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- Title
- The Effect of Gender on One Day-Old Infants' Behavior and Heart Rate Responses to Music Decibel Level.
- Creator
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Dureau, Stephanie J., Gregory, Dianne, Madsen, Clifford, College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences among full term infants' responses to music played at a range of decibel levels. These responses were measured by physiological data (heart rate) and behavioral data (behavior state score). All subjects (N = 36) were healthy, 24 – 48 hours old, and had passed a hearing screening at the time of testing. Heart rate and behavior state were recorded as male (n = 18) and female (n = 18) subjects listened to alternating 3 minute periods of...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to examine gender differences among full term infants' responses to music played at a range of decibel levels. These responses were measured by physiological data (heart rate) and behavioral data (behavior state score). All subjects (N = 36) were healthy, 24 – 48 hours old, and had passed a hearing screening at the time of testing. Heart rate and behavior state were recorded as male (n = 18) and female (n = 18) subjects listened to alternating 3 minute periods of silence and music for 21 minutes. The music – an excerpt of an instrumental lullaby –was presented via small speakers placed on either side of each subject's head and played at three different loudness levels: 55 – 60 dB, 65 – 70 dB, and 75 – 80 dB. Heart rate was measured using a pulse oximeter with a Y-sensor attached to each subject's great toe, and behavior state was measured using a scale adapted from the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (Brazelton & Nugent, 1995). A two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures computed for both order and gender found no significant difference in heart rate or behavior state during the three loudness levels. Possible reasons for this difference include enjoyment of the music regardless of intensity or physical inability to discriminate between the different levels.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2003
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-0626
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- The Effects of Music Therapy and Token Economy System vs. Music Therapy on Decreaing Inappropriate Behaviors with Students Labeled Emotionally Disturbed.
- Creator
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Boussicaut, Claudine, Standley, Jayne M., Madsen, Clifford, Gregory, Dianne, College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of token economy with music therapy vs. music therapy to decrease the behavioral problems with students labeled emotionally disturbed. Subjects included 20 students aged 13-17 years. A comparison of two groups was made: Class A received music therapy with a token economy system while Class B received only music therapy. In Class A, tokens were given to reinforce the students for demonstrating appropriate behaviors during sessions. During...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of token economy with music therapy vs. music therapy to decrease the behavioral problems with students labeled emotionally disturbed. Subjects included 20 students aged 13-17 years. A comparison of two groups was made: Class A received music therapy with a token economy system while Class B received only music therapy. In Class A, tokens were given to reinforce the students for demonstrating appropriate behaviors during sessions. During Class A's last session, the students used the points acquired to select roles in an original music video. The design for each group was ABABAC with baseline and treatment sessions alternating until the final session. Sessions were videotaped and observed by the researcher then compared to data recorded by the class teacher and/or aide. The school's ongoing behavior data sheet was used. Graphed results showed little difference between groups except on prosocial behaviors. The token economy group improved more than the music therapy only group in this area. There was no significant difference between groups on Mann-Whitney U comparison in reduction of inappropriate behavior.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2004
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-3478
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- Five Case Studies: 1. CT Scanning with Hearing Impaired Children 2. Music Therapy for Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and Stroke Patients 3. Music Therapy for Non-Patients in a Hospital Setting 4. Review of Pain Assessment Forms and Their Applicability to Music Therapy 5. Guitar Instruction with a Practicum College Student.
- Creator
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Constantinidou, Elena, Standley, Jayne M., Gregory, Dianne, Madsen, Clifford, College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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In children, as in adults, computed tomography (CT or CAT) scans are an invaluable imaging modality that produces a series of images that can detect many conditions. Like any tool, however, inappropriate use has unique implications for children including a high risk of cancer. Consequently, the fear of anesthesia and sedation along with the high "radiation dose" a child receives during CT scans, makes this diagnostic approach risky and dangerous. Music Therapy can be used as an alternative...
Show moreIn children, as in adults, computed tomography (CT or CAT) scans are an invaluable imaging modality that produces a series of images that can detect many conditions. Like any tool, however, inappropriate use has unique implications for children including a high risk of cancer. Consequently, the fear of anesthesia and sedation along with the high "radiation dose" a child receives during CT scans, makes this diagnostic approach risky and dangerous. Music Therapy can be used as an alternative mean to anesthesia and sedation thus eliminating any side effects the child may have during this process. Since research has shown that hearing impaired children are able to experience music primarily through the senses of touch, by feeling vibrations and also by actually hearing some tones that are within their limited range, this study discusses the potential use of Music Therapy with hearing impaired children during the CT scans. Moreover, the purpose of this study is to: a) give recommendations (materials, techniques) for facilitation of music therapy during this process and b) lists potential songs that can be used during computed tomography. Alzheimer's or otherwise "The Forgotten Disease" is a progressive disorder with no known cause, attacking and slowly stealing the minds of its victims. Symptoms of the disease include memory loss, confusion, impaired judgment, personality changes, disorientation, and loss of language skills. Always fatal, Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of irreversible dementia. Music Therapy had always had a dramatic effect on people with Alzheimer's since "…..music is a battery charger for the brain, and patients will frequently begin to reminisce and verbalize thoughts and feelings in ways thought to be long dormant." This study examines the use of music as a strategy to increase reality orientation and cognitive stimulation. Music Therapy sessions were conducted on an Adult Day Care Facility twice a week of 60 minutes duration, involving elderly people with dementia, post-CVA, Parkinson's, and other diagnosis. A behavioral research design ABAB was utilized (A=baseline, B=treatment). During base live sessions, singing of familiar songs, playing simple rhythmic instruments with background music, playing musical games that enhanced active manipulation of the hands and feet and moving/dancing activities were utilized. During treatment phase, these music activities were connected with calendar events and/or community events to reinforce the goals of the Music Therapy program in the Day Care Facility. Graphic data analysis and clinical observations clearly indicated that the coupling of music with a variety of activities along with calendar events and/or community events increased significantly the participation, smiling, eye contact, verbal feedback, social interaction and reality orientation. In the meantime, agitation, wondering and pacing were noticeably decreased during the sessions. Implications of the results for music therapy in such facilities are discussed. Music therapy is the prescribed use of music and musical interventions in order to restore, maintain, and improve emotional, physical, physiological, and spiritual health and well-being. This exploratory study investigated the utilization of Music Therapy and its effectiveness for non-patients in waiting rooms of a hospital setting. Two waiting rooms were chosen, the Emergency waiting room and the Intensive Care Unit waiting room, after consultation with the head nurse of the hospital. A 30-minute session of live music was taken place twice a week in each waiting room. A repertoire list that included songs from a variety of musical genres, was handed to the subjects who happened to be present at the time of the study. Subjects were encouraged to choose songs they enjoyed listening to. Behavioral data were recorded by an independent observer. Observable on-task verbal behaviors were: singing, choosing songs, conversing with the Music Therapists, making comments about music. Observable on task visual behaviors were: eye-contact, moving feet or hands to music, and dancing. Observable off-task behaviors were: conversing with other people, reading newspaper, watching T.V., talking on the phone or any other incompatible or competing behavior at the interval of the observation. Results indicated that Music Therapy in an environment such as the Emergency room, where patients are also present, is not as effective as in waiting room where only non-patients are there. While overall results of this study were not significant or encouraging, enough variations occurred between the two waiting group populations to warrant further investigation. During the last decade, the use of music as an adjunctive aid to "traditional" medicine has been acknowledged and patients can now take home "sound prescriptions" to assist them in regaining health. An ongoing growing interest on the effects of music in medicine has led institutions and research centers to investigate the impact music has on pain management and pain relief. A press release from the National Institute of Health has found that "music and relaxation can provide more complete relief without the undesired side effects of some pain medications" (Press Release, National Institute of Health, 1999). Despite of fact that music is being utilized in the hospital setting across populations, the author of this study could not find research related to music therapy and pain assessment procedures that identify both problem areas and patient assets for treatment participation and prognosis (Standley, p. 43). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to review clinical pain assessment forms and discuss their applicability to music therapy. Guitar. One of the most alluring and expressive instrument with more applications than any instrument known to mankind. From the sedative sound of the Greek "Kithara" to the atonal sounds of the Flamenco-style Spanish guitar, to the howling solos effortlessly pounded out by George Harrison of the Beatles in the 60s, to the modern Jazz fusion drifting through clubs and concert halls all over the world, there is no instrument as recognized, as versatile, and as expressive as the guitar. The guitar today continues to flourish throughout the globe in its infinite number of applications and styles, growing in popularity and prestige every single year. The value of class-guitar program in schools and colleges is being increasingly recognized throughout the United States. Most colleges have included into their curriculum guitar instruction courses, and students, music or non-music majors, have the opportunity to learn how to play this so popular instrument. For music therapy majors, proficient guitar skills is consider to be the key for successful completion of the music academic curriculum which includes the academic phase and the field-based internship phase, evidencing future successes as a professional in the field of Music Therapy. This study was designed to help an undergraduate music therapy student to successfully meet the requirements and skills needed in guitar while doing a practicum in a hospital setting. Furthermore, this study seek to examine if a relationship exists between guitar skills and the fear of being prepared or having the knowledge, thus being more competent during direct client interaction, hence being an effective music therapist. It was clearly seen that there is a strong relationship between efficient guitar skills, self-enjoyment and being more confident and ready during direct client interaction thus decreasing the fear of failure. Implications of the results are being discussed.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2004
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-3424
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- The Effect of Group Songwriting versus Poetry Writing on the Self-Efficacy of Adults Who Are Homeless.
- Creator
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Marinaro, Rebeckah, Standley, Jayne M., Madsen, Clifford, Gregory, Dianne, College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of group songwriting versus poetry writing on the self-efficacy of adults who are homeless. The study was conducted in the day center of an emergency shelter where participants took part in one of two conditions. The treatment condition consisted of a single music therapy songwriting session during which participants (n = 19) collaboratively wrote lyrics and composed the music for an original song. After the group performed the song...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of group songwriting versus poetry writing on the self-efficacy of adults who are homeless. The study was conducted in the day center of an emergency shelter where participants took part in one of two conditions. The treatment condition consisted of a single music therapy songwriting session during which participants (n = 19) collaboratively wrote lyrics and composed the music for an original song. After the group performed the song together, with the use of handheld percussion instruments, the researcher facilitated a closing discussion. The control condition consisted of a single poetry therapy session during which participants (n = 14) collaboratively wrote a free-verse poem, recited it together, and concluded with a facilitated discussion. Results showed increased mean self-efficacy scores for both conditions, though neither group's improvement was significant. While there was also no significant difference in the amount of change exhibited by one condition as compared to the other, the music group did evidence a stronger trend of movement toward higher self-efficacy. Music participants had higher mean change scores on 4 out of 5 pre/posttest questions, as well as a higher overall mean change score (6% change as compared to 2% in the poetry condition). The products created in each session were analyzed for observable differences. Overlapping themes included: love, peace, happiness, unity, goals, change, positive thinking, and overcoming adversity. The songs composed by the two music therapy groups were written in verse-chorus form and produced between 6 and 8 unique, unrepeated lines. The poem written by the poetry therapy group was through-composed and produced 26 unique lines. The poetry group product also contained more themes, more sub-thematic material and greater complexity, as evidenced by more detailed explication of each idea. The unique strengths of songwriting and poetry writing in this setting were illuminated by their use in this study; specific goal areas best suited to each modality are discussed. Literature reviewed strongly suggests the need for additional research regarding the use of music therapy with adults experiencing homelessness. The results of this study suggest that both music therapy and poetry therapy are effective therapeutic approaches for this population and that songwriting specifically, may have distinct advantages in addressing self-efficacy.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2013
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-7491
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- Development of Musical Preference: A Comparison of Perceived Influences.
- Creator
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Phelps, Roger P., Madsen, Clifford, Kelly, Steven, Ebbers, Paul, College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate the sources of variation in music preferences as defined by Leblanc (1980, 1982), provide a comprehensive review of literature as it relates to the variables under investigation, and make recommendations for future research in the field of music preference. Participants (N=420) were undergraduate students (n=354) at a large southeastern university and high school students (n=66) in the southeastern United States. A questionnaire was used...
