive construction projects often brought tens of thousands of workers to rural communities unprepared for the sudden influx. As construction workers left and were replaced by military personnel and their families, communities enjoyed an economic recovery that effectively ended the Great Depression. While military bases brought significant economic opportunity, they also brought considerable social problems to the communities they neighbored. Among the most volatile problems concerned the presence of African American soldiers in southern communities. The prevailing racial norms of the South resulted in African American military personnel suffering widespread discrimination and racial violence. This dissertation concludes by examining the shifts in the military base infrastructure after World War II, and the postwar legacies of the military base experience during World War II.
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Date Issued: 2011
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-7160
Format: Thesis

Title: Racial Violence and Competing Memory in Taylor County Florida, 1922.
Creator: Martinez, Meghan H., Jones, Maxine D., Jones, James P., Grant, Jonathan, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This study engages historical memory and examines racial violence in Taylor County, Florida, in order to explore how memories concerning racial violence and southern identity are created and maintained. Special attention is paid to the way that white memory was commemorated in public spaces, while black memory was relegated to a more private sphere. Because black memory is underrepresented in archives and public spaces, black citizens of Taylor County have been, in large part, left out of the...
Show moreThis study engages historical memory and examines racial violence in Taylor County, Florida, in order to explore how memories concerning racial violence and southern identity are created and maintained. Special attention is paid to the way that white memory was commemorated in public spaces, while black memory was relegated to a more private sphere. Because black memory is underrepresented in archives and public spaces, black citizens of Taylor County have been, in large part, left out of the historical record. As a result, black memory is difficult to uncover unless it is specifically sought out. The construction and commemoration of memory in the south has often favored white memory over black memory. Lost Cause memorials and Confederate battle flags became symbols of southern identity; while black achievements and racial violence against the black community have gone unrecorded. Contestation over historical memory is often reflective of the struggle between black and white southerners to remember history in a way that most reflects their identity. In December of 1922 two black men, Charley Wright and Albert Young, were lynched by a white mob who sought revenge for Wright and Young's alleged involvement in the murder of Ruby Hendry, a young, white, school teacher. Perhaps because of the prominence of Hendry's family in Taylor County, the white community also acted out against innocent members of the black community by burning down a number of public spaces in predominantly black areas of town. Though these events garnered national attention at the time that they occurred, the memory of this violence has almost completely faded over time. Although commemoration of memory in Taylor County privileged white residents, it did not succeed in completely oppressing black memory or identity. Black citizens resisted this forgetting and crafted a lasting historical memory that communicated their own perspective. Competing narratives emerge when black memory is evaluated alongside white memory. However, both perspectives must be equally considered in order to construct a more complete picture of the past.
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Date Issued: 2008
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-2689
Format: Thesis

Title: Coming from Battle to Face a War: The Lynching of Black Soldiers in the World War I Era.
Creator: Mikkelsen, Vincent, Jones, Maxine D., Montgomery, Maxine L., Childs, Matt, Jones, James P., Richardson, Joe M., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: As Emmett J. Scott and W.E.B. Du Bois put aside their personal and political differences and advocated a call to arms to their black constituents, the United States quarreled with the question of how a militarily trained "negro" would shape and change the established view of white superiority. As violence swept across the United States many cities witnessed race riots and at the local level many African-Americans faced the terror of the noose as lynching prevailed as the common form of ...
Show moreAs Emmett J. Scott and W.E.B. Du Bois put aside their personal and political differences and advocated a call to arms to their black constituents, the United States quarreled with the question of how a militarily trained "negro" would shape and change the established view of white superiority. As violence swept across the United States many cities witnessed race riots and at the local level many African-Americans faced the terror of the noose as lynching prevailed as the common form of "justice." Among those lynched were African-American soldiers. Even while still wearing their uniforms these soldiers were victims of shootings, beatings, and even burned alive. This study will investigate the return of the African-American soldier; the violence unleashed on African-American soldiers; and finally, the emergence of a new mentality within the black community.
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Date Issued: 2007
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-2443
Format: Thesis

Title: Neoconservatism and Iraq.
Creator: McHargue, Ryan Patrick, Garretson, Peter P., Jones, James P., Friedman, Max, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The goal of this work is to answer a specific set of questions that have arisen concerning neoconservatism and its relationship with the 2003 invasion of Iraq. This thesis will begin by first giving the reader a broad background concerning the neoconservative movement, and aid in proving the assumptions necessary for the argument to be made. After showing that neoconservatism is in fact the "order of the day" for the Bush Administration's foreign policy staff, and proving that the...
Show moreThe goal of this work is to answer a specific set of questions that have arisen concerning neoconservatism and its relationship with the 2003 invasion of Iraq. This thesis will begin by first giving the reader a broad background concerning the neoconservative movement, and aid in proving the assumptions necessary for the argument to be made. After showing that neoconservatism is in fact the "order of the day" for the Bush Administration's foreign policy staff, and proving that the administration has espoused modern neoconservative policies, the role of Iraq in a neoconservative framework will be focused upon. This includes identifying and expounding upon key tenets of a neoconservative ideological framework and where Iraq fits within it. Once Iraq's place within this framework is determined, this work will examine the statements of specific neoconservatives within the Bush administration who have written extensively concerning Iraq during the period between the end of the 1991 Persian Gulf War and the 2003 invasion of Iraq. By examining their words, it will be determined whether or not they were advocates of the invasion in 2003 prior to the events of September 11, 2001, which served as a pretext and justification for the invasion itself. By understanding the role of Iraq in a neoconservative framework, it is hoped that people will be able to better predict the possible outcomes of the conflict. It is important to note that this thesis was drafted in the early part of 2005, prior to the position changes of many of the executive officers mentioned. For example, Paul Wolfowitz has recently been given the position of head of the World Bank, Douglas Feith has since resigned his post as Undersecretary of Defense for Policy, and Zalmay Khalilzad has been given the position of Ambassador to Iraq, replacing John Negroponte, who filled the position of the newly-created office of Director of National Intelligence.
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-2548
Format: Thesis

Title: A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Three Computer-Assisted Career Guidance Systems on College Students' Career Decision Making Processes: Technical Report No. 6.
Creator: Peterson, Gary W, Ryan-Jones, Rebecca E, Sampson, James P, Reardon, Robert C, Shahnasarian, Michael
Abstract/Description: The Computer-Assisted Career Guidance Evaluation Form, was developed to evaluate the effectiveness of CACG systems in performing three vital functions in career decision-making. This instrument was subsequently used to compare the effectiveness of DISCOVER, SIGI, and SIGI PLUS using 132 subjects from two cohort groups of students in an introductory psychology course. After finishing their assigned system, subjects completed the Computer-Assisted Career Guidance Evaluation Form, My Vocational...
Show moreThe Computer-Assisted Career Guidance Evaluation Form, was developed to evaluate the effectiveness of CACG systems in performing three vital functions in career decision-making. This instrument was subsequently used to compare the effectiveness of DISCOVER, SIGI, and SIGI PLUS using 132 subjects from two cohort groups of students in an introductory psychology course. After finishing their assigned system, subjects completed the Computer-Assisted Career Guidance Evaluation Form, My Vocational Situation (MVS) by Holland, Daiger, & Power (1980a), and the Occupational Alternatives Question (OAQ) (Zener & Schunelle, 1972). Results of the analysis of the data showed that all three CACG systems were rated positively. However, subjects who expressed a need for career information rated all three CACG systems significantly more effective (p < .001) in developing and evaluating career options than those subjects who perceived no need for information. Further, Subjects who were "undecided" about their career direction found SIGI PLUS significantly more helpful for obtaining self knowledge and occupational knowledge (p < .05), and more rewarding and enjoyable (p < .03). The results suggested that perceived effectiveness of CACG systems may be related to the state of client career decidedness (OAQ) and their need for career information (MVS).
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Date Issued: 1987-12-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1525882239_332a4eb4, 10.17125/fsu.1525882239
Format: Citation

