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Title: See You In The Streets: Art, Action, And Remembering The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire.
Creator: Koslow, Jennifer
Date Issued: 2017-05
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000401785500014
Format: Citation

Title: "Conservation of the Child Is Our First Duty": Clubwomen, Organized Labor, and the Politics of Child Labor Legislation in Florida.
Creator: Burns, Sarah, Green, Elna, Jones, Maxine, Koslow, Jennifer, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Florida's child welfare movement, a broad coalition of clubwomen, legislators, labor activists, and civic reformers, worked tirelessly to ensure that the right to a protected childhood was guaranteed to all of Florida's future citizens. These Progressive reformers, embracing new ideas about charity, the causes of poverty, and family life, turned to legislation to protect children when society could not, and their efforts culminated in the passage of Florida's comprehensive Child Labor Law in...
Show moreFlorida's child welfare movement, a broad coalition of clubwomen, legislators, labor activists, and civic reformers, worked tirelessly to ensure that the right to a protected childhood was guaranteed to all of Florida's future citizens. These Progressive reformers, embracing new ideas about charity, the causes of poverty, and family life, turned to legislation to protect children when society could not, and their efforts culminated in the passage of Florida's comprehensive Child Labor Law in 1913. Florida's child labor campaign was part of both a regional and a national movement to eradicate the practice of manipulating children in industry and the street trades. Despite its inclusion in this broader movement, Florida's anti-child labor coalition was unique. Unlike their Southern neighbors, Floridians shied away from the rhetoric of "race suicide." Speaking on behalf of child labor legislation, they emphasized the social and moral disadvantages of child labor rather than its repercussions for race relations. This grew out of Florida's distinct pattern of economic development: Florida was among the last Southern states to industrialize, and that industrial sector did not include the textile mills notorious for child labor abuses across the South. Florida's child laborers primarily consisted of African Americans and Southern and Eastern European immigrants working in canneries along the Gulf Coast and Cuban and Italian immigrants laboring in the cigar industry of South Florida. Both of these industries employed a much smaller number of child workers than manufacturers in Florida's neighboring states. Florida's child labor legislation thus served two distinct purposes: it was both a preventative measure designed to protect Florida's children from the kinds of exploitation taking place in neighboring states and a means of pressuring those states to pass similar legislation. This thesis, an examination of the politics of Florida's child labor movement, highlights the ways in which the national child labor platform could be adapted to succeed in different states, while it reaffirms the diversity of both Progressive reform and Progressive reformers in the early twentieth-century South.
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Date Issued: 2009
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-0193
Format: Thesis

Title: Life inside the Earth: The Koreshan Unity and Its Urban Pioneers, 1880-1908.
Creator: Adams, Katherine J., Koslow, Jennifer, Frank, Andrew, Oshatz, Molly, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This thesis presents a social and cultural history of the Koreshan Unity from its official beginnings in the 1880s to its decline in 1908. Founded by eclectic medical doctor Cyrus R. Teed, the Koreshan Unity emerged as yet another utopian experiment during the late-nineteenth century. While many utopian communities have been established in the United States since the colonial period, the Koreshans were a community unique in ideology and social practices. Founded on ancient Christian beliefs,...
Show moreThis thesis presents a social and cultural history of the Koreshan Unity from its official beginnings in the 1880s to its decline in 1908. Founded by eclectic medical doctor Cyrus R. Teed, the Koreshan Unity emerged as yet another utopian experiment during the late-nineteenth century. While many utopian communities have been established in the United States since the colonial period, the Koreshans were a community unique in ideology and social practices. Founded on ancient Christian beliefs, science, and communal standards, the Koreshan Unity has become known throughout the American utopian historical narrative as the utopian community that believed humanity lived inside the earth. While Koreshan beliefs are important in recording the community's history, a more personal history has often been left out of the scholarship on this topic. This thesis seeks to investigate the human side of the Koreshan Unity by tracing the life of Cyrus Teed and providing a glimpse into the everyday lives of the Koreshan members in their settlement in Estero, Florida. Utilizing the Koreshan Unity papers located at the State Archives of Florida, this material culture represents how the Koreshan members tried to realize Teed's and their utopian dream. While the Koreshan Unity began its decline after Teed's death in 1908, its members still portrayed their utopian experiment as a success because they found a haven in the religious and communal opportunities the community supported. Currently, this view of the Koreshan Unity is being preserved at the Koreshan State Historic Site (KSHS), located on the once Koreshan settlement grounds. While scholars who have contributed to the American utopian historical narrative have defined "success" based on numbers and general cultural trends, this thesis proves that only the participants in the movement can truly define what success really means.
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Date Issued: 2010
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-0116
Format: Thesis

Title: Keepers of History, Shapers of Memory: The Florida Division of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, 1895 1930.
Creator: Codieck, Barrett, Koslow, Jennifer, Jumonville, Neil, Jones, James, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: From 1895 to the 1930s, The United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC) established itself as one of Florida's foremost interpreters of Confederate heritage. By examining the organization at the time of its greatest influence in Florida, this thesis demonstrates the ways in which the Daughters sought to forge a "usable past" from their Confederate legacy: to produce heritage from history. Specifically, it explains the Daughters' attempts to influence school curriculum to teach their favored...
Show moreFrom 1895 to the 1930s, The United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC) established itself as one of Florida's foremost interpreters of Confederate heritage. By examining the organization at the time of its greatest influence in Florida, this thesis demonstrates the ways in which the Daughters sought to forge a "usable past" from their Confederate legacy: to produce heritage from history. Specifically, it explains the Daughters' attempts to influence school curriculum to teach their favored historical narrative and to shape public consciousness of the Civil War through monuments and commemorative ceremonies. Since heritage always straddles the gap between past and present, it also explores how the Daughters' activities and rhetoric addressed the social issues of their own time such as race and gender. Sources used include the minutes of UDC conventions, newspaper records, and document collections at the State Archives of Florida, Florida State University, University of Florida, and Emory University.
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Date Issued: 2012
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-4772
Format: Thesis

Title: As Advertised: Depicting the Postwar American Woman from Bride, to Wife, to Mother.
Creator: Burger, Tarin, Sinke, Suzanne, Harper, Kristine, Koslow, Jennifer, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: I am working to illuminate a connection between the pervasive anxiety regarding "traditional" gender roles that permeated Cold War culture during the mid-twentieth century and the advertising industry's messages to women during the same period. By examining women's magazines, a particularly important piece of cultural media for the period, and their advertisements, I seek to examine patterns that develop in the way advertisers expressed their messages to women. Tracing the development of...
Show moreI am working to illuminate a connection between the pervasive anxiety regarding "traditional" gender roles that permeated Cold War culture during the mid-twentieth century and the advertising industry's messages to women during the same period. By examining women's magazines, a particularly important piece of cultural media for the period, and their advertisements, I seek to examine patterns that develop in the way advertisers expressed their messages to women. Tracing the development of these messages through a narrative that examines the varying prescribed roles women were expected to assume will lead to a discussion that flows from advertisers targeting brides, wives, and mothers. This narrative strategy will help create an accessible, clearly organized discussion of this topic. This project relies heavily on an examination of primary sources including advertising images from the 1940s, 50s, and 60s. Much scholarship has been written regarding gender, advertising, consumerism, and the postwar/Cold War era. While most of these works focus on only a few of these aspects, my work attempts to present a discussion of this period with these aspects at the forefront. By examining how advertisers spoke to women through their images in a period that was unquestionably influenced by an all-permeating anxious culture of the Cold War, I hope to prove that issues of gender, consumerism, and Cold War political efforts were inextricably connected.
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Date Issued: 2012
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-4750
Format: Thesis

Title: "Malta Is a Magnificent Story": Malta's Symbolic Role in the Second World War.
Creator: Debono, Megan, Jones, James P., Creswell, Michael, Koslow, Jennifer, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This thesis examines Malta's symbolic role in the Second World War. Then a British-held colony, the archipelago fell under heavy Axis bombardment from mid 1940 ' early 1943. Incessant Italian and German air raids plagued the islands and the Maltese, making Malta the most heavily bombed area of the entire war. In June 1940, just weeks before the first attack, London's War Cabinet deemed the isles indefensible and withdrew their forces. Despite this initial abandonment, the British permanently...
Show moreThis thesis examines Malta's symbolic role in the Second World War. Then a British-held colony, the archipelago fell under heavy Axis bombardment from mid 1940 ' early 1943. Incessant Italian and German air raids plagued the islands and the Maltese, making Malta the most heavily bombed area of the entire war. In June 1940, just weeks before the first attack, London's War Cabinet deemed the isles indefensible and withdrew their forces. Despite this initial abandonment, the British permanently returned to their colony just a few months later and expended a considerable amount of manpower and materiel in its defense. Tactical reasons alone cannot explain this drastic reversal in British policy. The missing explanation lies with Malta's role in British propaganda. Whether by choice or ignorance, this crucial aspect of Malta's wartime purpose is absent from the historiography. Through an examination of official papers and popular periodicals, this thesis aims to correct this imbalance. To provide proper context, the work first analyzes Anglo-Maltese relations and the empire's position in the latter half of the 1930s. The subsequent chapters analyze the media's role in the War Cabinet's return, and how Prime Minister Winston Churchill used the gallant tale of Malta to bolster morale at home and elicit the cooperation of the United States. Paired with strategic objectives around the Mediterranean basin, these propagandistic concerns ensured Britain's continued defense of the archipelago. Through the war's end, Malta served as both a physical and ideological bastion for the British Empire.
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Date Issued: 2011
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-7124
Format: Thesis

Title: "Conservation of the Child Is Our First Duty": Clubwomen, Organized Labor, and the Politics of Child Labor Legislation in Florida.
Creator: Burns, Sarah, Green, Elna, Jones, Maxine, Koslow, Jennifer, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Florida's child welfare movement, a broad coalition of clubwomen, legislators, labor activists, and civic reformers, worked tirelessly to ensure that the right to a protected childhood was guaranteed to all of Florida's future citizens. These Progressive reformers, embracing new ideas about charity, the causes of poverty, and family life, turned to legislation to protect children when society could not, and their efforts culminated in the passage of Florida's comprehensive Child Labor Law in...
Show moreFlorida's child welfare movement, a broad coalition of clubwomen, legislators, labor activists, and civic reformers, worked tirelessly to ensure that the right to a protected childhood was guaranteed to all of Florida's future citizens. These Progressive reformers, embracing new ideas about charity, the causes of poverty, and family life, turned to legislation to protect children when society could not, and their efforts culminated in the passage of Florida's comprehensive Child Labor Law in 1913. Florida's child labor campaign was part of both a regional and a national movement to eradicate the practice of manipulating children in industry and the street trades. Despite its inclusion in this broader movement, Florida's anti-child labor coalition was unique. Unlike their Southern neighbors, Floridians shied away from the rhetoric of 'race suicide.' Speaking on behalf of child labor legislation, they emphasized the social and moral disadvantages of child labor rather than its repercussions for race relations. This grew out of Florida's distinct pattern of economic development: Florida was among the last Southern states to industrialize, and that industrial sector did not include the textile mills notorious for child labor abuses across the South. Florida's child laborers primarily consisted of African Americans and Southern and Eastern European immigrants working in canneries along the Gulf Coast and Cuban and Italian immigrants laboring in the cigar industry of South Florida. Both of these industries employed a much smaller number of child workers than manufacturers in Florida's neighboring states. Florida's child labor legislation thus served two distinct purposes: it was both a preventative measure designed to protect Florida's children from the kinds of exploitation taking place in neighboring states and a means of pressuring those states to pass similar legislation. This thesis, an examination of the politics of Florida's child labor movement, highlights the ways in which the national child labor platform could be adapted to succeed in different states, while it reaffirms the diversity of both Progressive reform and Progressive reformers in the early twentieth-century South.
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Date Issued: 2009
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-7107
Format: Thesis