Show moreABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate the sources of variation in music preferences as defined by Leblanc (1980, 1982), provide a comprehensive review of literature as it relates to the variables under investigation, and make recommendations for future research in the field of music preference. Participants (N=420) were undergraduate students (n=354) at a large southeastern university and high school students (n=66) in the southeastern United States. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic information and data for this study. Using a Semantic differential, participants to indicated the influence of twenty-one variables on their musical preferences and an open-ended question at the end allowed them to mark any important influences that may have been left off of the questionnaire. Using demographic information participants were placed in unmatched groups for comparison. Results showed stark differences between the groups' responses of certain variables. The most salient of comparisons was made between the groups of Music Major and Non-Music Major, and Musician and Non-Musician. The Music Major and Musician groups rated the variables of Teachers, Quality, Musical Ability, and Musical Training significantly higher. This may be due to the groups' development as musicians, creating a paradigm of influence that is based on musician-oriented variables. Alternately, Non-Music Majors and Non Musicians rated the variables of Mood, Personality, and Incidental Conditioning higher. Unlike the musician-centric paradigm, these groups seemed to base influences on self, social interaction, and emotion. Future research should investigate the relationship of the hierarchy of influential variables between the population of Musician and Non Musician.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2014
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-8869
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- Criteria for Curricular Literature Selection Among Florida Band Directors.
- Creator
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Roseboom, John D., Shellahamer, Bentley, Madsen, Clifford, Gerber, Larry, College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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The purpose of this study was to collect data concerning the criteria used by Florida secondary school band directors when selecting music for curricular inclusion in their wind band programs. Subjects (N=64) responded to a survey sent in the last quarter of the school year. The survey asked that the participant list four pieces selected for performance throughout the year, and to provide reasoning for their selection. A second portion asked the participant to rank the order of criteria that...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to collect data concerning the criteria used by Florida secondary school band directors when selecting music for curricular inclusion in their wind band programs. Subjects (N=64) responded to a survey sent in the last quarter of the school year. The survey asked that the participant list four pieces selected for performance throughout the year, and to provide reasoning for their selection. A second portion asked the participant to rank the order of criteria that were identified in the research literature. Findings indicate that the top criterion ranked among the responding Florida band directors was aesthetic value. The free response portion indicated that educational elements were the primary criterion when selecting music for curricular inclusion. A disparity was found between high school directors (n=25) and middle school directors (n=39) in that 44.0 percent of high school directors ranked aesthetic value as their top criterion, and only 8.8 percent of middle school directors ranked the same criterion as their top criterion. The responses are in line with the data of past research and the ideas posited by authors in the professional literature.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2006
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-1766
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- The Effect of Subliminal Messages and Suggestions on Memory: Isolating the Placebo Effect.
- Creator
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Takahashi, Kayoko, Standley, Jayne M., Madsen, Clifford, Gregory, Dianne, College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of subliminal messages and suggestions on memory. The participants (N =76) were students at a large state university in the southeast. The participants took a face recognition memory test with three different conditions; one was with a matched suggestion and subliminal message; two was with a mismatched suggestion and subliminal message; three was with neither suggestion nor subliminal message. A questionnaire was used to measure how...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of subliminal messages and suggestions on memory. The participants (N =76) were students at a large state university in the southeast. The participants took a face recognition memory test with three different conditions; one was with a matched suggestion and subliminal message; two was with a mismatched suggestion and subliminal message; three was with neither suggestion nor subliminal message. A questionnaire was used to measure how much participants knew about subliminal messages, and how much they believed in the effect of subliminal messages. The participants used check sheets to answer the face recognition memory tests. A One-way ANOVA was applied to the research data to determine whether there were any differences among the three participant groups. A correlation analysis was also applied to determine whether the subjects' belief in the subliminal message correlated with their test score. The statistical analyses revealed that there was no significant difference among the three groups and no relationship between the test score and subjects' belief in the effect of subliminal messages. This study failed to reject both of the two hypotheses that the scores of participants' face recognition memory test would not be affected by either subliminal messages or suggestion. In summary, no effects of subliminal message or placebo effect were found in this study.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2008
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-1732
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- The Effects of Music Therapy on the Vocational Rehabilitation of Residents in Psychiatric Halfway Houses.
- Creator
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Oh, Jia, Standley, Jayne M., Madsen, Clifford, Gregory, Diane, College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of music therapy intervention on the vocational rehabilitation of individuals with psychiatric disabilities who were residing in halfway houses. The subjects were 23 adult psychiatric clients with a mean age of 44.8 years old. The experimental groups contained 11 subjects, and the no contact control group contained 12 subjects. With a pretest-posttest design, four music therapy sessions addressing interpersonal relationship skills at an...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of music therapy intervention on the vocational rehabilitation of individuals with psychiatric disabilities who were residing in halfway houses. The subjects were 23 adult psychiatric clients with a mean age of 44.8 years old. The experimental groups contained 11 subjects, and the no contact control group contained 12 subjects. With a pretest-posttest design, four music therapy sessions addressing interpersonal relationship skills at an employment setting were given to the experiment groups. The pretest and posttest scores were collected on a measure of the Test of Interpersonal Competence for Employment (TICE). The normative control subjects (n=11) with no psychiatric diagnosis were tested on TICE for a profile comparison. The Mann Whitney U test was used to analyze the data at the .05 level of significance. No statistical significance was found on the pretest scores of the supervisor test (U=61.5, p>.05) and of the coworker test (U=53.5, p>.05). The results indicated that there was no significant difference on the posttest scores of the supervisor test (U=43, p>.05) and of the coworker test (U=58, p>.05). Other findings of the study are discussed..05) and of the coworker test (U=53.5, p>.05). The results indicated that there was no significant difference on the posttest scores of the supervisor test (U=43, p>.05) and of the coworker test (U=58, p>.05). Other findings of the study are discussed..05). The results indicated that there was no significant difference on the posttest scores of the supervisor test (U=43, p>.05) and of the coworker test (U=58, p>.05). Other findings of the study are discussed..05) and of the coworker test (U=58, p>.05). Other findings of the study are discussed..05). Other findings of the study are discussed.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2003
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-2303
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- The Effects of Incrementally Increasing and Decreasing Music Intensity on the Loudness Preference and Behaviors of College Students Performing Either Gross or Fine Motor Activity.
- Creator
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Kimura, Yuri, Standley, Jayne M., Madsen, Clifford, Geringer, John, College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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This study examined the preference of music loudness that incrementally increased and decreased while subjects performed a gross or fine motor task. A total of 64 college students listened to recorded popular music in the 9-minute individual experiment. In the gross motor group, subjects were asked to move up and down in small steps. In the fine motor group, subjects were observed tapping the fingers of one hand while sitting in a chair. Music loudness was the independent variable that...
Show moreThis study examined the preference of music loudness that incrementally increased and decreased while subjects performed a gross or fine motor task. A total of 64 college students listened to recorded popular music in the 9-minute individual experiment. In the gross motor group, subjects were asked to move up and down in small steps. In the fine motor group, subjects were observed tapping the fingers of one hand while sitting in a chair. Music loudness was the independent variable that incrementally increased from 65 to 85 dB and then decreased from 85 to 65 dB with a 5-dB change per minute. Subjects rated loudness preference every 30 seconds using a 5-point scale, thus, subjects rated loudness 2 times per minute. The dependent variables were loudness preference, behavioral responses, and heart rate. Heart rate was measured before, after the experiment, and after subjects completed a questionnaire. Ratings of loudness preference and heart rate were analyzed by the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) concerning gross versus fine motor groups, males versus females, and musicians versus non-musicians. Loudness preference ratings were also compared in loudness increasing versus decreasing mode and first versus second ratings at each dB level. The changes in subjects' synchronous movement and movement levels were observed and analyzed by the Friedman two-way analysis of variance by ranks. Observation reliability was 98.7%. Facial expressions and associated behaviors were also observed when music intensity increased. Results indicated that throughout the session the fine motor group perceived music significantly louder than the gross motor group. Females perceived music significantly louder than males when the music intensity reached 80 dB. Significant interactions were found between loudness preference and 2 ratings at the same intensity levels. Subjects in both gross and fine motor groups increased comfort levels in the second rating regardless of whether they perceived music as soft or loud in the first rating. Significant interaction was also observed between music experiences and 2 ratings. Musicians quickly became accustomed to music at high intensity levels, and non-musicians quickly became used to music at low intensity levels. Subjects perceived decreasing sounds significantly softer than increasing sounds. Heart rate significantly increased after the experiment and significantly decreased after completing a questionnaire in both gross and fine motor groups. Movement levels significantly changed throughout the session. Music intensity changes correlated with movement levels. Synchronous movement and movement levels significantly changed during the first 2 minutes. Subjects who perceived the music to be loud exhibited more facial expressions and associated behaviors of discomfort when music reached high intensity levels. The following were also discussed: the effects of body movement on loudness preference, auditory functions associated with loudness habituation, methodological issues to measure preference of loudness that changes over time, and implications for therapeutic applications.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2004
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-2918
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- The Effects of Selected Scheduling Models on Music Enrollment and Demographics in Florida High Schools.
- Creator
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Knapp, David, Kelly, Steven, Bowers, Judy, Madsen, Clifford, College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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This study examined the independent variable of scheduling model in Florida high school music programs to see if differences exist in enrollment and demographics. Selected scheduling models were six-period, seven or more period, zero-period, and block. Though newspaper articles have mentioned the zero-period scheduling model as early as 1983, this was the first study to document it. This research investigated the presence of the zero-period model and compared its enrollment and demographics...
Show moreThis study examined the independent variable of scheduling model in Florida high school music programs to see if differences exist in enrollment and demographics. Selected scheduling models were six-period, seven or more period, zero-period, and block. Though newspaper articles have mentioned the zero-period scheduling model as early as 1983, this was the first study to document it. This research investigated the presence of the zero-period model and compared its enrollment and demographics to other scheduling models. Block scheduling was found to be the most common model in Florida (49%), while the zero-period model was the least common (9%). Schools with a zero-period model were found to have the highest music enrollment rates (16%). Findings on the demographics of music-enrolled students revealed that minority and low-income students enroll in music significantly less often than other students. This was found to be the case in all scheduling models. The seven or more period model was found to under-represent minority and low-income students more than other selected scheduling models.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2007
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-2861
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- The Effect of Song Translation vs. Non-Native Original Language Performance in Japanese on Emotional Response of Japanese Participants.
- Creator
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Chiashi, Makiko, Standley, Jayne M., Madsen, Clifford, Gregory, Dianne, College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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The purpose of this study was to examine whether music therapists should sing in a non-translated, inexperienced foreign language to match the song preference of a client or patient from a different cultural background or whether they should sing the translated English version of the same song. The participants (N =34) were Japanese people who were student at a large state university in the southeast. The participants listened to two song versions; one in original Japanese version and the...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to examine whether music therapists should sing in a non-translated, inexperienced foreign language to match the song preference of a client or patient from a different cultural background or whether they should sing the translated English version of the same song. The participants (N =34) were Japanese people who were student at a large state university in the southeast. The participants listened to two song versions; one in original Japanese version and the other in English translated version of a Japanese traditional song sung by a music therapy student whose native language was English. A questionnaire was used to measure the participants' emotional responses to the songs. The participants answered by using a seven point Likert-scale about how much they were soothed or disturbed by the songs, how strong their emotional response was to the song, how much they would like to listen to the song when feeling homesick, and their description of the song by choosing an Hevner's adjective group. A General Linear Model repeated measure test was applied to the research data to determine whether there was any differences between the participants' responses to two versions of the songs, and whether the subjects' length of stay in the United States had any effect. The statistical analysis revealed that there were no significant differences in any questions but one. However, there were several correlations between the questions. This study supported the hypothesis that the participants' emotional response would not be affected by song translation or non-native original language performance. However, when performing a song with an unfamiliar language, it was recommended to consult with a native speaker for the language to ensure high quality of performance. Further research regarding music therapy with multi-cultural clients or patients is strongly suggested to better treat the growing population in the United States.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2007
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-3819
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- The Effect of Active and Passive Participation with Music on the Foreign Language Acquisition and Emotional State of University Music Students.
