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Title: Critical Thinking in the Classroom: A Problem-Based Learning Pedagogical Approach.
Creator: Coleman, Sarah, Morris, Richard
Date Issued: 2016-04-12
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1460473170
Format: Citation

Title: Reliability of a Binary Perceptual Rating Scale of Global Speech Features in Dysarthria.
Creator: Carmedelle, Teresa, Lansford, Kaitlin, Morris, Richard, Johnson, Frank, School of Communication Science and Disorders
Abstract/Description: Purpose: This study investigates whether listeners, with varying levels of experience, are able to reliably rate the absence or presence of global perceptual features (articulatory precision, vocal quality, nasal resonance, and speech rhythm) in a heterogeneous cohort of speakers with dysarthria. Method: The participants were twenty Master's degree seeking students and five speech-language pathologists. Participants listened to 33 speakers identified as having dysarthria and determined if an...
Show morePurpose: This study investigates whether listeners, with varying levels of experience, are able to reliably rate the absence or presence of global perceptual features (articulatory precision, vocal quality, nasal resonance, and speech rhythm) in a heterogeneous cohort of speakers with dysarthria. Method: The participants were twenty Master's degree seeking students and five speech-language pathologists. Participants listened to 33 speakers identified as having dysarthria and determined if an abnormal speech feature was present or absent for each speaker with dysarthria in four global features of speech. Results: The results showed that inter-rater reliability varied from slight to moderate reliability and intra-rater reliability varied from moderate to substantial reliability. Similar patterns of reliability were revealed for the two groups of listeners. Conclusions: Further investigation is needed to determine if perceptual analysis is the most clinically relevant and reliable method for assessment of speakers with dysarthria.
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Date Issued: 2014
Identifier: FSU_migr_uhm-0297
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effect Of The Menstrual Cycle On Dichotic Listening.
Creator: Morris, Richard J., Ingvalson, Erin M., Kaschak, Michael P., Smith, Alissa N.
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the menstrual cycle on responses to a dichotic listening task. It was hypothesized that participants would exhibit a stronger right ear advantage during the menstrual cycle days when estrogen levels are at their peak. It was also hypothesized that the women not taking oral contraceptives would exhibit greater variations in ear advantage over the course of their menstrual cycle than those taking oral contraceptives. Finally, it was...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the menstrual cycle on responses to a dichotic listening task. It was hypothesized that participants would exhibit a stronger right ear advantage during the menstrual cycle days when estrogen levels are at their peak. It was also hypothesized that the women not taking oral contraceptives would exhibit greater variations in ear advantage over the course of their menstrual cycle than those taking oral contraceptives. Finally, it was hypothesized that the error response rates would remain similar across different listening conditions and over the menstrual cycle. The participants were 30 women who took oral contraceptives and 15 who did not. They completed nine listening sessions comprised of three dichotic listening tasks: forced-left, forced-right, and open. The data were analyzed using a mixed effects models. The participants exhibited a reduction in right ear responses on the days that corresponded to when the level of estrogen would begin to increase. This response was different from what had been hypothesized. The analysis also indicated no response differences between the two groups of women. In addition, the women exhibited fewer errors over the course of the sessions, implying that they adapted to the task. The results indicate that the women's hormone fluctuation across the menstrual cycle affected their responses to the forced-left, cognitive control, task only.
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Date Issued: 2019-02-22
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000459709100110, 10.1371/journal.pone.0212673
Format: Citation

Title: Long-Term Average Spectra from a Youth Choir Singing in Three Vocal Registers and Two Dynamic Levels.
Creator: Morris, Richard, Ternström, S. (Sten), LoVetri, Jeanette, Berkum, Dianne
Abstract/Description: Few studies have reported the acoustic characteristics of youth choirs. In addition, scant data are available on youth choruses making the adjustments needed to sing at different dynamic levels in different registers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to acoustically analyze the singing of a youth chorus to observe the evidence of the adjustments that they made to sing at two dynamic levels in three singing registers. The participants were 47 members of the Brooklyn Youth Chorus who...
Show moreFew studies have reported the acoustic characteristics of youth choirs. In addition, scant data are available on youth choruses making the adjustments needed to sing at different dynamic levels in different registers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to acoustically analyze the singing of a youth chorus to observe the evidence of the adjustments that they made to sing at two dynamic levels in three singing registers. The participants were 47 members of the Brooklyn Youth Chorus who sang the same song sample in head, mixed, and chest voice at piano and forte dynamic levels. The song samples were recorded and analyzed using long-term averaged spectra (LTAS) and related spectral measures. The spectra revealed different patterns among the registers. These differences imply that the singers were making glottal adjustments to sing the different register and dynamic level versions of the song. The duration of the closed phase as estimated from the amplitudes of the first two harmonics differed between the chest and head register singing at both dynamic levels. In addition the spectral slopes differed among all three registers at both dynamic levels. These acoustic measures may be a useful tool for evaluating some singing skills of young choristers.
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Date Issued: 2012
Identifier: FSU_migr_csd_faculty_publications-0010, 10.1016/j.jvoice.2010.07.003
Format: Citation

Title: The Effects of Government and University Policy on Critical Thinking.
Creator: Dobrowolski, Cathryn Elizabeth, Morris, Richard, LaPointe, Leonard, Muchira, John
Abstract/Description: Over the past several years there has been increased interest in the perceived and measured declines of critical thinking skills among college and university students. One possible factor in these changes is the consequences of policy decisions at the federal and state government levels that have resulted in institution wide policy decisions in colleges and universities. These policy decisions have affected department policies and faculty member behaviors. The connecting network of these...
Show moreOver the past several years there has been increased interest in the perceived and measured declines of critical thinking skills among college and university students. One possible factor in these changes is the consequences of policy decisions at the federal and state government levels that have resulted in institution wide policy decisions in colleges and universities. These policy decisions have affected department policies and faculty member behaviors. The connecting network of these policy decisions is explored using Institutional Theory. Funding decisions by the federal and state governments have reduced the proportion of money that colleges and universities receive from them. These government policies have resulted in administrative changes in colleges and universities. These university policies have affected hiring decisions and tenure criteria in their academic units. These unit level policies have resulted in an increased proportion of adjunct faculty. The unit level policies also have resulted in changes in time allocation among tenure track faculty members. Both of these faculty level changes have resulted in teaching faculty members who have less time to spend on class preparation, requiring long writing assignments, and essay exams. The reduction in course related activities that require extended and focused thinking by students could be a significant factor in reduced critical thinking skills.
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Date Issued: 2017-04-28
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1493385665
Format: Thesis

Title: Effectiveness of Two Methods for Teaching Critical Thinking to Communication Science and Disorders Undergraduates.
Creator: Morris, Richard J., Brockner, Alexandra, Coleman, Sarah
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two methods for teaching critical thinking (CT) skills to communication sciences and disorders students. It was hypothesized that a short course of critical thinking training would result in improved student scores on CT assessments. Also, it was hypothesized that students taught using a mixed instruction method would exhibit more improvement in their CT skills. The research involved a pre- and post-test comparison of students who...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two methods for teaching critical thinking (CT) skills to communication sciences and disorders students. It was hypothesized that a short course of critical thinking training would result in improved student scores on CT assessments. Also, it was hypothesized that students taught using a mixed instruction method would exhibit more improvement in their CT skills. The research involved a pre- and post-test comparison of students who completed 10 weeks of critical thinking instruction. The students had either a mix of direct instruction of CT concepts with problem-based learning communication sciences and disorders (CSD) examples or infused problem-based learning CT instruction. With CSD based problems. The pre- and post-tests consisted of a general and a content specific CT assessment. All of the students exhibited improved scores on both CT measures. In addition, the students who had the mixed instruction exhibited greater improvements. The greatest improvements for all students occurred for the trained CT skills. These results indicate that both mixed and infused instruction can be effective in teaching students CT skills, however, the mixed instruction was more effective.
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Date Issued: 2019
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1555594141_277d5b87
Format: Citation

Title: Experience Changes Neuronal Intrinsic Physiology.
Creator: Ross, Matthew T., Hyson, Richard Lee, Morris, Richard Jack, Johnson, Frank, Bertram, R. (Richard), Kaschak, Michael P., Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences,...
Show moreRoss, Matthew T., Hyson, Richard Lee, Morris, Richard Jack, Johnson, Frank, Bertram, R. (Richard), Kaschak, Michael P., Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Psychology
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Abstract/Description: The process of learning well-coordinated motor sequences is an essential aspect of human behavior. Learning to speak, play an instrument, or swing a baseball bat requires the brain to encode a very specific sequence of motor activity. It is understood at the descriptive level of analysis the environmental/experiential factors that contribute to learned motor sequences, but there is limited understanding of the neural modifications underlying such learning. This dissertation explores how...
Show moreThe process of learning well-coordinated motor sequences is an essential aspect of human behavior. Learning to speak, play an instrument, or swing a baseball bat requires the brain to encode a very specific sequence of motor activity. It is understood at the descriptive level of analysis the environmental/experiential factors that contribute to learned motor sequences, but there is limited understanding of the neural modifications underlying such learning. This dissertation explores how auditory experience shapes the intrinsic physiology of premotor neurons during the process of learning vocal patterns. Understanding these neural modifications could help in identifying ways to improve learning and identify processes that may account for learning disabilities. The hypothesis tested in this dissertation is that learning involves plasticity of the intrinsic properties of neurons. This is tested by using in vitro patch clamp electrophysiology to study the intrinsic physiology of the premotor area HVC, a brain area responsible for the vocal timing of song in zebra finches. The first set of experiments test whether the intrinsic physiology of HVC changes over song learning and development. The results show that there are systematic changes in projection neuron physiology as juvenile finches learn to sing. Biophysical models were made to predict the changes in ion channel expression that underlie the change in physiology. Some observations included alterations in the response of HVCX neurons to hyperpolarizing current pulses, including model-predicted changes in the Ih current and the T-type Ca2+ current. Additional changes included a shift in the resting potential of HVCRA neurons. The second set of experiments tests the prediction that auditory experience drives the observed changes in intrinsic physiology. The results show that tutor-deprivation has a direct effect on the intrinsic physiology of HVC projection neurons. The results also show that limited tutor exposure can reverse the change in physiology that resulted from tutor deprivation in a dose dependent fasion. These findings suggest that vocal-motor learning involves not only the alteration of synaptic weighting between neurons, but also changes in the intrinsic physiology of the component neurons in the circuit. Consequently, models of vocal learning should account for these intrinsic changes along with changes in synaptic connectivity. More broadly, models of learning and memory should consider intrinsic plasticity of neurons as a possible contributor to how the nervous system encodes new information or novel behaviors.
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Date Issued: 2017
Identifier: FSU_FALL2017_Ross_fsu_0071E_14195
Format: Thesis