Title: "Malta Is a Magnificent Story": Malta's Symbolic Role in the Second World War.
Creator: Debono, Megan, Jones, James P., Creswell, Michael, Koslow, Jennifer, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This thesis examines Malta's symbolic role in the Second World War. Then a Britishheld colony, the archipelago fell under heavy Axis bombardment from mid 1940 – early 1943. Incessant Italian and German air raids plagued the islands and the Maltese, making Malta the most heavily bombed area of the entire war. In June 1940, just weeks before the first attack, London's War Cabinet deemed the isles indefensible and withdrew their forces. Despite this initial abandonment, the British permanently...
Show moreThis thesis examines Malta's symbolic role in the Second World War. Then a Britishheld colony, the archipelago fell under heavy Axis bombardment from mid 1940 – early 1943. Incessant Italian and German air raids plagued the islands and the Maltese, making Malta the most heavily bombed area of the entire war. In June 1940, just weeks before the first attack, London's War Cabinet deemed the isles indefensible and withdrew their forces. Despite this initial abandonment, the British permanently returned to their colony just a few months later and expended a considerable amount of manpower and materiel in its defense. Tactical reasons alone cannot explain this drastic reversal in British policy. The missing explanation lies with Malta's role in British propaganda. Whether by choice or ignorance, this crucial aspect of Malta's wartime purpose is absent from the historiography. Through an examination of official papers and popular periodicals, this thesis aims to correct this imbalance. To provide proper context, the work first analyzes Anglo- Maltese relations and the empire's position in the latter half of the 1930s. The subsequent chapters analyze the media's role in the War Cabinet's return, and how Prime Minister Winston Churchill used the gallant tale of Malta to bolster morale at home and elicit the cooperation of the United States. Paired with strategic objectives around the Mediterranean basin, these propagandistic concerns ensured Britain's continued defense of the archipelago. Through the war's end, Malta served as both a physical and ideological bastion for the British Empire.
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Date Issued: 2011
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-4665
Format: Thesis

Title: Never Forget: How Public Memory of the Holocaust Is Displayed in Holocaust Museums and Memorials in Florida.
Creator: Hoekstra, Nicole, Koslow, Jennifer, Grant, Jonathan, Stoltzfus, Nathan, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This thesis examines the similarities and differences between Florida's Holocaust museums and memorials and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C. The purpose of this study is to illustrate how each institution is a reflection of its local community and how that reflection is based on each institution's perceived audience. Holocaust awareness grew in the United States over the last sixty years, culminating in the opening of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum...
Show moreThis thesis examines the similarities and differences between Florida's Holocaust museums and memorials and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C. The purpose of this study is to illustrate how each institution is a reflection of its local community and how that reflection is based on each institution's perceived audience. Holocaust awareness grew in the United States over the last sixty years, culminating in the opening of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 1993. Since its opening the museum has served as a template for other museums on how to define the Holocaust and promote education. Museums in Florida that have opened post-1993 contain elements that are reminiscent of the national museum. At the same time, they are designed in a way that best represents the audience that each institution reaches. This thesis uses newspapers, institutional records, interviews, and the physical examination of the memorials and museums themselves, to analyze the creation of public memory. These institutions of Holocaust memory in Florida have created a sense of place for survivors and their loved ones. They are also places to honor the memory of the people whose lives were lost. Lastly, they are permanent fixtures that ensure that the story of the Holocaust will not be forgotten by future generations.
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Date Issued: 2010
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-3998
Format: Thesis

Title: Stirring the American Melting Pot: Middle Eastern Immigration, the Progressives and the Legal Construction of Whiteness, 1880-1924.
Creator: Soash, Richard, Koslow, Jennifer, Sinke, Suzanne, Garretson, Peter, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: When an immigrant came to early twentieth-century America, his or her ability to naturalize was dependent on the artificial color designation assigned to his or her group. Armenian and Syrian-Lebanese immigrants, however, entered the country as the ultimate "in-between people." They were situated geographically between Europe and Asia and racially between Caucasian and Mongolian, "white" and "yellow." The two groups were unique in that, at the dawn of the Progressive Era, they could have...
Show moreWhen an immigrant came to early twentieth-century America, his or her ability to naturalize was dependent on the artificial color designation assigned to his or her group. Armenian and Syrian-Lebanese immigrants, however, entered the country as the ultimate "in-between people." They were situated geographically between Europe and Asia and racially between Caucasian and Mongolian, "white" and "yellow." The two groups were unique in that, at the dawn of the Progressive Era, they could have conceivably been placed into either category. This thesis argues that the socioeconomic biases of the people in power at the time, in this case Progressive Era policy-makers, played a large role in determining the "whiteness" of Armenian and Syrian-Lebanese immigrants.
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Date Issued: 2013
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-7610
Format: Thesis

Title: "Discover our Sunshine State. Rediscover Yours.": The Public's Participation in Florida Mythmaking in the 20th Century.
Creator: Baker, Tiffany Marie, Koslow, Jennifer, Davis, Frederick, Green, Elna, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Natural resources, the environment, and conservation movements all played an important part in Florida's past, particularly within the last half of the twentieth century. As development of the built environment within Florida and the population increased, Floridians experienced a culture change that altered the ways that they viewed the environment and the accompanying natural elements. Numerous conservation movements emerged, and individuals became more aware of the effects of these...
Show moreNatural resources, the environment, and conservation movements all played an important part in Florida's past, particularly within the last half of the twentieth century. As development of the built environment within Florida and the population increased, Floridians experienced a culture change that altered the ways that they viewed the environment and the accompanying natural elements. Numerous conservation movements emerged, and individuals became more aware of the effects of these developmental changes. From this ideological transformation, writers and artists used Florida's natural features as inspiration for works that reflect sentimentally on a more natural past and also attempted to invoke feelings of indignation at the detrimental changes happening around them. Each set of artistic works analyzed in this thesis are the products of this influence. The twentieth-century landscape paintings of Martin Johnson Heade and the mass-produced works of the Highwaymen both highlight the struggle that has plagued Florida since the beginning of its widespread development: the conflict between the desire to live somewhere that is exotic and natural and the need to civilize this place in order to make it inhabitable. Heade, a Hudson River School painter, moved to Florida in 1883 to take advantage of the landscapes and scenery that Florida had to offer. His scenes contained features such as conflicts between the civilized and wild and were more vibrant than his earlier works, suggesting that Florida was to be viewed differently from other parts of the country. The Highwaymen, a group of south Florida African American painters, act as a comparison group for Heade's works. Because one of the founders of the group, Alfred Hair, was trained by A. E. Backus, a white painter who was classically trained in the Hudson River School style, influences of this style can be found in the Highwaymen's paintings. Regardless of the similarities, the Highwaymen paintings were unique to specialized mass-production techniques. Both Heade and the Highwaymen were influenced an emerging tourism culture that enveloped Florida in the early and mid-twentieth century, and close examinations of their paintings reveal these nuances. Participants in the 1985 Florida license plate contest convey similar ecological themes in their entries. The results of the contest, over 3,500 images and letters, reveal Floridians' contemporary concerns. In addition, these entries reflect the increasing influence and continuity of a cohesive Florida image that highlights the natural characteristics of the state. Other issues discussed in that chapter will include people's perception of government process, the increasing awareness about conservation and environmental movements in Florida, and the ways that Floridians felt about their state in the 1980s. When the state of Florida's 2004 state quarter was minted with the images of a Sabal Palm, a Spanish galleon, and a launched space shuttle on its face, the long-standing developmental discourse was again reinforced through the images that were selected to represent Florida nationwide. The state quarter contest, and the chapter devoted to it, serves as an addendum to the 1985 license plate contest. The finalist selections were analyzed to reveal the narrowing focus of the Florida brand at a national level, to compare the images chosen with those submitted in the 1985, and to evaluate the differences and similarities between the conduct of the 1985 and 2002 contests. Ultimately, the outcome of the quarter contest shows that themes such as ecology, history, and recreation constitute Floridians' opinions of the state. Taken together, these three groups of artistic works show how pervasive and cohesive the Florida myth has become. In the conclusion, a brief analysis of a new ad campaign produced by VISIT FLORIDA, the state's official tourism advocacy organization, will show that with each passing year, these images of Florida became inherent to Floridian culture and identity as representative of the 'real' Florida.
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Date Issued: 2008
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-7090
Format: Thesis

Title: Preserving the Past: Library Development in Florida and the New Deal, 1933-1942.
Creator: Pearia, Alicia A., Green, Elna, Koslow, Jennifer, Jumonville, Neil, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Public library development in Florida greatly benefited from the New Deal relief programs that emerged out of the Great Depression. Historians and librarians had advocated for expansion of state support for libraries and the creation of a state library since the nineteenth century, but little progress occurred until 1925 when the Florida legislature passed a bill funding a state library. Although the early years of the Depression curtailed some activities of the state library and other public...
Show morePublic library development in Florida greatly benefited from the New Deal relief programs that emerged out of the Great Depression. Historians and librarians had advocated for expansion of state support for libraries and the creation of a state library since the nineteenth century, but little progress occurred until 1925 when the Florida legislature passed a bill funding a state library. Although the early years of the Depression curtailed some activities of the state library and other public libraries around the state, Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal agencies helped advance these institutions. The State Library Board of Florida and the State Librarian, William Cash, eagerly sought federal relief money to start library and historical preservation projects. The State Library Board eventually sponsored three Works Progress Administration (WPA) projects: the State Archives Survey (later the Historical Records Survey), the Statewide Library Project, and the Rare Books Project. All of these programs enriched Florida's culture by discovering new material, providing easier access to library possessions, and expanding library service. The support during the New Deal for these historical and cultural preservation projects came out of intellectual traditions and actions during the nineteenth century. Progressive thought helped spur New Deal thinkers into defending the need for intervention by the federal government to solve economic and social problems and experimentation in relief and recovery programs. The intellectuals of the 1920s who turned away from pragmatism brought forth a new appreciation for the arts and American history. In addition, the work of Progressives to improve the education and lives of the poor, such as through settlement houses, provided visible examples of how to accomplish goals. The New Deal brought all these ideas together with the creation of work relief programs that provided federal funds for cultural and historical projects. Despite the hardships that the Depression brought to Florida and the rest of the country, in the long-run the economic troubles provided the opportunity to gain valuable historical knowledge and preserve cultural traditions to be available for future generations.
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Date Issued: 2007
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-2058
Format: Thesis

Title: I Am a Citizen of the World: Constructing the Public Memory of Arthur Ashe.
Creator: Norton, Kristen, Koslow, Jennifer, Frank, Andrew, Jones, James, Dedman School of Hospitality, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This thesis analyzes the construction of the public memory of Arthur Ashe, well known African American tennis player, breaker of racial barriers, activist, and humanitarian, through a discussion of a sampling of public displays that present his life and legacy. In particular, it analyzes two of the most prominent commemorations: the Arthur Ashe exhibit at the International Tennis Hall of Fame and Museum and the Arthur Ashe monument in Richmond, Virginia. Using newspapers, unpublished...
Show moreThis thesis analyzes the construction of the public memory of Arthur Ashe, well known African American tennis player, breaker of racial barriers, activist, and humanitarian, through a discussion of a sampling of public displays that present his life and legacy. In particular, it analyzes two of the most prominent commemorations: the Arthur Ashe exhibit at the International Tennis Hall of Fame and Museum and the Arthur Ashe monument in Richmond, Virginia. Using newspapers, unpublished manuscript material, oral histories, and material culture, this thesis illustrates that both sport and society remember and memorialize Arthur Ashe the man, not the athlete. In doing so, this thesis explores how Arthur Ashe, himself, played a role in shaping the public dynamics of his legacy.
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Date Issued: 2010
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-2521
Format: Thesis

Title: John Ringling: Story of a Capitalist.
Creator: Meter, Amanda Ellen, Koslow, Jennifer, Jumonville, Neil, Frank, Andrew, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This work will examine John Ringling's impact on the urbanization of Sarasota while exploring his marginalization in the history of American museums. After living in the Midwest, Ringling decided to move to Sarasota and transform it into a cultural destination. A great museum was a central component of his vision. Scholarship that mentions Ringling describes him as either the circus man or art collector, but not both; however, the two personas were inextricably linked. The same qualities that...
Show moreThis work will examine John Ringling's impact on the urbanization of Sarasota while exploring his marginalization in the history of American museums. After living in the Midwest, Ringling decided to move to Sarasota and transform it into a cultural destination. A great museum was a central component of his vision. Scholarship that mentions Ringling describes him as either the circus man or art collector, but not both; however, the two personas were inextricably linked. The same qualities that made him a success in the business world made him an excellent art collector. Compiled and designed to be Ringling's lasting legacy, the John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art in Sarasota, Florida, was given to the State of Florida upon his death, a gift unprecedented in the state's history. Ringling's museum bequeath was meant to serve as his lasting legacy. By doing so, Ringling wanted to reserve a permanent place for himself in history among the great businessmen and art patrons he revered.
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Date Issued: 2009
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-2471
Format: Thesis