Title: From Mosquito Clouds to War Clouds: The Rise of Naval Air Station Banana River.
Creator: Euziere, Melissa Williford, Jones, James P., Conner, V.J, Green, Elna C., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Naval Air Station Banana River was created as a result of increased military appropriations to defend the Atlantic Coast of the United States of America. The Hepburn Board was charged with finding appropriate sites for new naval installations that could better protect American citizens from attacks along the coastline. After an exhaustive study, a site in Brevard County was selected to become a naval patrol sea plane base. County and city leaders in Brevard rallied around the construction of...
Show moreNaval Air Station Banana River was created as a result of increased military appropriations to defend the Atlantic Coast of the United States of America. The Hepburn Board was charged with finding appropriate sites for new naval installations that could better protect American citizens from attacks along the coastline. After an exhaustive study, a site in Brevard County was selected to become a naval patrol sea plane base. County and city leaders in Brevard rallied around the construction of the Naval Air Station Banana River that they had lobbied the Hepburn Board to bring to their county. They threw their support behind the station throughout its construction and celebrated its commissioning in October 1940. Pearl Harbor brought changes to NAS Banana River as German U-boats stalked the Florida coast and the station's mission was expanded to include patrol duty, search and rescue, bombardier training, sea-plane pilot training, and communications research. Buildings sprang up in response to the increase in personnel needed to fill all of the programs. Brevard County welcomed the sailors into their towns, homes, and lives. Although the base itself was isolated, there were a number of activities on and off base to keep the sailors busy. The county was felt the economic impact of the base with an increased number of employment opportunities, a rise in retail and food service profits, and a demand for additional infrastructure to support the station. Naval Air Station Banana River was deactivated in 1947 to the dismay of the people in Brevard County. Their disappointment did not last long when a few years later the base was reactivated to serve as the headquarters of the newly formed Joint Long Range Proving Ground, a testing site for the American rocket and missile program. The existence of the Naval Air Station Banana River and the infrastructure created to support it helped to bring missile program, and a few years later the space program, to Brevard County.
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Date Issued: 2003
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-0489
Format: Thesis

Title: Realistic Religion and Radical Prophets: The Stfu, the Social Gospel, and the American Left in the 1930S.
Creator: Youngblood, Joshua C., Conner, Valerie Jean, Jones, James P., Grant, Jonathan, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The Southern Tenant Farmers' Union was an interracial organization of tenant farmers, sharecroppers, and wage laborers that emerged from northeastern Arkansas in the mid-1930s. The STFU became the most important social action on the part of landless agricultural workers during the Great Depression and one of the most significant critics of the New Deal and the Agricultural Adjustment Administration. This study examines the STFU as a dramatic expression of the Social Gospel in the South during...
Show moreThe Southern Tenant Farmers' Union was an interracial organization of tenant farmers, sharecroppers, and wage laborers that emerged from northeastern Arkansas in the mid-1930s. The STFU became the most important social action on the part of landless agricultural workers during the Great Depression and one of the most significant critics of the New Deal and the Agricultural Adjustment Administration. This study examines the STFU as a dramatic expression of the Social Gospel in the South during the 1930s and as a representation of the cooperative work of radical and moderate American leftists during the interwar period. From its inception, the STFU faced the violent opposition of planters and local authorities, yet the union managed to survive until the end of the decade as a result of talented leadership, the effectiveness of its organizational strategy, and the patronage of influential leftist leaders around the nation. The plight of the sharecroppers attracted the concern and attention of the eastern liberal establishment, Socialist leaders such as Norman Thomas, and the Communist Party. However, southern progressive leaders such as Harry Leland Mitchell, a former sharecropper turned political radical from west Tennessee, always led the union. The STFU also drew members of a new generation of southern seminary-trained social activists. These "Radical Prophets," through work with southern labor and national organizations such as the NAACP and the Fellowship of Reconciliation, injected the Social Gospel theology taught by social activists and university professors such as Alva Taylor at Vanderbilt University with a Marxist inspired desire to revolutionize southern economic and social institutions in keeping with the philosophy of modern theologians such as Reinhold Niebuhr. Southern labor leaders, radical ministers, regional black leaders, and white and black country preachers, combined in the STFU, and the potent mixture allowed the union to quickly organize thousands of the nation's most impoverished and disenfranchised in a valiant though ill-fated effort to reform southern society. This thesis also presents the STFU as a microcosm of the dissolution of the American left consensus as the Great Depression came to an end. By the early 1940s, the union had all but disappeared after having reached a peak of 35,000 members. Although the pressures associated with affiliation with an international union and the changing demographics of the Delta South were the direct causes of the union's failure, ideological rifts between the radical and moderate leaders of the union, as closely observed below in the split between the "Radical Prophets" Howard Kester and Claude Williams, hastened the STFU's demise. By analyzing the letters and first-hand accounts of STFU leaders and organizers in the context of radical Christianity and leftist political and social thought, this study provides a new perspective concerning the STFU which addresses the place of the union in 1930s intellectual history and as a manifestation of the often overlooked radical progressive tradition that existed in the South during the period.
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Date Issued: 2004
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-0764
Format: Thesis

Title: A Rough, Wet Ride: The Civilian Genesis of the American Motor Torpedo Boat.
Creator: Wiser, Edward H., Jones, James P., Chanton, Jeffrey, Creswell, Michael C., Grant, Jonathan, Garretson, Peter, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Dwight Eisenhower once warned of an insidious collusion between industry and government that threatened to become master of United States domestic and foreign policy. His warning came too late, of course, for the threat had already become reality before he spoke. But there were and are positive elements to the merger of interests, and one of them was the infusion of civilian small craft expertise into the arena of national defense. This dissertation is an overview of the evolution of small...
Show moreDwight Eisenhower once warned of an insidious collusion between industry and government that threatened to become master of United States domestic and foreign policy. His warning came too late, of course, for the threat had already become reality before he spoke. But there were and are positive elements to the merger of interests, and one of them was the infusion of civilian small craft expertise into the arena of national defense. This dissertation is an overview of the evolution of small combatant craft in the United States Navy and demonstrates that the most successful of these boats have consistently come from the civilian sector. The history of this intercourse is traced from its origins in the American Revolution through its ultimate incarnation of the motor torpedo boat of World War Two. Experience in Vietnam and ongoing counter-terror and drug interception operations worldwide, demonstrates conclusively that rugged, efficient boats for security, patrol, and combat are still an essential factor in law enforcement, homeland defense, and power projection, and the services have come to rely increasingly upon the domestic small craft industry to supply them.
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Date Issued: 2009
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-0922
Format: Thesis

Title: Veterans at War: The American Legion and Civilian Mobilization in World War II.
Creator: Griffin, Christopher W. (Christopher Wayne), Grant, Jonathan, Souva, Mark, Jones, James P., Creswell, Michael, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This dissertation analyzes the role of the American Legion in the mobilization of World War II, focusing on its civilian defense and salvage programs. These programs demonstrate the contest between voluntary associations and the federal government to shape and control the development of federal programs as state responsibility expanded into new areas of American life. Though ultimately unsuccessful in its efforts to control the programs the American Legion exerted tremendous influence on them...
Show moreThis dissertation analyzes the role of the American Legion in the mobilization of World War II, focusing on its civilian defense and salvage programs. These programs demonstrate the contest between voluntary associations and the federal government to shape and control the development of federal programs as state responsibility expanded into new areas of American life. Though ultimately unsuccessful in its efforts to control the programs the American Legion exerted tremendous influence on them. Its size and presence in nearly every community ensured the American Legion positions and influence at every level of the federal civilian defense and salvage programs. Expertise gained through early civilian defense exercises and the exploratory Mission to England in 1941 positioned Legionnaires well to become leaders within civilian defense. The Legion's strong local and national structure made it one of the most successful organizers of salvage drives. Veterans experienced the Second World War in unique ways that were directly linked to their military experiences in previous wars. They had wartime memories of what life was like on the front lines and tried to use those experiences to better the lives of the new generation of soldiers and to improve home front support of military personnel. Animosities created during World War I toward war profiteers, "shirkers," and subversive forces, greatly influenced the Legion in World War II. Veteran studies, which have viewed veterans as post-war actors, would benefit from considering the activities of veterans in future wars.
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Date Issued: 2012
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-5357
Format: Thesis