Title: The Neural Basis for Learned Behavior.
Creator: Elliott, Kevin, Johnson, Frank, Morris, Richard Jack, Hyson, Richard Lee, Ericsson, K. Anders (Karl Anders), Wu, Wei, Bertram, R. (Richard), Florida State University, College of...
Show moreElliott, Kevin, Johnson, Frank, Morris, Richard Jack, Hyson, Richard Lee, Ericsson, K. Anders (Karl Anders), Wu, Wei, Bertram, R. (Richard), Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Psychology
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Abstract/Description: My dissertation focuses on how the brain encodes a learned motor sequence. I look at the encoding of birdsong in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) to understand the mechanisms that underlie motor encoding. Juvenile zebra finches learn their songs by imitating the song of an adult tutor. The motor memory for song is encoded within HVC (acronym is name), a premotor nucleus within the avian cortical pathway that generates vocal-motor output. When I began my research, the synaptic...
Show moreMy dissertation focuses on how the brain encodes a learned motor sequence. I look at the encoding of birdsong in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) to understand the mechanisms that underlie motor encoding. Juvenile zebra finches learn their songs by imitating the song of an adult tutor. The motor memory for song is encoded within HVC (acronym is name), a premotor nucleus within the avian cortical pathway that generates vocal-motor output. When I began my research, the synaptic architecture of HVC was thought to be uniform and non-topographic. In turn, the encoding of song was thought to be evenly distributed across this non-topographic synaptic architecture. However, the evidence for these views was incomplete, particularly with respect to the intrinsic connectivity of HVC, which had never been tested. I began my research with a tract-tracing experiment to test for a non-topographic pattern of intrinsic connectivity among HVC neurons. I found a highly topographic pattern of intrinsic connectivity – HVC neurons connect preferentially along the rostral-caudal axis, forming numerous parallel "swaths" of neurons aligned to the rostral-caudal axis of HVC. This organization suggested a potential parallel organization within the rest of the cortical pathway, which I subsequently confirmed: connectivity within the entire cortical pathway is massively parallel in terms of afferent (input) connectivity, intrinsic connectivity, and efferent (output) connectivity. If this parallel connectivity encodes the different spectral and/or temporal aspects of song in parallel, I hypothesized that parallel connectivity may emerge as a function of song learning. To test this hypothesis, I developed a surgical manipulation to attenuate juvenile learning (disconnection of the avian basal ganglia). I found that attenuated song learning results in a loss of parallel input connectivity within the rostral-caudal axis of HVC. Overall, my results provide an anatomical basis for the parallel encoding of song, and further suggest that this parallel organization develops as a function of song learning.
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: FSU_2016SP_Elliott_fsu_0071E_13175
Format: Thesis

Title: Assessing and Teaching Critical Thinking in Communication Science and Disorders.
Creator: Morris, Richard J., Gorham-Rowan, Mary M., Robinson, Jade H., Scholz, Kendra
Abstract/Description: Critical thinking is considered to be an important aspect in the training of communication science and disorders students. This paper provides information on the definition, assessment, and teaching of critical thinking. Important critical thinking skills and dispositions include challenging assumptions underlying statements, recognizing the effect of context on perceptions, understandings, and interpretations of the world, developing alternative explanations for observed data they observe,...
Show moreCritical thinking is considered to be an important aspect in the training of communication science and disorders students. This paper provides information on the definition, assessment, and teaching of critical thinking. Important critical thinking skills and dispositions include challenging assumptions underlying statements, recognizing the effect of context on perceptions, understandings, and interpretations of the world, developing alternative explanations for observed data they observe, and exhibiting reflective skepticism. Increasing these skills and dispositions help a student develop into a skilled clinician. Assessing students’ clinical thinking skills can be done with tests of general skills, but these often lack validity and reliability. Assessments also can test content or discipline specific thinking skills. Teaching critical skills and dispositions has been done in stand-alone courses and as material embedded within other courses. Within the courses, techniques such as problem-based learning, team-based learning, and case presentations have been effective with mind and concept mapping as tools to visualize how the students think about the material.
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Date Issued: 2018-02-01
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1519066197_c809bc90
Format: Citation

Title: An Analysis of Gender, Authority and Educational Background of Voice Teachers in Undergraduate Degree-Granting Institutions.
Creator: Puller, Shawn I., Weelden, Kim Van, Morris, Richard, Madsen, Clifford, Geringer, John, College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Music education is a predominantly female occupation; however while women dominate the ranks of elementary and choral education they lose representation as grade level increases. In addition sex-role segregation within the field is also evidenced by the domination of males in the areas of instrumental and jazz music education. As with other areas of post-secondary education, females have made gains and now occupy 43% of music faculty positions, however it may be that the males and females...
Show moreMusic education is a predominantly female occupation; however while women dominate the ranks of elementary and choral education they lose representation as grade level increases. In addition sex-role segregation within the field is also evidenced by the domination of males in the areas of instrumental and jazz music education. As with other areas of post-secondary education, females have made gains and now occupy 43% of music faculty positions, however it may be that the males and females have gender specific sex-roles. Due to the specific, gendered nature of voice parts, it may be that applied voice teacher training programs would have an equal distribution of females (sopranos, mezzo-sopranos, contraltos) and males (counter-tenors, tenors, baritone, basses). The distribution of the sexes within the career field may affect hiring practices, promotions, and access to administrative positions thereby mitigating sex inequalities and sex-role biases which exist in other areas of post-secondary education. This study was an initial step investigating biological sex and authority as they relate to applied voice teachers in four-year institutions in the United States. Voice-teaching was found to be a predominantly female occupation with men and women holding a near equal number of full-time professor status positions. Upon closer examination, sex-role stratification within the field may be evidenced. For example, the proportion of males increased as faculty rank increased while the proportion of females decreased as faculty rank increased. There also seemed to be sex-role stratification with regard to specific teaching responsibilities held by males and females. The reasons for these differences are explored.
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Date Issued: 2009
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-0468
Format: Thesis

Title: A History of the Oregon Bach Festival.
Creator: Aspaas, Christopher Paul, Thomas, André J., Morris, Richard, Bowers, Judy, Fenton, Kevin, VanWeelden, Kimberly, College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The Oregon Bach Festival completed its thirty-fifth season of performances in Eugene, Oregon on Sunday, July 11, 2004. Beginning as a summer school program organized by Royce Saltzman in 1970 at the University of Oregon, the Festival's first season concluded in one concert of German choral music conducted by Helmuth Rilling in addition to a solo organ recital performed by the conductor. Since its inception, the Oregon Bach Festival has involved more than 500,000 concertgoers, 1,000 conducting...
Show moreThe Oregon Bach Festival completed its thirty-fifth season of performances in Eugene, Oregon on Sunday, July 11, 2004. Beginning as a summer school program organized by Royce Saltzman in 1970 at the University of Oregon, the Festival's first season concluded in one concert of German choral music conducted by Helmuth Rilling in addition to a solo organ recital performed by the conductor. Since its inception, the Oregon Bach Festival has involved more than 500,000 concertgoers, 1,000 conducting master class students, 500 Youth Choral Academy singers and hundreds of choral and orchestral musicians. In spite of its name, the Oregon Bach Festival has strongly supported the commissioning and premiere of new works. The Festival has premiered eight commissioned works and provided the venue for the World, United States and West Coast premieres of many others. The Festival has also embraced international collaborations, bringing guest artists, ensembles and choirs from around the world to perform in Eugene. Great concern about the future of the Oregon Bach Festival exists since the co-founders, Saltzman and Rilling recently celebrated their 75th and 71st birthdays respectively. Saltzman's initial attempt at retirement from the Festival failed in 1997 after two seasons under new leadership, which has reinforced the belief that Saltzman and Rilling may be the only individuals who can successfully operate the Oregon Bach Festival. This dissertation includes examinations of the founding and initial development of the Oregon Bach Festival, the many component parts of the Festival, the people who support and operate the Festival, the programming and literature performed and the commissions and special projects sponsored by the Festival. Additionally, this project concludes with an examination of the philosophy of the Festival as well as concerns for the future.
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Date Issued: 2004
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-0035
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effects of Lexical Cognitive Loading on Parameters of Gait in Neurotypical Young Adults.
Creator: Alberico, Kristen, LaPointe, Leonard L., Morris, Richard, Kaschak, Michael, Stierwalt, Julie A.G., School of Communication Science and Disorders
Abstract/Description: This study was conducted to discover the effects of specific language tasks on injurious falls. Injurious falls often have tragic consequences, such as traumatic brain injury, hip fractures, and/or high monetary costs. Previously, FSU has conducted research regarding the effects of language tasks on gait in elderly and Parkinson Disease populations. Currently, there is a lack of information regarding changes in gait in healthy young adults. This experiment set out to find the effects of...
Show moreThis study was conducted to discover the effects of specific language tasks on injurious falls. Injurious falls often have tragic consequences, such as traumatic brain injury, hip fractures, and/or high monetary costs. Previously, FSU has conducted research regarding the effects of language tasks on gait in elderly and Parkinson Disease populations. Currently, there is a lack of information regarding changes in gait in healthy young adults. This experiment set out to find the effects of lexical cognitive load tasks on gait in healthy young adults. Participants included 31 neurotypical young adults. Four gait variables were analyzed based on 3 trials for each participant. The GAITRite Walkway System detected each footfall as the subject walked across it. Functional Ambulatory Profile (FAP) was generated for each condition. FAP uses gait parameters to generate a composite score related to likelihood of fall risk. The following conditions were utilized: walking without talking (baseline), walking while saying the months forward (low load), and walking while saying the months backward (high load). Cognitive-linguistic load was manipulated while phonological, lexical, and semantic characteristics remained the same throughout each condition. As a result, both low load and high load simultaneous walking and talking tasks negatively impacted gait among all variables. The high load task had a greater affect on gait, however the low load task also negatively affected gait. The experiment offered awareness of healthy young adults as baseline to compare to susceptible elderly and muscle movement disorder populations.
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Date Issued: 2013
Identifier: FSU_migr_uhm-0229
Format: Thesis