Title: Writing Race: The Florida Federal Writers' Project and Racial Identity, 1935-1943.
Creator: Tomlinson, Angela E., Green, Elna, Jones, Maxine, Koslow, Jennifer, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: In the late 1930s, the Federal Writers' Project of the Works Progress Administration employed thousands of out-of-work writers and other white-collar professionals. Although publication of a comprehensive guidebook for each state was the main task of the FWP, project writers also traveled their respective states collecting life histories, interviewing former slaves, and compiling local histories and ethnographic studies. As a result, the work of the FWP entailed much more than preparation of...
Show moreIn the late 1930s, the Federal Writers' Project of the Works Progress Administration employed thousands of out-of-work writers and other white-collar professionals. Although publication of a comprehensive guidebook for each state was the main task of the FWP, project writers also traveled their respective states collecting life histories, interviewing former slaves, and compiling local histories and ethnographic studies. As a result, the work of the FWP entailed much more than preparation of travel books, for taken as a whole, its writings represented an attempt to craft a new portrait of America and its people. Like many other New Deal programs, the FWP was a product of the liberal, progressive intellectual community that had emerged at the turn of the twentieth century. By the 1930s, this community, influenced by concepts of cultural pluralism, cosmopolitanism, and cultural relativism, was engaged in an ongoing discourse on redefining American identity and culture to include a broader spectrum of the American people. These concepts also influenced many of the national officers of the FWP, who wanted the project to present a more inclusive depiction of America that celebrated the country's diversity. As this thesis demonstrates, however, this goal broke down at the state level, particularly in the South, which was deeply committed to Jim Crow segregation in the 1930s. An examination of both published and unpublished writings of the Florida Federal Writers' Project, including Florida: A Guide to the Southernmost State and The Florida Negro, reveals that where race was concerned, traditional biases and prejudices trumped the national office's more liberal ideology. As a result, despite the efforts of liberal members of the Florida staff, such as Zora Neale Hurston and Stetson Kennedy, and the editorial oversight of the national office, the Florida FWP ultimately failed to provide three-dimensional, unbiased portraits of the state's African-American and mixed-race populations.
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Date Issued: 2008
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-1280
Format: Thesis

Title: Popular Perceptions of the American Merchant Marine during World War II.
Creator: Waber, Andrew J., Koslow, Jennifer, Oldson, William, Creswell, Michael, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The United States Merchant Marine played a pivotal role in the successful conclusion of the World War II and suffered the highest casualty rate of any branch of the Armed Forces. Often labeled as draft dodgers, profiteers, Communists, slackers, and anti-authority, the Merchant Marine's connections with the maritime unions attracted much criticism. The unions rather than the Merchant Marine were the intended targets of most negative press. Yet there was also a great deal of positive images of...
Show moreThe United States Merchant Marine played a pivotal role in the successful conclusion of the World War II and suffered the highest casualty rate of any branch of the Armed Forces. Often labeled as draft dodgers, profiteers, Communists, slackers, and anti-authority, the Merchant Marine's connections with the maritime unions attracted much criticism. The unions rather than the Merchant Marine were the intended targets of most negative press. Yet there was also a great deal of positive images of seamen. Primary sources such as government documents, newspapers, popular magazines, movies, and literature contain a wide variety of perceptions on the Merchant Marine. The purpose of this study is to explore both the accuracy and the origins of these perceptions.
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Date Issued: 2008
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-1434
Format: Thesis

Title: Case Studies in Aquarium History: Trends Discovered in Studying the History of Three Regional Aquariums..
Creator: Doar, Kevin H., Davis, Frederick R., Koslow, Jennifer, Wulff, Janie L., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Three regional aquariums, Waikiki Aquarium, Clearwater Aquarium, and the Mote Marine Laboratory, provide the case-studies for this analysis into the history of aquariums. The history of these institutes provided historical trends into their educational, entertainment, research, and rehabilitation efforts. This in turn helped prove their influence upon the surrounding society.
Date Issued: 2007
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-0724
Format: Thesis

Title: From Selma to Montgomery: Remembering Alabama's Civil Rights Movement Through Museums.
Creator: Jansen, Holly, Jones, Maxine D., Koslow, Jennifer L., Piehler, G. Kurt, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Though the first wave of civil rights museums in the 1990s have received a fair amount of scholarly attention, the museums created in the twenty-first century, and those that have changed their exhibits, has not yet been investigated. This paper hopes to fill the gap in the historiography by exploring how newer museums remember the civil rights movement through case studies of three museums in central Alabama: the Rosa Parks Museum in Montgomery, the National Voting Rights Museum in Selma,...
Show moreThough the first wave of civil rights museums in the 1990s have received a fair amount of scholarly attention, the museums created in the twenty-first century, and those that have changed their exhibits, has not yet been investigated. This paper hopes to fill the gap in the historiography by exploring how newer museums remember the civil rights movement through case studies of three museums in central Alabama: the Rosa Parks Museum in Montgomery, the National Voting Rights Museum in Selma, and the Lowndes County Interpretive Center in Lowndes County. Each chapter examines the museum's response to the scholarly literature, the collective memory of the local community, especially the museums' creators, and the narrative of the movement that the museum presents. By exploring these and other influences on historical memory, this paper will offer new insight on the meanings and legacies of the civil rights movement.
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Date Issued: 2012
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-5370
Format: Thesis

Title: The New Community School: Placing Informal Musuem Education into Historical Context.
Creator: Langham, Audrey Elizabeth, Jumonville, Neil, Wiegand, Wayne, Koslow, Jennifer, Program in American and Florida Studies, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Recently museums have begun to feature public programming that engages new audiences, they partner with a number of diverse community organizations, and they put the focus of their efforts on education. With these new focuses they have changed from didactic institutions to places where the visitor may confirm his experience, and at times may add his own voice to the discussion. This shift in focus has been swift, and scholarship is only beginning to catch up with the values being expressed in...
Show moreRecently museums have begun to feature public programming that engages new audiences, they partner with a number of diverse community organizations, and they put the focus of their efforts on education. With these new focuses they have changed from didactic institutions to places where the visitor may confirm his experience, and at times may add his own voice to the discussion. This shift in focus has been swift, and scholarship is only beginning to catch up with the values being expressed in the profession. It is my intention to offer a history of educational philosophy that is relevant and useful for museum professionals by closely examining two historical lines of thought. Progressive education provides a framework that museums can use to model their educational programming. Creating hands-on programming, and focusing on the individuality of the learner are important aspects of progressive educations that museum professionals can use for their own programming. The idea of the community school focuses on partnerships, the use of the physical building, and bringing a number of resources together in one place. This set of ideas follows the paths that museums use to receive funding and strengthen their relationships within their local community. Local history museums have begun to use these all ideas, and focusing their attention on similar work done in the past is an important step for the profession. Therefore these two concepts provide a historically relevant and important background for present day museum programming.
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Date Issued: 2008
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-3287
Format: Thesis

Title: Why We Fight: The Visual Rhetoric of American Wars, 1860-1918.
Creator: Spivey, Denise, Jones, Maxine, Faulk, Barry, Green, Elna, Koslow, Jennifer, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This dissertation is concerned with visual media as it became a vehicle for public debate in United States Society. It examines the illustrations from print media published during the three American wars between 1860 and 1918. When observed with care, these images open a window onto the American cultural and political landscape as it evolved. This project is designed to use that window to understand American attitudes toward each other during the Civil War and afterwards as the country began...
Show moreThis dissertation is concerned with visual media as it became a vehicle for public debate in United States Society. It examines the illustrations from print media published during the three American wars between 1860 and 1918. When observed with care, these images open a window onto the American cultural and political landscape as it evolved. This project is designed to use that window to understand American attitudes toward each other during the Civil War and afterwards as the country began to determine its role on the world scene. It asks how and to what extent outsider groups have negotiated their place in the national dialogue. The degree to which these populations had access to state of the art media outlets defined the extent of their participation in the country's visual rhetoric. The earliest illustrated printing technology was simply too expensive for poorly financed marginalized groups to afford, but over time this changed. This dissertation covers the period when print was the undisputed monarch of American visual media: between the advent of illustrated journalism and the arrival of moving pictures. During this time, increasingly affordable technology and rising affluence among minority groups made the perspectives expressed in the visual press slightly more reflective of the nation as a whole. This project draws from a range of scholarship: media history, the histories of war on the home front, and the histories of minority activist groups. It is also loosely related to propaganda analysis. The chapters examine each of the three conflicts' mainstream and alternative illustrated media. Each of the chapters is devoted to one war: The Civil War, The Spanish-American War, and World War I. Historical events and non-visual rhetoric provide the context for the images themselves, with the focus on the visual dialogue as it evolved. This dissertation is a comparative analysis of themes in American visual media over time, with particular attention to the ways outsider groups negotiated their way into the national dialogue. Not surprisingly, both change and continuity are evident. Exploring what changed and what stayed the same illuminates aspects of American society not evident in scholarship of particular moments. In particular, it demonstrates the painfully slow movement toward a more democratic United States media culture and the limitations of that progress.
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Date Issued: 2012
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-5198
Format: Thesis

Title: The Life and Times of Adella Hunt Logan: Educator, Mother, Wife, and Suffragist, 1863-1915.
Creator: Willis, Daria J., Jones, Maxine D., Montgomery, Maxine, Jones, James P., Koslow, Jennifer L., Mizelle, Richard, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Adella Hunt Logan was a woman trapped between two worlds. She was a mulatto who suffered from the pressures and injustices of Jim Crow America in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The impact of Adella Logan's life is seen beginning in 1883 in Tuskegee, Alabama. She maintained a large family while making a lasting impact on the Tuskegee community, as well as the women's suffrage movement. Adella often led a life full of contradictions that can be attributed to her social...
Show moreAdella Hunt Logan was a woman trapped between two worlds. She was a mulatto who suffered from the pressures and injustices of Jim Crow America in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The impact of Adella Logan's life is seen beginning in 1883 in Tuskegee, Alabama. She maintained a large family while making a lasting impact on the Tuskegee community, as well as the women's suffrage movement. Adella often led a life full of contradictions that can be attributed to her social status as well as her mixed racial heritage. Nonetheless, her efforts at advancing the cause of lower-class blacks and the students and teachers at Tuskegee Institute cannot be denied. This study discusses Adella Logan in terms of race, class, and gender. It is the story of an African American woman, an unusual American family, and the world she lived in.
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Date Issued: 2012
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-7026
Format: Thesis

Title: From Frontier Paradigm to Modern Public Policy: The Development of Homestead and Property Exemption Law in Texas, Florida, and Alaska.
Creator: Miller, Eric H., Jumonville, Neil T., Frank, Andrew K., Koslow, Jennifer L., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This paper argues the creation and development of homestead and personal property exemptions in state constitutions and statutes exemplify change in public policy concerning the rights of debtors and creditors, economic development, preservation of families, and property rights in Texas, Florida, and Alaska. Reserving to a debtor some items of personal property by express exemption from the reach of general creditors has roots in the historical jurisprudence of both Spain and Great Britain,...
Show moreThis paper argues the creation and development of homestead and personal property exemptions in state constitutions and statutes exemplify change in public policy concerning the rights of debtors and creditors, economic development, preservation of families, and property rights in Texas, Florida, and Alaska. Reserving to a debtor some items of personal property by express exemption from the reach of general creditors has roots in the historical jurisprudence of both Spain and Great Britain, influencing the development of similar principles in Mexico and the United States. Excluding that portion of each debtor's real property comprised of the residence and additional land was a new doctrine originating in Mexico in the 1820s, fully articulated in the Republic of Texas by statute in 1839, and embedded as principle of organic law in the Texas Constitution of 1845. Using a similar term in a different context, the federal Homestead Act of 1862 was the culmination of national discussion on the best manner to develop the vast public lands. Since the implementation of the Northwest Ordinance in 1787 the United States pursued a policy of offering tracts of land in new territories at low prices both to raise funds for the federal government and to encourage economic development through settlement. Occasionally, provision was made by law for donations of federal land to qualifying settlers, limited to a specific time and location. The Armed Occupation Act of 1842 was the first law adopted by Congress offering land grants to any settler who occupied and cultivated parcels of vacant public land, albeit limited to the Florida peninsula. This Act incorporated part of the emerging principle of homestead exemption by prohibiting creditors from seizing and selling a land claim to satisfy debts arising prior to the government issuing its patent conveying title to the parcel. I find this principle, modified and incorporated into the Homestead Act, had a significant effect on the development of property exemption laws in territories such as Alaska. Because Texas retained its vacant public land upon entering the Union, providing settlement land grants by pre-emption and donation was a matter of state law. Unlike the Homestead Act, because of the existing state constitutional homestead exemption the Texas law on settlement donations did not incorporate a prohibition against seizing claims for pre-existing debts. The narrative develops the history of the homestead exemption and of the settlement land donation laws by analyzing the text of the original laws, statutes, and constitutions for each state. Because some early documents from Mexico were first written in Spanish, the text of original translations relied upon in Texas as these doctrines were developed is used. By examining the evolution of homestead and personal property exemptions in each state, together with the influence of the applicable settlement land donation laws, I argue the use of similar concepts represented different public policy developments. The public policy of Texas historically was to prevent family impoverishment by preserving adequate means for shelter and support. This protection was so important that placement in the Constitution was necessary to avoid its curtailment without a prior general vote of the people. Over time, Texas maintained this consistent public policy by changing the language of the constitutional homestead and statutory personal property exemptions. Although no longer emphasizing the family farm, the modern, very lengthy homestead exemption continues to embody a concern to protect ordinary citizens from financial improvidence. Florida chose a different method of adapting public policy to economic change. Adopting an early statutory form of property exemptions, Florida did not place homestead and personal property exemption principles in its Constitution until 1868. The language adopted proved sufficiently flexible to remain essentially unchanged since then. Expanding on Texas' example Florida constitutionally-designated not only the rural homestead but also an urban homestead without regard to value, both limited solely by area. Unlike Texas, Florida gave express constitutional protection to a specific value, $1,000, of personal property; also adopted in 1868, this amount has never been changed. I conclude this unchanged text demonstrates the changed intent of Florida public policy to rely on increasing land values to provide adequate resources to support debtors after financial reversals. Public policy in Alaska deemed statutory structures adequate to protect a debtor's interests. Having one of the longest territorial periods before achieving statehood, much of Alaska's doctrine on property exemptions developed from the federal laws, including the 1862 Homestead Act, used to administer the district. As I conclude, changes in Alaskan exemption policy were reflected in changed statutes.
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Date Issued: 2012
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-6971
Format: Thesis