Title: Lasting Resonance: The National Vietnam Veterans Memorial's Influence on Two Northern Florida Veterans Memorials.
Creator: Boyd, Jessamyn Daniel, Koslow, Jen, Creswell, Michael, Jones, James P., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: When the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund adopted Maya Lin's design proposal in 1981, the veterans' non-profit organization and the young architect had no idea that the National Vietnam Veterans Memorial would ultimately change the perspective on traditional war memorials. From Lin's design, a new tradition would arise placing the focal point of these memorials on the individual's sacrifice and the names of the dead for proper commemoration. Today, when we reflect upon the National Vietnam...
Show moreWhen the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund adopted Maya Lin's design proposal in 1981, the veterans' non-profit organization and the young architect had no idea that the National Vietnam Veterans Memorial would ultimately change the perspective on traditional war memorials. From Lin's design, a new tradition would arise placing the focal point of these memorials on the individual's sacrifice and the names of the dead for proper commemoration. Today, when we reflect upon the National Vietnam Veterans Memorial, many of us embrace its unique and lasting response to personal tragedy during the Vietnam War. As states and local communities began to reflect upon war and propose monuments and memorials following the national memorial's dedication in 1982, their decisions were ultimately affected by this new approach to traditional remembrance. This work focuses on two cities in northern Florida, Tallahassee and Jacksonville. These two communities responded to Lin's new approach while maintaining their own unique points of view. The memorial to be placed in Tallahassee would represent the state's commemoration of its Vietnam War veterans, while the Jacksonville memorial would honor all the city's veterans of 20th century military conflicts. This work examines the political and cultural effects of the national memorial on the two cities. The impact of Lin's new focal point had parlayed itself from national, to state, to local levels. Thus, the Florida Vietnam Veterans Memorial and the Jacksonville Veterans Memorial Wall were able to advance the idea of the traditional war memorial through the underlying influence of the National Vietnam Veterans Memorial.
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Date Issued: 2007
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-3448
Format: Thesis

Title: Essays on Power, Resolve and International Conflict.
Creator: Conrad, Justin M., Souva, Mark, Jones, James P., Moore, Will H., Siegel, David A., Department of Political Science, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This dissertation consists of three individual essays which examine the relationship between interstate power distributions, hostile interstate relationships, and international conflict. Chapter 2 argues that strategic interstate relationships can affect the amount of terrorism that a state experiences, and should be considered along with 'traditional' determinants of terrorism, such as domestic institutional and macroeconomic variables. The study specifically looks at state sponsorship of...
Show moreThis dissertation consists of three individual essays which examine the relationship between interstate power distributions, hostile interstate relationships, and international conflict. Chapter 2 argues that strategic interstate relationships can affect the amount of terrorism that a state experiences, and should be considered along with 'traditional' determinants of terrorism, such as domestic institutional and macroeconomic variables. The study specifically looks at state sponsorship of terrorism, arguing that while we cannot reliably identify state sponsors of terror, we can indirectly observe relevant evidence of state sponsorship. To support this claim, the study examines the annual number of transnational terrorist attacks that occurred in all countries during the period 1975-2003. The results demonstrate that states involved in ongoing rivalries with other states are the victims of more terrorist attacks than states that are not involved in such hostile interstate relationships. Chapter 3 argues that states are most likely to turn to sponsorship of foreign terrorist groups when they are unable to achieve their goals through conventional warfare. Unlike situations of power parity, where two states may both view their probability of success in armed conflict to be high, asymmetric power relationships typically lead at least one state to conclude it has a small chance of victory. In a such a scenario, a weaker state may consider sponsorship of terrorist attacks against a stronger state as an alternative to direct confrontation. The results indicate that dyads experience a greater number of transnational attacks when one state is significantly more powerful than the other state. Further, most of these attacks are executed against the stronger state, suggesting that state sponsorship of terrorism is a tool used by weak states against their stronger adversaries, especially when the probability of military retaliation is low. Chapter 4 examines the conventional wisdom that the aggregate capabilities and credibility of military alliances influence a challenger's decision to attack another a state. This study argues that alliance capability and credibility matter, but not because they directly affect the mean of the distribution of conflict, as is commonly assumed. Instead, these alliance characteristics influence the probability of conflict primarily by affecting the uncertainty level of potential challengers. When two states and their respective allies have comparable levels of power, the challenger is more uncertain about its own expectation of victory; as a result, there is greater variance in conflict initiation under power parity. Similarly, when a target state's alliance partners are generally non-democratic, the challenger is more uncertain about the credibility of the alliance, and there is greater variance in the challenger's decision to attack. The results of a heteroskedastic probit analysis suggest that, in both cases, greater variance ultimately leads to a greater probability of conflict.
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Date Issued: 2011
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-3428
Format: Thesis

Title: "The Naples of America": Pensacola during the Civil War and Reconstruction.
Creator: Brackett, John Matthew, Richardson, Joe M., Jones, James P., Strait, Paul W., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This thesis covers two critical time periods of the history of Pensacola, Florida. The first examines the Civil War and the second covers Reconstruction. The study begins with the Union's occupation of Fort Pickens located on Santa Rosa Island and evaluate's the North's strategy in occupying the position. To illustrate the fort's strengths, the thesis provides accounts of the battle of Santa Rosa Island and the subsequent artillery duels. Because of its limited importance during the war,...
Show moreThis thesis covers two critical time periods of the history of Pensacola, Florida. The first examines the Civil War and the second covers Reconstruction. The study begins with the Union's occupation of Fort Pickens located on Santa Rosa Island and evaluate's the North's strategy in occupying the position. To illustrate the fort's strengths, the thesis provides accounts of the battle of Santa Rosa Island and the subsequent artillery duels. Because of its limited importance during the war, neither side placed much emphasis on Pensacola. As a result, the city was not the site of a major engagement. In 1862, the Confederates abandoned the city and the Union quickly took over, but limited manpower prevented an adequate occupation forcing the federals to remain within the safety of their installations until the end of the war. Pensacola had an easier transition to the post war nation, because of two factors, the military and the timber industry. The federal government kept enough personnel to properly man the forts and Navy Yard, and as a result the soldiers' presence prevented lawlessness and ensured the enforcement of the Reconstruction Acts. While other areas of the South endured poverty due to the failure of cotton crops, Pensacola's economy grew as the demand for lumber increased. West Florida's vast longleaf pine forests provided an almost unlimited supply of timber, and the region's sawmills flourished. This provided a large number of wage paying jobs that kept Pensacola's residents out of poverty. Along with providing employment, the timber industry boosted the shipping traffic entering and leaving the city's port. The city also faced other issues that affected its events between 1861 and 1877 such as yellow fever, railroads, and the possibility of annexation to Alabama. Each of these aspects influenced the development of Pensacola and its residents. Yellow fever prevented the city from becoming a haven for tourists seeking a healthier climate, and the lack of a railroad connection with Tallahassee prompted Alabama to propose annexation. The combination of these factors along with the military and timber industry gave Pensacola a unique situation during the Civil War and Reconstruction.
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-3420
Format: Thesis