- Creator
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Iwata, Kiyomi, Standley, Jayne M., Gregory, Dianne, Madsen, Clifford, College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of singing paired with signing on second language acquisition of university music students under active and passive learning conditions. In addition, emotional states of the subjects were tested. The independent variables were measured by the immediate recall of pronunciation and vocabulary of Japanese songs and emotional states reported by the subjects. All subjects (N=40) were native English speakers studying music at a university, having...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of singing paired with signing on second language acquisition of university music students under active and passive learning conditions. In addition, emotional states of the subjects were tested. The independent variables were measured by the immediate recall of pronunciation and vocabulary of Japanese songs and emotional states reported by the subjects. All subjects (N=40) were native English speakers studying music at a university, having no experience in learning Japanese. The experiment took place in a music practice room in a 40-minute session and included two trials and posttests. Subjects were divided into two groups, active and passive learning groups. In each trial, a student in the active group (N=20) sang and signed along with the experimenter while the other students in the passive group(N=20) watched and listened. After each trial, the immediate language memory and emotional states were measured. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures showed that there were significant differences in language learning between the active and passive learning conditions and across the two-posttest times with active learners' gaining significantly greater vocabulary and pronunciation skills. Also, there was a significant gain in the comfort level of both groups across both posttests with the active group being significantly more comfortable than the passive group on both tests.The result indicates that active learning with singing paired with signing, compared to simply watching and listening, is more effective for college music students in second language acquisition. The effects of a variety of music structures with different populations and the effects of active and passive learning and interaction need to be examined in future studies.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2005
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-3843
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- An Analysis of Gender, Authority and Educational Background of Voice Teachers in Undergraduate Degree-Granting Institutions.
- Creator
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Puller, Shawn I., Weelden, Kim Van, Morris, Richard, Madsen, Clifford, Geringer, John, College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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Music education is a predominantly female occupation; however while women dominate the ranks of elementary and choral education they lose representation as grade level increases. In addition sex-role segregation within the field is also evidenced by the domination of males in the areas of instrumental and jazz music education. As with other areas of post-secondary education, females have made gains and now occupy 43% of music faculty positions, however it may be that the males and females...
Show moreMusic education is a predominantly female occupation; however while women dominate the ranks of elementary and choral education they lose representation as grade level increases. In addition sex-role segregation within the field is also evidenced by the domination of males in the areas of instrumental and jazz music education. As with other areas of post-secondary education, females have made gains and now occupy 43% of music faculty positions, however it may be that the males and females have gender specific sex-roles. Due to the specific, gendered nature of voice parts, it may be that applied voice teacher training programs would have an equal distribution of females (sopranos, mezzo-sopranos, contraltos) and males (counter-tenors, tenors, baritone, basses). The distribution of the sexes within the career field may affect hiring practices, promotions, and access to administrative positions thereby mitigating sex inequalities and sex-role biases which exist in other areas of post-secondary education. This study was an initial step investigating biological sex and authority as they relate to applied voice teachers in four-year institutions in the United States. Voice-teaching was found to be a predominantly female occupation with men and women holding a near equal number of full-time professor status positions. Upon closer examination, sex-role stratification within the field may be evidenced. For example, the proportion of males increased as faculty rank increased while the proportion of females decreased as faculty rank increased. There also seemed to be sex-role stratification with regard to specific teaching responsibilities held by males and females. The reasons for these differences are explored.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2009
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-0468
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- The Effects of Music Therapy and Relaxation Prior to Breastfeeding on the Anxiety of New Mothers and the Behavior State of Their Infants during Feeding.
- Creator
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Procelli, Danielle Elizabeth, Standley, Jayne M., Madsen, Clifford, Gregory, Dianne, College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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This study examined the effects of music therapy and relaxation techniques with first time mothers who were breastfeeding. Dependent variables were behavior state of the mother during breastfeeding, behavior state of the infant during breastfeeding, the mother's self-reported perception of anxiety and relaxation during breastfeeding, and the mother's perception of breastfeeding and her use of music one week post discharge. Subjects were sixty (N=60) women who had chosen breastfeeding as their...
Show moreThis study examined the effects of music therapy and relaxation techniques with first time mothers who were breastfeeding. Dependent variables were behavior state of the mother during breastfeeding, behavior state of the infant during breastfeeding, the mother's self-reported perception of anxiety and relaxation during breastfeeding, and the mother's perception of breastfeeding and her use of music one week post discharge. Subjects were sixty (N=60) women who had chosen breastfeeding as their preferred feeding method for their infant. Between 24-48 hours after giving birth to their infant, subjects were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (N=30) who received music therapy prior to breastfeeding or a no music control group (N=30). Results showed a statistically significant difference between the behavior-state of the mothers during their breastfeeding attempt. The experimental group displayed significantly less anxiety-related behaviors and more behaviors associated with relaxation and comfort. There was no significant difference between the behavior-state of the infants during breastfeeding. Data from self-report surveys revealed that mothers in the experimental music group reported feeling significantly more relaxed and less anxious after breastfeeding in the hospital then did the control group. No significant difference was found between groups based on mothers' perceptions of breastfeeding one week post hospital discharge. Additional data were collected for further analysis and implications are discussed.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2005
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-0463
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- First Remembrances of Creative Musical Activity.
- Creator
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Woodward, Gregory A., Madsen, Clifford K., Gaber, Brian, Brewer, Charles, Bowers, Judy, College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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The purpose of this study was to examine creative musical development through a multidisciplinary review of literature and college student metanarratives, which focused on first remembrances of music creativity and developmental events that led to and followed first remembrances. Initial information was gathered through surveys. An interview format was used in order to obtain more in-depth information. The interviewee sample included 20 students at a large university in a southeastern state....
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to examine creative musical development through a multidisciplinary review of literature and college student metanarratives, which focused on first remembrances of music creativity and developmental events that led to and followed first remembrances. Initial information was gathered through surveys. An interview format was used in order to obtain more in-depth information. The interviewee sample included 20 students at a large university in a southeastern state. This group of interviewees included 15 music majors and 5 non-music majors. The music majors were further divided into the following categories: (a) music education, (b) music business, (c) music composition, and (d) Bachelor of Arts in music. All of the interviewees had participated in creative musical activity, and they provided a wide range of ages for their first remembrances of creative musical activity. The age of a first remembrance was partially determined by the student's willingness to label a particular activity with a creative term such as improvisation or composition. This researcher examined creative development through four categories of influence: (a) what are interpretive frameworks for creative development, (b) where and with whom does creativity occur, (c) how does creativity occur, and (d) why does creativity occur. The interviewees' perceptions of past experiences and inner motivation appeared to determine their willingness to create. All of the interviewees appeared to be willing to create music during childhood even though their social contexts often did not promote such activity. During adolescence, some of the interviewees successfully engaged in creative musical activity independently or in a comfortable social setting. Upon reaching adulthood, students who had successfully participated in creative musical activities at the adolescent level continued to do so, but a desire to create appeared to override the absence of past creative experiences. Thus, music creativity appeared to be accessible even for adult students with minimal formal music training, particularly in the form of creative thinking. These students may be willing to think creatively with music or about music if they are shown the importance of music in their identities.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2006
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-0774
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- A Conductor's Guide to the Wind Music of Joseph Schwantner with a Transcription of the Composer's "New Morning for the World".
- Creator
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Pilato, Nikk, Clary, Richard, Jiménez, Alexander, Allen, Michael, Dunnigan, Patrick, Madsen, Clifford, College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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This study is an examination of the music for wind ensemble by Joseph Scwhantner. It is divided into two parts: a transcription of the composer's New Morning for the World (originally for Narrator and Orchestra), and a study of the composer's four original works for winds: ...and the mountains rising nowhere, From a Dark Millennium, In evening's stillness..., and Recoil, with emphasis on guiding the conductor through the many challenges presented by Schwantner's music.
- Date Issued
- 2007
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-0737
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- Experienced Teachers Use of Time in Choral Rehearsals of Beginning and Advanced Choirs.
- Creator
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Arthur, Judy Russell, Bowers, Judy K., Corzine, Michael, Madsen, Clifford K., Thomas, Andre J., Fenton, Kevin, College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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The purpose of this study was to investigate instructional pace by observing choral rehearsals of experienced teachers, describing teacher and student behaviors, and comparing usage of time to multiple descriptions of pacing drawn from the literature. Five teachers were selected based on professional and educational qualifications. Subjects were videotaped in two rehearsals, one regular rehearsal of their beginning choir and advanced choir. Teacher and student behaviors were observed and...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to investigate instructional pace by observing choral rehearsals of experienced teachers, describing teacher and student behaviors, and comparing usage of time to multiple descriptions of pacing drawn from the literature. Five teachers were selected based on professional and educational qualifications. Subjects were videotaped in two rehearsals, one regular rehearsal of their beginning choir and advanced choir. Teacher and student behaviors were observed and recorded in seconds for analysis. Categories of behaviors were developed using existing categories from previous studies as models. Six of the 10 rehearsals used a rehearsal structure that varied familiar with new music, easy with difficult and changed pace frequently (Cox, 1989, Structure C). After behaviors were recorded and analyzed, the beginning choirs showed a mean of 4.5 rehearsal segments (major activity shifts), advanced choirs showed a mean of 3.8 rehearsal segments, and all 10 recorded at least 3 rehearsal segments. The shortest rehearsal segment was 4.6% of the total rehearsal time, and the longest was 49.7%. All observed rehearsals contained examples of faster and slower pacing. Consistent with previous studies, teacher instruction and student performance were the highest recorded behaviors. Mean durations of teacher instruction were 17 and 16 seconds (beginning and advanced) and 26 and 31 seconds of student performance (beginning and advanced). The lowest rate per minute (change of activity) for any rehearsal segment was .75 and the highest rate per minute was 7.7. The mean rate per minute for beginning choirs was 2.94 (teacher) and 3.04 (student). For advanced choirs the mean rate per minute was 3.53 (teacher) and 2.74 (student). Three teachers were more approving than disapproving and ratios of student response to teacher feedback varied widely from 2:1 to 6:1. These results indicate pacing is a complex part of effective teaching and good teachers with classroom experience use fast and slow pacing in rehearsals, suggesting that slow may play an important role in pace within the full rehearsal. Pacing a choral rehearsal is an essential part of a music teacher's repertoire of effective teaching strategies, thus more study is needed. of teacher instruction were 17 and 16 seconds (beginning and advanced) and 26 and 31 seconds of student performance (beginning and advanced). The lowest rate per minute (change of activity) for any rehearsal segment was .75 and the highest rate per minute was 7.7. The mean rate per minute for beginning choirs was 2.94 (teacher) and 3.04 (student). For advanced choirs the mean rate per minute was 3.53 (teacher) and 2.74 (student). Three teachers were more approving than disapproving and ratios of student response to teacher feedback varied widely from 2:1 to 6:1. These results indicate pacing is a complex part of effective teaching and good teachers with classroom experience use fast and slow pacing in rehearsals, suggesting that slow may play an important role in pace within the full rehearsal. Pacing a choral rehearsal is an essential part of a music teacher's repertoire of effective teaching strategies, thus more study is needed.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2002
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-0241
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- The Effect of Individual Music Therapy Sessions on Mood and Motivation for Progress in Physical and Occupational Therapies Among Adult Rehabilitation Patients.
- Creator
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Aultman, Sean C., Standley, Jayne M., Madsen, Clifford K., Gregory, Dianne, College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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The purpose of this investigation was to determine if individual music therapy sessions had an effect on state mood levels and motivation to progress in physical and occupational therapies among adult patients in an inpatient rehabilitation facility. Subjects were referred for music therapy by the facility's rehabilitation therapist or music therapy staff for issues involving depression, anxiety and low motivation in other therapies. All subjects (N=17) served as their own controls and were...