Title: The Evolution of Dutch American Identities, 1847-Present.
Creator: Douma, Michael J., Sinke, Suzanne, Leushuis, Reinier, Gray, Edward, Koslow, Jennifer, McMahon, Darrin, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This work is at once a study of ethnic change among Dutch Americans and a contribution to the study of ethnic identity in America more broadly. It seeks to explain how Dutch American identities in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries formed and evolved and why references to the Netherlands played an enduring role in how Americans of Dutch descent identified themselves. This study argues that the evolution, the adaptability, and the reinterpretation of "Dutchness" in an American setting has...
Show moreThis work is at once a study of ethnic change among Dutch Americans and a contribution to the study of ethnic identity in America more broadly. It seeks to explain how Dutch American identities in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries formed and evolved and why references to the Netherlands played an enduring role in how Americans of Dutch descent identified themselves. This study argues that the evolution, the adaptability, and the reinterpretation of "Dutchness" in an American setting has been the primary cause of the persistence of Dutch American ethnic identities. It shows that for the Dutch in America, ethnic identity has been resilient, not because it has remained intact, but rather because it has changed shape. The main contribution of this study is its demonstration of the evolution of ethnicity over the long-term (over generations and centuries) and the implications of this perspective for how we understand ethnic groups. Scholars have long seen ethnic groups as ever-evolving entities with boundaries that are constantly renegotiated. But like the evolution of species, ethnic change is gradual and imperceptible at the daily level. From the perspective of decades or centuries, however, certain themes of historical change become visible. At least two key lessons emerge from this long-term perspective on the evolution of ethnic identity. One is the understanding that ethnic groups persist by evolving, and do so when and where ethnicity is flexible, adaptable, and useful. The second lesson is the important role of written histories and historical memory in influencing the continued evolution of ethnicity. Ethnicities must be understood as developing categories, historically situated, and continually informed by interpretations of the past.
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Date Issued: 2011
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-7128
Format: Thesis

Title: Born to Be Feral: An Evolutionary History of Domestic Animals in the American South.
Creator: Gibson, Abraham Hill, Davis, Frederick Rowe, Ruse, Michael, Frank, Andrew, Jones, James P., Koslow, Jennifer, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This project examines the long, complicated relationship between humans and domestic animals in southeastern North America. More specifically, it examines the tightly interwoven evolutionary histories of humans, dogs, pigs, and horses in the region south of the Potomac River and east of the Appalachian Mountains (present-day Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida). The relationship between humans and domestic animals has changed, sometimes drastically, during every...
Show moreThis project examines the long, complicated relationship between humans and domestic animals in southeastern North America. More specifically, it examines the tightly interwoven evolutionary histories of humans, dogs, pigs, and horses in the region south of the Potomac River and east of the Appalachian Mountains (present-day Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida). The relationship between humans and domestic animals has changed, sometimes drastically, during every single era of southern history, and those changes have had profound evolutionary consequences for all parties involved. As society and culture have changed, the selective pressures that shape domestic populations have also changed. Invariably, some creatures have remained subject to direct anthropogenic selection, while others have not. Those animals who establish residency in the wild, free from direct anthropogenic influence, are technically neither domestic nor wild, and are instead relabeled feral. If we really want to understand humanity's historical relationship with domestic animals, then we cannot simply ignore the ones who went feral. This is especially true in southeastern North America, where social norms have long promoted ferality and where the continent's largest and most diverse collection of feral animals currently resides. This project is particularly interested in the factors that have influenced the genetic composition and biogeographic distribution of domestic and feral populations over the years. This method of analysis not only provides one with a new way of understanding southern history, but also allows one to draw broader inferences about present and future conditions. The evidence reveals that southerners, like all Americans, have grown increasingly divorced from the rest of nature, and that the trend is accelerating.
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Date Issued: 2013
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-8702
Format: Thesis

Title: Adam, Humanity, and Angels: Early Jewish Conceptions of the Elect and Humankind Based on Genesis 1-3.
Creator: Naizer, Eric Raymond, Goff, Matthew, Koslow, Jennifer, Kelley, Nicole, Luke, Trevor, Levenson, David, Department of Religion, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: 4QInstruction has enriched our understanding of the way Second Temple Jewish authors interpreted Genesis 1-3. This Qumran text provides a fuller sense of the ways the figure of Adam was read during that period by adding a sectarian and primarily positive take on the biblical portrayals of the first human. Further, with 4QInstruction we are able to identify traditions that influenced other Early Jewish authors, such as Philo and the author of 4 Ezra. Philo's double creation accounts in Leg. 1...
Show more4QInstruction has enriched our understanding of the way Second Temple Jewish authors interpreted Genesis 1-3. This Qumran text provides a fuller sense of the ways the figure of Adam was read during that period by adding a sectarian and primarily positive take on the biblical portrayals of the first human. Further, with 4QInstruction we are able to identify traditions that influenced other Early Jewish authors, such as Philo and the author of 4 Ezra. Philo's double creation accounts in Leg. 1.31-32 and Opif. 134-35 suggest that, although significantly influenced by Hellenistic thought, his interpretation of Genesis 1-3 was also shaped by Palestinian Jewish tradition. The author of 4 Ezra, although colored by the apocalyptic tradition in light of the destruction of the temple, turns to Genesis 1-3 exegetical traditions attested in 4QInstruction primarily to articulate the future rewards of righteous Israelites who obey the Torah. It is reasonable that Philo and 4 Ezra appropriated and reworked exegetical traditions regarding Genesis 1-3 attested in Palestinian wisdom literature in Palestine in the second century B.C.E. 4QInstruction also allows us to observe a larger shift from reading Adam in a sectarian manner in association with the elect and the angels in the second century B.C.E. to the primary way to account for human sinfulness in the first century C.E. This is exemplified in 4 Ezra. 4QInstruction not only provides a better understanding of the traditions used by individual Second Temple authors, the more complete picture of how Adam was interpreted during this period reveals a larger trend that was not available before the publication of this sapiential Qumran text.
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Date Issued: 2013
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-7942
Format: Thesis

Title: Love's Working Arm: How Lutherans Became Mainstream Americans Through Their Work with Displaced Persons.
Creator: Amundson, Anna, Sinke, Suzanne, Porterfield, Amanda, Koslow, Jennifer, Hanley, Will, Gray, Edward, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This dissertation traces the process by which American Lutherans used charity work, particularly the provision of social services to refugees, to enter mainstream American society in the middle of the twentieth century. In the years following World War I, after Americanization campaigners branded them a suspicious and foreign element, American Lutherans began a significant reappraisal of their position in American society. Illustrating the increasing secularization of American society during...
Show moreThis dissertation traces the process by which American Lutherans used charity work, particularly the provision of social services to refugees, to enter mainstream American society in the middle of the twentieth century. In the years following World War I, after Americanization campaigners branded them a suspicious and foreign element, American Lutherans began a significant reappraisal of their position in American society. Illustrating the increasing secularization of American society during this period, Lutheran leaders downplayed their ethnic and theological differences to seek a closer relationship with the American government and participation in cooperative charity projects as a way to enhance their image with the American public. By the end of World War II, millions of Lutheran laypeople set aside their differences to support their church's role in the government's refugee resettlement program. Church leaders encouraged their members to donate money, food, or clothing, sponsor refugees, and welcome them into American churches. They also lobbied for the inclusion of refugees in government programs that typically had citizenship and residency requirements, such as county poor relief. In the process, they helped to create the parameters of the public-private partnership between government bodies and religious voluntary agencies that still exists today to assist refugees entering the United States.
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Date Issued: 2014
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-8932
Format: Thesis

Title: "Vicksburg's Troubles": Black Participation in the Body Politic and Land Ownership in the Age of Redeemer Violence.
Creator: Dorsey, Albert, Jones, Maxine D., Montgomery, Maxine L., Jones, James P., Koslow, Jennifer L., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This dissertation looks at the 1874 "Vicksburg (Mississippi) Massacre" and its direct causes. Black sharecroppers, during the Reconstruction era, have been the focus of considerable scholarship that looks at black life in relation to white landowners. Little attention, however, has been given to black landowners. An examination of the House of Representatives Reports, Land Deeds, Census Records, Tax Records, and the American Missionary Association Archival Records allow a critical examination...
Show moreThis dissertation looks at the 1874 "Vicksburg (Mississippi) Massacre" and its direct causes. Black sharecroppers, during the Reconstruction era, have been the focus of considerable scholarship that looks at black life in relation to white landowners. Little attention, however, has been given to black landowners. An examination of the House of Representatives Reports, Land Deeds, Census Records, Tax Records, and the American Missionary Association Archival Records allow a critical examination of the agency that black landowners in Vicksburg garnered before the Massacre. This dissertation focuses on the direct causes behind the massacre, including local black politicians and civic leaders, and a growing number of black landowners. More importantly, the acquisition of land by black Mississippians prompted the most prosperous white land owners to take action against them. Most threatening to Vicksburg's white population was the fact that Vicksburg had a black sheriff who also served as county tax collector. As Vicksburg's black leaders began to spend tax money on black education, whites became infuriated. This micro history of Vicksburg during the Reconstruction era demonstrates that life for these folk must have been hard but many of them found ways to form communities independent from white landowners.
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Date Issued: 2012
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-6911
Format: Thesis

Title: "The Way It Was": Race Relations and Integration in Citrus County, Florida.
Creator: Allen, Dennis Shawn, Jones, Maxine D., Koslow, Jennifer L., Montgomery, Maxine Lavon, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: In 1967, Citrus County integrated its school system prompted by the federal government mandate and loss of hundreds of thousands of dollars. The integration process occurred over18 months through two different plans, and it went smoothly with no protests or racial incidents. What caused the county, who actively ignored the Brown v. Board decision, to integrate easily? The answer is found in Citrus County's economic development. The county developed post Reconstruction with a series of...
Show moreIn 1967, Citrus County integrated its school system prompted by the federal government mandate and loss of hundreds of thousands of dollars. The integration process occurred over18 months through two different plans, and it went smoothly with no protests or racial incidents. What caused the county, who actively ignored the Brown v. Board decision, to integrate easily? The answer is found in Citrus County's economic development. The county developed post Reconstruction with a series of industries that brought in poor, black and white laborers. This prevented entrenched racial communities and caused both races to share similar working and living experiences. However, a soft racism occurred through economic gain and education. Blacks were not paid the same wages as whites, and their schools were not funded equally. Blacks were prevented from an opportunity of higher education because the county did not provide a high school until 1947, at the mandate of the state. Blacks made the most of the funding they had and produced college students at a higher rate than the white schools. Still, black did not achieve educational equality until the integration in 1967. By then the county was moving past the integration debate and onto providing a quality educational experience to a booming population.
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Date Issued: 2013
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-8523
Format: Thesis