Title: The Demise of Patronage: Garfield, the Midterm Election, and the Passage of the Pendleton Civil Service Act.
Creator: Uhler, Kevin A., Jones, James P., Grant, Jonathan, Jumonville, Neil, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This study explores the role of the assassination of President James Abram Garfield and the midterm election of 1882 in compelling the 47th Congress to pass the Pendleton Civil Service Act in January 1883. Relying on the manuscript collections of major Gilded Age political figures and contemporary newspapers/periodicals, this thesis showcases the rapid changes in public opinion regarding the civil service reform movement, specifically from the inauguration of President Garfield in 1881 to the...
Show moreThis study explores the role of the assassination of President James Abram Garfield and the midterm election of 1882 in compelling the 47th Congress to pass the Pendleton Civil Service Act in January 1883. Relying on the manuscript collections of major Gilded Age political figures and contemporary newspapers/periodicals, this thesis showcases the rapid changes in public opinion regarding the civil service reform movement, specifically from the inauguration of President Garfield in 1881 to the passage of the Pendleton Act. During his few short months as president, Garfield, like most presidents of the late nineteenth century, became consumed with distributing the spoils to his supporters. Unfortunately, Garfield, a Republican, faced the growing divide of two factions in his party: the Stalwarts and the Half-Breeds. Garfield's actions in the spring and early summer of 1881 demonstrated his alliance with the Half-Breeds, led by his Secretary of State, James G. Blaine, a group that opposed the Stalwarts, led by Senator Roscoe Conkling of New York. By early July 1881, Garfield defeated Conkling, who resigned from the Senate in protest; however, Garfield's short-lived victory ended when Charles Julius Guiteau, an assassin, shot the president in a Washington train depot on 2 July 1881. Garfield lingered along for almost three months, until his wounds finally overpowered him on 19 September 1881. During the eighty days that he struggled to survive, the public closely followed their chief executive's condition and frequently suggested various treatments to aid in Garfield's recovery. After Garfield's death, his vice-president, Chester Alan Arthur, assumed the presidency amidst the skepticism of many Republicans and reformers. Arthur, a longtime friend and crony of Senator Conkling, attempted to remain neutral during his first months in office, primarily in an effort to calm the public's tensions. As the summer of 1882 approached, the civil service reformers continued whipping up public outrage toward patronage. The political dealings of Representative Jay A. Hubbell of Michigan, who chaired a committee that asked for voluntary contributions from government employees, provided additional fuel for the public's anger. As the election season began late in the summer of 1882, widespread disapproval toward the spoils system began influencing the campaigns in many critical states. After the November elections, the majority in the House of Representatives shifted from the Republicans to the Democrats. Meeting in December 1882, the Republican-controlled 47th Congress began seriously considering legislation to reform the civil service before their terms expired. Senator George Hunt Pendleton of Ohio, who a year earlier introduced his bill to the Senate, once again put his measure on the floor. Over the course of two weeks, the Senate debated and amended various aspects of the bill, which they passed in late December. A few days later, in early January, the House passed the bill and sent it off to President Arthur. On 16 January 1883, Arthur signed the Pendleton Civil Service Act into law, the first major piece of civil service reform legislation.
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Date Issued: 2011
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-6033
Format: Thesis

Title: Waterloo in Myth and Memory: The Battles of Waterloo 1815-1915.
Creator: Fitzpatrick, Timothy, Blaufarb, Rafe, Boutin, Amiée, Jones, James P., Creswell, Michael, Grant, Jonathan, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This work examines memory of the Battle of Waterloo. There have been hundreds of works on the Battle of Waterloo but what this work does is to examine how works in several genres change over time. The memory of Waterloo was not static but changed several times over and over again. The myth of Waterloo was created, challenged and renegotiated several times. What makes this project significant is that it is not a battle history of Waterloo but a history of the battle over the battle's...
Show moreThis work examines memory of the Battle of Waterloo. There have been hundreds of works on the Battle of Waterloo but what this work does is to examine how works in several genres change over time. The memory of Waterloo was not static but changed several times over and over again. The myth of Waterloo was created, challenged and renegotiated several times. What makes this project significant is that it is not a battle history of Waterloo but a history of the battle over the battle's significance in history. It combines several different approaches using biography, literary criticism, historiography, art and monuments to explore the history of the myths and memory of Waterloo. This interpretation combines those approaches in a new way to look at how cultural myths and legends about a battle can be made and challenged. It also examines the successes and failures of interpretations in making "the" History of a battle. It uses sources from the battlefield tourists and participants of different cultural events in addition to the primary historical figures involved. It is intentionally not a work of archival sources but of cultural ones. This project makes several points about the historical significance of the Battle of Waterloo. Wellington and Napoleon tried to shape the memory and history of the battle to their advantage. Others willingly helped Wellington and Napoleon make legends and myths of the battle like Henry Barker, Sir Walter Scott, Emmanuel Las Cases, and Gaspard Gourgaud. The memory of Waterloo was contested. Victor Hugo successfully challenged the myths and legends of the battle while Marshal Grouchy and William Siborne were not successful. Military theorist like Clausewitz and Jomini used the battle as a blueprint for future wars and a guide for understanding the essence of war in general. The myths and memories of the battle Waterloo were intertwined into the national identities of both Britain and France.
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Date Issued: 2013
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-8701
Format: Thesis

Title: Born to Be Feral: An Evolutionary History of Domestic Animals in the American South.
Creator: Gibson, Abraham Hill, Davis, Frederick Rowe, Ruse, Michael, Frank, Andrew, Jones, James P., Koslow, Jennifer, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This project examines the long, complicated relationship between humans and domestic animals in southeastern North America. More specifically, it examines the tightly interwoven evolutionary histories of humans, dogs, pigs, and horses in the region south of the Potomac River and east of the Appalachian Mountains (present-day Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida). The relationship between humans and domestic animals has changed, sometimes drastically, during every...
Show moreThis project examines the long, complicated relationship between humans and domestic animals in southeastern North America. More specifically, it examines the tightly interwoven evolutionary histories of humans, dogs, pigs, and horses in the region south of the Potomac River and east of the Appalachian Mountains (present-day Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida). The relationship between humans and domestic animals has changed, sometimes drastically, during every single era of southern history, and those changes have had profound evolutionary consequences for all parties involved. As society and culture have changed, the selective pressures that shape domestic populations have also changed. Invariably, some creatures have remained subject to direct anthropogenic selection, while others have not. Those animals who establish residency in the wild, free from direct anthropogenic influence, are technically neither domestic nor wild, and are instead relabeled feral. If we really want to understand humanity's historical relationship with domestic animals, then we cannot simply ignore the ones who went feral. This is especially true in southeastern North America, where social norms have long promoted ferality and where the continent's largest and most diverse collection of feral animals currently resides. This project is particularly interested in the factors that have influenced the genetic composition and biogeographic distribution of domestic and feral populations over the years. This method of analysis not only provides one with a new way of understanding southern history, but also allows one to draw broader inferences about present and future conditions. The evidence reveals that southerners, like all Americans, have grown increasingly divorced from the rest of nature, and that the trend is accelerating.
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Date Issued: 2013
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-8702
Format: Thesis

Title: Making Internationalism Personal: The Great Depression and America's Advocates for International Cooperation, 1929-1936.
Creator: Goodman, Joshua L., Creswell, Michael, Jones, James P., Upchurch, Charles, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Between the world wars, Wilsonian activists called for the United States to use its power, money, and influence to help neutralize the volatile atmosphere in Europe and Asia and foster a cooperative global community to prevent war and settle international disputes rationally. These 'internationalists' were mostly intellectuals and publicists associated with universities, prominent foundations, and non-profit organizations such as the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and the Foreign...
Show moreBetween the world wars, Wilsonian activists called for the United States to use its power, money, and influence to help neutralize the volatile atmosphere in Europe and Asia and foster a cooperative global community to prevent war and settle international disputes rationally. These 'internationalists' were mostly intellectuals and publicists associated with universities, prominent foundations, and non-profit organizations such as the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and the Foreign Policy Association. While a number of historians either downplay the importance of this group in policymaking or label them as idealists detached from the mainstream beat of American public opinion in the interwar period, internationalists' activities during the Great Depression indicate that they were more alert to reality than some writers suggest. This thesis explores a three-part revolution in the internationalist movement in the United States, whereby Wilsonian activists confronted the economic downturn of the early 1930s as both a challenge and an opportunity. On the one hand, the hardships of the Great Depression turned most Americans toward nationalist solutions for the crisis designed to put 'America first,' at the expense of the internationalist worldview the Wilsonians were working to cultivate. Moreover, the organizations and individuals who supported this non-governmental movement were not immune from the Depression themselves, and over the course of the 1930s their funding began to wither. Despite these problems, internationalists also used the Depression as an opportunity to reform their movement to make it more relevant and palatable to a wider public. This revolution took place in three categories. First, Wilsonians dropped their traditional vague arguments in favor of international cooperation and substituted an unyielding attack on economic nationalism, which they believed had caused the Great Depression and could engulf the world in another general war if left unchecked. They also supplemented their existing tactics for educating public opinion with new initiatives designed to shine a spotlight on the problems of the Depression for the largest possible number of Americans. Whereas their earlier efforts had focused on university students and the elite, 1930s internationalists launched a real campaign to bring Wilsonianism to the everyday American. Finally, in light of the fiscal constraints of the economic downturn during this period, internationalists were forced to streamline their movement by prioritizing their work and pooling resources to support only the best and most promising avenues of action. What these intellectuals considered the most promising is indicative of the lessons the Depression taught them. Altogether, these changes demonstrate that Wilsonians are deserving of attention in the historiography of American foreign policy in the inter-war period, since they did make a concerted effort to shape popular opinion about America's place in a global community, and their activities confirm that they did far more than bat about ideas that had no connection to the dire realities of the Great Depression.
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Date Issued: 2010
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-7146
Format: Thesis