Show moreThe purpose of this investigation was to determine if individual music therapy sessions had an effect on state mood levels and motivation to progress in physical and occupational therapies among adult patients in an inpatient rehabilitation facility. Subjects were referred for music therapy by the facility's rehabilitation therapist or music therapy staff for issues involving depression, anxiety and low motivation in other therapies. All subjects (N=17) served as their own controls and were placed in a pre-test/post-test design with each instance of data collection lasting one week. During the baseline week, the music therapist assessed subjects' mood on at least three separate days. During the treatment week, subjects received at least three individual music therapy sessions that took place in the patients' rooms. Goals included increasing mood, coping skills and quality of life measures as well as decreasing depression and anxiety. Mood was assessed immediately upon concluding each session. The Profile of Mood States – Brief Form (POMS-BF) was used to measure mood while physical therapy and occupational therapy weekly progress scores were used to measure patient motivation. Results of a one-tailed repeated-measures t-test revealed significant improvements in subject POMS-BF, PT and OT scores after receiving a week of individual music therapy sessions. Findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2009
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-0258
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- The Effect of Group Music Therapy Interventions and Individual Music Therapy Interventions on Changes in Depressive Symptoms in Elderly Persons with Dementia in Residential Facilities.
- Creator
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Dobbins, Sharon Rebecca, Standley, Jayne M., Madsen, Clifford K., Gregory, Dianne, College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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The purpose of this study is to determine which form of music therapy sessions, bi-weekly group sessions or weekly individual sessions, is more effective in increasing music participation and decreasing depressive symptoms in elderly persons with dementia in a residential facility environment. The Participants (N=13), were each chosen based on a diagnosis of dementia from two residential facilities in Florida. Participants in group one (N=7) received two 30 minute group music therapy sessions...
Show moreThe purpose of this study is to determine which form of music therapy sessions, bi-weekly group sessions or weekly individual sessions, is more effective in increasing music participation and decreasing depressive symptoms in elderly persons with dementia in a residential facility environment. The Participants (N=13), were each chosen based on a diagnosis of dementia from two residential facilities in Florida. Participants in group one (N=7) received two 30 minute group music therapy sessions twice a week for three weeks, while participants in group 2 (N=6) received a 20 minute individual music therapy session once a week for three weeks. Each group acted as its own control, so data were taken the week prior to treatment as well. The instruments used in this study were a simple on task/off task form to observe participation levels. Participation levels were converted into charts and graphs. Results showed that participation levels were consistently higher in the individual sessions than in group sessions. The researcher used the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD) to observe depressive symptoms. The CSDD was administered four times, at the end of the first week to establish baseline and the following three weeks of music therapy intervention. Data for the CSDD were statistically analyzed using a two-way repeated measure, ANOVA. There were significant differences in both groups on the CSDD between no intervention and the music therapy conditions (F=23.091, df=3,α=.000). However, there was no significant difference between group vs. individual music therapy sessions (F=1.247, df=3, α=.309).
Show less - Date Issued
- 2005
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-0723
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- The Effect of One-to-One Music Therapy on Attitudes, Behaviors, and Body Image Dissatisfaction for University Students with Body Image Issues.
- Creator
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Dinkel, Rachel N., Standley, Jayne M., Madsen, Clifford, Gregory, Diane, College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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Body image, body dissatisfaction, and eating disorders are issues for which more and more people are seeking treatment. Children and adults alike are experiencing these problems in our society, and there are many aspects to body image problems and disordered eating that merit assistance. Research shows that recovery from eating disorders is possible with a variety of interventions, including therapy, counseling, and medication. To date there is little published research about the effects of...
Show moreBody image, body dissatisfaction, and eating disorders are issues for which more and more people are seeking treatment. Children and adults alike are experiencing these problems in our society, and there are many aspects to body image problems and disordered eating that merit assistance. Research shows that recovery from eating disorders is possible with a variety of interventions, including therapy, counseling, and medication. To date there is little published research about the effects of music therapy counseling interventions on eating disorder behaviors and issues. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a variety of music therapy interventions on the amount of self-conscious behaviors observed during one-on-one sessions. Two males and two females participated once per week for six weeks in 30- to 45-minute music therapy sessions consisting of counseling with movement-to-music activities and song writing/lyric analysis activities. Each session was videotaped for observation of self-conscious behaviors. Mean scores of pre- and post-test data as well as observational data were taken over the course of the 6 weeks. Results showed changes in clothes tugging behaviors and body-shifting behaviors at baseline from before and after the application of music and movement. Results showed that overall the participants experienced an increase in positive attitudes and behaviors related to their body image. Also, participants reported positive experiences regarding the study's effect on their body image.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2010
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-0728
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- The Effects of Music Therapy and Deep Breathing on Pain in Patients Recovering from Gynecologic Surgery in the Pacu.
- Creator
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Adams, Kristen S., Standley, Jayne M., Gregory, Dianne, Madsen, Clifford, College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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This study examined the effects of music therapy paired with deep breathing in the PACU. Dependent variables were amount of pain medication administered (measured in morphine equivalents), hospital length of stay, and perceptual data. Subjects were fifty (N=50) women undergoing gynecologic surgery requiring a hospital stay of at least one night. Subjects were randomly assigned to an experimental music group (N=25) or control group (N=25). Results showed no significant differences for pain...
Show moreThis study examined the effects of music therapy paired with deep breathing in the PACU. Dependent variables were amount of pain medication administered (measured in morphine equivalents), hospital length of stay, and perceptual data. Subjects were fifty (N=50) women undergoing gynecologic surgery requiring a hospital stay of at least one night. Subjects were randomly assigned to an experimental music group (N=25) or control group (N=25). Results showed no significant differences for pain medication between groups. The length of hospital stay was significantly shorter for the music group. Subjects in the music group also reported their post-PACU pain levels to be significantly lower than the control group. Further results and implications are discussed.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2005
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-0042
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- The Effect of Conducting on Ensemble Performance: A "Best-Evidence" Synthesis.
- Creator
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Acklin, Amy I., Madsen, Clifford K., Jiménez, Alexander, Clary, Richard, Dunnigan, Patrick, Kelly, Steven N., College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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The first purpose of this study was to provide an overview of experimental and descriptive research lines within the field of conducting. The findings of this literature search reflect the tremendous growth of inquiries and findings since the 1970's (Ostling, 1976). Research studies were broadly categorized into two overarching themes: conducting competencies and conducting pedagogy. Lines within conducting competencies included: 1) nonverbal communication, 2) perception studies, and 3)...
Show moreThe first purpose of this study was to provide an overview of experimental and descriptive research lines within the field of conducting. The findings of this literature search reflect the tremendous growth of inquiries and findings since the 1970's (Ostling, 1976). Research studies were broadly categorized into two overarching themes: conducting competencies and conducting pedagogy. Lines within conducting competencies included: 1) nonverbal communication, 2) perception studies, and 3) teacher/conductor effectiveness. Conducting pedagogy revealed studies in 1) methodology, 2) physical/aural skill development, and 3) conducting technology. The second purpose of this study was to examine the effect of conducting on ensemble performance through the meta-analytic techniques of "best-evidence synthesis." Developed by Robert Slavin (1986), this process compares similar studies through the common statistical metric of effect size. Results can then be discussed for practical applications in the relative terms of small effect size: d = .2; medium effect size: d = .5; and large effect size: d = .8 (Cohen, 1977). Twenty-three studies, divided into five categories, met the inclusion criteria. Results from studies examining expressive versus nonexpressive conducting on the impact of ensemble sound were mixed. While some research suggested that expressive conducting only influences listener perceptions, other research indicated that specific conducting gestures do, in fact, shape the sound of an ensemble. Results also suggested a positive and large effect size in the area of conducting-gesture instruction with young ensembles. Other studies examined the effect of conducting in combination with verbal and modeling rehearsal techniques. Conducting gestures were effective, but only within a combination of other rehearsal techniques, suggesting that many skills define conductor competencies. Lastly, studies were examined to explore the synchronization between conductor and ensemble members. Results suggest that musicians with previous conducting experience maintain steadier tempi while following a conductor than musicians without conducting training.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2009
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-0110
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- An Exploration of Potential Factors Affecting Persistence to Degree Completion in Undergraduate Music Teacher Education Students.
- Creator
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Gavin, Russell Bonner, Fredrickson, William E., Bish, Deborah, Kelly, Steven N., Madsen, Clifford K., College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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The purpose of this study was to examine the withdrawal rates and patterns of undergraduate Music Education majors, with a specific focus on the individual experiences of students withdrawing from the major. In examining these experiences, the potential for identification of possible commonalities among withdrawn students was explored. The overall subject population (N = 1103) consisted of students enrolled in the undergraduate Music Education program at a large southeastern university...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to examine the withdrawal rates and patterns of undergraduate Music Education majors, with a specific focus on the individual experiences of students withdrawing from the major. In examining these experiences, the potential for identification of possible commonalities among withdrawn students was explored. The overall subject population (N = 1103) consisted of students enrolled in the undergraduate Music Education program at a large southeastern university between the years of 1995 and 2010. A mixed-methods approach consisting of a quantitative analysis of students enrolled in the Music Education major for a 10-year period from 1995 to 2005 (n = 868) and a qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews of recently withdrawn students (n = 14) were identified from the total population. Results from the quantitative portion of the study indicated that approximately half of the student population enrolled in the Music Education major withdrew from that major prior to degree completion. These results also indicated that degree completion rates varied according to the specific Music Education track, with students majoring in Music Education – General completing the degree at the highest rate, followed by Music Education – Choral and Music Education – Instrumental, respectively. Results of the qualitative portion of the study on subjects' pre-college experiences found commonalities in their enjoyment of music performance, opportunities to teach, and the impact of school music teachers. Subjects' experiences during college were diverse, with concerns focusing on the applied music component of the degree surfacing as being important to a majority of interviewees. The reasons given for withdrawal from the Music Education program were also diverse, including dismissal from the applied music studio, erosion of personal confidence as a musician, realizations about their feelings towards music versus their feelings about teaching in general as it related to their personal career goals, and finally, personal life issues. Following withdrawal from Music Education, student experiences showed no consistent pattern in terms of regret over their decision to leave Music Education, though all interviewed subjects reported that they remained actively involved in music in some way. Implications of these results are discussed in relation to individual experiences and the function of those experiences within the context of current models of student persistence.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2010
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-0134
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- The Effect of Playbased Music Therapy on the Motor and Communication Skills with a Child with Partial Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum.
- Creator
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Albright, Jessica P., Standley, Jayne M., Madsen, Clifford K., Gregory, Dianne, College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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The purpose of this case study was to examine the effect of playbased music therapy on the motor and communication skills with a child with partial agenesis of the corpus callosum. The subject participated in 30 minute playbased music therapy sessions three times a week for three months. Data were collected using the Developmental Assessment of Young Children as a pretest and posttest over the same three month time period. Additionally, free text documentation notes and a checklist of...