Title: Competing Memories: Tallahassee's Civil War Commemorations, Exhibits, and Celebrations.
Creator: Berumen, Esther H., Koslow, Jennifer, Jones, Maxine D., Jones, James P., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study is to explore the forms in which the Civil War and the Emancipation Proclamation are commemorated, celebrated, and remembered in Tallahassee. It will further investigate how or if these events within Tallahassee present a clear, accurate and universal recollection of the city's participation in the Civil War. Included in this discussion are the competing official and vernacular memories present in the Tallahassee community. This work will also assist in identifying...
Show moreThe purpose of this study is to explore the forms in which the Civil War and the Emancipation Proclamation are commemorated, celebrated, and remembered in Tallahassee. It will further investigate how or if these events within Tallahassee present a clear, accurate and universal recollection of the city's participation in the Civil War. Included in this discussion are the competing official and vernacular memories present in the Tallahassee community. This work will also assist in identifying the purpose of these public types of observances, the function they serve in society, and the extent to which we allow private memory to dictate how and what we commemorate. It will discuss these issues through an assessment of a forthcoming exhibit at the National Archives and Records Administration, and current exhibits located at the Museum of Florida History, and the Old Capitol Museum, each of which focus on different aspects of the Civil War. An evaluation of the annual celebrations held at The Walker-Ford Community Center and the Knott House museum will further contribute to the discussion of current competing memories in Tallahassee.
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Date Issued: 2009
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-1390
Format: Thesis

Title: "Don't Strip Tease for Anophlese": A History of Malaria Protocols during World War II.
Creator: Wacks, Rachel Elise, Piehler, G. Kurt, Koslow, Jennifer L., Mizelle, Richard, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This study focuses on the American anti-malaria campaign beginning in 1939. Despite the seemingly endless scholarship on World War II in the past seventy years, little has been written on the malaria epidemic on Guadalcanal. Through extensive archival research, the breadth of the anti-malaria campaign throughout the Pacific is explored as a positive side effect of the malaria epidemic on Guadalcanal in 1942-1943. While most scholars of the Pacific war mention the devastating effects of...
Show moreThis study focuses on the American anti-malaria campaign beginning in 1939. Despite the seemingly endless scholarship on World War II in the past seventy years, little has been written on the malaria epidemic on Guadalcanal. Through extensive archival research, the breadth of the anti-malaria campaign throughout the Pacific is explored as a positive side effect of the malaria epidemic on Guadalcanal in 1942-1943. While most scholars of the Pacific war mention the devastating effects of malaria during the battle for Guadalcanal, few have examined the malaria protocols. Through intensified atabrine discipline, bed nets, mosquito repellant, and an intense cultural war against malaria, the United States military won the war against the anopheles mosquito. Moreover, research and development in the years leading up to war fundamentally changed the way large-scale scientific and medical research is conducted in the United States, including the establishment of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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Date Issued: 2013
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-7640
Format: Thesis

Title: Louisa S. Mccord and the "Feminist" Debate.
Creator: McLeod, Cindy A., Jones, Maxine D., Montgomery, Maxine, Koslow, Jennifer, Upchurch, Charles, Program in Interdisciplinary Humanities, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Who was Louisa S. McCord as a writer and polemicist on women's rights in the antebellum South? Why did she, a conservative intellectual, use the term 'feminist' in 1852? Historians of the nineteenth century Woman's Rights Movement have paid McCord little attention because of her geographic location'she lived in South Carolina'and her conservative opinions. Her attitudes, which were conventional for her era, put her outside the interest of women's studies until recently. This dissertation...
Show moreWho was Louisa S. McCord as a writer and polemicist on women's rights in the antebellum South? Why did she, a conservative intellectual, use the term 'feminist' in 1852? Historians of the nineteenth century Woman's Rights Movement have paid McCord little attention because of her geographic location'she lived in South Carolina'and her conservative opinions. Her attitudes, which were conventional for her era, put her outside the interest of women's studies until recently. This dissertation provides a new analysis of Louisa S. McCord's work and argues the historical significance of her ideas about the Woman's Rights Movement of the nineteenth century. Furthermore, this dissertation is particularly interested in McCord's use of the word 'feminist.' In the course of critiquing female reformer Elizabeth Oakes Smith, McCord may have been the first person to use the term 'feminist' in print. This study adds to the collective knowledge of women's history by shining a light on the impact of McCord's ideas. This study is an interdisciplinary one, utilizing both sociology and women's history in studying the social system of the antebellum South. This dissertation examines the gendered aspects of the South's social class structure by analyzing McCord's published essays on women's rights. An analysis of non-fiction nineteenth-century periodical literature provided the foundational sources for this work. In addition, letters and legal documents gave insight into the personal life of this intriguing woman.
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Date Issued: 2011
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-7194
Format: Thesis

Title: Claude Pepper the New South Rebel: Ideology in Action 1936-1952.
Creator: Ortiz, Robert, Jumonville, Neil, Barrilleaux, Charles, Creswell, Michael, Jones, Maxine D., Koslow, Jennifer L., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The historical interpretations of Claude Pepper's Senate career until now depicted a Senator who had lost touch with his constituency and the political ideas of the nation after World War II. In examining his record in the Senate and his personal views on public policy, we discover that Senator Pepper was a southerner that was willing to stand up for the values of traditional southern liberalism and populist views. Pepper adhered to these principles and rebelled against the intolerance and...
Show moreThe historical interpretations of Claude Pepper's Senate career until now depicted a Senator who had lost touch with his constituency and the political ideas of the nation after World War II. In examining his record in the Senate and his personal views on public policy, we discover that Senator Pepper was a southerner that was willing to stand up for the values of traditional southern liberalism and populist views. Pepper adhered to these principles and rebelled against the intolerance and prejudices of post war fear and the Cold War. Pepper battled those perceptions and supported progress since the New Deal for all in the New South. His defeat in 1950 marked the end of southern liberalism as a force in Florida and in Southern politics. Conservatism also, would never be the same losing its traditional enlightenment to reaction and endangering America's political culture and ideology. As modern America replaced traditional liberalism with European terms, it began to characterize America's public policy.
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Date Issued: 2014
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-8862
Format: Thesis

Title: "A Cruel Hoax": How Brown v. Board of Education Undermined Florida's Black Educators; an Examination of Two Counties, 1954-1971.
Creator: Palmer, Kathryn B., Jones, Maxine D., Koslow, Jennifer L., Jumonville, Neil, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This historical research study focuses on the subject of school desegregation and its affect on black educators in two northern Florida counties, Leon and Alachua. Using Brown v. Board of Education (1954, 1955) as an axis, the study engages the concept of "legal resistance" employed by Florida's government as a nonviolent means of circumventing the desegregation order. As recent historiographical contributions to civil rights in Florida assert, the Sunshine State's civil rights history falls...
Show moreThis historical research study focuses on the subject of school desegregation and its affect on black educators in two northern Florida counties, Leon and Alachua. Using Brown v. Board of Education (1954, 1955) as an axis, the study engages the concept of "legal resistance" employed by Florida's government as a nonviolent means of circumventing the desegregation order. As recent historiographical contributions to civil rights in Florida assert, the Sunshine State's civil rights history falls short of the "exceptionalism" lawmakers and news media attempted to portray. Recent contribution to the historical understanding of Florida's race relations suggests a much different story of struggle and sacrifice. Although black educators in the state worked to lift up their public schools in spite of unequal access, the closing of black schools as a means of achieving integration bespoke the apathy of local school officials. Both Alachua and Leon County reside in the northern region of Florida, and both municipalities expressed open resistance to integrated education. Home to two of the most well-regarded African-American high schools in the Sunshine State, both counties took immense pride in their passionate educators. Tallahassee and Gainesville were two Florida cities with a complex history of segregated public school systems, and out of those constructions came two segregated high schools; both named Lincoln. In reviewing the records and literature associated with both Lincoln High School in Tallahassee and Lincoln High School in Gainesville, the commitment of each school's faculty emerges as a major source of strength for both segregated African-American communities. When school desegregation is examined on the individual high school level, the deeply personal impact of the Brown v. Board ruling on Florida's black educators becomes clearer. This historical research study will analyze the impact of Brown v. Board on two black high schools in two Florida counties. This is a testament to a small group of African-American educators, who, in spite of Jim Crow, never forgot the importance of education. Finally, this work should be understood as a small contribution to a growing body of literature devoted to understanding school desegregation on a local scale. In both of the following cases, black teachers and administrators suffered the most as a result of school desegregation, losing both professional and social agency. This study aims to tell their stories.
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Date Issued: 2014
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-8863
Format: Thesis

Title: Losing Home: Why Rural Northwest Florida Needs to Be Saved.
Creator: Riley-Taylor, Zena S., Jumonville, Neil, Davis, Frederick, Koslow, Jennifer, Program in American and Florida Studies, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Land use in Florida has seen many changes since it became an American territory in 1821. But while land use can be a categorical term for classifying property, it can also take on a more valuable meaning. When the land was originally opened up for frontier settlers and wealthy planters to farm in the early years, it usually meant family and freedom as individuals and large kinship networks migrated south to establish homesteads and plantations. This population was mostly concentrated in...
Show moreLand use in Florida has seen many changes since it became an American territory in 1821. But while land use can be a categorical term for classifying property, it can also take on a more valuable meaning. When the land was originally opened up for frontier settlers and wealthy planters to farm in the early years, it usually meant family and freedom as individuals and large kinship networks migrated south to establish homesteads and plantations. This population was mostly concentrated in Middle Florida or the northern part of the state. Leading up to the Civil War, cotton was obviously a royal crop and a manufacturing movement emerged to support the momentum toward Southern independence. However, the aftermath of the Civil War seems to be a turning point for the dominantly agrarian region as timber, railroads, and tourism changed the way residents used the land. While Northwest Florida retained agriculture as a major part of the economy, the peninsula became more developed and populated, mostly with wealthy Northern tourists, and in effect, the state transformed into two distinct regions with very different environments and cultures. Comparisons between the two sections are made throughout the study to illustrate lessons that can be learned from one to the other. Sprawl, congestion, and overdevelopment's assault on the environment are common concerns. My focus for this study is to show how land use and essentially rural life changed for those individuals who were accustomed to subsistence farming in Northwest Florida. Land prices, a decline in farm acreage, population distribution, and suburbanization exhibit this transformation. In addition, the intention is to show the assets of the Panhandle through its environment, rural character, and agrarian heritage which equates into a revered quality of life. The rural places of Northwest Florida deserve protection from inappropriate and misplaced development using rural land conservation and land-use planning techniques while revitalizing towns and cities that have already been developed and preserving the region's vast historical resources for future generations.
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Date Issued: 2013
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-7577
Format: Thesis

Title: The Wars That Never Were: American Airpower and Conflict Deterrence in the Twentieth Century.
Creator: Rice, Johnathan Adam, Harper, Professor Kristine C., Doel, Professor Ronald E., Koslow, Professor Jennifer L., Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Scholars have often treated the United States' military's use of airpower with contempt, focusing on the casualties and destruction of war. But airpower has another function: conflict deterrence. During and after the Cold War, United States airpower actively engaged in what were formally termed Military Operations Other Than War, perpetuating its and its allies' interests, preventing the spread of Communism, and deterring conflicts. With well-studied coercive strategies, military thinkers...
Show moreScholars have often treated the United States' military's use of airpower with contempt, focusing on the casualties and destruction of war. But airpower has another function: conflict deterrence. During and after the Cold War, United States airpower actively engaged in what were formally termed Military Operations Other Than War, perpetuating its and its allies' interests, preventing the spread of Communism, and deterring conflicts. With well-studied coercive strategies, military thinkers were able to pinpoint an adversary's leadership and remove it with precision-guided munitions while mitigating casualties and preventing conflict escalation. With its fleet of cargo aircraft, the United States was able to deliver food, supplies, and troops to troubled regions in response to crises, thus maintaining stability and preventing bad situations from worsening. By exploiting satellite capabilities, the nation was able to watch its adversary's actions, ensuring compliance with treaties and regulations. In a number of ways, airpower was used to tamp down potentially hot conflicts even while other airpower resources were engaged in more stereotypical attack modes. Drawing heavily on Air Force and Joint Military doctrines and related primary and secondary sources, this thesis analyzes and assesses how airpower contributes to United States' interests in ways that have been often overlooked.
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Date Issued: 2010
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-1862
Format: Thesis