Title: Breathing for Singers: A Comparative Analysis of Body Types and Breathing Tendencies.
Creator: Cowgill, Jennifer Griffith, Gerber, Larry, Morris, Richard, Ciannella, Yvonne, Delp, Roy, College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Breathing for singers: a comparative analysis of body type and breathing tendencies is a scientific study that's purpose is to determine whether a correlation exists between inexperienced young singers' body types and their breathing tendencies. A group of twelve students were used for the study and underwent three groups of measurements. First their body types were determined by the method of somatotyping. This method placed them in one of three body type categories, endomorph (relative...
Show moreBreathing for singers: a comparative analysis of body type and breathing tendencies is a scientific study that's purpose is to determine whether a correlation exists between inexperienced young singers' body types and their breathing tendencies. A group of twelve students were used for the study and underwent three groups of measurements. First their body types were determined by the method of somatotyping. This method placed them in one of three body type categories, endomorph (relative fatness), mesomorph (relative musco-skeletal) and ectomorph (relative linearity). There were four subjects placed in each group. Second, the subjects' lung function was measured by use of a spirometer to rule out any lung function problems. Finally, the participants' torsos were videotaped from a side view. The data was then uploaded onto a computer where the breath measurements of each subject were measured frame by frame in three places; chest, umbilicus and rib cage. After all of the measurements were taken they were compared to one of three common breathing techniques the appoggio, the costal and the pancostal. Once the data was complete a comparison was made to see whether the singers' body types correlated with one of the three stated breathing techniques.
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Date Issued: 2004
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-3355
Format: Thesis

Title: A Choral Conductor's Reference Guide to Acoustic Choral Music Measurement: 1885 to 2007.
Creator: Fauls, Brenda Kaye Scoggins, Thomas, André, Morris, Richard, Bowers, Judy, Fenton, Kevin, College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The study of choral sound is accomplished through acoustic choral music measurement. Physical acoustics are the aspects of sound that can be quantifiably measured and psycho-acoustics is how we perceive what we hear. This study of choral sound will focus on the measurable physical acoustic facets of amplitude, frequency and the quality of sound. These facets of acoustic choral sound have psycho-acoustical correlates of loudness, pitch and timbre. The success of individual singers within a...
Show moreThe study of choral sound is accomplished through acoustic choral music measurement. Physical acoustics are the aspects of sound that can be quantifiably measured and psycho-acoustics is how we perceive what we hear. This study of choral sound will focus on the measurable physical acoustic facets of amplitude, frequency and the quality of sound. These facets of acoustic choral sound have psycho-acoustical correlates of loudness, pitch and timbre. The success of individual singers within a choral setting is largely dependant upon the conductor's capacity to identify unconscious vocal habits and provide guidance for their ameliorated vocal function. A clear understanding of the acoustics of choral sound and the appropriate application of this knowledge can enable choral conductors to better facilitate the creation of a superior choral sound. To assist the conductor, appropriate solo and speech research literature has been included to provide an historical foundation and additional clarification of apropos subject matter. An extensive glossary has been provided in this document that codifies terminology from music acoustics, voice science, choral studies, voice studies, equipment guides and usage, mathematics, and statistics. The goal of this glossary is to facilitate the intermingling of many divergent disciplines present in this document and to provide a resource for reference when reading documents not included in this writing. The acoustics of choral sound are introduced to provide a unified document in a concise format that can serve as a springboard for informed practice, rehearsal and study.
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Date Issued: 2008
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-4492
Format: Thesis

Title: Effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation on Acoustic and Perceptual Measures of Vocal Function Across Body Types.
Creator: Harmon, Archie B. (Archie Bernard), Morris, Richard, Freeman, Marc, Stierwalt, Julie, Woods, Juliann, School of Communication Science and Disorders, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: There is great interest in determining the effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation (TES) on voice. A possible factor that influences electrical stimulation transfer to the extrinsic and intrinsic laryngeal muscles is subcutaneous fat, which relates to neck fat. Recent reports have shown a correlation between the thickness of the subcutaneous fat layer and the loss of electrical signal within the skin. The objectives of this study were to 1) determine if participants grouped by...
Show moreThere is great interest in determining the effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation (TES) on voice. A possible factor that influences electrical stimulation transfer to the extrinsic and intrinsic laryngeal muscles is subcutaneous fat, which relates to neck fat. Recent reports have shown a correlation between the thickness of the subcutaneous fat layer and the loss of electrical signal within the skin. The objectives of this study were to 1) determine if participants grouped by somatotype displayed different acoustic voice outcomes following a one-hour TES session, and to 2) examine whether subjective reports of vocal–warm-up, vocal fatigue, and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) differed among the somatotype groups. Thirty-three subjects grouped by somatotype completed an hour of TES to the anterior neck. Pre and post voice recordings of sustained vowel and oral reading were used to calculate speaking fundamental frequency (SFF), speaking fundamental frequency standard deviation (SFFSD), and sound pressure level (SPL) and harmonic amplitude differences. In addition, participants provided comments regarding the neck sensation five minutes and 48 hours after TES. These responses related to three categories: vocal warm up, vocal fatigue, and DOMS. Repeated measure ANOVAs were used to test the differences from pre-stimulation to post-stimulation for each of the dependent variables. Post-hoc comparisons were completed using the Bonferroni test. No statically significant differences occurred for the F0 and SPL among the somatotype groups. However, somatotype group differences occurred between the amplitudes of the first and second harmonics (H1*, H2*), whereas the amplitude differences between the first harmonic and the first and third formant frequencies (H1*-A1, H1*-A3*) were not statically significant. With regard to perceptual measures, Over half (51.5 %) of all participants reported sensations of vocal warming up five minutes after the end of stimulation. Two out of four endomorphs, fifteen out of 25 mesomorphs, and no ectomprophs reported symptoms of vocal warm-up. Almost half of the participants 48.5% reported sensations of vocal fatigue immediately after stimulation ended. Fourteen out of the thirty-three participants (42.4%) reported symptoms of DOMS 24- 48 hours following the stimulation. All four of the endomorphic population reported symptoms of DOMS, 25% of the mesomorphic participants reported symptoms of DOMS, and no ectomorphic participants reported symptoms of DOMS. Results suggest no systematic effects of TES to the anterior neck on the selected acoustic measures. However, these results indicate that clinicians should use caution when applying TES to patient populations with high endomorphic characteristics.
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Date Issued: 2010
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-4262
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effects of Simultaneous Lexical-Semantic Linguistic Load on Parameters of Gait in Healthy Young and Elderly Individuals.
Creator: Mutchnick, Nathan, LaPointe, Leonard L., Stierwalt, Julie A. G., Morris, Richard, Adams, Jonathan, School of Communication Science and Disorders, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of simultaneous lexical-semantic retrieval on parameters of gait in younger and older healthy adults. This simultaneous cognitive-linguistic loading has implications for alterations in ambulation and gait and has been related to risk for injurious falls in both normal and clinical populations with movement disorders. Two groups were compared; twenty healthy young (aged 20-40) and 20 healthy older (aged 50+) individuals, balanced for gender...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of simultaneous lexical-semantic retrieval on parameters of gait in younger and older healthy adults. This simultaneous cognitive-linguistic loading has implications for alterations in ambulation and gait and has been related to risk for injurious falls in both normal and clinical populations with movement disorders. Two groups were compared; twenty healthy young (aged 20-40) and 20 healthy older (aged 50+) individuals, balanced for gender, with no reported history of communication, language, cognitive, physical and neurological movement disorders, participated in this study. Participants walked across a 16 foot mat while verbally retrieving members or exemplars of a given semantic category. This task of lexical semantic retrieval also has been called generative naming or verbal fluency. The GAITRite Walkway System was used to record gait measurements and generate a Functional Ambulation Profile (FAP) score. The FAP score ranges from 0 to 100; the lower the score, the higher the risks for a serious fall with performance between 95 and 100 considered within normal limits. Participants performed three trials of walks; first, a baseline of walking with no speaking; second, walking while naming types of precious stones aloud; and third, naming types of diseases aloud. FAP scores, accuracy of responses and total number of responses were recorded and were compared across the two age groups. Results showed that the younger group had higher average FAP scores across all walking and talking conditions compared to the older group. Indicating that the older group had increased difficulty performing the speaking task while maintaining a safe gait. The differences were not significant when comparing age groups, however the significant differences in FAP scores within groups was exceptional. Thus, backing up previous research indicating that a medium or difficult lexical-semantic load can adversely impact gait and increase the risk for experiencing a fall.
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Date Issued: 2014
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-9055
Format: Thesis