Title: Perspectives on Infantry: Quality and Cohesion- Comparison of American, British, and German Army Manpower Policies and Effects on the Infantry Small Unit during the Second World War, 1939-1945.
Creator: Lauer, George Stephen, Creswell, Michael, Souva, Mark, Grant, Jonathan, Jones, James P., Friedman, Max Paul, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The outcomes of the military manpower policies of the major Western Powers of the Second World War, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States during the Second World War, form the basis for this study. Through an examination of the results achieved by these nations for the selection and assignment of infantry combat soldiers, the intent is to compare and contrast the manner and method by which these men were placed into small combat units and the effect on the development of unit...
Show moreThe outcomes of the military manpower policies of the major Western Powers of the Second World War, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States during the Second World War, form the basis for this study. Through an examination of the results achieved by these nations for the selection and assignment of infantry combat soldiers, the intent is to compare and contrast the manner and method by which these men were placed into small combat units and the effect on the development of unit cohesion as a result. The key comparison lies between the Anglo-American infantry and the German infantry, and sets out to illuminate the reasons for the German soldier's observed reputation for extraordinary tenacity in the face of overwhelming odds as the war progressed to its end. The conclusion reached here is that these observed German combat soldier traits were the result of the holistic application of a variety of organizational and manpower decisions. The most important of these was the quality of the conscripted individual assigned to a line infantry division for an infantry small unit. German focus on the quality of the combat soldier was the key contrast to the United States and British Army infantry. This was the basis for the German combat soldier's reputation for cohesive behavior and perseverance in combat in the experience of his primary adversaries.
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Date Issued: 2010
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-7179
Format: Thesis

Title: Retracing the New Left: The SDS Outcasts.
Creator: Mikhail, Adam, Jumonville, Neil, Jones, James P., Harper, Kristine C., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: There comes a time in 1963/4 when many in the New Left/SDS start to perceive that the movement is high on analysis and low on action. They have ample idealism, but it's never acted upon. Harnessing this desire to act tangibly, SDS splits into two distinctive and opposing factions, the Political Education Project (PEP) and the Economic Research and Action Project (ERAP). PEP recognizes the threat posed by Barry Goldwater's nomination as the Republican Party's presidential candidate in 1964 as...
Show moreThere comes a time in 1963/4 when many in the New Left/SDS start to perceive that the movement is high on analysis and low on action. They have ample idealism, but it's never acted upon. Harnessing this desire to act tangibly, SDS splits into two distinctive and opposing factions, the Political Education Project (PEP) and the Economic Research and Action Project (ERAP). PEP recognizes the threat posed by Barry Goldwater's nomination as the Republican Party's presidential candidate in 1964 as the beginning of a shift in American culture and politics that could seriously inhibit "leftward" politics. PEP leaders (Steve Max and Jim Williams) try to mobilize support for the Democratic Party, much to the chagrin of the rest of SDS, who view these acts as adhering to the "old way" of fostering change. Instead, SDS focuses on ERAP, a multi-city organization that aims to bring about an interracial movement of the poor through community organizing. This study argues that historians have too often focused on the community organizing faction of SDS in an effort to continue a narrative that leads the most active part of the organization, the Vietnam War protests in the later 1960s. In doing so, they have incorrectly ignored that the actual tenets of the New Left were carried on by PEP.
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Date Issued: 2013
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-8604
Format: Thesis

Title: Imperial Glory or Appeasement?: The Cliveden Set's Influence on British Foreign Policy during the Inter-War Period.
Creator: Valladares, David M., Creswell, Michael, Grant, Jonathan, Jones, James P., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The Cliveden Set was a 1930s right-wing, upper class group of prominent individuals who were politically influential in Britain during the interwar period. The group's members included notable politicians, journalist, and aristocrats such as Nancy Astor, Geoffrey Dawson, Philip Kerr, Edward Wood, and Robert Brand. The term 'Cliveden Set,' meant as a pejorative term, was coined by journalist Claud Cockburn who wrote for the newspaper The Week. Though initially considered to be a scapegoat for...
Show moreThe Cliveden Set was a 1930s right-wing, upper class group of prominent individuals who were politically influential in Britain during the interwar period. The group's members included notable politicians, journalist, and aristocrats such as Nancy Astor, Geoffrey Dawson, Philip Kerr, Edward Wood, and Robert Brand. The term 'Cliveden Set,' meant as a pejorative term, was coined by journalist Claud Cockburn who wrote for the newspaper The Week. Though initially considered to be a scapegoat for pre-World War two anxieties, the Cliveden Set surreptitiously formulated and enforced a British foreign policy that supported Hitler's rearmament and the annexation of Austria and Czechoslovakia. Their goal in doing so was to preserve British Imperial rule and unification of their dominions. By applying the formula of imperial unification that was demonstrated by Alfred Milner during South African reconstruction, and by adopting the template of imperial preservation exercised by Milner's Kindergarten, The Cliveden Set's role in the developments that led to World War II proves substantial.
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Date Issued: 2014
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-8904
Format: Thesis

Title: "Everyday Soldiers": The Florida Brigade of the West, 1861-1862.
Creator: Sheppard, Jonathan C., Jones, James P., Wynot, Edward D., Gray, Edward G., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Between 1861 and 1865 Florida placed 15,000 of its citizens under the Confederate banner. Nearly 6,000 of these civilians-turned-soldiers, in six regiments, would see service in the Western theater, or the area encompassing the lands between the Appalachian Mountains in the East and the Mississippi River in the West. Other than Fort Donelson, Florida troops were present in every campaign fought by the Army of Tennessee, the most well-known Confederate Army in the theater. Through casualties,...
Show moreBetween 1861 and 1865 Florida placed 15,000 of its citizens under the Confederate banner. Nearly 6,000 of these civilians-turned-soldiers, in six regiments, would see service in the Western theater, or the area encompassing the lands between the Appalachian Mountains in the East and the Mississippi River in the West. Other than Fort Donelson, Florida troops were present in every campaign fought by the Army of Tennessee, the most well-known Confederate Army in the theater. Through casualties, sickness, and desertion, the brigade's number declined and at the surrender of the Army in 1865, little more than 350 remained to follow the colors. Through "Everyday Soldiers," the story of these regiments will be told, from their inceptions in Florida in the first year and a half of the conflict, through the disastrous Confederate campaign into Kentucky in the late summer and early fall of 1862. Few other theses have dealt with this unit, and in the instances that some did, few pages were devoted to their activities. This thesis will eventually become apart of the first complete history of the "Florida Brigade." Furthermore, through the letters, diaries, and memoirs of these soldiers from Florida, the lives of the soldier of the western theater can be discovered.
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Date Issued: 2004
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-1770
Format: Thesis

Title: From Pearl Harbor to Peace: The Gendered Shipyard Experience in Tampa.
Creator: Tanner, Stacy Lynn, Sinke, Suzanne, Stoltzfus, Nathan, Jones, James P., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: An elaboration on the story of the wartime shipyards in Tampa is due. This reevaluation of the conditions of the workers includes a depiction of some of the issues that women workers faced. In addition, the efforts of government officials, the managements of the shipyards, and the individual worker are revealed to better understand this home front industry in Tampa and its effect on the postwar development of the area. The reflections of three shipyard workers are included in order to...
Show moreAn elaboration on the story of the wartime shipyards in Tampa is due. This reevaluation of the conditions of the workers includes a depiction of some of the issues that women workers faced. In addition, the efforts of government officials, the managements of the shipyards, and the individual worker are revealed to better understand this home front industry in Tampa and its effect on the postwar development of the area. The reflections of three shipyard workers are included in order to comprehend the sacrifices of these workers and to further evaluate the impact of the home front experience on women's lives.
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-1699
Format: Thesis