Show moreThe purpose of this case study was to examine the effect of playbased music therapy on the motor and communication skills with a child with partial agenesis of the corpus callosum. The subject participated in 30 minute playbased music therapy sessions three times a week for three months. Data were collected using the Developmental Assessment of Young Children as a pretest and posttest over the same three month time period. Additionally, free text documentation notes and a checklist of targeted skills with corresponding attempts and skill achievement was completed after each music therapy session. Results indicate that the subject showed significant improvement. On the pretest and posttest the subject improved 12.29% on the communication standard score and 5.29% on the motor standard score, from a one to a four in the communication percentile and from a four to a six in the motor percentile, from 24 months to 31 months in the communication age equivalent and from 28 to 33 months in the motor age equivalent. There were no changes in the pretest and posttest in communication for rating as the subject stayed in the poor level, with a standard score of 70-79. For the pretest and posttest in motor the subject moved from the very poor level, standard score of 70 and below, to the poor level standard score of 70-79. Results in the month to month comparison for communication show correlations in positive directions for times attempted versus improvement in emergent verbalization in month one (r= 0.829), in month two (r= 0.698), and in month three (r= 0.864). For times attempted versus improvement for communication gestures the correlations were moderate in month one (r= 0.654) and, in month two (r= 0.485). In month three, eight out of 27 items attempted were improved. Functional assisted verbalization was used one time during the experiment and six items out of 26 items attempted improved. Small improvement was seen in functional verbalizations in month one in two out of 26 items, one out of 29 items in month two, and four out of 27 items in month three. The subject perfected the verbalization of two words in month two and six words in month three. The month to month comparison for motor skills show moderate to strong correlations in positive directions in times attempted versus improvement in month one (r= 0.642), in month two (r= 0.839), and in month three (r= 0.718). This study demonstrates the first known music therapy results with an individual with partial agenesis of the corpus callosum. These findings support the theory that music would benefit neurologic development and demonstrate a need for further music therapy investigations with individuals with partial or full agenesis of the corpus callosum.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2011
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-0159
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- Band Director Reflection on Change from Student Teaching Through the Initial Years of Teaching.
- Creator
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Arnold, Gabriel, Kelly, Steven N., Drew, John Robert, Madsen, Clifford K., Fredrickson, William E., Dunnigan, Patrick, Florida State University, College of Music
- Abstract/Description
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The purpose of this investigation was to understand how teachers' perceptions of how they changed during the initial years of teaching. Three middle and three high school teachers viewed thirty minutes of their internship video and answered seven open-ended teacher related questions during a telephone interview. All participants had at least three years of teaching experience, and represented North, Central, and South Florida. After the telephone interviews, the researcher transcribed the...
Show moreThe purpose of this investigation was to understand how teachers' perceptions of how they changed during the initial years of teaching. Three middle and three high school teachers viewed thirty minutes of their internship video and answered seven open-ended teacher related questions during a telephone interview. All participants had at least three years of teaching experience, and represented North, Central, and South Florida. After the telephone interviews, the researcher transcribed the conversations which served as the principal data used in this study. Findings indicated that participants changed the most in dealing with classroom management, diagnosing and fixing classroom pedagogical tasks, and confidence in their teaching ability. Additionally, the directors had changed by performing administrative tasks more efficiently. Directors also suggested that preservice teachers could develop into effective teachers by participating in real-life teaching activities before and during the student internship.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016
- Identifier
- FSU_2016SP_Arnold_fsu_0071E_13299
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- The Power of Creation Through Cultural Education: Identity and Musical Agency within the Educational and Cultural Association Didá.
- Creator
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Flood, Margaret J., Madsen, Clifford K., Kelly, Steven N., VanWeelden, Kimberly, College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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This qualitative research study explores the notions of identity and musical agency within the Educational and Cultural Association Didá in the city of Salvador da Bahia, Brazil. The organization consists of a school of music for underprivileged women and children within the poor neighborhoods of the city. It is a social project existing in one of the poorest and most conservative cities in Brazil and has had significant success in keeping women and children off the streets and out of trouble...
Show moreThis qualitative research study explores the notions of identity and musical agency within the Educational and Cultural Association Didá in the city of Salvador da Bahia, Brazil. The organization consists of a school of music for underprivileged women and children within the poor neighborhoods of the city. It is a social project existing in one of the poorest and most conservative cities in Brazil and has had significant success in keeping women and children off the streets and out of trouble. The researcher uses the ideas and educational theory of Paulo Freire to explore the Educational and Cultural Association Didá. Intertwined within this framework, the researcher writes of aspects of identity including gender identity, behavioral aspects of identity, education, racial identity, and social identity. The researcher defines and describes the notion of musical agency and how it is created and reflected within practices of the organization. Two case studies of two adult female members of Projeto Didá are included. The researcher has followed qualitative research methods used by ethnomusicologists including observations, participant observation, journal fieldnotes, interviews, and audio and visual documentation.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2007
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-4435
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- Listener Perceptions of Selected Emotions Portrayed by Singing.
- Creator
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Braden, Alexander H., Geringer, John M., Madsen, Clifford K., Gregory, Sarah Dianne, Florida State University, College of Music, College of Music
- Abstract/Description
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The purpose of this study was to observe people's perception of portrayed emotion in singing, and if emotion intensity influences perception of emotion. Participants, who were undergraduate non-music majors (N = 39), took part in in a music listening study to choose which emotion they heard, and the perceived intensity of the emotion. The participants listened to original music compositions created by the author, referencing previously researched original melodies and using a meaningless,...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to observe people's perception of portrayed emotion in singing, and if emotion intensity influences perception of emotion. Participants, who were undergraduate non-music majors (N = 39), took part in in a music listening study to choose which emotion they heard, and the perceived intensity of the emotion. The participants listened to original music compositions created by the author, referencing previously researched original melodies and using a meaningless, fabricated language used in speech research for the lyrics, recorded by undergraduate music majors. Results indicate that certain emotions, primarily sadness and contempt, are more accurately and readily perceived than other emotions. Other portrayed emotions, joy and love, had a moderately high percent of responses, but were not significantly different than other responses for those portrayals. The intensity of the emotion appears to have a small correlation to the accurate perception of emotion. While further research into emotion portrayal and perception through singing is still needed, the findings suggest that certain modalities of emotion are more easily identified than others. Music therapists working in fields which focus on emotion regulation and perception could use this research to further improve interventions to help patients and clients better to portray their emotions, understand how people interpret emotions differently, and more effective ways to portray emotion.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2015
- Identifier
- FSU_2015fall_Braden_fsu_0071N_12976
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- Effects of Teacher Approval and Disapproval of Music and Performance Familiarity on Middle School Students' Music Preference.
- Creator
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Droe, Kevin Lee, Geringer, John M., Meighan, Patrick, Madsen, Clifford K., Dunnigan, Patrick, Kelly, Steven N., College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of approvals and disapprovals about the music from the teacher and rehearsal familiarity on the students' preference for the music. Eight middle schools participated in the study with students (N = 440) ranging from sixth to eighth grade. Each of the eight schools was assigned a different treatment condition. Teachers were given either one or two pieces to rehearse with their most advanced level band while giving treatment comments ...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of approvals and disapprovals about the music from the teacher and rehearsal familiarity on the students' preference for the music. Eight middle schools participated in the study with students (N = 440) ranging from sixth to eighth grade. Each of the eight schools was assigned a different treatment condition. Teachers were given either one or two pieces to rehearse with their most advanced level band while giving treatment comments (approval, disapproval, or instruction only) that were provided in a score. Teachers rehearsed the piece(s) for a total of five rehearsals. After the fifth rehearsal, students were given a listening survey to rate their preference for six examples of band music including the two pieces that were used in the study. Students also rated their preference for performing the treatment pieces and were ask to choose one for possible performance. The results of this study indicate that the treatment conditions had a significant effect on both listening and performance preferences. Approval was not significantly different than instruction only or no experience, but significantly different than disapproval in both pieces. The approval condition increased the students' reported music preference more than the disapproval condition. Students who experienced the music through rehearsal rated the music significantly higher than music that was not rehearsed. In cases where both treatment pieces were rehearsed in class, students tended to have the same amount of preference for both pieces, regardless of treatment. Results of this study could be useful to music educators to increase student preference for music performed in class and to improve the music classroom experience. Future research should incorporate actual concert music and include concert performance as a factor that influences music preference.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2005
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-0663
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- Parkinson's Disease: A Neurologic Description and Music Therapy Clinical Curriculum.
- Creator
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Davis, Mary-Margaret Peyton, Standley, Jayne M., Darrow, Alice-Ann, Madsen, Clifford, College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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Music therapy is an established healthcare profession with evidence-based, adaptive therapeutic applications providing a unique and valued role within the neurologic healthcare setting. Neuroscientific research in music is giving rise to new ideas, perspectives, and methods for the music therapy development of more effective therapeutic interventions for persons living with Parkinson's disease. Research in music therapy and in other areas such as neuroscience, physical, speech, and...
Show moreMusic therapy is an established healthcare profession with evidence-based, adaptive therapeutic applications providing a unique and valued role within the neurologic healthcare setting. Neuroscientific research in music is giving rise to new ideas, perspectives, and methods for the music therapy development of more effective therapeutic interventions for persons living with Parkinson's disease. Research in music therapy and in other areas such as neuroscience, physical, speech, and occupational therapy have established scientific evidence supporting the effect of rhythmic and musical stimulation on motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism. The contemporary music therapy neuroscience approach integrates the functional use of external rhythmic cueing and other music-based methods with a variety of research supported strategies to enhance the quality of life for the individual living with Parkinson's. This thesis provide a complete literature review, detailed description of Parkinson's disease and its symptoms, and an evidence-based music therapy curriculum for clinical treatment of this population. In fall 2008, a music therapy clinical pilot program was created and developed as a community outreach for persons living with Parkinson's disease. Music therapy curriculum evolved from this program which is currently on-going with a weekly consistent attendance. This music therapy clinical movement program entails a progression of simple to more complex movement initiations utilizing musical stimuli and external auditory cueing applied to a range of motor activities implemented at a specific number of beats per minute (BPM). Evidence-based activities include specific stretches and exercises to decrease rigidity, increase joint mobility, decrease bradykinesia and akinesia of gait initiation, and positively enhance mood. Motor-neuro exercises from the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) are also utilized. Patient preferred music is used to increase motivation to perform activity while improving fine motor coordination and motor initiation responses. Initial simple to complex movement patterns to specific rhythmic stimuli progress to structured ballroom dancing and adapted line dancing.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2010
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-0805
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- The Effect of Music Therapy on the Spirituality of Persons in an In-Patient Hospice Unit as Measured by Self-Report.
- Creator
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Wlodarczyk, Natalie, Standley, Jayne M., Madsen, Clifford K., Gregory, Dianne, College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of music therapy on the spirituality of persons in an in-patient hospice unit as measured by self-report. Subjects (N=10) were used as their own control in an ABAB design format. Session A consisted of approximately 30 minutes of music therapy, after which the patient/subject responded to a spiritual well-being questionnaire; session B consisted of approximately 30 minutes of a non-music visit, after which the patient/subject responded to...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of music therapy on the spirituality of persons in an in-patient hospice unit as measured by self-report. Subjects (N=10) were used as their own control in an ABAB design format. Session A consisted of approximately 30 minutes of music therapy, after which the patient/subject responded to a spiritual well-being questionnaire; session B consisted of approximately 30 minutes of a non-music visit, after which the patient/subject responded to a spiritual well-being questionnaire. The spiritual well-being questionnaire used in this study is an 18-item, religiously non-specific, self-report questionnaire using a Likert Scale of six degrees adapted from the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (Ellison & Paloutzian, 1982). All subjects gave written consent prior to participation in the study. Data results were graphically and statistically analyzed after four visits and four spiritual well-being questionnaires were completed for each subject. Results indicate a statistically significant increase in scores on music days.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2003
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-0883
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- The Effect of Music Therapy and Psychoeducation versus Psychoeducation for Mainstreaming Mental Health Patients into Society.
- Creator
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Pierce, James Wallace, Standley, Jayne M., Madsen, Clifford, Gregory, Dianne, College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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This study examined the effects of music therapy with a psychoeducation curriculum with 40 heterogeneously diagnosed adult psychiatric patients. This study used two pre/posttests, Life Skills Attitude Questionnaire (LSA) and Community Living Competencies evaluation (CLC) and subjects? perceptions of sessions as indicated by the Session Evaluation and Response Sheet (SERS). Scores on the LSA and CLC were found to be significant between groups using a Mann-Whitney U statistic test. Future...
Show moreThis study examined the effects of music therapy with a psychoeducation curriculum with 40 heterogeneously diagnosed adult psychiatric patients. This study used two pre/posttests, Life Skills Attitude Questionnaire (LSA) and Community Living Competencies evaluation (CLC) and subjects? perceptions of sessions as indicated by the Session Evaluation and Response Sheet (SERS). Scores on the LSA and CLC were found to be significant between groups using a Mann-Whitney U statistic test. Future research implications are discussed.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2004
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-0811
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- A Replication of a Concise Emotional Inventory for an Adolescent Population.