Title: An Examination of Maximum Isometric Lingual Pressure and Total Oral Phase Duration in the Healthy Adult Swallow.
Creator: Headley, Derek, Stierwalt, Julie A. G., Heald, Gary, LaPointe, Leonard L., Morris, Richard, School of Communication Science and Disorders, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Purpose: To examine maximum isometric lingual pressure (MIP) and total oral phase duration (oral preparation time + oral transport time) (TOP) in healthy adults, and to explore the relations among these variables. Method: One hundred healthy adults (50 males and 50 females), with no significant medical history affecting oral musculature or swallowing, volunteered to participate in this study. Lingual-palatal pressures were recorded via the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI) by placing a...
Show morePurpose: To examine maximum isometric lingual pressure (MIP) and total oral phase duration (oral preparation time + oral transport time) (TOP) in healthy adults, and to explore the relations among these variables. Method: One hundred healthy adults (50 males and 50 females), with no significant medical history affecting oral musculature or swallowing, volunteered to participate in this study. Lingual-palatal pressures were recorded via the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI) by placing a tongue bulb at both anterior and posterior locations to obtain maximum isometric lingual pressures generated by the anterior portion of the tongue (MIPa) and maximum isometric lingual pressures generated by the posterior portion of the tongue (MIPp). Surface electromyography (sEMG) using the Biopac MP150WSW System was utilized to record the onset and offset of swallowing muscle activity indicating TOP durations across six consistencies of food and liquid. Results: Significant negative correlations (p < 0.05) were observed between MIPa and all consistencies tested except for puree, and significant negative correlations were evident between MIPp and chewable solids (i.e., banana and graham cracker). MIPa was found to significantly predict TOP duration for thin liquid, mechanical soft and regular solids, and MIPp was found to significantly predict TOP duration for mechanical soft and regular solids. MIPa and MIPp values were significantly greater in males than in females. Age was discovered to significantly predict MIPa but not MIPp. There were no statistically significant differences in TOP durations between sexes. Age was revealed to have the strongest predictive value with TOP durations for liquids as opposed to TOP durations for food consistencies. Conclusion: This was the first study to demonstrate that strong relations exist between MIP and TOP duration in the healthy adult population. Sarcopenia is most likely responsible for the decrease in MIPa and longer TOP durations observed in older adults. Findings from this investigation lend support for implementing regular MIPa exercise in healthy adults to possibly combat lingual weakness and minimize or alleviate symptoms of oral phase dysphagia later in life.
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Date Issued: 2013
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-7415
Format: Thesis

Title: Speechreading's Benefit to the Recognition of Sentences as a Function of Signal-to-Noise Ratio.
Creator: Southard, Stuart D., Morris, Richard J., Kamata, Akihito, Walker, Virginia, Goldstein, Howard, Terrio, Lee, School of Communication, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Despite attempts to improve speech recognition in noise via hearing aid algorithms, communication where there is background noise continues to present serious challenges to hearing aid users. The viability of using speech reading to augment amplification to improve communication in noise has not been fully investigated. One reason for this oversight is the assumption that the decline in speech recognition performance with decreases in S/N ratio is similar for communicative situations in which...
Show moreDespite attempts to improve speech recognition in noise via hearing aid algorithms, communication where there is background noise continues to present serious challenges to hearing aid users. The viability of using speech reading to augment amplification to improve communication in noise has not been fully investigated. One reason for this oversight is the assumption that the decline in speech recognition performance with decreases in S/N ratio is similar for communicative situations in which speech reading is available and for those in which it is not. In this study, comparison of speech recognition performance for auditory only (A) and audio-visual (AV) presentation of sentences was made at four signal-to-noise-ratios ranging from 0 to –6 dB. Twenty-six participants with normal hearing and vision, 20 to 30 years, responded to eight experimental conditions (A and AV presentation of speech at each of four signal-to-noise ratios). Speech recognition performance was evaluated using a 2 X 4 repeated measures ANOVA. The main effects of presentation mode and S/N ratio were statistically significant. More importantly, there was a significant interaction between these factors for speech recognition performance. The interaction revealed a growing benefit of speech reading, defined as the difference between audio-visual and auditory only performance (AV-A), with decreasing signal-to-noise ratios. This finding of increasing benefit with deteriorating listening conditions refutes the assumption that performance decline with increasing background noise is independent of presentation mode. This finding suggests that the need for individuals with hearing impairment to avail themselves of visual speech cues increases with a deteriorating listening environment. In view of these findings, hearing aid evaluations involving both A and AV presentation of speech at different signal-to-noise ratios are recommended. Such procedures allow for both objective and subjective assessment of speech recognition performance under combinations of presentation mode and S/N ratios.
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Date Issued: 2003
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-1618
Format: Thesis

Title: Effects of Vocal Training, Phonatory Task, and Gender on Voice Onset Time.
Creator: McCrea, Christopher R., Morris, Richard J., Gerber, Larry, Steirwalt, Julie, Goldstein, Howard, School of Communication, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: This study examined the temporal-acoustic differences between trained singers and nonsingers, males and females, and during speech and singing tasks. Sixty participants were separated into four groups of fifteen according to level of vocal training and gender. Two speech and singing tasks were recorded. Each task included a short phrase containing an English bilabial voiced or voiceless stop consonant in the word-initial position. Voice onset time (VOT) was measured for the stop consonant...
Show moreThis study examined the temporal-acoustic differences between trained singers and nonsingers, males and females, and during speech and singing tasks. Sixty participants were separated into four groups of fifteen according to level of vocal training and gender. Two speech and singing tasks were recorded. Each task included a short phrase containing an English bilabial voiced or voiceless stop consonant in the word-initial position. Voice onset time (VOT) was measured for the stop consonant productions. Mixed-ANOVAs were completed for each phoneme to examine the effects of vocal training, phonatory task, and gender on VOT. Significantly longer mean VOTs occurred during speaking for both /p/ and /b/. No overall significant mean VOT differences between the trained singers and nonsingers or the females and males were noted for /p/ or /b/. Furthermore, a significant phonatory task by gender interaction was characterized by similar /p/ VOT for males and females during singing, but significantly longer /p/ VOT for females than males during speaking. A significant phonatory task by vocal training interaction was characterized by shorter /p/ VOT for the trained singers during singing, as compared to the nonsingers, and longer /p/ VOT for trained singers during speaking, as compared to the nonsingers. No significant interactions were observed for the /b/ VOT productions. These results indicated that VOT may be an effective measure for examining vocal tract adjustment differences between speech and singing. In conclusion, the results provided a direction for future researchers interested in further exploring relations between temporal-acoustic measures and physiologic vocal tract adjustments during speech and singing.
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Date Issued: 2004
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-2594
Format: Thesis

Title: Influences of Dynamic Level and Pitch Height on the Vibrato Rates and Widths of Violin and Viola Players.
Creator: MacLeod, Rebecca Bowman, Geringer, John M., Morris, Richard, Allen, Michael L., Madsen, Clifford K., College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate possible influences of pitch height and dynamic level on vibrato rates and widths of university and high school violin and viola players. Forty-eight musicians (12 each of university violin, high school violin, university viola, and high school viola students) were recorded individually performing: a scale passage in low and high pitch registers, a musical excerpt in low and high pitch registers, a scale passage performed with piano and forte...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to investigate possible influences of pitch height and dynamic level on vibrato rates and widths of university and high school violin and viola players. Forty-eight musicians (12 each of university violin, high school violin, university viola, and high school viola students) were recorded individually performing: a scale passage in low and high pitch registers, a musical excerpt in low and high pitch registers, a scale passage performed with piano and forte dynamic levels, and a musical excerpt performed with piano and forte dynamic levels. Analysis showed that pitch height significantly affected the vibrato rates and widths of the performers. Musicians vibrated .32 Hz faster and approximately 26 cents wider during high tones than during low tones. Dynamic level also significantly affected vibrato width. Performers increased vibrato width approximately 4 cents in the forte passages compared to the piano passages. In the scale passages, an increase in dynamic level corresponded to an increase in vibrato rate, but this increase in rate was not present during the musical excerpts. Violinists demonstrated a tendency to vibrate slightly faster and wider than violists. A significant interaction occurred between instrument type and pitch height for vibrato width. In the high pitch register, violinists vibrated 13 cents wider than did violists. No significant differences were found between the vibrato rates of high school and university performers, however a significant difference was found between the high school and university performers' vibrato widths during the piano and forte passages. University performers varied their vibrato width to a greater extent between the piano and forte passages (5 cents) than did the high school performers (2 cents). In the low register musical excerpts, musicians vibrated significantly faster (.26 Hz) than in the low register scale passages. University musicians produced a significantly wider vibrato in the musical excerpts compared to the scale passages (6 cents), while high school musicians' widths did not differ between the two.
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Date Issued: 2006
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-2808
Format: Thesis