Title: The Royal Navy in the Baltic from 1807-1812.
Creator: Raymond, David J. (David John), Grant, Jonathon, Souva, Mark, Blaufarb, Rafe, Creswell, Michael, Jones, James P., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This dissertation presents and analyzes British Naval Operations in the Baltic during the Napoleonic War. In addition, Political and Economic Relations between Britain and the nations bordering the Baltic will be addressed, in particular Denmark, Sweden and Russia. The intent is to present a comprehensive portrayal of a largely overlooked period of Naval and Napoleonic History.
Date Issued: 2010
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-1883
Format: Thesis

Title: "The Art and Mystery of Shipbuilding": An Archaeological Study of Shipyards, Shipwrights and Shipbuilding in Somerset County, Maryland 1660-1900.
Creator: Moser, Jason D., Marrinan, Rochelle A., Jones, James P., Doran, Glen, Shepartz, Lynne A., Department of Anthropology, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Maritime archaeological sites located in the inter-tidal zone are common throughout the world. Such sites are difficult to investigate yet their state of preservation often provides unique archaeological data unavailable on most terrestrial sites. This study outlines a model and a process for understanding shipyards, their contexts, and ways in which to compare particular sites and groups of sites. This study investigates the maritime landscape of historic shipbuilding sites on the Lower...
Show moreMaritime archaeological sites located in the inter-tidal zone are common throughout the world. Such sites are difficult to investigate yet their state of preservation often provides unique archaeological data unavailable on most terrestrial sites. This study outlines a model and a process for understanding shipyards, their contexts, and ways in which to compare particular sites and groups of sites. This study investigates the maritime landscape of historic shipbuilding sites on the Lower Eastern Shore of the Chesapeake Bay where shipbuilding was conducted both by small family operated and large commercial shipbuilding facilities. This investigation combines the direct historical approach using primary and secondary historical sources and integrates these data into a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based predictive model. The study develops a typology based on historical and archaeological data to develop a series of idealized models of shipyard design and organization. These models test the relative importance of socio-cultural and environmental variables in the formation and development of the shipbuilding industry. These models were tested by identifying and classifying shipyards in old Somerset County, Maryland to compare them with the idealized models. This study contextualizes site specific data into more rigorous and less particularistic archaeological models of maritime resources than previously developed.
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Date Issued: 2011
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-2232
Format: Thesis

Title: 28 January 1980, Blackthorn and Capricorn: Collision with History in Tampa Bay.
Creator: Nunez, Judy Kay, Doran, Glen H., Sellers, Robin J., Jones, James P., Program in American and Florida Studies, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: It was a quiet night as the crew of the Coast Guard cutter Blackthorn headed back to duty. After over three months of receiving new equipment and getting badly needed repairs, it was finally time to return her home to Galveston, Texas and regular duty. At approximately 2021 e.s.t. 28 January 1980, none of her new equipment or upgrades was enough to protect her from what lay ahead. For as fate would have it, unknowingly she had spent over three months preparing for nothing more than twenty...
Show moreIt was a quiet night as the crew of the Coast Guard cutter Blackthorn headed back to duty. After over three months of receiving new equipment and getting badly needed repairs, it was finally time to return her home to Galveston, Texas and regular duty. At approximately 2021 e.s.t. 28 January 1980, none of her new equipment or upgrades was enough to protect her from what lay ahead. For as fate would have it, unknowingly she had spent over three months preparing for nothing more than twenty-three men and her own burial. The dawning of 28 January 1980 was significant inasmuch as it marked the sixty-fifth anniversary of the United States Coast Guard. By nightfall, however, this date would take on an additional, more somber, meaning. For during the evening hours of 28 January 1980, Blackthorn collided with the tanker, Capricorn, resulting in death of twenty-three servicemen, and this date remains the worst peacetime loss of life in Coast Guard history. The accident became the catalyst for the creation of a new school intended to prevent the recurrence of any such events. But before the Command and Operations School at the Coast Guard Academy ever accepted its first student, a lot of soul searching had to happen and some tough questions had to be answered by both the agency that patrolled the sea and the men who navigated it. What happened? Why did it happen? Could it have been avoided? Did any good result from this disaster? For some, these questions still linger.
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Date Issued: 003.
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-2495
Format: Thesis

Title: Flawed, but Essential: Mark W. Clark and the Italian Campaign in World War II.
Creator: Mikolashek, Jon, Jones, James P., Stallins, Tony, Friedman, Max Paul, Gellately, Robert, Creswell, Michael, Department of Art History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The wartime career of General Mark W. Clark has never been critically analyzed. This study addresses that missing scholarship. This dissertation examines the wartime career of General Clark beginning with his arrival in England in 1942 to the end of the war in May 1945. Aside from Clark's career and achievements, the study further examines the reasons the United States went to war in Italy and decided to stay.
Date Issued: 2007
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-2441
Format: Thesis

Title: Slavery and Its Aftermath: The Archeological and Historical Record at Magnolia Plantation.
Creator: Miller, Christina E., Conner, Valerie J., Doran, Glen H., Jones, James P., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: In 1996, Magnolia Plantation in Natchitoches Parish Louisiana was transferred to the National Park Service as part of the Cane River Creole National Historic Park. Between 1996 and 1999, the National Park Service conducted archeological investigations at the plantation's former slave cabins that were constructed circa 1845. Because the cabins were occupied from before the Civil War to the 1970s, they present a unique opportunity to view over 100 years worth of material remains left behind by...
Show moreIn 1996, Magnolia Plantation in Natchitoches Parish Louisiana was transferred to the National Park Service as part of the Cane River Creole National Historic Park. Between 1996 and 1999, the National Park Service conducted archeological investigations at the plantation's former slave cabins that were constructed circa 1845. Because the cabins were occupied from before the Civil War to the 1970s, they present a unique opportunity to view over 100 years worth of material remains left behind by black freedmen and freedwomen and subsequent generations of black agricultural workers. This study examines their standard of living using both documentary and archeological sources.
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Date Issued: 2004
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-2431
Format: Thesis

Title: Casualties of Unification?: Understanding the Various Interpretations of the Dissolution of the Nationale Volksarmee and the Integration of Its Members into the Bundeswehr.
Creator: Weidanz, Roy R., Stoltzfus, Nathan, Adamovich, Ljubisa S., Jones, James P., Program in Russian and East European Studies, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Over the last few years the military aspect of German unification has received positive media coverage, which has prompted some to apply the term Armee der Einheit (Armed Forces of Unity) to describe the Bundeswehr of today. However, there are others who have argued that this term is inappropriate, as the process that occurred between the two militaries was a one-sided procedure that almost entirely favored the Bundeswehr (West German armed forces). After the NVA (East German armed forces)...
Show moreOver the last few years the military aspect of German unification has received positive media coverage, which has prompted some to apply the term Armee der Einheit (Armed Forces of Unity) to describe the Bundeswehr of today. However, there are others who have argued that this term is inappropriate, as the process that occurred between the two militaries was a one-sided procedure that almost entirely favored the Bundeswehr (West German armed forces). After the NVA (East German armed forces) was dissolved, only a limited number of its personnel was taken over into the West German military and an even smaller amount eventually became permanent Bundeswehr soldiers. Furthermore, the process did not occur without some form of sacrifice placed upon most of the NVA personnel. As a result, there are a variety of interpretations on the dissolution of the NVA and the integration of its personnel into the Bundeswehr. Thus, one of the main challenges to understanding the event is to analyze how and why divergent interpretations have been derived, which in turn will help in the comprehension of the overall unification event as well as the open issues that continue to have a psychological impact on the former East Germans.
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-1220
Format: Thesis