Title: Florida Crackers and Yankee Tourists: The Civilian Conservation Corps, the Florida Park Service and the Emergence of Modern Florida Tourism.
Creator: Nelson, David J., Green, Elna C., Leib, Jonathan, Koslow, Jennifer, Davis, Frederick, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Scholars harbor little doubt that tourism and other forms of commodification have played a crucial role in Florida's social, economical, and cultural past. But few scholars have dealt directly with that commercialization and its cultural and social effects upon the state. Fewer still have tried to locate the start of such commercialization. This study will attempt to accomplish that as it looks at Florida during the New Deal-era. In its simplest form, the argument presented here is that...
Show moreScholars harbor little doubt that tourism and other forms of commodification have played a crucial role in Florida's social, economical, and cultural past. But few scholars have dealt directly with that commercialization and its cultural and social effects upon the state. Fewer still have tried to locate the start of such commercialization. This study will attempt to accomplish that as it looks at Florida during the New Deal-era. In its simplest form, the argument presented here is that Florida's commercialization began in its present form during the 1930s, fueled in large part by federal relief programs as well as by an influential and largely non-native commercial-civic elite. This dissertation will look at that transformation primarily through the Civilian Conservation Corps' development of the Florida Park Service. This dissertation will also branch out to explore how the federal and state governments, alongside the local civic-commercial elite, transformed Florida in order to make concrete Florida's long-standing literary and popular image. In addition it will also show that such a transformation was not welcomed by all. In many ways, a cultural and political battle ensued over the future of Florida as economic and political priorities shifted from agriculture and extraction of the state's resources to one of promotion and attraction. For many residents, the consequences were not just economic and political, but also personal. Long before Disney World opened for business and bold-faced the cultural divisions in the state, native white Floridians of the 1930s whose parents fought for and supported the "Lost Cause" were none too happy to find themselves residing in a state becoming more known for coconuts and flamingoes than cotton and states' rights. A new white Southern identity emerged to contest the prevailing tropical image. The Florida Cracker, a long-used derogatory moniker, was re-packaged and reformatted to provide the label for a diverse and often divisive group that nonetheless were united in their rejection of the state's catering to so-called "foreigners." Also of interest here is the effect these changes had upon both the human relationship with Florida's environment as well as upon the physical environment itself. As so much of the image of Florida rested upon its climate, palm trees, sandy beaches and tropical forests, much was undertaken to realize physically that image. Forest fires were extinguished, livestock fenced, ecosystems altered and even local fauna such as panthers, bear, bobcats and turtles slaughtered in order to provide a safe, but exotic, "natural" environment. Today thinking of state parks as tourist attractions is alien to most, who usually see such places as antidotes to the kitschy and overtly commercial theme parks and tourist attractions. Yet in the 1930s nearly all of the state's tourist attractions utilized some natural aspect including swamplands, beaches, natural springs, alligators, the climate, and limestone caverns. To understand modern Florida is to understand how the CCC, the FPS and Florida's government developed Florida tourism as well as those citizens who rejected their efforts in the 1930s.
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Date Issued: 2008
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-2672
Format: Thesis

Title: Junior Grows Up: The Development of the Tallahassee Museum, 1957-1992.
Creator: O‘Donnell, Shannon, Koslow, Jennifer, Schmidt, Heike, Villeneuve, Pat, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This thesis analyzes the history of the junior museum movement in the United States by specifically examining the Tallahassee Museum in Florida. The Tallahassee Junior Museum was founded in 1957 to provide interactive education in natural history to school age children. In 1992 the Tallahassee Museum removed "Junior" from its name, signifying a change in mission and audiences. The name rebranding marked the end of the junior museum trend. Junior museums are underrepresented in the...
Show moreThis thesis analyzes the history of the junior museum movement in the United States by specifically examining the Tallahassee Museum in Florida. The Tallahassee Junior Museum was founded in 1957 to provide interactive education in natural history to school age children. In 1992 the Tallahassee Museum removed "Junior" from its name, signifying a change in mission and audiences. The name rebranding marked the end of the junior museum trend. Junior museums are underrepresented in the historiography of museum studies, and this thesis aims to contribute to this literature by filling this gap through the use of archival documents, oral histories, and various secondary sources. Studying the development of the Tallahassee Museum also shows how changes in museum theory affected the practices of the institution.
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Date Issued: 2009
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-2464
Format: Thesis

Title: Oveta Culp Hobby: A Study of Power and Control.
Creator: Pando, Robert T., Green, Elna C., Warf, Barney, Jones, Maxine D., Jumonville, Neil, Koslow, Jennifer, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Oveta Culp Hobby, the second child and second daughter of a country family, was born with unusual intellectual gifts. The girl's parents permitted her to develop her gifts organically, and by early adulthood she launched herself into the world of Texas politics and business. She augmented her self-education by seeking the example and guidance of intelligent and educated women, veterans of the suffrage movement in Texas. She married her employer, a newspaper publisher and former Texas governor...
Show moreOveta Culp Hobby, the second child and second daughter of a country family, was born with unusual intellectual gifts. The girl's parents permitted her to develop her gifts organically, and by early adulthood she launched herself into the world of Texas politics and business. She augmented her self-education by seeking the example and guidance of intelligent and educated women, veterans of the suffrage movement in Texas. She married her employer, a newspaper publisher and former Texas governor, and proceeded to educate herself in the minutia of the newspaper business. Over time, her efforts contributed to the financial success of the paper. While still a young adult, she concurrently pursued a second career in volunteer associations and public projects, activities in which she exhibited proficiency. The War Department drafted her to help quell a querulous public, then, recognizing her problem-solving skills, drafted her again to organize the new women's branch of the United States Army. Following four years of service in Washington, D.C., she resumed her careers in business and public life. A member of the commercial and professional leadership of her city and state, she turned her attention to partisan politics, supporting Dwight Eisenhower as an electable Republican alternative to Democratic presidential candidates whom she thought too liberal. Eisenhower returned the favor by naming her the first woman in the cabinet of a Republican administration. A blue-ribbon panel recommended reorganizing the nation's executive branch. Eisenhower assigned Hobby to implement the most far-reaching of the reorganization steps, the establishment of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Successes and failures marked her tenure; some are still debated. Hobby returned to her media company after her second stint of service in Washington and built it into a larger regional influence, ultimately selling the components. She lived a public life in fast-moving times: the booming 1920s, the Depression 1930s, the wartime 1940s, and the threatening 1950s. She influenced the outcomes of many events during the periods.
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Date Issued: 2008
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-2300
Format: Thesis

Title: Sacralized Health and Social Reform: Protestant and Catholic Reactions to Syphilis in America 1900-1914.
Creator: Muka, Samantha Kay, Davis, Frederick R., Koslow, Jennifer, Kennedy-Hanson, Margaret, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Americans considered syphilis a major public health problem at the turn of the twentieth century. Due to major scientific breakthroughs in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, syphilis was seen as both heritable and acquired. The recognition of this special ability, when other fears of disease were being diffused by germ theory, created an air of desperation surrounding the disease. Native, white, middle class Americans lumped their fear of syphilis in with their fear of 'race...
Show moreAmericans considered syphilis a major public health problem at the turn of the twentieth century. Due to major scientific breakthroughs in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, syphilis was seen as both heritable and acquired. The recognition of this special ability, when other fears of disease were being diffused by germ theory, created an air of desperation surrounding the disease. Native, white, middle class Americans lumped their fear of syphilis in with their fear of 'race suicide' and sought to eradicate this threat through a variety of avenues. Although much historical work has been done on both the social conditions that exacerbated syphilitic fears, as well as the governmental public health programs to eradicate it, religious reactions to the disease are often excluded or combined with what are known as 'secular' reactions. Religious reactions to syphilis were engaged in a burgeoning social reform movement that had swept through American society. Both Protestant and Catholic groups developed views on syphilis eradication based on how the particular denomination approached all social reform at the time. Many historians have included liberal Protestants as a component of 'secular' reform but it seems more informative to analyze the differences between the Protestant reform movement and that of the American government. Others have suggested that Catholic reform was outside of the scientific and medical society of the time: in essence, that Catholicism rejected many reforms based on fears about science. Instead, a closer examination of Catholic reform suggests that Catholics did not reject new science outright but that internal disorder disallowed the American Catholic community from reaching beyond its own borders to a wider, non-Catholic audience. The community did not reject sociology or genetics out right; instead, it utilized a new place in these social reform communities to help their growing populations establish themselves in American society. Protestant and Catholic reactions to syphilis at the turn of the century are more complex than just 'secular' or 'sacral'. Instead, they offer images of religious recognition of the burgeoning world of modern science, as well as their recognition that they could, and did, have a place in that world. Although many objectives and reform avenues shifted in both groups, the appearance of secularization is directly mirrored by a sacralization of new medical techniques and social reforms, therefore making the world and the ability to shape it a sacred endeavor. This work seeks to highlight the misapplication of labels applied to religious groups in the early twentieth century due to their social reform efforts involving disease eradication. By concentrating on a disease that was seen as both a moral and physical illness, and that experienced major medical breakthroughs during the time, we can view the dual duty that these groups felt that they were performing; both as a moral compass for the entire nation and as a physical guard protecting the unique physicality that permitted Christianity in humans.
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Date Issued: 2008
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-2201
Format: Thesis

Title: Prophet of the Glades: Ernest Coe and the Fight for Everglades National Park.
Creator: Wilhelm, Chris, Davis, Fritz, Stallins, Anthony, Doel, Ron, Koslow, Jennifer, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This dissertation examines the creation of Everglades National Park and specifically focuses on the actions of Ernest Coe, the primary historical actor in this narrative. It places this fight in its larger historical context and examines the relationship between the fight for the park and the emergence of modern environmentalism. This park was the first established for ecological reasons and was the first that explicitly protected an area as a wilderness. Both ecology and a concern for...
Show moreThis dissertation examines the creation of Everglades National Park and specifically focuses on the actions of Ernest Coe, the primary historical actor in this narrative. It places this fight in its larger historical context and examines the relationship between the fight for the park and the emergence of modern environmentalism. This park was the first established for ecological reasons and was the first that explicitly protected an area as a wilderness. Both ecology and a concern for wilderness were major elements of modern environmentalism. This study also focuses on how park advocates perceived nature in general and the Everglades specifically and on how these perceptions of nature affected the social and political aspects of the park's creation.
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Date Issued: 2010
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-1011
Format: Thesis

Title: Family of Science: Education, Gender, and Science in the Colden Family of New York 1720-1770.
Creator: Beck-Kaplan, Colleen, Gray, Edward, Koslow, Jennifer, Davis, Frederick, Department of History, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Investigation into how the Jane and Cadwallader Colden navigated the physical, social, and cultural environment of colonial New York both as regular people representative of their class, and as scientists offers insight into the changing nature of colonial society and views of science in the mid 1700s. The work of the Coldens is especially important to this topic because it shows the influence of Enlightenment thought in creating "proper" fields of science and intellectual activity in the...
Show moreInvestigation into how the Jane and Cadwallader Colden navigated the physical, social, and cultural environment of colonial New York both as regular people representative of their class, and as scientists offers insight into the changing nature of colonial society and views of science in the mid 1700s. The work of the Coldens is especially important to this topic because it shows the influence of Enlightenment thought in creating "proper" fields of science and intellectual activity in the English colonies on in the mid to late 18th century when this "feminization" of certain sciences is often seen as primarily an English phenomenon of the 19th century. Instead, their work shows that this was a trans-Atlantic change with earlier origins. As elite women participated in the sciences with greater frequency, multiple narratives emerged in both England and the American colonies, to justify this change and place it in an understandable context. For men, society accepted participation in sciences as a manifestation of Enlightenment values focused on reason. Women"s participation in the sciences, on the other hand, was often justified through an appeal to natural philosophy or through emphasis on continuity with established beliefs about manners and hetero-gender social interaction that generally mandated familial support for their endeavors. By examining the writings of the Colden family and commentary on changes to intellectual culture that emerged in popular pamphlets and behavior manuals we can see that the groundwork for the "feminization" of certain intellectual subjects such as botany was already in place in the 18th century and examine some of the cultural forces that led to this trend which would continue into the 19th century.
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Date Issued: 2010
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-1181
Format: Thesis