Title: The Music Philosophies, Choral Concepts, and Rehearsal Practices of Two African American Choral Conductors.
Creator: Knight, Gerald Roderick, Fenton, Kevin, Morris, Richard, Bowers, Judy, Madsen, Clifford, Darrow, Alice-Ann, College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The skills and knowledge required to consistently produce choral ensembles that perform at the highest artistic levels indicate the conductor's acquisition and application of a set of standards or values. These values encompass an essential body of thought and ability that is common to outstanding choral conductors. Historically, African American choral conductors have been recognized for having these values but only as it pertained to their expert ability to produce spirituals and other...
Show moreThe skills and knowledge required to consistently produce choral ensembles that perform at the highest artistic levels indicate the conductor's acquisition and application of a set of standards or values. These values encompass an essential body of thought and ability that is common to outstanding choral conductors. Historically, African American choral conductors have been recognized for having these values but only as it pertained to their expert ability to produce spirituals and other music by black composers. However, relatively recently, several African American choral conductors have come into the mainstream of choral music and music education who are receiving acclaim for their ability to conduct music of various genres, particularly music of the western classical tradition and multicultural (world music) repertoires. Judith Willoughby and André Thomas expressed a set of values that are derived from their backgrounds including musical experiences, academic training, professional experiences, life experiences, and philosophical beliefs about humanity and music. They demonstrated 1) vast knowledge of the important choral works of the major compositional periods and their intrinsic stylistic characteristics 2) substantial knowledge of choral literature not routinely performed from the major periods 3) immense knowledge of multicultural music and keen awareness of and sensibility to the authentic performance practice of such music 4) an unwavering commitment to the study and performance of multicultural music contributing to the expansion of the core body of routinely performed choral literature 5) viable criteria for the selection of music based on the skill and values they want to promote in singers 6) the ability to thoroughly prepare scores using various analytical strategies 8) the ability to anticipate potential problems and solve problems in rehearsals and devise pedagogical strategies to correct such problems and 9) preference for choral tone ideal that is dependent upon vowel uniformity, steadiness of pitch, even vibrato, ease of vocal production, energy and appropriateness of sound for each composition. The purpose of this study is to document the demonstrated values of Willoughby and Thomas in order to: 1) determine how the values influence and enliven their artistry 2) provide minorities and women with exemplary models that they can emulate 3) inform the profession of the contributions that minorities and women continue to make to the choral art and 4) provide an historical record of the accomplishments of choral musicians and educators who have and continue to set standards for the profession.
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Date Issued: 2006
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-2880
Format: Thesis

Title: Neural Recovery Following Partial Ablation Reveals Modular Organization of a Brain Region That Encodes Learned Vocal Patterns.
Creator: Holloway, Tiffanie R. (Tiffanie Renee), Johnson, Frank, Morris, Richard, Hyson, Rick, Levenson, Cathy, Kelley, Colleen, Department of Psychology, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: In this Dissertation, I describe the affects of altering the integration of two motor pathways (the vocal motor pathway and anterior forebrain pathway) on neural and vocal recovery in the adult male zebra finch. I first detail how damage to a premotor nucleus (HVC) changes the pattern of immediate early gene expression in several regions throughout the song control system. Interestingly I find that the expression pattern observed within HVC reveals a kind of modular organization. Furthermore,...
Show moreIn this Dissertation, I describe the affects of altering the integration of two motor pathways (the vocal motor pathway and anterior forebrain pathway) on neural and vocal recovery in the adult male zebra finch. I first detail how damage to a premotor nucleus (HVC) changes the pattern of immediate early gene expression in several regions throughout the song control system. Interestingly I find that the expression pattern observed within HVC reveals a kind of modular organization. Furthermore, I find that although the contribution of the two pathways was transiently influenced by damage to HVC, long term changes were found to occur at the site of integration. Second, I examine how sensory feedback facilitates recovery of immediate early gene expression in song regions, as well as its affects on vocal recovery. Finally, I explore the anatomical organization of nucleus HVC by using a retrograde neuronal tracer. I find that neurons display modular connectivity and are arranged along the rostral/caudal axis of the nucleus. Given that neurons within HVC play a significant role in encoding the learned song pattern, these data provide one of the first pieces of evidence to suggest that HVC is spatially organized.
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Date Issued: 2010
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-3968
Format: Thesis

Title: Availability and accessibility in an open access institutional repository: A case study.
Creator: Lee, Jongwook, Burnett, Gary, Baeg, Jung Hoon, Vandegrift, Micah, Morris, Richard Jack
Abstract/Description: Introduction. This study explores the extent to which an institutional repository (IR) makes papers available and accessible on the open web by using 170 journal articles housed in DigiNole Commons, the IR at Florida State University. Method. To analyze the IR's impact on availability and accessibility, we conducted independent known-item title searches on both Google and Google Scholar (GS) to search for faculty publications housed in DigiNole Commons. Analysis. The extent to which the IR...
Show moreIntroduction. This study explores the extent to which an institutional repository (IR) makes papers available and accessible on the open web by using 170 journal articles housed in DigiNole Commons, the IR at Florida State University. Method. To analyze the IR's impact on availability and accessibility, we conducted independent known-item title searches on both Google and Google Scholar (GS) to search for faculty publications housed in DigiNole Commons. Analysis. The extent to which the IR makes articles available and accessible was measured quantitatively, and the findings that cannot be summarized with numbers were analyzed qualitatively. Results. Google and GS searches provided links to DigiNole metadata for a total of 145 (85.3%) of 170 items, and to full texts for 96 (96%) of 100 items. With one exception, access to either metadata or full text required no more than three clicks. Conclusions. Overall, the results confirm the contribution of the IR in making papers available and accessible. The results also reveal some impediments to the success of OA: including impediments linked to contractual arrangements between authors and publishers, impediments linked to policies, practices, and technologies governing the IR itself, and the low level of faculty participation in the IR.
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Date Issued: 2015
Identifier: FSU_migr_slis_faculty_publications-0027
Format: Citation

Title: Increasing the Objectivity of the Clinical Dysphagia Evaluation: Cervical Auscultation and Tongue Function during Swallowing.
Creator: Youmans, Scott R., Morris, Richard J., Peterson, Gary W., Stierwalt, Julie A. G., LaPointe, Leonard L., School of Communication Science and Disorders, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Because of the potentially harmful repercussions of undiagnosed dysphagia, a quick and accurate assessment is necessary to initiate proper treatment as soon as possible. In many situations and settings, the clinical dysphagia evaluation is the only assessment tool available to the speech-language pathologist for the evaluation of swallowing. Although the clinical evaluation does provide useful information, it is reportedly insensitive for diagnosing some forms of dysphagia. Cervical...
Show moreBecause of the potentially harmful repercussions of undiagnosed dysphagia, a quick and accurate assessment is necessary to initiate proper treatment as soon as possible. In many situations and settings, the clinical dysphagia evaluation is the only assessment tool available to the speech-language pathologist for the evaluation of swallowing. Although the clinical evaluation does provide useful information, it is reportedly insensitive for diagnosing some forms of dysphagia. Cervical auscultation and measures of tongue function during swallowing are proposed in this investigation to augment the clinical dysphagia evaluation to improve its accuracy for diagnosing dysphagia. Prior to diagnosing disordered swallowing, however, it is necessary to characterize normal swallowing. One-hundred-and-one healthy participants, ages 20-79, with no history of swallowing impairment participated in this investigation. Participants consumed teaspoon boluses of puree, honey, thin, and soft consistencies while the sounds of swallowing were recorded. Participants also consumed 30 ml boluses of honey and thin consistencies while their peak tongue strengths were measured. Descriptive statistics were calculated and reported for the duration of the acoustic swallowing signal, the duration to the peak intensity of the signal, the peak intensity of the signal, the frequency of the peak intensity of the swallow, and the peak frequency of the swallow, as was the mean peak anterior tongue strength during swallowing. Correlations between the variables were also computed. Analyses were conducted with data collapsed across bolus types, as well as for individual bolus consistencies. The objective of this study was to provide a quantitative characterization of swallowing acoustics and peak anterior tongue strength in a sample of normal individuals. Overall, results compared favorably with previous research. Significant correlations were found between the age and the duration variables (positive), age and the intensity variables (negative), the duration variables (positive), the duration to peak intensity and the frequency at peak intensity (negative), the intensity and the frequency variables (positive), and the frequency variables (positive). The current study can serve as a point of reference for future studies, which should further investigate normal swallowing across multiple bolus consistencies and volumes, and eventually compare these measures to those with individuals with disordered swallowing.
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Date Issued: 2003
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-0865
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effectiveness of Voice Therapy on Muscle Tension Dysphonia: A Scoping Study.
Creator: Meuser, Mallory Aryn, Morris, Richard, Hall-Mills, Shannon, Rayburn, Jay, Therrien, Michelle
Abstract/Description: Overuse of laryngeal muscles can lead to unhealthy vocal behaviors. These behaviors could lead to muscle tension dysphonia (MTD). In order to create voice in a healthy manner, voice therapy might be recommended to the patient. Voice therapy has been used and shown effective for treating voice problems such as MTD, vocal fold nodules, vocal fold polyps, Reinke’s edema, polypoid degeneration, diffuse polyposis, acute laryngitis, chronic laryngitis, contact ulcers, granuloma, and cysts. There...
Show moreOveruse of laryngeal muscles can lead to unhealthy vocal behaviors. These behaviors could lead to muscle tension dysphonia (MTD). In order to create voice in a healthy manner, voice therapy might be recommended to the patient. Voice therapy has been used and shown effective for treating voice problems such as MTD, vocal fold nodules, vocal fold polyps, Reinke’s edema, polypoid degeneration, diffuse polyposis, acute laryngitis, chronic laryngitis, contact ulcers, granuloma, and cysts. There has not been much research in the field of communication science and disorders about the effectiveness of voice therapy on muscle tension dysphonia. After doing a literature search, 96 articles have been identified as potentially having this research. After coding for inclusion and exclusion criteria, 9 articles were evaluated for their quality of research regarding effectiveness of voice therapy on MTD and other structural vocal pathologies. More research needs to have sample studies that match demographically so these studies can generalize to all people with voice disorders and focus more on the emotional aspect of voice therapy affecting client adherence to treatment. In addition, more studies need to be done exclusively on MTD and to see what is the most effective treatment method for this voice disorder.
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Date Issued: 2019-04-24
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1556123825_13745bd1
Format: Thesis