Title: The Rise of Radicalism in Antebellum Florida Politics: 1845-1856.
Creator: Weitz, Seth A., Jones, James P., Green, Elna C., Wynot, Edward, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The political culture of the 1850's was largely dictated by emotional rather than rational thought. Nowhere was this closer to reality than in the Deep South. Florida, while largely insignificant on the national level, underwent a transformation during the 1850's from a conservative society to a fire eating haven dominated by the South Carolina School of Politics. This thesis examines the metamorphosis that took place within the state from Florida's admission to the Union as the twenty...
Show moreThe political culture of the 1850's was largely dictated by emotional rather than rational thought. Nowhere was this closer to reality than in the Deep South. Florida, while largely insignificant on the national level, underwent a transformation during the 1850's from a conservative society to a fire eating haven dominated by the South Carolina School of Politics. This thesis examines the metamorphosis that took place within the state from Florida's admission to the Union as the twenty-seventh state in 1845 through the collapse of the two party political system in 1856. Antebellum Florida politics was dominated by the region of Middle Florida, known as the black belt because its economy was driven by the institution of slavery. This region, except for Jefferson County, was staunchly Whig in the early years of statehood. The radical element of society, mainly the fire eating Democrats led by David Levy Yulee, John C. McGehee, James E. Broome, and Madison Starke Perry, wanted to ally the state with extremist South Carolina but could not do so as long as the planter aristocracy felt a strong allegiance to the conservative Whigs. The security felt by the planter class within the Whig party began to erode during the Crisis of 1850 and, once this powerful group defected to the Democratic Party the state was ready to follow South Carolina in breaking the bonds of Union.
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Date Issued: 2004
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-1197
Format: Thesis

Title: Slavery and Antislavery in the Founding of Georgia and New South Wales.
Creator: Craig, Winfield Scott, Gray, Edward, Jones, James P., Oshatz, Mary, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This thesis examines the development of antislavery ideologies in both colonial Georgia and New South Wales. It unveils the reasoning behind the creation of Georgia, as a colony that would serve as a receptacle for debtors and the English poor, and traces the rise and fall of a new colonial paradigm that would have excluded slavery in the New World. Though the Georgia project ultimately failed, a similar ideology was developed in the founding of the penal colony, New South Wales. Slavery was...
Show moreThis thesis examines the development of antislavery ideologies in both colonial Georgia and New South Wales. It unveils the reasoning behind the creation of Georgia, as a colony that would serve as a receptacle for debtors and the English poor, and traces the rise and fall of a new colonial paradigm that would have excluded slavery in the New World. Though the Georgia project ultimately failed, a similar ideology was developed in the founding of the penal colony, New South Wales. Slavery was again excluded from a colony in the British Empire, as an endless supply of convict laborers became the equivalent of slaves. Convict transportation to Australia was eventually stopped in the nineteenth century, and as a result Queensland planters turned to the race-based slavery of South Sea Islanders.
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Date Issued: 2010
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-3227
Format: Thesis

Title: Ending Oppression and Establishing Justice: Examples from Islamic History of Select Muslims and Islamist Groups Justifying the Use of Armed Force.
Creator: Hassan, Fazal Mohammed, O’Sullivan, Patrick, Jones, James P., Grant, Jonathan, Program in Interdisciplinary Humanities, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This dissertation examines the justification for using armed force throughout Islam's history. Special emphasis will be made to the following three terms, harb, jihad, and qital. These three words translate into war, struggle, and fight respectively. Not only are these terms the catalysts for the expansion of Islam in its first century, 632 to 732, but also they have also contributed to many ideologies. The origins for such ideas begin in the seventh century and Islam's most prominent...
Show moreThis dissertation examines the justification for using armed force throughout Islam's history. Special emphasis will be made to the following three terms, harb, jihad, and qital. These three words translate into war, struggle, and fight respectively. Not only are these terms the catalysts for the expansion of Islam in its first century, 632 to 732, but also they have also contributed to many ideologies. The origins for such ideas begin in the seventh century and Islam's most prominent religious figure, Mohammed. It is only fitting that the first chapter of this endeavor starts with his life and the reasons why he went to war with others. As his life showed, he never declared a "jihad" on others, a term that is used constantly in the media. It is important to remember that according to Muslims, Mohammed never did anything out of his own opinion; it was all done with the endorsement of God. The Qur'an and Ahadith will also be examined, as they are the major sources for justifying war. After the death of Mohammed in 632 however, armed force began to take a different meaning. This work covers Mohammed, the Kharijites, the Assassins, Ibn Taymiyya, Sayyid Qutb, al-Jihad, and al-Qaeda, with emphasis placed on Mohammed and Qutb as key figures, and their respective justifications for using or writing about resorting to armed force as a means to an end. It is the main thesis of this work that violence committed in the name of God by Muslims throughout Islam's history is based upon the need to end oppression and establish justice.
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Date Issued: 2006
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-4213
Format: Thesis

Title: "Stack 'Em High and Sell 'Em Cheap": James "Doc" Webb and Webb's City, St. Petersburg, Florida.
Creator: Robbins, Pamela D., Jones, Maxine D., Montgomery, Maxine, Connor, Valerie Jean, Richardson, Joe M., Jones, James P., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This study documents the story of James Earl "Doc" Webb and his business, Webb's City, between the years 1926-1982. Starting in 1926 as a small 17 by 28 foot store, Webb's City soon grew to a multi-million dollar business known as "The World's Most Unusual Drug Store." By 1970, the business grew to encompass ten city blocks, with seventy-two individual stores therein, including parking for 3,000 cars. Doc Webb's business empire included gas stations, an Outpost in Tampa, and a second "city"...
Show moreThis study documents the story of James Earl "Doc" Webb and his business, Webb's City, between the years 1926-1982. Starting in 1926 as a small 17 by 28 foot store, Webb's City soon grew to a multi-million dollar business known as "The World's Most Unusual Drug Store." By 1970, the business grew to encompass ten city blocks, with seventy-two individual stores therein, including parking for 3,000 cars. Doc Webb's business empire included gas stations, an Outpost in Tampa, and a second "city" in Pinellas Park. At its peak it employed over 1,700 people. This work focuses on Doc Webb's innovation in the business field, his fight against price-fixing and Fair Trade Laws, his influence on St. Petersburg, his customers –primarily African Americans and the elderly –and his role in advertising and self-promotion. Doc Webb and Webb's City's long lasting legacy in St. Petersburg and in business history is also discussed in this study.
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Date Issued: 2003
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-1832
Format: Thesis

Title: Charles S. Johnson, Fisk University, and the Struggle for Civil Rights, 1945-1970.
Creator: Berry, Keith W., Richardson, Joe M., Montgomery, Maxine, Jones, James P., Jones, Maxine D., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This dissertation attempts to examine the role of Charles S. Johnson in his capacity as an activist and his eventual establishment of Fisk University as his base of operation. Fisk University located in Nashville, Tennessee, was founded in 1866 after the American Civil War primarily to educate former slaves, and became a training ground for some of the nation's most valued civil rights leaders. The programs of the Race Relations Department and the celebrated gatherings of the Race Relations...
Show moreThis dissertation attempts to examine the role of Charles S. Johnson in his capacity as an activist and his eventual establishment of Fisk University as his base of operation. Fisk University located in Nashville, Tennessee, was founded in 1866 after the American Civil War primarily to educate former slaves, and became a training ground for some of the nation's most valued civil rights leaders. The programs of the Race Relations Department and the celebrated gatherings of the Race Relations Institutes are highlighted in order to emphasize structured efforts by Fisk to improve racial conditions. The involvement in the local and national struggles of the 1950s and 1960s of select students, faculty, and local Nashville leaders is also detailed in this study. Although Fisk played an important role in providing leadership during the civil rights movement, this is not a history of Fisk or the civil rights movement. It is hoped that this dissertation will shed light upon Charles S. Johnson's continuous efforts to achieve racial harmony with the help of the Fisk community.
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-1384
Format: Thesis