Title: Interpreting Unhappy Women in Edith Wharton's Novels.
Creator: Lee, Min-Jung, Moore, Dennis, Koslow, Jennifer, Berry, Ralph, McGregory, Jerrilyn, Department of English, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: There is nothing new under the sun in human experiences of inevitable disappointment, suffering, and pain derived from imperfect human nature and the reality of human life. This dissertation analyzes female characters that suffer from sorrow, pain, and tribulation in these novels by Edith Wharton: The Age of Innocence (1920), The House of Mirth (1905), The Custom of the Country (1913) and Twilight Sleep (1927). Female characters that I discuss belong to a group of upper-class in New York,...
Show moreThere is nothing new under the sun in human experiences of inevitable disappointment, suffering, and pain derived from imperfect human nature and the reality of human life. This dissertation analyzes female characters that suffer from sorrow, pain, and tribulation in these novels by Edith Wharton: The Age of Innocence (1920), The House of Mirth (1905), The Custom of the Country (1913) and Twilight Sleep (1927). Female characters that I discuss belong to a group of upper-class in New York, ranged from post-Civil War era to post-World War I. I focus on how they cope with complications and endure unhappiness resulting from their limited positions in society and the inadequacy of their marriages. This dissertation aims to explore the social, cultural, and psychological conditions that lead Wharton's female characters toward a new consciousness and to examine how human psychology develops based on the principles of the analytical psychology of Carl Jung and his followers rather than the approach we associate with Sigmund Freud. As feminist scholars have pointed out, Freud's theory does not hold for girls because boys' and girls' Oedipal complexes are not symmetrical. A girl does not simply transfer her affection from mother to father and give up her tender feelings for her mother. Instead, the bond is more likely to be sustained, and the relation to her father is added to it. Girls often come to define themselves more in relation to others, rather than as separate and isolated. The impact of feminist scholarship since the 1970s has restored Wharton's works to the American canon. Having shifted from the external factors to the psychological domain, Wharton's unhappy female characters represent the oppression of what Jung identifies as the Feminine, not of women. The problem lies in the lack of relationship between a woman's ego and her archetypes—both Feminine and Masculine. This study demonstrates how the character's life is shaped by the suppression and distortion, and later, the implosive and explosive power of her evolving Feminine consciousness. Wharton's characters embody her philosophy that paradox is the essence of living, particularly the paradox in the human psyche. Although one longs for harmony, peace and resolution, experiences teach one that it is conflict and failure that stimulate one's growth and evolution to another stage in life.
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Date Issued: 2008
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-3171
Format: Thesis

Title: “Laborers Together with God”: Civilian Public Service and Public Health in the South during World War II.
Creator: Tomlinson, Angela E., Jones, Maxine Deloris, Montgomery, Maxine L., Jones, James Pickett, Koslow, Jennifer Lisa, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences,...
Show moreTomlinson, Angela E., Jones, Maxine Deloris, Montgomery, Maxine L., Jones, James Pickett, Koslow, Jennifer Lisa, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Department of History
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Abstract/Description: During World War II, the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 required conscientious objectors (COs) who opposed any form of military service to perform "work of national importance under civilian direction." The program that carried out this alternative service was the Civilian Public Service (CPS), in which approximately 12,000 pacifists served at 151 camps established across the nation during the war. Some of those camps were in Florida and Mississippi, where CPS men worked with...
Show moreDuring World War II, the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 required conscientious objectors (COs) who opposed any form of military service to perform "work of national importance under civilian direction." The program that carried out this alternative service was the Civilian Public Service (CPS), in which approximately 12,000 pacifists served at 151 camps established across the nation during the war. Some of those camps were in Florida and Mississippi, where CPS men worked with state and local public health authorities to combat diseases that plagued the South's poor, including hookworm and malaria. Though an advance over previous options for COs, CPS was not always well-received, by either the American people or the men who served within it. This dissertation will examine the camps in Florida and Mississippi to assess the success (or lack thereof) of the CPS alternative service program during the war, and also to explore the larger question of how well the United States upholds and protects the right of its citizens (particularly, nonconformist citizens) during a time of national crisis.
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Date Issued: 2015
Identifier: FSU_2015fall_Tomlinson_fsu_0071E_12875
Format: Thesis

Title: The Disembodied Theatre of Edward Gorey.
Creator: Gunn, Anthony, Osborne, Elizabeth A., Koslow, Jennifer Lisa, Dahl, Mary Karen, Al-Saber, Samer, Florida State University, College of Fine Arts, School of Theatre
Abstract/Description: Edward Gorey (1925–2000) is primarily known as an enigmatic artist, author, and personality. All told, Gorey wrote and illustrated over one hundred books during his lifetime and designed book covers for countless others. He has an enormous cult following of fans that buy up his numerous books and prints and make pilgrimages to his old home, now a museum, to learn and lurk where he lived and worked in the later stages of his life. What is mostly unknown—both to Gorey aficionados and scholars...
Show moreEdward Gorey (1925–2000) is primarily known as an enigmatic artist, author, and personality. All told, Gorey wrote and illustrated over one hundred books during his lifetime and designed book covers for countless others. He has an enormous cult following of fans that buy up his numerous books and prints and make pilgrimages to his old home, now a museum, to learn and lurk where he lived and worked in the later stages of his life. What is mostly unknown—both to Gorey aficionados and scholars—is that Gorey wrote, directed, designed, and acted in a wide variety of plays and theatricals throughout his life. Despite Gorey’s reputation as artist and author, his sizable work in the theatre, and his notable fan base, there is virtually nothing written about his theatre work from a scholarly perspective. Gorey produced “more than a dozen full-length plays and ‘entertainments’ for Cape Cod theatres, plus half a dozen shorter pieces” —almost all original works—in Cape Cod between 1987 and 1999. He played an active role in these productions, writing, directing and designing many, and even creating an original and unique puppet troupe—La Théâtricule Stoïque—that became a signature aspect of this work. What were these plays and entertainments like? Did they share characteristics with his books? How would knowing more about these performances change the conversation about Gorey’s work? I also began to question how these performances might exist beyond the confines of any given production—if there was some way that one could experience them outside of the original performances. While these questions initially centered on Gorey, how might they also extend to other performances? Can performances stretch beyond the boundaries of a given space and time in a way that pushes past the experience of the text or extant ephemera? And, in line with the dark and somewhat mysterious nature of Gorey’s art, what theatre might still be present after human actors have finished? Can there be disembodied theatre? Do performances continue after they end? My dissertation will delve into the theatrical and literary art of Edward Gorey, bringing Gorey into theatre history as a popular and well-known artist, even if he is largely unknown to scholarship to date. Just as importantly, Gorey will also serve as a case study for an exploration of the ontological nature of performance, especially as performance merges with public history. Gorey is an ideal case study for this exploration because Gorey’s work in the theatre can still be accessed through various public history sites, and I will consider the different ways that the items and sites preserve and showcase these performances. With this work I hope to bring attention to a tremendous artistic talent, as well as contribute to the way we conceive of the potential of performance to endure beyond the liveness of the theatrical encounter. With this investigation I am testing to see if the spectral meanings of a performance can be transmitted through disembodied means such as archival materials and things on display. I imagine disembodied theatre takes place away from the theatre, in spaces of public history such as a library, archive, or museum space. This is a crucial question in this investigation and one that I will suggest an answer to in the following chapters. I suggest that disembodied performance can exist, but these traces of performance must be available to view and interested spectators must be willing to use their imagination to fill in the gaps left by such materials. This dissertation seeks to both closely analyze Gorey’s theatre work in order to make his plays more well-known, and to test the limits and possibilities of disembodied theatre.
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Date Issued: 2018
Identifier: 2018_Sp_Gunn_fsu_0071E_14497
Format: Thesis

Title: The Few, the Proud: Gender and the Marine Corps Body.
Creator: Patterson, Sarah Elizabeth, Sinke, Suzanne M., Moore, Dennis, Piehler, G. Kurt, Upchurch, Charles, Koslow, Jennifer Lisa, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences,...
Show morePatterson, Sarah Elizabeth, Sinke, Suzanne M., Moore, Dennis, Piehler, G. Kurt, Upchurch, Charles, Koslow, Jennifer Lisa, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Department of History
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Abstract/Description: This project examines the changing shape of femininity and masculinity for Marines from World War I to the Korean War, focusing on the ways that the body serves as a canvas for demonstrating the negotiation of gender roles and the Marine Corps image. Gender has been a constant issue for the military. However, few historical studies consider the ways that the Marine Corps’ status as a particularly elite, masculine institution impacted the desired image of femininity for its female recruits and...
Show moreThis project examines the changing shape of femininity and masculinity for Marines from World War I to the Korean War, focusing on the ways that the body serves as a canvas for demonstrating the negotiation of gender roles and the Marine Corps image. Gender has been a constant issue for the military. However, few historical studies consider the ways that the Marine Corps’ status as a particularly elite, masculine institution impacted the desired image of femininity for its female recruits and how this image changed over time. The hyper-masculine nature of the military influenced the relationship between masculinity and femininity for both servicemen and women. My project looks at these changes in masculinity and femininity by placing gender identity within the context of the hyper-masculine military environment. R.W. Connell’s Masculinities, Anthony Rotundo’s American Manhood, and Aaron Belkin’s Bring Me Men assist in putting gender identity in the military into a more complex and nuanced context, especially focusing on masculinity’s centrality to the American military institution. Belkin, in particular, argues that military masculinity has never been entirely devoid of feminine elements. Aspects of femininity have long been a part of military life, from domestic responsibilities often associated with women to close same sex companionship between soldiers. While generally considered less masculine when taken as separate behaviors, they did not seem problematic in a military context. This leads to the conclusion that the incorporation of women into the military was not a radical introduction of femininity into a solely masculine environment, but rather a more complicated shift in the relationship between gender and occupation. This project’s conclusions support this kind of closer relationship between masculinity and femininity in the military context. Francine D’Amico and Laurie Weinstein’s Gender Camouflage, Melissa Ming Foynes, Jillian C. Shipherd, and Ellen F. Harrington’s “Race and Gender Discrimination in the Marines,” Melissa S. Herbert’s Camouflage Isn’t Only for Combat, Heather J. Höpfl’s “Becoming a (Virile) Member: Women and the Military Body,” Leisa D. Meyer’s Creating GI Jane, and Sara L. Zeigler and Gregory G. Gunderson’s Moving Beyond GI Jane address this shift in gender relations and the resulting tension between military men and women throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries I investigate changes in military gender identity by looking at legislation and regulations controlling gender and sexuality in the military, media depictions of Marines, and the ways that gendered military identity plays out on the body, especially through physical fitness, uniforms, and bodily maintenance. The Marine Corps documented their ideas of normative masculine and feminine Marine bodies through pictures, propaganda, and newsletters. Examination of these different characteristics of the ideal body allow for comparison through time of the ways that Marines presented themselves to society, as well as the methods the Corps utilized to encourage images advantageous to its purposes. Such comparisons show changes in the perception of gender identity through time, as well as new norms of appearance and behavior that developed. This evidence illustrates the complicated and often contradictory relationship between masculinity and femininity that all Marines, male and female, negotiate. This project illustrates the significance of these frequently gendered representations of Marine bodies through time. They show the negotiation of gender within the Corps and how assumptions of gender roles shifted from one war to the next. Understanding these changes helps explain the tensions and conflicts which developed between male and female Marines during different periods, as well as creating a framework for investigating these tensions into the contemporary era. The primary sources used for this project focus on the appearance of Marines, male and female, and include national legislation related to Marines and military regulations enforcing conformity in dress and appearance. Memoirs of Marines, publications intended for Marine readers, as well as publications depicting Marines aid in gaining a better idea of the function of gender for Marines, especially in relation to their interactions between male and female Marines. These documents show the changes occurring in expectations about femininity and masculinity in the Marine Corps over time. Public publications, such as general interest magazines, women’s magazines, and newspapers, showed public ideas of Marines’ gender and their relationship to civilian American gender ideals. This project explores the changing shape of normative Marine Corps bodies and the impact of ideas of masculinity and femininity in their deployment as methods of supporting the services’ goals.
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Date Issued: 2019
Identifier: 2019_Spring_Patterson_fsu_0071E_14978
Format: Thesis