- Creator
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Bailey, Christopher D., Madsen, Clifford, Standley, Jayne M., Fredrickson, William, Darrow, Alice-Ann, College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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Adolescent emotions are constantly changing as new life experiences and freedoms begin to emerge from daily life activity. This study investigated the emotional attribution patterns of adolescents using a concise emotional inventory. The concise emotional inventory used in this study was taken from an original study conducted by Madsen, Madsen, and Madsen (2009) which assessed the emotional attribution patterns of college-aged students. The researcher modified the concise emotional inventory...
Show moreAdolescent emotions are constantly changing as new life experiences and freedoms begin to emerge from daily life activity. This study investigated the emotional attribution patterns of adolescents using a concise emotional inventory. The concise emotional inventory used in this study was taken from an original study conducted by Madsen, Madsen, and Madsen (2009) which assessed the emotional attribution patterns of college-aged students. The researcher modified the concise emotional inventory by changing questions to better suit the adolescent population. This slightly modified scale was then used with adolescents. The scale consisted of twenty three questions and each question was answered using an 11 point Likert scale. The scale on the inventory appeared as -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, covering a range from negative through positive response. The inventory concluded with a section that allowed each participant to organize their highest and lowest scores, analyze them, and determine if any further actions or improvements were necessary. In the present study, comparisons were made with sixth- through twelfth-grade students at a large school in Northern Florida (N = 250). Comparisons from the results of the present study and results from the original study (Madsen, Madsen, and Madsen, 2009), indicated that there were in general many similarities and several differences between the emotional states of adolescents compared to college-age students. Results of the current study indicated that when participants were asked to rate their current emotional state "this morning," participants displayed the lowest mean. Also, where participants were asked to rate their current emotional state regarding "future schooling," participants displayed the highest mean. Adolescent participants were able to recognize and analyze emotional attribution as well as determine if the results were trivial or consequential. Suggestions for beneficial uses of the instrument by educators and mental health professionals are discussed.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2011
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-0898
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- The Effects of Contingent Lullaby Music on Parent-Infant Interaction and Amount of Infant Crying in the First Six Weeks of Life.
- Creator
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Robertson, Amy Marie Cermak, Standley, Jayne M., Holzman, Bruce, Madsen, Clifford K., Geringer, John M., Florida State University, College of Music
- Abstract/Description
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a contingent live music intervention on full term infants’ amount of crying and parent-infant interaction in the first six weeks of life. Subjects (N = 65) were parent-infant dyads who were randomly assigned to either a no-contact control or experimental treatment group. The researcher wrote an original lullaby with each mother in the experimental group and gave instructions as to how to use the lullaby as reinforcement for infant quiet,...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a contingent live music intervention on full term infants’ amount of crying and parent-infant interaction in the first six weeks of life. Subjects (N = 65) were parent-infant dyads who were randomly assigned to either a no-contact control or experimental treatment group. The researcher wrote an original lullaby with each mother in the experimental group and gave instructions as to how to use the lullaby as reinforcement for infant quiet, non-crying behavior. All subjects participated in an assessment for infant crying behaviors once a week for six weeks as well as a six-week follow up video of parent-infant interaction. Infant crying behavior was measured by recording the total number of minutes each infant cried one day a week for six weeks. Parent-infant interaction was measured by observation using the LoTTS Parent-Infant Interaction Coding Scale (Beatty, Stacks, Partridge, Tzilos, Loree, & Ondersma, 2011). All participants were asked to complete a Value of Music survey, and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (Cox, Holden, & Sagovsky, 1987). All subjects in the experimental group were assessed once a week for six weeks for total number of times the contingent music was used. Results indicated that training in the contingent music intervention significantly reduced infant crying duration while increasing mother-infant interaction behaviors for mothers in the experimental group. Analysis by demographic variables such as mother parity, socioeconomic status, and marital status showed no significant group differences on infant crying or interaction scores despite the body of research showing these variables usually affect the quality of caregiver/infant involvement and attachment. Mothers that used the contingent music intervention were more motivated to sing and valued the use of music with their infants more than did mothers in the control group. The outcomes of this study warrant the need for further research on additional benefits of decreased crying time on the infant/caregiver relationship including infant sleep time and caregiver stress.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2017
- Identifier
- FSU_SUMMER2017_Robertson_fsu_0071E_13995
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- The Long-Term Effect of Music Therapy on Nurses' Self-Perceived Stress Levels.
- Creator
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Steele, Erica D. (Erica Danielle), Standley, Jayne M., Gregory, Sarah Dianne, Madsen, Clifford K., Florida State University, College of Music, College of Music
- Abstract/Description
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The purpose of this study was to explore the long-term effect of music therapy intervention (in this case, progressive muscle relaxation) on the self-perceived stress levels of nurses compared to nurses not receiving the intervention. Forty-Six participants, who were Registered Nurses on the Oncology units of a hospital, took part in a relaxation study in which their perceived stress levels were recorded on a Likert type scale. Participants were placed in one of two groups: the progressive...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to explore the long-term effect of music therapy intervention (in this case, progressive muscle relaxation) on the self-perceived stress levels of nurses compared to nurses not receiving the intervention. Forty-Six participants, who were Registered Nurses on the Oncology units of a hospital, took part in a relaxation study in which their perceived stress levels were recorded on a Likert type scale. Participants were placed in one of two groups: the progressive muscle relaxation group (PMR), or the control group in which nurses received no relaxation intervention (NR). Results indicated that participants in the NR group or control group had no significant changes in their stress levels over a 12 hour shift period. The PMR group, or intervention group, had significant indications in relaxation between the second stress survey, given prior to the intervention, and the third stress survey given immediately following the progressive muscle relaxation intervention. After a period of 3 hours, the PMR group showed no significant increases or decreases in relaxation between the third and fourth stress survey, indicating the intervention maintained a relaxation effect after a long-term period of time. Correlations between stress and patient care, as well as, stress and job satisfaction were also identified within and between groups. These findings provide evidence of a long-term relaxation effect on stress levels through the use of music therapy intervention and also provide support for the implementation of music therapy intervention for increased medical staff support and well-being.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018
- Identifier
- 2018_Sp_Steele_fsu_0071N_14356
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- Current Perceptions of Gender Bias in Music Therapy.
- Creator
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Puhr, Kevin, Standley, Jayne M., Gregory, Sarah Dianne, Madsen, Clifford K., Florida State University, College of Music, College of Music
- Abstract/Description
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There has been much research conducted to determine the effects of gender bias in healthcare fields such as nursing. However, there has been very little research on this subject done in the field of music therapy. This study attempts to identify the status of gender bias in the field of music therapy. Participants in this study were board certified music therapists currently working (or who have worked) in the field in the United States. This survey included responses from N=560 Board...
Show moreThere has been much research conducted to determine the effects of gender bias in healthcare fields such as nursing. However, there has been very little research on this subject done in the field of music therapy. This study attempts to identify the status of gender bias in the field of music therapy. Participants in this study were board certified music therapists currently working (or who have worked) in the field in the United States. This survey included responses from N=560 Board Certified Music Therapists. Results demonstrated that there was evidence and report of gender bias affecting music therapists (across all genders) working in the field in multiple aspects of their professional life. Gender bias was perceived at much higher rates among males and individuals who identified as non-binary then among females. Despite experiencing bias, the majority of MT-BCs reported having confidence in treating clients with gender differences.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018
- Identifier
- 2018_Su_Puhr_fsu_0071N_14800
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- Old Time Fiddling in Florida: Implications for Music Education.
- Creator
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Ivey, Aisha Suzanne, Madsen, Clifford K., Holzman, Bruce, Geringer, John M., Bugaj, Kasia, Darrow, Alice-Ann, Florida State University, College of Music
- Abstract/Description
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Florida has a rich history of traditional old time fiddling and the fiddle was the most popular musical instrument among early pioneers in Florida. Fiddlers were revered members of the community, often playing for social dances called frolics. Slaves that were brought from Africa mingled with settlers from Western Europe in the Southeastern United States, their different fiddle styles blending into a new genre of music that incorporated aspects of both cultures. Dances on plantations served...
Show moreFlorida has a rich history of traditional old time fiddling and the fiddle was the most popular musical instrument among early pioneers in Florida. Fiddlers were revered members of the community, often playing for social dances called frolics. Slaves that were brought from Africa mingled with settlers from Western Europe in the Southeastern United States, their different fiddle styles blending into a new genre of music that incorporated aspects of both cultures. Dances on plantations served as one of the few places where whites and African Americans socialized together. Fiddlers also played at home with their families, sharing music across generations. After the development of radio, musicians would often perform as part of live radio shows and record companies produced old time music recordings featuring fiddlers that influenced musicians near and far. Contests became popular after Henry Ford began promoting traditional dance and fiddling in the 1920s and 1930s and cities across Florida held contests or fiddlers conventions as part of community celebrations. The Future Farmers of America sponsored string bands which often included a fiddle player in the 1950s. The Florida Folk Festival has promoted traditional music and dance, featuring many fiddlers since its beginning in 1953. The Florida State Fiddlers Association holds the official state fiddle contest every year along with an annual convention that brings musicians together from all around the region. Further incorporation of traditional music in the curriculum could offer multiple advantages, including creating a more equitable learning experience for students.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2019
- Identifier
- 2019_Spring_Ivey_fsu_0071E_14989
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- Effects of Different Instrumental Accompaniment on the Intonation of High School and Collegiate Violinists, Violists, and Cellists.
- Creator
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Zabanal, John Rine Anacito, Geringer, John M., Holzman, Bruce, Bugaj, Kasia, Madsen, Clifford K., Thrasher, Michael, Florida State University, College of Music
- Abstract/Description
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different instrumental accompaniments on the intonation of violinists, violists, and cellists in a melodic context. The following questions guided this research: (1) Are there differences in tuning accuracy of melodic content between accompanied and unaccompanied conditions among string musicians? (2) Are there differences in tuning accuracy of melodic content between accompaniment octaves? (3) Are there differences in intonation...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different instrumental accompaniments on the intonation of violinists, violists, and cellists in a melodic context. The following questions guided this research: (1) Are there differences in tuning accuracy of melodic content between accompanied and unaccompanied conditions among string musicians? (2) Are there differences in tuning accuracy of melodic content between accompaniment octaves? (3) Are there differences in intonation accuracy between string, oboe, and piano accompaniments? (4) Are there differences between the number of flat, sharp, and in-tune responses of participants? (5) Are there differences in string musician preferences between accompaniment types? (6) Are string musicians’ self-perceptions of tuning accuracy associated with performed pitch accuracy? (7) Are there differences between age and experience of participants in intonation accuracy with various accompaniment types? Performances of Frère Jacques were recorded by a cellist, oboist, pianist, and a violinist to serve as accompaniment stimuli for the study. Additionally, a questionnaire was created to measure preferences for accompaniment, perceptions of tuning accuracy, and collect background information of participants. The participants (N = 103) were high school (n = 60) and collegiate (n = 43) violinists (n = 55), violists (n = 22), and cellists (n = 26). Participants performed an excerpt of Frère Jacques in Eb major in five conditions: with a cello accompaniment, oboe accompaniment, piano accompaniment, violin accompaniment, and as a solo. Absolute cent deviation from the tonic, mediant, subdominant, and dominant scale degrees were collected from each participant for analysis. A significant main effect of intonation was found for accompaniment conditions. Participants performed more in tune with the cello, oboe, and violin accompaniments than with the solo. Additionally, they performed more in tune with the oboe accompaniment than with the piano accompaniment. The octave of accompaniment and instrument performed also did not appear to affect intonation. A significant main effect was found between high school and college participants. High school participants performed with less pitch acuity than college participants. An additional significant main effect was found between the deviations of analyzed notes. The Ab (subdominant) had significantly higher mean cent deviation than the Eb (tonic) and Bb (dominant). No differences were found between instruments performed and no interactions between variables were found. Participants demonstrated a propensity to perform with sharp intonation. Sharp responses occurred more frequently than in-tune (defined as ±6 cents) and flat responses with high school participants. Additionally, performances with the oboe accompaniment produced more in-tune responses than other conditions. In-tune responses occurred more frequently with collegiate participants; however, sharp responses occurred more frequently than flat responses. Performances with the oboe accompaniment also produced the most frequent flat responses as well as the lowest number of sharp responses. Questionnaire responses indicated that participants preferred to perform with the string accompaniments more than the non-string accompaniments. Participants least preferred to perform with the oboe accompaniment compared to the other accompaniments. A significant main effect was found in participants’ rating of their perceived intonation accuracy between conditions. Although participants rated their intonation as highest with the cello, their performances did not reflect this perception. A significant main effect was also found between the levels of participants. High school participants rated their intonation lower than college participants. No significant main effect was found between instrumental groups and no significant interactions were found. A moderate positive correlation was found between participants’ perception of their intonation and their actual performance of intonation with the violin accompaniment. Additionally, a weak positive correlation was found for the cello accompaniment and the solo condition. Participants’ rating of their perceived intonation correlated positively to the actual pitch accuracy for the string accompaniments and solo condition while no associations were found for non-string accompaniments.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2019
- Identifier
- 2019_Spring_Zabanal_fsu_0071E_15129
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- An Original Band Composition: Including a Guide for Creating Instructional Materials Based on Performance Literature.