Title: Familiarization of Dysarthric Speech Generalization between Speakers of Different Sex.
Creator: Hirsch, Megan Elizabeth, Lansford, Katlin L., Morris, Richard Jack, Kaschak, Michael P., Florida State University, College of Communication and Information, Department of...
Show moreHirsch, Megan Elizabeth, Lansford, Katlin L., Morris, Richard Jack, Kaschak, Michael P., Florida State University, College of Communication and Information, Department of Communication Science and Disorders
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Abstract/Description: Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder that affects various aspects of speech production, such as breath support, speech rate, articulation, and prosody. Traditional speech therapy involved behavioral changes to how a person with dysarthria speaks. Emerging evidence shows familiarization may be a viable alternative option for treatment. Familiarization targets the listener's perceived intelligibility of speech produced by a speaker with dysarthria through training with speakers with dysarthria...
Show moreDysarthria is a motor speech disorder that affects various aspects of speech production, such as breath support, speech rate, articulation, and prosody. Traditional speech therapy involved behavioral changes to how a person with dysarthria speaks. Emerging evidence shows familiarization may be a viable alternative option for treatment. Familiarization targets the listener's perceived intelligibility of speech produced by a speaker with dysarthria through training with speakers with dysarthria. Recent evidence showed familiarization effects generalize between test and training speakers with dysarthria who were the same sex, especially if the speech of the two speakers was perceptually similar. The current study investigates whether generalization occurs between speakers of different sex and the effect perceptual similarity has on this generalization. Listeners were recruited via Amazon's Mechanical Turk and were presented with speech samples from a speaker with dysarthria. Listeners were assigned to one of two training conditions and completed a pre-test and post-test transcription task to measure level of intelligibility. Data collected was compared to and analyzed with historical data from Borrie et al. (2017a). Results showed a significant effect for level of similarity, indicating the listeners trained with a perceptually similar speaker to the test speaker showed greater improvements in intelligibility compared to listeners trained with a dissimilar speaker, regardless of the speaker's sex. The listeners in the dissimilar training speaker conditions had variable intelligibility improvement scores following training. Results indicate familiarization effects generalize between speakers of different sex and that improvement is enhanced when trained with a perceptually similar speaker.
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Date Issued: 2019
Identifier: 2019_Summer_Hirsch_fsu_0071N_15440
Format: Thesis

Title: Developing a Conceptual Framework for Adolescent Vocabulary Intervention: A Scoping Review.
Creator: Derry, May McGee, Hall-Mills, Shannon S., Morris, Richard Jack, Tibi, Sana, Therrien, Michelle, Florida State University, College of Communication and Information, Department of...
Show moreDerry, May McGee, Hall-Mills, Shannon S., Morris, Richard Jack, Tibi, Sana, Therrien, Michelle, Florida State University, College of Communication and Information, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders
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Abstract/Description: The aim of the present study was to complete a scoping review of current research on adolescent vocabulary intervention across settings in order to develop a nascent conceptual framework for oral and written, expressive and receptive adolescent vocabulary intervention. Such a tool could be beneficial for speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and teachers to utilize as they address the vocabulary, language, and literacy needs of diverse students in unique settings. Synthesis was completed first...
Show moreThe aim of the present study was to complete a scoping review of current research on adolescent vocabulary intervention across settings in order to develop a nascent conceptual framework for oral and written, expressive and receptive adolescent vocabulary intervention. Such a tool could be beneficial for speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and teachers to utilize as they address the vocabulary, language, and literacy needs of diverse students in unique settings. Synthesis was completed first through a multiple database search of literature between 2003 and 2018. Studies were narrowed down from 811 to 17 based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and analyzed using a rubric which outlined characteristics of the interventions and their service delivery. From this information a synthesis and analysis of studies' commonalities and differences was created, and implications were discussed. Some implications include the need for unified definitions of vocabulary skill measurement across the field of speech-language pathology, the use of multimodal approaches to intervention that incorporate collaboration and the reading of each student's reality, and drawing upon social validity measures in order to create more effective interventions. Conclusions, limitations, and future research are discussed further, as well as the concept of creating a conceptual framework for adolescent vocabulary intervention which could become a tool for SLPs and teachers.
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Date Issued: 2019
Identifier: 2019_Summer_Derry_fsu_0071N_15434
Format: Thesis

Title: Comparison of Nasalance Between Trained Singers and Non-Singers.
Creator: Fowler, Linda P., Morris, Richard J., Thomas, André, Stierwalt, Julie A. G., LaPointe, Leonard L., Walker, Virginia, School of Communication, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Nasalance measures were reported for two groups, 36 trained female singers and 36 female non-singers. Each group sang and sustained the point vowels (/i/, /ae/, /u/, /a/) for six seconds duration across three frequency levels. Three seconds from the middle of each vowel was measured to generate nasalance scores. No significant differences were found in the mean nasalance scores between the trained singers and the non-singers. The nasalance scores were significantly higher for front vowels as...
Show moreNasalance measures were reported for two groups, 36 trained female singers and 36 female non-singers. Each group sang and sustained the point vowels (/i/, /ae/, /u/, /a/) for six seconds duration across three frequency levels. Three seconds from the middle of each vowel was measured to generate nasalance scores. No significant differences were found in the mean nasalance scores between the trained singers and the non-singers. The nasalance scores were significantly higher for front vowels as compared to back vowels for both groups. Additionally, both groups displayed a pattern of producing significantly higher nasalance scores at lower frequencies than at higher frequencies. The implication of these results is that most singers spontaneously raise the velum on high frequencies and depress it on lower frequencies. These findings put into question the need to train velar movement in Western classical singing.
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Date Issued: 2004
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-4411
Format: Thesis

Title: Safety, Identity, Transmission and Enculturation: An Investigation of Four Formative Aspects of Choral Cultures on Music Majors in Undergraduate Auditioned and Non-Auditioned Collegiate Choirs.
Creator: Van Vat-Chromy, Jo-Anne, Bowers, Judy K., Morris, Richard J., Madsen, Clifford K., Thomas, André J., Kelly, Steven N., College of Music, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the perceived impact of four elements of choral cultures in lives of undergraduate music majors within the contexts of auditioned and non-auditioned choir settings. Specifically, this study sought to determine: 1.) Do the elements of safety, identify, transmission, and enculturation demonstrate a formative influence in shaping the attitudes about choral cultures in undergraduate collegiate choirs? 2.) Is there a difference between how these...
Show moreThe primary purpose of this study was to investigate the perceived impact of four elements of choral cultures in lives of undergraduate music majors within the contexts of auditioned and non-auditioned choir settings. Specifically, this study sought to determine: 1.) Do the elements of safety, identify, transmission, and enculturation demonstrate a formative influence in shaping the attitudes about choral cultures in undergraduate collegiate choirs? 2.) Is there a difference between how these experiences are perceived in terms of music majors in an auditioned vs. non-auditioned setting? 3.) Did choir members perceive their ensemble participation would impact their future music teaching careers, and if so, in what manner? A survey instrument, adapted from the literature (Hylton, 1980; Adderley et. al, 2003; and Morrison, 2001), was organized into three sections: demographics, twenty-five Likert-type scale questions and seven open-ended questions. The survey was piloted by undergraduate music majors at a large, southeastern American university (N = 23, n = 11, non-auditioned choir; n = 12, auditioned choir). Participants in the study (N = 154; n = 68, non-auditioned choirs, n = 86, auditioned choirs) were undergraduate music majors from seven choral ensembles at three American universities. Factor analysis of the survey instrument revealed factor loading above .600 for fifteen of the twenty-five questions, which shaped survey revisions. Mean scores comparison of the quantitative data indicated seven questions of the fifteen tied in rank order significance across the two choir types. Mean score rankings per category indicated category ranked importance across both choir types to be safety - identity, enculturation and transmission. Significant differences were noted within the categories and between the two choir types in the categories of identity, transmission and enculturation. Free response data was codified for emergent themes and code word frequency using HyperRESEARCH™, a qualitative data software program and were reported by frequency rank order. Frequency tallies indicated the highest code word tally in the category of enculturation (64.4%). The non-auditioned choir type perceived the category ranked importance to be enculturation, safety, identity and transmission, while the auditioned choir typed ranked the category importance as enculturation, safety, transmission, and identity. 13.6% of total coded words were evidence of flow experiences in choral rehearsals, across both choir settings (5.6% for the non-auditioned choirs and 8% for the auditioned choirs). Both quantitative and qualitative data indicated the auditioned choir members perceived their choral experience as more directly applicable to their future music teaching careers than the non-auditioned choir participants. Behaviors of safety, identity, transmission and enculturation in choral rehearsals, recommendations for choral music teaching and suggestions for further research were given.
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Date Issued: 2010
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-4551
Format: Thesis