Title: Empire of Direct Mail: Media, Fundraising, and Conservative Political Consultants.
Creator: Moriyama, Takahito, Piehler, G. Kurt, Gomez, Brad T., Koslow, Jennifer Lisa, Sinke, Suzanne M., Creswell, Michael, McVicar, Michael J., Florida State University, College of Arts...
Show moreMoriyama, Takahito, Piehler, G. Kurt, Gomez, Brad T., Koslow, Jennifer Lisa, Sinke, Suzanne M., Creswell, Michael, McVicar, Michael J., Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Department of History
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Abstract/Description: This study examines the rise of modern American conservatism by analyzing the role of computerized direct mail in the conservative movement from the 1950s to the 1980s. In the post-World War II years, the advertising industry on Madison Avenue developed direct marketing to reach out to prospective customers. As political consultants in New York City introduced the new advertising strategy into politics during the 1950s, direct mail became an important medium especially for conservatives when...
Show moreThis study examines the rise of modern American conservatism by analyzing the role of computerized direct mail in the conservative movement from the 1950s to the 1980s. In the post-World War II years, the advertising industry on Madison Avenue developed direct marketing to reach out to prospective customers. As political consultants in New York City introduced the new advertising strategy into politics during the 1950s, direct mail became an important medium especially for conservatives when the majority of mass media was liberal. Empire of Direct Mail focuses on conservative activists in New York and Washington, D.C., such as Marvin Liebman and Richard Viguerie, narrating how direct mail contributed to right-wing organizations and politicians. Constructing the computer database of personal information, direct mail operatives compiled mailing lists of supporters, which provided conservative candidates, including Barry Goldwater, George Wallace, and Ronald Reagan, with nationwide networks of voters and contributors. Right-wing messengers effectively employed direct mail by using emotion as a campaign strategy. They capitalized on rage and discontent in post-1960s America in order to court Southern Democrats, middle-class white suburbanites, and blue-collar workers. While liberal critics condemned conservatives for their emotionalism, liberals unintentionally promoted direct mail politics. The Federal Election Campaign Act Amendments of 1974 brought about the ascendancy of conservative direct mail as the liberal campaign finance reform prohibited big contribution. Direct mail had profound impacts not only on the conservative movement but also on American politics, creating a grassroots activism as the mass of small contribution rather than the accumulation of local engagement. Thus, this research demonstrates how direct mail played a role in transforming the contours of American politics and how it affected American political participation in the twentieth century.
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Date Issued: 2019
Identifier: 2019_Spring_Moriyama_fsu_0071E_15002
Format: Thesis

Title: Zeitfreiwillige and Freikorpskämpfer Paramilitaries of Early Weimar Germany.
Creator: Ellis, David Sloan, Grant, Jonathan A., Williamson, George S., Koslow, Jennifer Lisa, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Department of History
Abstract/Description: During the early years of the Weimar Republic paramilitary organizations were commonplace. With the dissolution of the Imperial Army after the German defeat in World War I, the new republican government needed a means to ensure its authority and fostered volunteer troops known as Freikorps. These units could be raised and led by any with both the financial and charismatic means to do so and held no uniform model or political motivation. They saw the most action during the German Revolution,...
Show moreDuring the early years of the Weimar Republic paramilitary organizations were commonplace. With the dissolution of the Imperial Army after the German defeat in World War I, the new republican government needed a means to ensure its authority and fostered volunteer troops known as Freikorps. These units could be raised and led by any with both the financial and charismatic means to do so and held no uniform model or political motivation. They saw the most action during the German Revolution, along the Eastern Border, and in the Ruhr. Their campaigns during the Revolution secured the position of the new administration but split the Labor Parties which prevented a majority government from forming for much of the 1920s. The string of short-lived cabinets prevented the stabilization of the Weimar Government, provided strong extra-constitutional powers to the President, and created the opportunity for previously fringe radical parties to become legitimate coalition members. After the acceptance of the Treaty of Versailles and the implementation of its restrictions, these units became highly disillusioned and hostile towards the Weimar Government and drifted towards the political Right. Led by nationalistic generals and political officials who wanted to reject the Treaty, the Freikorps units that emerged from the Revolution attempted several times to violently overthrow the government, but none would succeed. Their failures and the continued pressure of the Entente to disband all paramilitaries pushed the remaining Freikorps fighters into police units, the border guard, secret military reserves, and labor groups. They would reappear whenever Germany’s borders became threatened, but gradually lost support in the stability of the Golden Age of Weimar in the mid-1920s. Unwilling to accept the government and wholly disperse, Freikorps members moved into politics itself via war veteran organizations and the growing Right-wing parties. Having fought to support and later destroy the Weimar Government, they knew the only way to bring about the change they wanted to see would be to enter the system itself. Raised to provide authority to the Republic, the Freikorps greatly weakened the political Left, allowed the Right time to recuperate, bolstering their ranks in the 1930s.
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Date Issued: 2019
Identifier: 2019_Spring_Ellis_fsu_0071N_15191
Format: Thesis

Title: Ernestine Rose and the Harlem Public Library: Theory Testing Using Historical Sources.
Creator: Skinner, Julia C., Gross, Melissa, Koslow, Jennifer Lisa, Burnett, Gary, Urban, Richard J., Florida State University, College of Communication and Information, School of Library...
Show moreSkinner, Julia C., Gross, Melissa, Koslow, Jennifer Lisa, Burnett, Gary, Urban, Richard J., Florida State University, College of Communication and Information, School of Library and Information Studies
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Abstract/Description: This dissertation focused on the 135th Street branch of the New York Public Library, located in the Harlem neighborhood. It focused on the library under the leadership of Ernestine Rose, who was the head librarian from 1920-1942. During this time, the library became a community center with diverse and vibrant programming, and an important influence on the Harlem Renaissance. This study focuses on a longer time period than has been examined previously, and also introduces theory testing to the...
Show moreThis dissertation focused on the 135th Street branch of the New York Public Library, located in the Harlem neighborhood. It focused on the library under the leadership of Ernestine Rose, who was the head librarian from 1920-1942. During this time, the library became a community center with diverse and vibrant programming, and an important influence on the Harlem Renaissance. This study focuses on a longer time period than has been examined previously, and also introduces theory testing to the document analysis, which is an underused method of historical analysis in Information Studies currently. This study uses the theory of Information Worlds, which contextualizes information behaviors within the social worlds individuals inhabit, and introduces the Change in Historic Institutions model, which provides a framework for describing change events.
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Date Issued: 2015
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-9684
Format: Thesis

Title: Escaping the Mechanism: Soldier Fraternization Throughout the American Civil War.
Creator: Thompson, Lauren Kristin, Jones, Maxine Deloris, Montgomery, Maxine L., Koslow, Jennifer Lisa, Frank, Andrew, Mooney, Katherine Carmines, Piehler, G. Kurt, Florida State...
Show moreThompson, Lauren Kristin, Jones, Maxine Deloris, Montgomery, Maxine L., Koslow, Jennifer Lisa, Frank, Andrew, Mooney, Katherine Carmines, Piehler, G. Kurt, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Department of History
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Abstract/Description: "Escaping the Mechanism: Soldier Fraternization throughout the American Civil War," contributes to the rich scholarship on Civil War soldiers because one cannot fully understand the nature of the war experience, without also knowing how soldiers controlled some conditions of their existence. Although it was strictly forbidden, Union and Confederate soldiers fraternized with each other often as an escape from the monotony and routine of encampment, drills, and marching. When citizen soldiers...
Show more"Escaping the Mechanism: Soldier Fraternization throughout the American Civil War," contributes to the rich scholarship on Civil War soldiers because one cannot fully understand the nature of the war experience, without also knowing how soldiers controlled some conditions of their existence. Although it was strictly forbidden, Union and Confederate soldiers fraternized with each other often as an escape from the monotony and routine of encampment, drills, and marching. When citizen soldiers experienced war, and its limits, they perpetuated this behavior by testing restrictions. As an outlet of resistance and an expression of choice, a "culture of fraternalism" formulated as soldiers attempted to grasp control after the psychological and physical damage of war shattered their metaphysical world. Because mental and physical challenges chipped away at soldier morale, men found ways to push back against the system. Soldiers needed an escape. Thus, enemies organized ceasefires, truces, and a trading network in order to remain in control of their world and escape the "mechanism" of military life. Fraternization deserves its own attention both in terms of its frequency in soldiers' manuscripts and implication as a coping mechanism, but also because its significance is dismissed or minimized by leading Civil War scholars. Several Civil War historians acknowledge that fraternization happened but either categorize soldiers who did as uncommitted or bypass the reason why it occurred so often. Based on my extensive reading of soldiers' letters and diaries from eleven archives in seven states, I argue that soldiers fraternized in order to fight the war on their own terms through subtle forms of dissent. In viewing fraternization as a method by which soldiers reaffirmed their own control and escaped the military mechanism, the implications of fraternization are worthy of further investigation and can no longer be sidestepped. Just because soldiers remained ideologically committed, does not suggest they were without physical and mental privation. Soldiers found alternative ways to assert their own autonomy in order to cope with the harsh realities of army life. To understand how soldiers shaped their circumstances through fraternization, the points where it happened most frequently and the challenges particular to that campaign will be analyzed in detail. Chapter 1 depicts how soldiers developed a culture of fraternalism. An accurate study of Civil War soldiers cannot begin in 1861. Men came to war with traditions, experiences, and values from a world before they were soldiers. In particular, soldiers embodied two important cultural notions of antebellum society. When men faced limits to their potential or independence they dealt with them through outlets of fraternity and resistance. Because soldiers' ability to fraternize was dependent upon their tactical position, on picket duty in proximity to one another or in trenches during a siege, the culture of fraternalism waxed and waned throughout the war. The points where extensive fraternization occurred merit its own attention. Chapter 2 focuses on the first, and arguably most documented, instance of widespread fraternization which took place during the Fredericksburg Campaign. Men who fought in armies throughout the Western Theatre of the Civil War also created and upheld a culture of fraternalism. Chapter 3 analyzes the major occasions of fraternization which occurred along the vast territory between the Mississippi River and the eastern foothills of the Appalachian Mountains particularly during the Siege at Vicksburg, Tennessee Campaign, and Atlanta Campaign. This chapter illustrates that although men in these armies came from different states and encountered different obstacles, their development of fraternization occurred simultaneously to their comrades in Virginia as a means to shape their environment. Chapter 4 shifts focus back to eastern Virginia in the summer of 1864. When the Overland Campaign resulted in a siege at Petersburg, Virginia, the armies of Northern Virginia and the Potomac experienced a new set of conditions. While gridlocked at Petersburg for eleven months, men on both sides dealt with side effects of siege warfare. The culture of fraternalism continued through the trade of commodities and newspapers but most importantly during this siege was a continual and intricate arrangement of ceasefires to placate the constant sense of anxiety and necessity to "be on guard." Chapter 5 follows soldiers into their lives as veterans in attempt to understand how they shaped the remembrance of their service. Just as men constructed ways to fight the war on their own terms, veterans used their "power of the pen" to document their experience. Rather than dismissing postwar soldier accounts of fraternization as a consequence of reunionist propaganda, perhaps soldiers wrote about their interaction with the enemy because they deemed it worthy of remembrance. In synthesizing the broader historiography on masculinity, identity, and military experience with fraternization, this study demonstrates not simply why soldiers fought but rather how they utilized tactics, terrain, and commodities to make their service more manageable. What these chapters contend is that regardless of campaign or theatre, ideologically committed soldiers were able to remain dedicated because of opportunities, like fraternization, to assert their own control over the war.
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Date Issued: 2015
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-9469
Format: Thesis

Title: Resisting the Civil-Rights Movement: Race, Community and the Power of the Southern White Press.
Creator: Edmonds, Willard T., Jumonville, Neil, Milligan, Jeffrey Ayala, Jones, Maxine Deloris, Koslow, Jennifer Lisa, Frank, Andrew, Florida State University, College of Arts and...
Show moreEdmonds, Willard T., Jumonville, Neil, Milligan, Jeffrey Ayala, Jones, Maxine Deloris, Koslow, Jennifer Lisa, Frank, Andrew, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Department of History
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Abstract/Description: When conservative politicians captured Washington in the 1980s and 1990s, they brought with them a style of rhetoric rooted in the South of the 1950s and 1960s. The three core elements of this Southern style are clear: * Strong beliefs -- firmly held, loudly proclaimed and adhered to at the risk of becoming dogmatic. * Learning not to see -- a practiced avoidance of complications or distracting issues, an ability to turn a blind eye, to deny the obvious. * Policing of the public square --...
Show moreWhen conservative politicians captured Washington in the 1980s and 1990s, they brought with them a style of rhetoric rooted in the South of the 1950s and 1960s. The three core elements of this Southern style are clear: * Strong beliefs -- firmly held, loudly proclaimed and adhered to at the risk of becoming dogmatic. * Learning not to see -- a practiced avoidance of complications or distracting issues, an ability to turn a blind eye, to deny the obvious. * Policing of the public square -- strict enforcement of the ruling beliefs, at times becoming a bullying of allies to keep them in line, paired with quick and sharp public attacks on dissenting opinions. The Southern style is now an ingrained element of the conservative movement, and it operates with, and relies upon, active cooperation of the conservative press. This, too, has roots in the South. During the decades of civil rights activism, Southern newspapers instilled Southern ideology and allegiance among white readers, turned a blind eye to injustice and other weaknesses of Jim Crow culture and cleared the public square of dissenting opinions and alternative points of view. This study examines how the Southern style operated in the 1950s and 1960s, focusing on the work of journalists in Richmond, Virginia, Tallahassee, Florida, and Jackson, Mississippi, and on their interactions with political leaders, activists and the public.
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Date Issued: 2014
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-9169
Format: Thesis

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