- Creator
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Wilson, Chandler L. (Chandler LeRoy), Clary, Richard, Anderson, Leon, Dunnigan, Patrick, Madsen, Clifford K., Florida State University, College of Music
- Abstract/Description
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The purpose of this project was to create an original band composition, a five-movement suite, for upper high school and university-level ensembles that would provide students, teachers, and audiences an enjoyable experience. Along with the composition, Suite Forty-four, a series of exercises that present musical concepts from the first four movements of the work is also included. These exercises consist of warm-ups, melodic exercises, harmonic studies, articulation studies, rhythmic studies,...
Show moreThe purpose of this project was to create an original band composition, a five-movement suite, for upper high school and university-level ensembles that would provide students, teachers, and audiences an enjoyable experience. Along with the composition, Suite Forty-four, a series of exercises that present musical concepts from the first four movements of the work is also included. These exercises consist of warm-ups, melodic exercises, harmonic studies, articulation studies, rhythmic studies, style exercises with dynamics, intonation, and meter studies that are specific to each of the first four movements, and in some cases to the suite as a whole.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2019
- Identifier
- 2019_Spring_Wilson_fsu_0071E_15179
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- The Effect of Song Key Upon the Perceived and Observed Relaxation of Collegiate Students Balanced by Gender and Major.
- Creator
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Clanton, Melissa S., Standley, Jayne M., Madsen, Clifford K., Gregory, Dianne G., College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the observable behaviors and perceptions of participants receiving music therapy for relaxation based upon the key of sung music (high range or low range). Qualifying participants consisted of current collegiate students (N=64) randomly selected by gender and major. Participants were divided into an experimental (N=32) and control (N=32) design and each were given a pre test and a post test designed to measure the participant's perception of...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the observable behaviors and perceptions of participants receiving music therapy for relaxation based upon the key of sung music (high range or low range). Qualifying participants consisted of current collegiate students (N=64) randomly selected by gender and major. Participants were divided into an experimental (N=32) and control (N=32) design and each were given a pre test and a post test designed to measure the participant's perception of relaxation by a Likert scale of one to ten before and after hearing the provided music (see Appendices C and D). Each session was video recorded in order to obtain analyses of observed behaviors as measured by a timed analysis of behaviors developed by the researcher based upon guidelines recommended by Madsen and Madsen (1981) (see Appendix E). Participants agreed to participate in the study and consented for session to be recorded by video. Scores were analyzed with t-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA) formats by group (experimental high and control low), gender, and major (music major or non-music major) according to pre test perceptions of relaxation, post test perception of relaxation, likeliness to sleep with music as measured by a Likert scale, and mean percentage of relaxation as measured by timed analysis of behaviors. No significant differences were found between groups (experimental high or control low) or gender. Music majors displayed a significant increase of relaxation over all. The experimental high group displayed a significant increase of relaxation as measured by post test perceptions of relaxation.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2008
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-3598
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- The Effects of Music Relaxation Techniques on Stress Levels of Day Treatment Clients.
- Creator
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Boon, Julie Ann, Standley, Jayne M., Madsen, Clifford, Gregory, Dianne, College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in relaxation between subjects participating in music relaxation techniques (n=14) and subjects participating in their daily group sessions (n=13). Subjects consisted of 15 male and 12 female subjects assigned to one of the two groups mentioned above. Measurements of perceived anxiety and relaxation were taken by means of the State form of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory, a Visual Analogue Scale and a questionnaire written by the...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in relaxation between subjects participating in music relaxation techniques (n=14) and subjects participating in their daily group sessions (n=13). Subjects consisted of 15 male and 12 female subjects assigned to one of the two groups mentioned above. Measurements of perceived anxiety and relaxation were taken by means of the State form of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory, a Visual Analogue Scale and a questionnaire written by the researcher. The experimental group used music with relaxation techniques such as Tense Release, Autogenic Training, Yoga Meditation, Passive Relaxation and Mindfulness Breathing exercises. Music was selected on the basis of being slow, quiet, non-vocal and/or claiming to be effective in relaxation. While the experimenter hypothesized subjects in the experimental group would show an increase in relaxation, there were no significant differences found between the two groups. Further study may develop more appropriate relaxation techniques useful to people with mental illnesses.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2004
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-3539
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- The Effect of Live Music on Anxiety Levels of Persons Waiting in a Surgical Waiting Room as Measured by Self-Report.
- Creator
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Jarred, Jennifer D., Standley, Jayne M., Madsen, Clifford K., Gregory, Dianne, College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of live music on anxiety levels in persons waiting in a surgical waiting room as measured by self-report. One hundred ninety-two (192) subjects over the age of 18 and waiting in a surgical waiting room participated in one of three groups: the direct music group (N = 62), the indirect music group (N = 59), or the control group (N = 71). Subjects in the direct music group were encouraged to request songs during approximately 20 minutes of...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to determine the effects of live music on anxiety levels in persons waiting in a surgical waiting room as measured by self-report. One hundred ninety-two (192) subjects over the age of 18 and waiting in a surgical waiting room participated in one of three groups: the direct music group (N = 62), the indirect music group (N = 59), or the control group (N = 71). Subjects in the direct music group were encouraged to request songs during approximately 20 minutes of live music and then asked to provide demographic data and to indicate their anxiety, stress, worry, relaxation and enjoyment levels, and to indicate the extent to which music helped their wait on a Visual Analog Scale. Subjects in the indirect music group were in the room for approximately 20 minutes of live music requested by the direct music group but had no control over music provision. They were asked the same questions, with the addition of whether or not they heard the music. Both groups were also asked if live music was a service the hospital should offer. Subjects in the control group received no live music during their wait in the surgical waiting room and were asked demographic data and to indicate their anxiety, stress, worry, and relaxation levels on a Visual Analog Scale. Results indicated no significant differences in anxiety, stress, and worry levels among the three groups. Subjects in the direct and indirect music groups indicated significantly greater relaxation levels than did the control group. Subjects in the direct music group indicated significantly greater enjoyment than the indirect music group. All subjects who answered the question of whether live music was a service the hospital should offer responded "yes".
Show less - Date Issued
- 2003
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-3550
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- The Effects of Music Training and Selective Attention on Working Memory during Bimodal Processing of Auditory and Visual Stimuli.
- Creator
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Jones, Jennifer D., Standley, Jayne M., James, Jeffrey, Geringer, John M., Madsen, Clifford K., College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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Researchers have investigated participants' abilities to recall various auditory and visual stimuli presented simultaneously during conditions of divided and selective attention. These investigations have rarely used actual music as the auditory stimuli. Music researchers have thoroughly investigated melodic recognition, but non-complimentary visual stimuli and attention conditions have rarely been applied during such studies. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of music...
Show moreResearchers have investigated participants' abilities to recall various auditory and visual stimuli presented simultaneously during conditions of divided and selective attention. These investigations have rarely used actual music as the auditory stimuli. Music researchers have thoroughly investigated melodic recognition, but non-complimentary visual stimuli and attention conditions have rarely been applied during such studies. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of music training and selective attention on recall of paired melodic and pictorial stimuli in a recognition memory paradigm. A total of 192 music and non-music majors viewed one of six researcher-prepared training videotapes containing eight images sequenced with a highly familiar music selection and an unfamiliar music selection under one of three attention conditions: divided attention, selective attention to music, and selective attention to pictures. A 24-question posttest presented bimodal test items that were paired during the training, paired distractors, a music trainer with a picture distractor, or a picture trainer with a music distractor. Total correct scores, error scores by modality, and scores by question type were obtained and analyzed. Results indicated that there were significant differences between music and non-music majors' recall of the bimodal stimuli under selective attention conditions. Music majors consistently outperformed non-music majors in divided attention and selective attention to music conditions, while non-music majors outperformed music majors during selective attention to pictures. Music majors were better able to reject distractor music than were non-music majors. Music majors made fewer music errors than non-music majors. However, an unanticipated effect of gender was found. Females were better at recognizing paired trainers and males were better at rejecting distractors for both music conditions. Individually selected memory strategies did not significantly impact total scores. Analyses of sample error rates to individual questions revealed memory effects for music due to serial position and rhythmic complexity of stimuli. Participants poorly recalled the final measure of both music conditions. This finding was unusual since this position is generally memorable in serial recall tasks. Simple rhythmic contexts were not remembered as well as more complex ones. The measures containing four quarter notes were not well recalled, even when tested two times. This study confirmed that selective attention protocols could be successfully applied to a melodic recognition paradigm with participants possessing various levels of music training. The effect of rhythmic complexity on memory requires further investigation, as does the effect of gender on recognition of melody. A better understanding of what makes a melody memorable would allow music educators and music therapists the opportunity to devise and teach effective strategies.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2006
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-3438
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- The Effect of Background Music and Song Texts on the Emotional Understanding of Children with Autism.
- Creator
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Katagiri, June, Darrow, Alice-Ann, Madsen, Clifford K., Standley, Jayne M., College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of background music and song texts to teach emotional understanding to children with autism. Participants were 12 students (mean age 11.5 years) with a primary diagnosis of autism who were attending schools in Japan. Each participant was taught four emotions to decode and encode: happiness, sadness, anger, and fear by the counterbalanced treatment-order. The treatment consisted of the four conditions: (1) no contact control (NCC)—no...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of background music and song texts to teach emotional understanding to children with autism. Participants were 12 students (mean age 11.5 years) with a primary diagnosis of autism who were attending schools in Japan. Each participant was taught four emotions to decode and encode: happiness, sadness, anger, and fear by the counterbalanced treatment-order. The treatment consisted of the four conditions: (1) no contact control (NCC)—no purposeful teaching of the selected emotion, (2) contact control (CC)—teaching the selected emotion using verbal instructions alone, (3) background music (BM)—teaching the selected emotion by verbal instructions with background music representing the emotion, and (4) singing songs (SS)—teaching the selected emotion by singing specially composed songs about the emotion. Participants were given a pretest and a posttest and received eight individual sessions between the pre- and posttests. Specific research questions were: (1) which of the four conditions (NCC, CC, BM, and SS) is the most effective in improving participants' understanding of the four selected emotions?; (2) the understanding of which emotion (happiness, sadness, anger, and fear) will be most improved by the intervention conditions?; (3) which receptive or expressive skill of emotional understanding will be most improved by the intervention conditions? The results indicated that all participants improved significantly in their understanding of the four selected emotions. All condition interventions resulted in significant improvements in participants' emotional understanding, though background music resulted in the greatest improvements. Understanding of the emotions of sadness, fear, and anger improved significantly more than the understanding of happiness. Participants' decoding skills were more improved by the intervention conditions than their encoding skills. These findings suggest that background music and song texts can be effective tools to increase emotional understanding in children with autism, which is crucial to their social interactions.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2007
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-3320
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- A Survey of Music Therapists Working in Medical Hospitals.