Title: An Investigation of Pulse Oximetry (PO) Levels during Swallowing in Healthy Adults and Individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
Creator: Al-Ani, Salim S., Stierwalt, Julie A. G., Jeong, Allan C., LaPointe, Leonard L., Morris, Richard Jack, Florida State University, College of Communication and Information, School...
Show moreAl-Ani, Salim S., Stierwalt, Julie A. G., Jeong, Allan C., LaPointe, Leonard L., Morris, Richard Jack, Florida State University, College of Communication and Information, School of Communication Science and Disorders
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Abstract/Description: Purpose: To examine pulse oximetry (PO) levels in healthy adult subjects across the adult age span, and to examine the same in a sample of individuals with severe and very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to compare their results. Method: PO levels were recorded via the BIOPAC Systems, Inc. (Goleta, CA) computer based data acquisition unit in conjunction with the Acqknowledge version 4.1 software. Subjects for this study were drawn from a sample of 60 healthy young men...
Show morePurpose: To examine pulse oximetry (PO) levels in healthy adult subjects across the adult age span, and to examine the same in a sample of individuals with severe and very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to compare their results. Method: PO levels were recorded via the BIOPAC Systems, Inc. (Goleta, CA) computer based data acquisition unit in conjunction with the Acqknowledge version 4.1 software. Subjects for this study were drawn from a sample of 60 healthy young men and women between the ages of 18 to 38 (30 males and 30 females) and a sample of 60 healthy older men and women (30 males and 30 females) aged 60 years and over. A clinical population of 11 COPD subjects (3 males, 8 females) with an age range of 43 to 82 also participated in the study. Each subject swallowed 10 ml of water three times, 10 ml of applesauce three times, and three small individual pieces of diced pears three times. Results: In the healthy adult group, a 2 (age) x 2 (gender) repeated-measures ANOVA revealed no statistically significant main effects for within-subject factors of bolus type or the interactions of bolus x gender, bolus x age or bolus x gender x age. For between-subject variables there was no main effect for gender but age was significant F(1, 116) = 36.94, p < .001 and the interaction of gender x age was significant F(1, 116) = 5.62, p = .019. For the COPD sample, a Friedman test did not reveal statistically significant differences across the bolus types. For the comparison between the healthy adults and COPD groups a Mann Whitney U test revealed that there were statistically significant differences between the groups for all the of the bolus types: U = 22, p = .011 for water, U = 26, p = .023 for applesauce, and U = 22, p = .011 for pears. Conclusions: Our study contributed information regarding the invariant nature of PO levels in healthy adult swallows across a range of consistencies (for a typical bolus volume). The same pattern was true for individuals with COPD. These results suggest that fluctuations in PO values might indicate respiratory compromise, though additional investigation is warranted to confirm this hypothesis.
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Date Issued: 2014
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-9127
Format: Thesis

Title: Information Exchanged in Mentoring Between Faculty Advisors and Their Doctoral Students.
Creator: Lee, Jongwook, Burnett, Gary, Burnett, Kathleen M. (Kathleen Marie), Morris, Richard Jack, Stvilia, Besiki, Florida State University, College of Communication and Information,...
Show moreLee, Jongwook, Burnett, Gary, Burnett, Kathleen M. (Kathleen Marie), Morris, Richard Jack, Stvilia, Besiki, Florida State University, College of Communication and Information, School of Information
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Abstract/Description: Socialization of doctoral students refers to the learning and adjustment process through which they acquire information and knowledge about their work, department, university, and discipline. This dissertation explores characteristics and activities of mentoring relationships and examines information types exchanged in the relationships using a mixed method design that combines qualitative interview and quantitative survey methods. The study draws upon a socialization content framework...
Show moreSocialization of doctoral students refers to the learning and adjustment process through which they acquire information and knowledge about their work, department, university, and discipline. This dissertation explores characteristics and activities of mentoring relationships and examines information types exchanged in the relationships using a mixed method design that combines qualitative interview and quantitative survey methods. The study draws upon a socialization content framework developed in organizational settings. Interviews with ten library and information science (LIS) doctoral students from nine universities in the United States (U.S.) were conducted. Based on data from these interviews, ideal mentoring was defined as a supportive relationship that combines professional and interpersonal characteristics. The author also identified sixteen types of information exchanged in doctoral mentoring: Language, History, Coursework, Research, Skills, Teaching, Networking, Structure, Politics, Goals, Strategies, Values, Norms/Tradition, Rules/Policies, Benefits, and Personal life. In addition to the identification of content dimensions, the author observed four meaningful levels to which the content types can be applied: Work, School/Department, University, and Discipline. The author tested and generalized interview findings through surveying 132 LIS doctoral student participants in the U.S. The survey findings supported the importance of both professional and interpersonal characteristics of mentors, although the participants placed more value on professional than interpersonal characteristics. When comparing participants' perceptions of their current mentors/advisors and ideal mentors, current mentors were quite similar to ideal mentors, although there were statistically significant differences on many characteristics between current advisors and ideal mentors. Moreover, the survey confirmed that information exchange occurs in all of the sixteen types, although frequencies varied. In particular, information exchange was more frequent in the group of participants who considered their advisors to be mentors than it was among those who did not. It was also found that there is a changing pattern in the overall frequency of information exchange across the stages of doctoral work. This dissertation presented faculty mentor characteristics comprehensively and concretely, which will enable faculty advisors to reflect on and improve their mentoring practices. It also suggested doctoral students' experiences from the perspective of information, which contributes to increasing our understanding of its role in the doctoral training process. Through investigation of the types of information exchanged, the author attempted to make the immeasurable and invisible dimension of mentoring measurable and visible in order to illustrate the important role of information and information exchange. Finally, the author proposed a modified definition of mentoring/mentors, adding the dimension of information to existing definitions. Theoretically, the current study addressed the dearth in content framework research in academic settings, especially academic mentoring, and it established a foundation for the examination of interpersonal information behavior in mentoring. Practically, the list of mentor characteristics identified from the study could be referenced to evaluate advisors/mentors, allowing them to address shortcomings. In addition, the study findings may help characterize and understand the doctoral study process from the perspective of information science, which can be used for improving current doctoral advising/mentoring practices, contributing to decreasing students' attrition rates and promote their professional and personal success. Last but not least, the information types can be used to develop a measurement system that evaluates the effectiveness of knowledge transfer and mentoring.
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: FSU_2016SP_Lee_fsu_0071E_13025
Format: Thesis

Title: Effect of Feedback Schedules and Number of Practice Trials on Motor Retention of Novel Speech Behaviors.
Creator: Kim, In-sop, LaPointe, Leonard L., Zwaan, Rolf A., Stierwalt, Julie A. G., Morris, Richard J., School of Communication Science and Disorders, Florida State University
Abstract/Description: Many theories for explaining speech production problems in apraxia of speech (AOS) have been advanced. Schmidt's schema theory of motor control has been widely used to explain motor learning in normal subjects as well as in individuals with motor speech disorders especially, AOS. Several studies have provided the data on motor learning in limb system from the perspective of schema theory of motor control and learning. Those studies investigated important variables of motor learning such as...
Show moreMany theories for explaining speech production problems in apraxia of speech (AOS) have been advanced. Schmidt's schema theory of motor control has been widely used to explain motor learning in normal subjects as well as in individuals with motor speech disorders especially, AOS. Several studies have provided the data on motor learning in limb system from the perspective of schema theory of motor control and learning. Those studies investigated important variables of motor learning such as practice (random and blocked), feedback (100% feedback, reduced feedback), and their influence on acquisition and retention. However, few studies have investigated motor speech production for AOS. Furthermore, many of the variables directly related to relearning or learning outcomes of complex motoric speech behavior have gone uninvestigated. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the manipulation of several parameters (the schedules of practice trials, the schedules of feedback, and retention) of motor learning theory on the verbal acquisition and retention of words in a foreign language (Korean). Thirty two normal English speaking subjects participated in this study. Ten Korean sentences were presented for each participant to practice. The subjects were directed to practice by listening to the sentences that the experimenter orally modeled for them. The speech samples were produced with one day of retention and one week of retention following training. The results showed that the combination of 100 practice trials and 20% feedback was more effective than the other combinations on the retention of novel verbal productions of Korean phrases one day after training. Also, the effects of the combination of 100 practice trials and 20% reduced feedback were retained one week after acquisition.
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Date Issued: 2007
Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-3060
Format: Thesis

Title: The Effects of Cognitive Load on Gait in Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type: A Longitudinal Study.
Creator: Oh, Chorong, Morris, Richard Jack, LaPointe, Leonard L., Kelley, Colleen M., Lansford, Katlin L., Maitland, Charles G., Florida State University, College of Communication and...
Show moreOh, Chorong, Morris, Richard Jack, LaPointe, Leonard L., Kelley, Colleen M., Lansford, Katlin L., Maitland, Charles G., Florida State University, College of Communication and Information, School of Communication Science and Disorders
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Abstract/Description: As dementia grows at an increasingly faster rate around the world, it has become imperative to identify its symptoms at an early stage. Dementia of the Alzheimer’s type (DAT) mainly disrupts cognitive functioning, but behavioral changes such as slow walking also occur. In an aging world with a growing dementia population, early identification has come to play an important role in the management and treatment of the disease. A simultaneous assessment of the behavioral and cognitive changes is...
Show moreAs dementia grows at an increasingly faster rate around the world, it has become imperative to identify its symptoms at an early stage. Dementia of the Alzheimer’s type (DAT) mainly disrupts cognitive functioning, but behavioral changes such as slow walking also occur. In an aging world with a growing dementia population, early identification has come to play an important role in the management and treatment of the disease. A simultaneous assessment of the behavioral and cognitive changes is recommended to be used to assist with early identification of dementia. A dual task of walking and talking is especially practical to identify early signs of dementia since individuals usually walk while doing something else such as talking on the phone or with another person. This study was an investigation into longitudinal changes in gait under different levels of cognitive load conditions: 1) the baseline condition was defined as normal walking with no simultaneous cognitive load, 2) the low cognitive load condition was defined as walking and counting numbers from a random number assigned, and finally 3) the high cognitive load condition was defined as walking and simultaneously completing a categorical naming task (generating as many words in a specific category as possible). Fourteen individuals with a mean age of 78 years who in the early (mild or moderate) stage of DAT (Mean DRS-2 score = 88.14, SD = 12.6) participated. For the walking task, the GAITRite© Portable Walkway system incorporating a 580-cm mat with embedded sensors to measure spatiotemporal parameters of gait and the accompanying software was employed. Once a month over a one-year period, participants walked across the GAITRite© Walkway mat. The gait analyses included Functional Ambulation Profile (FAP), stride length (SL), velocity, and double support time (DST). To more precisely examine the effects of concurrent cognitive load, participants completed the low and high cognitive load tasks while seated. Values in FAP, SL, and velocity decreased as tasks became more complex and as the disease progressed, while DST increased at the same rate. The comparison of walking and seated conditions indicated that participants’ performance on both number-counting and categorical naming tasks was poorer when they were walking rather than when they were seated. The results imply effectiveness of gait assessment during multitasking conditions for early diagnosis of DAT. Identifying DAT at an earlier stage is beneficial for the person with the disease, family members and caregivers, as well as health professionals. In this regard, the findings of this current investigation may establish a bridgehead for advances in the early identification of DAT.
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Date Issued: 2018
Identifier: 2018_Su_Oh_fsu_0071E_14612
Format: Thesis