Title: "Dogmas Accepted as Divine": The Impact of Progressive Reforms in Florida's Public Schools.
Creator: Berk, Paul William, Jumonville, Neil, Crew, Robert E., Anderson, Rodney D., Jones, James P., Jones, Maxine D., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The difficulties inherent in transferring control of educational responsibilities to the state and the antipathy it created within Florida have not been fully explored in previous scholarship, and a study of the drive toward centralization, replete with race and class issues, provides insight into both the nature of progressivism and education in Florida. This study serves to address that missing scholarship. This project examines the course of Progressive Era reforms in statewide education...
Show moreThe difficulties inherent in transferring control of educational responsibilities to the state and the antipathy it created within Florida have not been fully explored in previous scholarship, and a study of the drive toward centralization, replete with race and class issues, provides insight into both the nature of progressivism and education in Florida. This study serves to address that missing scholarship. This project examines the course of Progressive Era reforms in statewide education in Florida's primary and secondary schools (that is, first through twelfth grades). Specifically, it focuses on both the theories behind reforms as well as the application of those theories. Included in this is an examination of the impact of race and class on proposed and implemented reforms. Special attention is paid to vocational education.
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-1369
Format: Thesis

Title: Rebel Sovereigns: The Civil War Leadership of Governors John Milton of Florida and Joseph E. Brown of Georgia, 1861-1865.
Creator: Murphree, Ridgeway Boyd, Jones, James P., O’Sullivan, Patrick M., Jones, Maxine D., Garretson, Peter, Grant, Jonathan, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This dissertation is a comparative study of the leadership of two Confederate governors, John Milton of Florida and Joseph E. Brown of Georgia. It examines their relations with the Confederate government as well as relations between the two governors and their respective states. Surprisingly, there are no studies of state-to-state relations during the Civil War, few published in depth accounts of relations between Confederate governors and Richmond, and no published biography of Governor John...
Show moreThis dissertation is a comparative study of the leadership of two Confederate governors, John Milton of Florida and Joseph E. Brown of Georgia. It examines their relations with the Confederate government as well as relations between the two governors and their respective states. Surprisingly, there are no studies of state-to-state relations during the Civil War, few published in depth accounts of relations between Confederate governors and Richmond, and no published biography of Governor John Milton. Milton and Brown are the focus of the dissertation for three reasons: as the two longest serving Confederate governors of the war they provide the opportunity for a study of two Confederate governors whose administrations spanned virtually the entire period of the national struggle; as governors of neighboring states they often had reason to interact with one another, a fact which makes it possible to examine the wartime relationship between their states; a third reason for a comparison is the difference in their approaches to their relationship with the Confederate government. Brown opposed any Confederate policy that he perceived to be a violation of state rights. He protested a wide array of Confederate wartime measures, including conscription. Brown opposed the leadership of Confederate president, Jefferson Davis, whom he accused of trampling on the constitutional rights of the states. Milton, on the other hand, was one of the most loyal Confederate governors. He supported conscription and embraced most of Davis' military and political decisions. Milton advocated Confederate unity rather than division over constitutional issues. Through a comparison of Milton and Brown, this dissertation will attempt to contribute to the ongoing historical debate about the significance of Confederate-state relations. It will also hopefully act as a beginning for the further study of interstate relations during the Civil War, an aspect of the conflict that has yet to receive much attention from historians.
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Date Issued: 2006
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-2179
Format: Thesis

Title: Bourbon, Pork Chops, and Red Peppers: Political Immorality in Florida, 1945-1968.
Creator: Weitz, Seth A., Jones, James P., O’Sullivan, Patrick, Jones, Maxine, Wynot, Edward D., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: While Florida was a member of the "solid South", it differed from the rest of the region in that the state experienced a population boom, transforming the peninsula from a backwater, poor, insignificant state into one of the largest states by 1965. Many of the new Floridians brought with them political beliefs alien to the Deep South. These principles threatened to undermine the deeply entrenched system dominated by the Pork Chop Gang, a group of conservative, states' rights, segregationist...
Show moreWhile Florida was a member of the "solid South", it differed from the rest of the region in that the state experienced a population boom, transforming the peninsula from a backwater, poor, insignificant state into one of the largest states by 1965. Many of the new Floridians brought with them political beliefs alien to the Deep South. These principles threatened to undermine the deeply entrenched system dominated by the Pork Chop Gang, a group of conservative, states' rights, segregationist Democrats from rural Northern and Central Florida. They held a stranglehold over the Legislature due to archaic apportioning which had been mandated by the Constitution of 1885. The Pork Choppers took their cue from Senator Joe McCarthy and McCarthyism in Florida, commencing at the end of the Senator's national reign of terror, proved a methodical and orderly assault on all opponents of the region, whether they be Communists, African-Americans, homosexuals or liberals. The perceived threats against morality, white supremacy and the concocted communist hazard were used as an excuse and disguise to purge Florida of its enemies and more importantly maintain the power of the Pork Chop Gang in the face of its growing political enemies.
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Date Issued: 2007
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-1195
Format: Thesis

Title: "Hitler Is Here": Lynching in Florida during the Era of World War II.
Creator: Hobbs, Tameka Bradley, Jones, Maxine D., Dickson-Carr, Darryl, Richardson, Joe M., Jones, James P., Childs, Matthew D., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This historical study will examine four lynchings that took place in Florida during the 1940s. The investigations include the lynching of A. C. Williams in Gadsden County in 1941; Cellos Harrison in Jackson County in 1943; Willie James Howard in Suwannee County in 1944; and Jesse James Payne in Madison County in 1945. In addition to describing the circumstances surrounding each incident, this study also discusses the reaction of local law enforcement, Florida state public officials, the...
Show moreThis historical study will examine four lynchings that took place in Florida during the 1940s. The investigations include the lynching of A. C. Williams in Gadsden County in 1941; Cellos Harrison in Jackson County in 1943; Willie James Howard in Suwannee County in 1944; and Jesse James Payne in Madison County in 1945. In addition to describing the circumstances surrounding each incident, this study also discusses the reaction of local law enforcement, Florida state public officials, the federal government, and the press. To tell these stories, the study relied on records from local and state governments, investigative records of the U. S. Department of Justice and the Federal Bureau of Investigation and, oral history from family members and residents of the communities in which these lynchings occurred. The study gives these incidents further exploration, in attempting to fit them into the chronology of the lynching phenomenon in the United States by extracting similarities as well as changes in the practice of lynching itself. These lynchings also indicate an increasingly negative reaction but segments of the American public against such acts of violence. This was due in part to U. S. participation in World War II and the government's increasing concern about the nation's international reputation.
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Date Issued: 2004
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-4014
Format: Thesis

Title: Executive Summary.
Creator: Chassignet, Eric P., Jones, James W., Misra, Vasubandhu, Obeysekera, Jayantha
Date Issued: 2017-11-29
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1516136446_ca81fc00, 10.17125/fci2017.exsum
Format: Citation

Title: The Impact of DISCOVER for Adult Learners and SIGI PLUS on the Career Decision Making of Adults Technical Report Number 9.
Creator: Sampson, James P, Reardon, Robert C, Lenz, Janet G, Ryan-Jones, Rebecca E, Peterson, Gary W, Levy, Rick
Abstract/Description: This study evaluated the effects of DISCOVER for Adult Learners and SIGI PLUS on career decidedness, vocational identity, and perceptions of computer use for 116 adults seeking services at a self-help oriented career center. Adults were randomly assigned to either DISCOVER for Adult Learners (DAL), SIGI PLUS, or a control condition that involved unstructured use of print and AV materials in a university career center. Use of DAL and SIGI PLUS by adults resulted in positive gains in vocational...
Show moreThis study evaluated the effects of DISCOVER for Adult Learners and SIGI PLUS on career decidedness, vocational identity, and perceptions of computer use for 116 adults seeking services at a self-help oriented career center. Adults were randomly assigned to either DISCOVER for Adult Learners (DAL), SIGI PLUS, or a control condition that involved unstructured use of print and AV materials in a university career center. Use of DAL and SIGI PLUS by adults resulted in positive gains in vocational identity. Subjects in the control condition and subjects using DISCOVER experienced a significant increase in career decidedness. Adults perceived both systems as having a positive impact on three dimensions of computer effectiveness, Analysis, Synthesis, and Computer Effect. The conclusion was that computer-based interventions are equivalent to more traditional career interventions. Implications of these results for practice and further research are discussed.
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Date Issued: 1993-10-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1525886209_752378bb, 10.17125/fsu.1525886209
Format: Citation

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