- Creator
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Lam, Cho-Wai, Standley, Jayne M., Madsen, Clifford, Darrow, Alice-Ann, College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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While researchers have documented the clinical use of music in medical settings, little is known about music therapists working in this setting. The purpose of the present study was to examine the demographics, educational and clinical backgrounds, music therapy practice, and employment conditions of music therapists currently working in medical hospitals. A 50-item survey was designed and electronically mailed to music therapists (N = 199) identified by the American Music Therapy Association...
Show moreWhile researchers have documented the clinical use of music in medical settings, little is known about music therapists working in this setting. The purpose of the present study was to examine the demographics, educational and clinical backgrounds, music therapy practice, and employment conditions of music therapists currently working in medical hospitals. A 50-item survey was designed and electronically mailed to music therapists (N = 199) identified by the American Music Therapy Association (AMTA) as working in medical hospitals in 2006 and having valid electronic mail addresses. Forty-six respondents completed and returned the survey via either electronic mails (n = 35) or postal mails (n = 11). Results indicated that most respondents (97.8%) were Board-Certified and reported working a mean of 14 years in the music therapy profession. Respondents indicated diverse opinions concerning the influence of internship population choice on obtaining current employment as evidenced by large standard deviations. Respondents reported they participated (97.8%) and presented (78.3%) at music therapy conferences, conducted research in hospitals (43.5%), supervised interns (43.5%) and practica students (30.4%), and provided in-services at the hospitals (87%). Multiple funding sources for music therapy positions were indicated, with the majority of them (67.4%) were being funded by the hospital budget. Descriptive results concerning a music therapy practices and employment conditions in the medical settings were also presented and analyzed.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2007
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-3308
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- Application of Music Therapy Curriculum and Techniques Utilized by Music Therapists: A Survey of Hospice Music Therapists.
- Creator
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Wolverton, Mary Catherine, Standley, Jayne M., Madsen, Clifford, Gregory, Dianne, Darrow, Alice-Ann, College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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Current research shows the numerous benefits of music therapy techniques within hospice settings. However, there is little research to show us how often these techniques are differentiated or employed within hospice settings. The purpose of this study is to examine how music therapists working in the hospice field apply music therapy techniques and how their education has prepared them to do so. A web-based survey was sent out via email to the 82 hospice music therapists who were members of...
Show moreCurrent research shows the numerous benefits of music therapy techniques within hospice settings. However, there is little research to show us how often these techniques are differentiated or employed within hospice settings. The purpose of this study is to examine how music therapists working in the hospice field apply music therapy techniques and how their education has prepared them to do so. A web-based survey was sent out via email to the 82 hospice music therapists who were members of the American Music Therapy Association (AMTA). Only 39 of these music therapists completed the survey, a return rate of 49%. Respondents reported the most commonly employed music therapy technique to be validation. They also indicated that they felt most prepared to use patient instrument play based on education emphasis in their college coursework. Musical repertoire building was shown to be the most helpful aspect of the music therapy curriculum that applied to clinical hospice practice. Survey results indicated a high demand for more curricular emphasis on the techniques of bereavement and grief counseling.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2012
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-5276
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- The Effect of Performance Quality, Audio and Video Performances, Tempo, and Adjudicator Experience on Music Majors' Evaluations of String Orchestra Performances.
- Creator
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Pope, David Andrew, Geringer, John M., Jones, Evan Allan, Fredrickson, William E., Madsen, Clifford K., College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of presentation medium, adjudicators' performing experience on string instruments, music stimulus tempo, and performance quality on music majors' evaluations of string orchestra performances. Performances were presented in two mediums and two qualities to four groups: audio only (good & poor), video only (good & poor), good video with audio (good & poor), and poor video with audio (good & poor). Participants (N = 96) in this study were music...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of presentation medium, adjudicators' performing experience on string instruments, music stimulus tempo, and performance quality on music majors' evaluations of string orchestra performances. Performances were presented in two mediums and two qualities to four groups: audio only (good & poor), video only (good & poor), good video with audio (good & poor), and poor video with audio (good & poor). Participants (N = 96) in this study were music majors enrolled at four large schools of music in the United States. For each string orchestra performance, participants gave ratings for 12 evaluative statements and provided an overall performance rating. The 12 evaluative statements were equally divided between general performance (togetherness, rhythm, articulation, phrasing, communication, & intonation) and string instrument specific (vibrato, bow placement/distribution, bow direction, tone quality, LH/RH position, & sitting position) categories. Participants also completed a questionnaire to indicate their perceived level of comfort with assigning ratings. Repeated-measures ANOVA tests revealed that music majors assigned significantly higher ratings to performances with good audio quality compared to those with poor quality. Performances in the good video with audio (both good & poor) presentation medium received significantly more favorable ratings than performances in the other presentation conditions for 12 of the 13 evaluation scales. Results indicate that good visual aspects of performance can moderate the effects of poor audio quality: good video with poor audio was rated above poor video with good audio. Performances in a slow tempo received higher ratings than those in a fast tempo for 12 of 13 evaluation scales primarily in the poor audio examples. Participants' performing experience on string instruments did not have a significant effect on evaluations. Multiple two- and three-way interactions were also found. Self-reported comfort levels with assigning ratings to the general evaluation statements and the overall performance were similar for all experience levels. However, results showed that participants' comfort level with assigning ratings to the string specific scales increased with string instrument experience. Participants indicated significantly different levels of comfort with assigning ratings during some presentation mediums over others.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2012
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-5116
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- The Effect of Improvisational Group Drumming versus General Music Therapy versus Activity Therapy on Mood, Session Behaviors and Transfer Behaviors of in-Patient Psychiatric Individuals.
- Creator
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Tague, Daniel B., Standley, Jayne M., Gussak, David, Madsen, Clifford, Darrow, Alice-Ann, Geringer, John, College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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Individuals with mental illness are often diagnosed with mood symptoms in relation to a variety of disorders. Mood has been used as a measure of progress for patients recovering from mental and physical illness, but has also been examined in a variety of populations as an indicator for certain behaviors and treatment outcomes. The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate whether single-session facilitated improvisational group drumming will improve the mood of in-patient psychiatric...
Show moreIndividuals with mental illness are often diagnosed with mood symptoms in relation to a variety of disorders. Mood has been used as a measure of progress for patients recovering from mental and physical illness, but has also been examined in a variety of populations as an indicator for certain behaviors and treatment outcomes. The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate whether single-session facilitated improvisational group drumming will improve the mood of in-patient psychiatric individuals and increase socialization and positive behaviors observed on the unit. Group drumming was compared with a non-drumming general music therapy session and a non-music activity therapy group. Participants (N = 66) were male and female patients with serious mental illness assigned by convenient randomized sampling to one of three experimental groups. Mood data were collected pre and post by self-report using an adapted visual analog mood scale (VAMS). On-task and interaction behaviors during sessions were collected via observation of digital video, and transfer behaviors on the living unit were collected 30 minutes post session by trained hospital staff. The content of the three treatment sessions was designed to include five topics: cooperation, teamwork, friendliness, compliments and helpfulness. Each treatment protocol also incorporated role-play and direct instruction to encourage participants to demonstrate appropriate social interactions on the unit. The treatment protocols were created to allow for 35 minutes of activities during psychosocial education programming. Results from the modified VAMS survey indicated positive changes in mood for participants in all three treatment conditions although statistical analysis of the mean pretest and posttest scores showed no differences among groups. Results from the analysis of observations of participant behavior 30 minutes post treatment did not show significant differences between experimental groups, but participants from all three groups scored in positive numbers, indicating that they had been involved in positive behaviors on the unit after their participation in a treatment group with the greatest amount observed in the two music groups. Results from observations of interpersonal behaviors during treatment indicated that the mean percentages of social approval and neutral behaviors were also not significantly different by type of treatment. The mean percentage of on-task behaviors revealed that participants were more on task in the drumming and the music therapy treatment groups than in the activity therapy treatment groups, though differences were not statistically significant. This study was the first application of group drumming to be used for an entire treatment session in an acute psychiatric setting. This was also the first research trial to use drumming alone to influence the mood of in-patient psychiatric individuals. Results of this study indicate that a group drumming protocol can be successfully utilized as part of the psychosocial training program in a hospital setting, though analysis of the data also confirmed that general music therapy and activity therapy may be beneficial to the mood of patients. Implications for clinical use and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2012
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-5220
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- Mothers' Singing to Fetuses: The Effect of Music Education.
- Creator
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Sirak, Candice, Standley, Jayne M., Darrow, Alice-Ann, Gregory, Diane, Madsen, Clifford, College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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Most mothers would agree that music is a tool they use to calm their baby. Many mothers even use music prenatally for bonding as well as relaxation. The purpose of this study was to discover if having had at least four years of music education during the school years had an effect on whether or not mothers sang to their baby prenatally and if singing prenatally has any effect on the infant's temperament. Volunteer mothers were asked to fill out an on-line questionnaire. The research concluded...
Show moreMost mothers would agree that music is a tool they use to calm their baby. Many mothers even use music prenatally for bonding as well as relaxation. The purpose of this study was to discover if having had at least four years of music education during the school years had an effect on whether or not mothers sang to their baby prenatally and if singing prenatally has any effect on the infant's temperament. Volunteer mothers were asked to fill out an on-line questionnaire. The research concluded that having at least four years of music education did not affect whether or not the mother sang to her baby prenatally but that mother's age and income level were correlated (younger mothers and those in a lower income bracket were more likely to sing prenatally). Singing prenatally did significantly affect the mothers' perception of infant temperament. Infants who were sung to during pregnancy were perceived to be more calm overall, but they did not calm significantly faster than infants who were not sung to during pregnancy. It was found that mothers chose to sing popular music almost as often as lullabies. This information could be helpful to music therapists in implementing a prenatal music therapy program.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2012
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-5186
- Format
- Thesis
- Title
- Technology-Based Music Courses and Non-Traditional Music Students in Secondary Schools.
- Creator
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Bula, Josh A., Gaber, Brian, Drew, John, Madsen, Clifford, Kelly, Steven, College of Music, Florida State University
- Abstract/Description
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The purpose of this project was to informally gather information about technology-based music classes being taught in secondary schools for the purpose of assisting traditional music teachers in the development and teaching of non-traditional music classes that focus on using technology. A quasi mixed-method design was used. This project should not be considered typical descriptive or statistical research but rather informal information gathering in preparation for future curriculum. Teachers...
Show moreThe purpose of this project was to informally gather information about technology-based music classes being taught in secondary schools for the purpose of assisting traditional music teachers in the development and teaching of non-traditional music classes that focus on using technology. A quasi mixed-method design was used. This project should not be considered typical descriptive or statistical research but rather informal information gathering in preparation for future curriculum. Teachers (N=307) participated in a survey regarding technology-based and commercial music classes. Teachers who teach technology-based music courses were asked about curriculum, resources, and the students in those classes. Suggestions were compiled for curriculum and training materials, some of which were then reviewed and incorporated into a sample curriculum plan. Teachers also indicated perceived differences between typical traditional music students and students in technology-based music classes. Teachers who do not teach technology-based music classes were asked reasons these classes do not exist and ideas that would encourage them to start teaching them. Primary reasons for not offering such classes were lack of funding and perceived lack of knowledge or comfort regarding technology. Teachers indicated they would be more encouraged to start technology-based classes if they had the financial resources, training, and easy-to-follow curriculum resources. Based on information collected from the survey, a review of previous literature, and personal experience, a suggested plan for starting a technology-based music class is developed which includes recommendations for planning, recruiting, and curriculum to target non-traditional music students with a beginning focus on popular music and creativity through writing and producing original electronic music.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2011
- Identifier
- FSU_migr_etd-4748
- Format
- Thesis