Title: Digitization Protocol For Scoring Reproductive Phenology From Herbarium Specimens Of Seed Plants.
Creator: Yost, Jennifer M., Sweeney, Patrick W., Gilbert, Ed, Nelson, Gil, Guralnick, Robert, Gallinat, Amanda S., Ellwood, Elizabeth R., Rossington, Natalie, Willis, Charles G., Blum,...
Show moreYost, Jennifer M., Sweeney, Patrick W., Gilbert, Ed, Nelson, Gil, Guralnick, Robert, Gallinat, Amanda S., Ellwood, Elizabeth R., Rossington, Natalie, Willis, Charles G., Blum, Stanley D., Walls, Ramona L., Haston, Elspeth M., Denslow, Michael W., Zohner, Constantin M., Morris, Ashley B., Stucky, Brian J., Carter, J. Richard, Baxter, David G., Bolmgren, Kjell, Denny, Ellen G., Dean, Ellen, Pearson, Katelin D., Davis, Charles C., Mishler, Brent D., Soltis, Pamela S., Mazer, Susan J.
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Abstract/Description: PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Herbarium specimens provide a robust record of historical plant phenology (the timing of seasonal events such as flowering or fruiting). However, the difficulty of aggregating phenological data from specimens arises from a lack of standardized scoring methods and definitions for phenological states across the collections community. METHODS AND RESULTS: To address this problem, we report on a consensus reached by an iDigBio working group of curators, researchers, and data...
Show morePREMISE OF THE STUDY: Herbarium specimens provide a robust record of historical plant phenology (the timing of seasonal events such as flowering or fruiting). However, the difficulty of aggregating phenological data from specimens arises from a lack of standardized scoring methods and definitions for phenological states across the collections community. METHODS AND RESULTS: To address this problem, we report on a consensus reached by an iDigBio working group of curators, researchers, and data standards experts regarding an efficient scoring protocol and a data-sharing protocol for reproductive traits available from herbarium specimens of seed plants. The phenological data sets generated can be shared via Darwin Core Archives using the Extended MeasurementOrFact extension. CONCLUSIONS: Our hope is that curators and others interested in collecting phenological trait data from specimens will use the recommendations presented here in current and future scoring efforts. New tools for scoring specimens are reviewed.
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Date Issued: 2018-02
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000427460700002, 10.1002/aps3.1022
Format: Citation

Title: Digitization protocol for scoring reproductive phenology from herbarium specimens of seed plants.
Creator: Yost, Jennifer M, Sweeney, Patrick W, Gilbert, Ed, Nelson, Gil, Guralnick, Robert, Gallinat, Amanda S, Ellwood, Elizabeth R, Rossington, Natalie, Willis, Charles G, Blum,...
Show moreYost, Jennifer M, Sweeney, Patrick W, Gilbert, Ed, Nelson, Gil, Guralnick, Robert, Gallinat, Amanda S, Ellwood, Elizabeth R, Rossington, Natalie, Willis, Charles G, Blum, Stanley D, Walls, Ramona L, Haston, Elspeth M, Denslow, Michael W, Zohner, Constantin M, Morris, Ashley B, Stucky, Brian J, Carter, J Richard, Baxter, David G, Bolmgren, Kjell, Denny, Ellen G, Dean, Ellen, Pearson, Katelin D, Davis, Charles C, Mishler, Brent D, Soltis, Pamela S, Mazer, Susan J
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Abstract/Description: Herbarium specimens provide a robust record of historical plant phenology (the timing of seasonal events such as flowering or fruiting). However, the difficulty of aggregating phenological data from specimens arises from a lack of standardized scoring methods and definitions for phenological states across the collections community. To address this problem, we report on a consensus reached by an iDigBio working group of curators, researchers, and data standards experts regarding an efficient...
Show moreHerbarium specimens provide a robust record of historical plant phenology (the timing of seasonal events such as flowering or fruiting). However, the difficulty of aggregating phenological data from specimens arises from a lack of standardized scoring methods and definitions for phenological states across the collections community. To address this problem, we report on a consensus reached by an iDigBio working group of curators, researchers, and data standards experts regarding an efficient scoring protocol and a data-sharing protocol for reproductive traits available from herbarium specimens of seed plants. The phenological data sets generated can be shared via Darwin Core Archives using the Extended MeasurementOrFact extension. Our hope is that curators and others interested in collecting phenological trait data from specimens will use the recommendations presented here in current and future scoring efforts. New tools for scoring specimens are reviewed.
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Date Issued: 2018-02-28
Identifier: FSU_pmch_29732253, 10.1002/aps3.1022, PMC5851559, 29732253, 29732253, APS31022
Format: Citation

Title: Validation Of 10-year Sao Omi Ozone Profile (profoz) Product Using Ozonesonde Observations.
Creator: Huang, Guanyu, Liu, Xiong, Chance, Kelly, Yang, Kai, Bhartia, Pawan K., Cai, Zhaonan, Allaart, Marc, Ancellet, Gerard, Calpini, Bertrand, Coetzee, Gerrie J. R., Cuevas-Agullo,...
Show moreHuang, Guanyu, Liu, Xiong, Chance, Kelly, Yang, Kai, Bhartia, Pawan K., Cai, Zhaonan, Allaart, Marc, Ancellet, Gerard, Calpini, Bertrand, Coetzee, Gerrie J. R., Cuevas-Agullo, Emilio, Cupeiro, Manuel, De Backer, Hugo, Dubey, Manvendra K., Fuelberg, Henry E., Fujiwara, Masatomo, Godin-Beekmann, Sophie, Hall, Tristan J., Johnson, Bryan, Joseph, Everette, Kivi, Rigel, Kois, Bogumil, Komala, Ninong, Koenig-Langlo, Gert, Laneve, Giovanni, Leblanc, Thierry, Marchand, Marion, Minschwaner, Kenneth R., Morris, Gary, Newchurch, Michael J., Ogino, Shin-Ya, Ohkawara, Nozomu, Piters, Ankie J. M., Posny, Francoise, Querel, Richard, Scheele, Rinus, Schmidlin, Frank J., Schnell, Russell C., Schrems, Otto, Selkirk, Henry, Shiotani, Masato, Skrivankova, Pavla, Sutbi, Rene, Taha, Ghassan, Tarasick, David W., Thompson, Anne M., Thouret, Valerie, Tully, Matthew B., Van Malderen, Roeland, Vomel, Holger, von der Gathen, Peter, Witte, Jacquelyn C., Yela, Margarita
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Abstract/Description: We validate the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) Ozone Profile (PROFOZ) product from October 2004 through December 2014 retrieved by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) algorithm against ozonesonde observations. We also evaluate the effects of OMI row anomaly (RA) on the retrieval by dividing the dataset into before and after the occurrence of serious OMI RA, i.e., pre-RA (2004-2008) and post-RA (2009-2014). The retrieval shows good agreement with ozonesondes in the tropics and...
Show moreWe validate the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) Ozone Profile (PROFOZ) product from October 2004 through December 2014 retrieved by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) algorithm against ozonesonde observations. We also evaluate the effects of OMI row anomaly (RA) on the retrieval by dividing the dataset into before and after the occurrence of serious OMI RA, i.e., pre-RA (2004-2008) and post-RA (2009-2014). The retrieval shows good agreement with ozonesondes in the tropics and midlatitudes and for pressure < similar to 50 hPa in the high latitudes. It demonstrates clear improvement over the a priori down to the lower troposphere in the tropics and down to an average of similar to 550 (300) hPa at middle (high) latitudes. In the tropics and midlatitudes, the profile mean biases (MBs) are less than 6 %, and the standard deviations (SDs) range from 5 to 10% for pressure < similar to 50 hPa to less than 18% (27 %) in the tropics (midlatitudes) for pressure > similar to 50 hPa after applying OMI averaging kernels to ozonesonde data. The MBs of the stratospheric ozone column (SOC, the ozone column from the tropopause pressure to the ozonesonde burst pressure) are within 2% with SDs of < 5% and the MBs of the tropospheric ozone column (TOC) are within 6% with SDs of 15 %. In the high latitudes, the profile MBs are within 10% with SDs of 5-15% for pressure < similar to 50 hPa but increase to 30% with SDs as great as 40% for pressure > similar to 50 hPa. The SOC MBs increase up to 3% with SDs as great as 6% and the TOC SDs increase up to 30 %. The comparison generally degrades at larger solar zenith angles (SZA) due to weaker signals and additional sources of error, leading to worse performance at high latitudes and during the midlatitude winter. Agreement also degrades with increasing cloudiness for pressure > similar to 100 hPa and varies with cross-track position, especially with large MBs and SDs at extreme off-nadir positions. In the tropics and midlatitudes, the post-RA comparison is considerably worse with larger SDs reaching 2% in the stratosphere and 8% in the troposphere and up to 6% in TOC. There are systematic differences that vary with latitude compared to the pre-RA comparison. The retrieval comparison demonstrates good long-term stability during the pre-RA period but exhibits a statistically significant trend of 0.14-0.7% year 1 for pressure < similar to 80 hPa, 0.7DUyear(-1) in SOC, and 0 : 33DUyear(-1) in TOC during the post-RA period. The spatiotemporal variation of retrieval performance suggests the need to improve OMI's radiometric calibration especially during the post-RA period to maintain the long-term stability and reduce the latitude/season/SZA and cross-track dependency of retrieval quality.
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Date Issued: 2017-07-13
Identifier: FSU_libsubv1_wos_000405522800001, 10.5194/amt-10-2455-2017
Format: Citation

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